rūs

ămoenus, a, um, adj. [amo; some comp. ameinôn], lovely, delightful, pleasant, charming (in gen. of objects affecting the sense of sight only; as a beautiful landscape, gar dens, rivers, pictures, etc.: amoena loca.. quod solum amorem praestentetad se amanda adliciant, Varr. ap. Isid. Orig. 14:

amoena sunt loca solius voluptatis plena,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 734; while jucundus is used both in a phys. and mental sense; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p 36; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: amoena salicta, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): Ennius, qui primus amoeno Detulit ex Helicone perenni fronde coronam, who first from the charming Helicon, etc., Lucr. 1, 117:

fons,

id. 4, 1024:

locus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

praediola,

id. Att. 16, 3, 4:

loca amoena voluptaria,

Sall. C. 11, 5 Kritz:

amoena piorum Concilia,

Verg. A. 5, 734:

Devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas,

id. ib. 6, 638:

rus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

aquae, aurae,

id. C. 3, 4, 7: hae latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, delightful to me (subjectively), but also in and of themselves (objectively) pleasant, id. Ep. 1, 16, 15 Schmid.; cf.

Doed. Syn. III. p. 35: amoenae Farfarus umbrae,

Ov. M. 14, 330, where Merkel, opacae Farfarus undae:

amoenissima aedificia,

Tac. H. 3, 30:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 10, 37 fin. —In reproach: cultus amoenior, too showy, coquetting, Liv. 4, 44, 11.—As subst., ămoena, ōrum, n. (cf. abditus, etc.), pleasant places:

per amoena Asiae atque Achaiae,

Tac. A. 3, 7:

amoena litorum,

id. H. 3, 76. —

Transf. to other things (rare, and for the most part only post-Aug.):

vita,

Tac. A. 15, 55:

ingenium,

id. ib. 2, 64; so id. ib. 13, 3:

animus, i. e. amoenitatibus deditus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1:

amoenissima verba,

Gell. 2, 26; 16, 3; 18, 5 al.—Hence, adv.

Old form ămoenĭter:

hilare atque amoeniter vindemiam agitare,

joyfully and delightfully, Gell. 20, 8.—

Usu. form ămoenē;

* in respect to smell,

sweetly, fragrantly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 2; of a dwelling, pleasantly (in sup.), Plin. Ep. 4, 23; of discourse (in comp.), Gell. 14, 1, 32.

ămoenus, a, um, adj. [amo; some comp. ameinôn], lovely, delightful, pleasant, charming (in gen. of objects affecting the sense of sight only; as a beautiful landscape, gar dens, rivers, pictures, etc.: amoena loca.. quod solum amorem praestentetad se amanda adliciant, Varr. ap. Isid. Orig. 14:

amoena sunt loca solius voluptatis plena,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 734; while jucundus is used both in a phys. and mental sense; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p 36; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.: amoena salicta, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): Ennius, qui primus amoeno Detulit ex Helicone perenni fronde coronam, who first from the charming Helicon, etc., Lucr. 1, 117:

fons,

id. 4, 1024:

locus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

praediola,

id. Att. 16, 3, 4:

loca amoena voluptaria,

Sall. C. 11, 5 Kritz:

amoena piorum Concilia,

Verg. A. 5, 734:

Devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas,

id. ib. 6, 638:

rus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6:

aquae, aurae,

id. C. 3, 4, 7: hae latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, delightful to me (subjectively), but also in and of themselves (objectively) pleasant, id. Ep. 1, 16, 15 Schmid.; cf.

Doed. Syn. III. p. 35: amoenae Farfarus umbrae,

Ov. M. 14, 330, where Merkel, opacae Farfarus undae:

amoenissima aedificia,

Tac. H. 3, 30:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 10, 37 fin. —In reproach: cultus amoenior, too showy, coquetting, Liv. 4, 44, 11.—As subst., ămoena, ōrum, n. (cf. abditus, etc.), pleasant places:

per amoena Asiae atque Achaiae,

Tac. A. 3, 7:

amoena litorum,

id. H. 3, 76. —

Transf. to other things (rare, and for the most part only post-Aug.):

vita,

Tac. A. 15, 55:

ingenium,

id. ib. 2, 64; so id. ib. 13, 3:

animus, i. e. amoenitatibus deditus,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 1:

amoenissima verba,

Gell. 2, 26; 16, 3; 18, 5 al.—Hence, adv.

Old form ămoenĭter:

hilare atque amoeniter vindemiam agitare,

joyfully and delightfully, Gell. 20, 8.—

Usu. form ămoenē;

* in respect to smell,

sweetly, fragrantly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 2; of a dwelling, pleasantly (in sup.), Plin. Ep. 4, 23; of discourse (in comp.), Gell. 14, 1, 32.

ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].

In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:

humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,

id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,

id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

levantes Corpus et animum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:

formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,

Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:

animi validus et corpore ingens,

id. A. 15, 53:

Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,

first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:

animosa signa,

life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,

id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:

In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,

id. ib. 1, 29, 70:

corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,

derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,

id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:

discessus animi a corpore,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:

cum nihil erit praeter animum,

when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,

animus vacans corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:

animus sine corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 51:

sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,

Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):

Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,

id. ib. 1, 16, 36:

Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,

id. ib. 1, 16, 38:

Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:

aeternitas animorum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—

In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).

1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:

cogito cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:

cum animis vestris cogitare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 24:

recordari cum animo,

id. Clu. 25, 70;

and without cum: animo meditari,

Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:

cogitare volvereque animo,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

animo cogitare,

Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:

statuere apud animum,

Liv. 34, 2:

proposui in animo meo,

Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:

nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:

in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —

For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,

Cic. Clu. 146:

magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,

Verg. A. 6, 11:

complecti animo et cogitatione,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

animis et cogitatione comprehendere,

id. Fl. 27, 66:

cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56:

animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—

Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:

etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:

ex animo effluere,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;

... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,

Verg. E. 9, 51.—

Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):

vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,

I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,

Verg. A. 10, 487:

animusque reliquit euntem,

Ov. M. 10, 459:

nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,

id. ib. 14, 177:

linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,

Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:

ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,

Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—

The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):

cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,

Lucr. 4, 1135:

quos conscius animus exagitabat,

Sall. C. 14, 3:

suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—

In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:

e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:

meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:

edepol lenones meo animo novisti,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:

nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:

EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3665:

ex animi tui sententia,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—

The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):

cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,

id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;

litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

Nihil animo videre poterant,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—

The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.

a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:

harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:

Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),

Verg. A. 2, 73:

Hoc fletu concussi animi,

id. ib. 9, 498;

4, 310: animum offendere,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:

Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:

mala mens, malus animus,

bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:

animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,

Cic. Arch. 6, 14:

Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,

id. Sen. 11, 36:

ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:

Istuc mens animusque fert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:

Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,

Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—

And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:

mente animoque nobiscum agunt,

Tac. G. 29:

quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,

id. H. 1, 84;

and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,

a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,

pravitas animi atque ingenii,

Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):

Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:

animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

animum comprimit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53:

animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:

sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,

Enn. Ann. 6, 40:

tremere animo,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:

ingentes animo concipit iras,

Ov. M. 1, 166:

exsultare animo,

id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:

Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?

from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:

nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:

sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,

Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:

majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,

id. Fam. 11, 22:

ex animo vereque diligi,

id. ib. 9, 6, 2:

ex animo dolere,

Hor. A. P. 432:

quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,

Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.

With verbs:

Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:

Antipho me excruciat animi,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

discrucior animi,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:

in spe pendebit animi,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—

With adjj.:

aeger animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:

infelix animi,

Verg. A. 4, 529:

felix animi,

Juv. 14, 159:

victus animi,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

ferox animi,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

promptus animi,

id. H. 2, 23:

praestans animi,

Verg. A. 12, 19:

ingens animi,

Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—

Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:

animo audaci proripit sese,

Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:

petulans protervo, iracundo animo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:

ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:

promptus animus vester,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5:

Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,

Ov. M. 13, 550:

Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

sordidus atque animi parvi,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

Drusus animi fluxioris erat,

Suet. Tib. 52.—

In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —

Courage, spirit:

ibi nostris animus additus est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:

deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,

Lucr. 6, 1232:

virtute atque animo resistere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

fac animo magno fortique sis,

id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:

Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,

id. Att. 5, 20, 3:

nostris animus augetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 70:

mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,

Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:

Nunc demum redit animus,

Tac. Agr. 3:

bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,

Ov. M. 5, 47:

pares annis animisque,

id. ib. 7, 558:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:

tela viris animusque cadunt,

id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:

In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:

bono animo fac sis,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:

quin tu animo bono es,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

quare bono animo es,

Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;

so also, satis animi,

sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:

magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,

Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:

Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,

Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:

dant animos plagae,

give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—

Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,

Quint. 10, 1, 113. —

Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,

id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:

quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—

Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:

animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,

Cic. Marcell. 3:

animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

qui dominatur animo suo,

Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:

vince animos iramque tuam,

Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:

Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,

id. 2, 5, 18:

Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,

Luc. 8, 28:

coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,

Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —

Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:

si est animus aequos tibi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:

aequo animo ferre,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:

aequo animo esse,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:

animis aequis remittere,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

aequiore animo successorem opperiri,

Suet. Tib. 25:

haud aequioribus animis audire,

Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:

iniquo animo,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—

Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:

cubat amans animo obsequens,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:

indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,

Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:

haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12):

Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:

liberare fidicinam animi gratia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 90:

qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6:

habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,

id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:

Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—

Disposition toward any one:

hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:

meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,

id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:

qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,

id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;

5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,

id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:

animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,

Suet. Oth. 8:

Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,

Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:

salve, anime mi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:

da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,

id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —

The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:

qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,

Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:

pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:

Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,

goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,

pro animi mei voluntate,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):

teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,

Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:

Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:

Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

id. And. 2, 3, 4:

Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:

Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?

id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:

qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:

istum exheredare in animo habebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:

hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,

with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:

omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,

Ov. M. 5, 150:

Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,

Verg. A. 4, 639:

Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,

Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—

Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.

Of brutes:

in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,

whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,

id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:

(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,

Verg. G. 4, 83:

Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,

Ov. M. 3, 544:

cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,

Col. 6, 1, 1:

Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,

id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:

iniquae mentis asellus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—

Of plants:

haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,

their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—

Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:

certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):

Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

Verg. A. 1, 11.

ā-vello, velli or vulsi, vulsum or volsum, 3, v. a. ( pluperf. avellerat, Curt. 5, 6, 5; perf. avulsi, Luc. 9, 764), to tear off or away, to pull or rend off (syn.: abripio, eximo).

In gen. (class.):

avellere tigna trabesque,

to tear away planks and beams, Lucr. 6, 241:

avolsaque saxa Montibus,

the rocks rent from the mountains, id. 4, 141:

avolsum umeris caput,

Verg. A. 2, 558; so Ov. M. 3, 727; 2, 358:

avolsos silices a montibus altis,

Lucr. 5, 313:

avolsus radicibus oculus,

id. 3, 563: poma ex arboribus, si cruda sunt, vix avelluntur;

si matura et cocta, decidunt,

Cic. Sen. 19, 71; id. Verr. 2, 4, 49 fin.:

Cum ripa simul avolsos ferat Aufidus acer,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 58; 2, 8, 89:

Avellit frondes,

Ov. M. 2, 351:

summitatem frondium ejus avulsit,

Vulg. Ezech. 17, 4 al.:

Ex eā avolsa postea Therasia,

Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70:

Euboea avolsa Boeotiae,

id. 4, 12, 21, § 63.—

Esp.

To take away by force, to tear away:

rus ab aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 14:

pretium alicui,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 104:

fatale sacrato avellere templo Palladium,

Verg. A. 2, 165:

fundum emptori,

Dig. 23, 7, 17; 40, 7, 3:

avellamus eum ad nos,

Vulg. Isa. 7, 6;

so of carrying off the bride,

Cat. 62, 21 Ellis.—

To separate from something by pulling, to part, to remove:

aliquem de matris complexu avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

ab uberibus avellere,

to wean, Vulg. Isa. 28, 9:

ut sperem posse (eum) avelli,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 21:

Non potes avelli! simul, ah, simul ibimus, inquit,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 81:

complexu avolsus Iuli,

Verg. A. 4, 616:

ut avellerentur castris,

Tac. A. 1, 44: se, to tear one ' s self away, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 39.— And in pass. without the notion of violence, to withdraw:

Et ipse avulsus est ab eis,

Vulg. Luc. 22, 41 Tisch.— Trop.:

aliquem a tanto errore,

Cic. Off. 3, 4, 83.

bĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [akin to benus, bonus, and, acc. to Fick, connected with deidô, deinos], to make happy, to bless (as verb. finit. rare, and mostly poet. for fortuno, beatum efficio; not in Cic.).

In gen., to gladden, rejoice, refresh:

hoc me beat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 12:

foris aliquantillum etiam quod gusto, id beat,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 34:

ecquid beo te?

does that gladden thee? Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47.—Hence, in colloq. lang. beas or beasti, that delights me, I am rejoiced at that, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66; Ter. And. 1, 1, 79.—

Aliquem aliquā re, to make happy, reward with, enrich:

caelo Musa beat,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 29:

seu te... bearis Interiore notā Falerni,

id. ib. 2, 3, 7:

ne dominus Munere te parvo beet,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 75:

Latium beabit divite linguā,

id. ib. 2, 2, 121.—Hence, bĕātus, a, um, P. a.

Happy, prosperous, blessed, fortunate (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf.:

felix, fortunatus): neque ulla alia huic verbo, cum beatum dicimus, subjecta notio est, nisi, secretis malis omnibus, cumulata bonorum complexio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29:

hic tyrannus ipse judicavit quam esset beatus,

id. ib. 5, 20, 61:

qui beatus est, non intellego, quid requirat, ut sit beatior: si est enim quod desit, ne beatus quidem est,

id. ib. 5, 8, 23:

beatus, ni unum hoc desit,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 18; Afran. ap. Non. p. 517, 17:

beatus ille, qui procul negotiis, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 2, 1:

nihil est ab omni Parte beatum,

id. C. 2, 16, 28:

beatissima vita,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—

Transf.:

satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil ei esse beatum, cui, etc.,

a cause of happiness, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62.—

Subst.

bĕāti, ōrum, m., the happy, fortunate persons:

istam oscitantem sapientiam Scaevolarum et ceterorum beatorum concedamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

Phraaten numero beatorum Eximit Virtus,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 18.—

bĕātum, i, n. ( = beatitas, beatitudo, q. v.), happiness, blessedness:

in quā sit ipsum etiam beatum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

ex bonis, quae sola honesta sunt, efficiendum est beatum,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45.—

Esp.

Of outward prosperity, opulent, wealthy, rich, in good circumstances:

Dionysius tyrannus fuit opulentissumae et beatissumae civitatis (sc. Syracusarum),

Cic. N.D. 3, 33, 81:

res omnes quibus abundant ii, qui beati putantur,

id. ib. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Curc. 3, 1:

ut eorum ornatus... hominis non beatissimi suspicionem prae, beret,

Nep. Ages. 8, 2; Hor. C. 2, 4, 13; 2, 18, 14; 3, 7, 3; 3, 16, 32; 3, 29, 11; id. S. 2-8, 1; id. Epod. 16, 41; Ov. Am. 1, 15, 34.— As subst.: bĕāti, ōrum, m., the rich:

noli nobilibus, noli conferre beatis,

Prop. 2, 9, 33.—

Poet., of inanimate things, rich, abundant, excellent, splendid, magnificent:

gazae,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 1:

arces,

id. ib. 2, 6, 21:

Cyprus,

id. ib. 3, 26, 9:

copia,

id. C.S. 59:

rus,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 14.—With abl., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:

nectar,

Mart. 9, 12, 5; Cat. 68, 14: argentum felix omnique beatius auro, Ov P 2, 8, 5.— Trop.:

ubertas,

overflowing, Quint. 10, 1, 109:

copia,

id. 10, 1, 61:

eventus,

Tac. Dial. 9.—

Late Lat., blessed, i. e. deceased, dead:

quem cum beatum fuisse Sallustius respondisset, intellexit occisum,

Amm. 25, 3, 21:

beatae memoriae,

of blessed memory, Hier. Ep. ad Marc. 24; cf.: si nobis, cum ex hac vitā emigraverimus, in beatorum insulis inmortale aevum, ut fabulae ferunt, degere liceret, Cic. ap. Aug. Trin. 14, 9 (Fragm. Hortens. 40 B. and K.).—

Beatissimus, in late Lat., a title of the higher clergy, Cod. 1, 4, 13; Auct. Collat. 9, 6; Novell. 123, 3 al. —Hence, adv.: bĕātē, happily, Cat. 14, 10:

vivere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 33; id. Div. 2, 1, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 12, 29; id. Fin. 2, 27, 86; id. Par 1, 3, 15.— Comp., Sen. Ep. 92, 24.— Sup., Sen. Cons. Helv. 9, 4.

bĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [akin to benus, bonus, and, acc. to Fick, connected with deidô, deinos], to make happy, to bless (as verb. finit. rare, and mostly poet. for fortuno, beatum efficio; not in Cic.).

In gen., to gladden, rejoice, refresh:

hoc me beat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 12:

foris aliquantillum etiam quod gusto, id beat,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 34:

ecquid beo te?

does that gladden thee? Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47.—Hence, in colloq. lang. beas or beasti, that delights me, I am rejoiced at that, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66; Ter. And. 1, 1, 79.—

Aliquem aliquā re, to make happy, reward with, enrich:

caelo Musa beat,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 29:

seu te... bearis Interiore notā Falerni,

id. ib. 2, 3, 7:

ne dominus Munere te parvo beet,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 75:

Latium beabit divite linguā,

id. ib. 2, 2, 121.—Hence, bĕātus, a, um, P. a.

Happy, prosperous, blessed, fortunate (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf.:

felix, fortunatus): neque ulla alia huic verbo, cum beatum dicimus, subjecta notio est, nisi, secretis malis omnibus, cumulata bonorum complexio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29:

hic tyrannus ipse judicavit quam esset beatus,

id. ib. 5, 20, 61:

qui beatus est, non intellego, quid requirat, ut sit beatior: si est enim quod desit, ne beatus quidem est,

id. ib. 5, 8, 23:

beatus, ni unum hoc desit,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 18; Afran. ap. Non. p. 517, 17:

beatus ille, qui procul negotiis, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 2, 1:

nihil est ab omni Parte beatum,

id. C. 2, 16, 28:

beatissima vita,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—

Transf.:

satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil ei esse beatum, cui, etc.,

a cause of happiness, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62.—

Subst.

bĕāti, ōrum, m., the happy, fortunate persons:

istam oscitantem sapientiam Scaevolarum et ceterorum beatorum concedamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

Phraaten numero beatorum Eximit Virtus,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 18.—

bĕātum, i, n. ( = beatitas, beatitudo, q. v.), happiness, blessedness:

in quā sit ipsum etiam beatum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

ex bonis, quae sola honesta sunt, efficiendum est beatum,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45.—

Esp.

Of outward prosperity, opulent, wealthy, rich, in good circumstances:

Dionysius tyrannus fuit opulentissumae et beatissumae civitatis (sc. Syracusarum),

Cic. N.D. 3, 33, 81:

res omnes quibus abundant ii, qui beati putantur,

id. ib. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Curc. 3, 1:

ut eorum ornatus... hominis non beatissimi suspicionem prae, beret,

Nep. Ages. 8, 2; Hor. C. 2, 4, 13; 2, 18, 14; 3, 7, 3; 3, 16, 32; 3, 29, 11; id. S. 2-8, 1; id. Epod. 16, 41; Ov. Am. 1, 15, 34.— As subst.: bĕāti, ōrum, m., the rich:

noli nobilibus, noli conferre beatis,

Prop. 2, 9, 33.—

Poet., of inanimate things, rich, abundant, excellent, splendid, magnificent:

gazae,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 1:

arces,

id. ib. 2, 6, 21:

Cyprus,

id. ib. 3, 26, 9:

copia,

id. C.S. 59:

rus,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 14.—With abl., Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:

nectar,

Mart. 9, 12, 5; Cat. 68, 14: argentum felix omnique beatius auro, Ov P 2, 8, 5.— Trop.:

ubertas,

overflowing, Quint. 10, 1, 109:

copia,

id. 10, 1, 61:

eventus,

Tac. Dial. 9.—

Late Lat., blessed, i. e. deceased, dead:

quem cum beatum fuisse Sallustius respondisset, intellexit occisum,

Amm. 25, 3, 21:

beatae memoriae,

of blessed memory, Hier. Ep. ad Marc. 24; cf.: si nobis, cum ex hac vitā emigraverimus, in beatorum insulis inmortale aevum, ut fabulae ferunt, degere liceret, Cic. ap. Aug. Trin. 14, 9 (Fragm. Hortens. 40 B. and K.).—

Beatissimus, in late Lat., a title of the higher clergy, Cod. 1, 4, 13; Auct. Collat. 9, 6; Novell. 123, 3 al. —Hence, adv.: bĕātē, happily, Cat. 14, 10:

vivere,

Cic. Ac. 1, 9, 33; id. Div. 2, 1, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 12, 29; id. Fin. 2, 27, 86; id. Par 1, 3, 15.— Comp., Sen. Ep. 92, 24.— Sup., Sen. Cons. Helv. 9, 4.

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

Campānĭa, ae, f., = Kampania [campus, i. e. the plain, the level country], the very fruitful and luxurious (Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95) province of Campania, in Middle Italy, whose chief city was Capua, now Terra di Lavoro, Mel. 2, 4, 2 and 9; Liv. 2, 52, 1; Tib. 1, 9, 33; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60; Flor. 1, 16, 3.—

Derivv.

Campānus, a, um, adj., Campanian, of Campania:

ager,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 32, 87; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 3:

rus,

Mart. 9, 61, 4:

colonia,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 85:

matres,

Liv. 26, 13, 15:

merum,

Mart. 1, 19, 6:

Lyaeus,

i. e. wine, id. 1, 13, 118:

rosae,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16; cf. Mart. 9, 61:

aes,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 95:

supellex,

i. e. earthen, Hor. S. 1, 6, 118:

trulla,

id. ib. 2, 3, 144:

luxuria,

Liv. 23, 45, 2: morbus, a kind of wart or tumor endemic in Campania, Hor. S. 1, 5, 62 (v. Schol. Crucq.): Campanus pons, near Capua, leading over the Savo to Sinuessa, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

urbs,

i. e. Capua, Verg. A. 10, 145: Via, a branch of the Via Appia, Suet. Aug. 94; Vitr. 8, 3; Inscr. Grut. 374, 5; 611, 13 al.—Subst.

campāna, ae f., a, stilyard, Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 6; Gloss. Vat. ap. Auct. Class. 7, p. 581 Mai.—

Plur.: Campāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Campania, the Campanians, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 20; 2, 35, 94 and 96 al.—

Campā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

aratra,

Cato, R. R. 135, 2:

fiscinae,

id. ib. and 153:

serta,

id. 107, 1 (Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

sertula Campana): peristromata,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 13. —

Campānĭus, a, um, adj., Campanian:

terra = Campania,

Tib. 1, 9, 33 (cf.: terra Arabia, Celtiberia, etc.).—

Campans, antis, adj., of Compania:

genus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 144 Brix ad loc. (also ap. Non. p. 486, 24).

certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.

(Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

certum'st hominem eludere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

tibi credere,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

Liv. 2, 45, 13:

certum est igni circumdare muros,

Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

certum est, jam dicam patri,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

certum est, ibo ad medicum,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

so further with istuc,

id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

certa res hanc est objurgare,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—

(From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.

With inf.:

certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

certa sequi,

Val. Fl. 5, 47.—

With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

desciscendi,

Tac. H. 4, 14:

relinquendae vitae,

id. A. 4, 34:

necis,

Sil. 6, 27:

fugae,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

destinationis,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

sceleris,

id. ib. 12, 66:

consilii,

id. H. 2, 46.—

With an:

nec sat certa an cederet armis,

Sil. 9, 480.—

An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

with praefinitus,

Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).

Object.

Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

Lucr. 6, 783:

fruges, bacae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

concilium in diem certam indicere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

so with dies,

a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

certis diebus,

Verg. G. 2, 329:

quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

certum praefinitumque tempus,

id. Galb. 14; and:

certum statumque vectigal,

id. Calig. 40:

pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

locus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

numerus,

id. ib. 7, 75:

signum,

fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

naves,

fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

pecuniae imperabantur,

id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

conviva,

i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—

But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

habet certos sui studiosos,

id. Brut. 16, 64:

(hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

certi homines ad eam rem periti,

id. ib. 18, 41:

res a certis hominibus corrupta,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

in his certos aliquos docebit,

id. 2, 8, 13.—

Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).

Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

auctor (mortis),

Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

per litora certos dimittam,

Verg. A. 1, 576:

certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

id. G. 1, 432.—

Of things:

satis animo certo et confirmato,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

pectora,

Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

promissa,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

parata dicendi copia et certa,

Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

9: jus,

id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

jactus (telorum),

Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

in this sense certa hasta,

Verg. A. 11, 767:

sagitta,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

fides segetis,

id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

spes,

id. C. S. 74:

trames,

id. S. 2, 3, 49:

lar,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

plana et certa,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

certa et clara,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

certa maris,

Tac. H. 4, 81.—

Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

incerta pro certis malebant,

Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

incerta pro certis mutare,

id. J. 83, 1:

postremo certior res,

Liv. 29, 6, 12:

certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

hisce oculis egomet vidi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

id parum certum est,

Liv. 5, 35, 3:

cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

si quicquam humanorum certi est,

Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

Certum non scimus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

certum habere,

to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

certum respondeo,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

negare,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

polliceri,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

dicere aliquid,

id. Brut. 3, 10:

ponere,

Liv. 23, 6, 8:

scire,

id. 25, 10, 1:

affirmare,

id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

creditur,

Sall. C. 15, 2:

coeperit esse,

Quint. 5, 12, 2:

certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

certo certius,

Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—

Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

certi sumus periisse omnia,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

num quid nunc es certior?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

posteritatis,

i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

sententiae,

Quint. 4, 3, 8:

judicii,

Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

certus de suā geniturā,

Suet. Vesp. 25:

damnationis,

id. Tib. 61:

exitii,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

spei,

id. H. 4, 3:

matrimonii,

id. A. 12, 3:

certi sumus, etc.,

Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

me certiorem face,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

ut nos facias certiores,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

factus certior, quae res gererentur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

non consulibus certioribus factis,

Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

fac me certum quid tibi est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.

Object.:

perii certo, haud arbitrario,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—

In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Subject.

In gen. (very rare):

certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—

certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).

Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.

Object.:

certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

certe hercle,

id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

quom is certe Renuntiarit,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

certe captus est!

id. And. 1, 1, 55:

certe ut videamur cernere eum,

Lucr. 4, 760:

si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

id. Planc. 16, 38:

ea certe vera sunt,

id. Mil. 35, 96:

M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

cum se certe decessurum videret,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

Verg. A. 1, 234:

o dea certe,

a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

si reperire vocas amittere certius,

Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—

In an answer of affirmation:

estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—

Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

edepol certo scio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—

In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—

In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —

In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—

Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).

Alone:

si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

cingitur, certe expedit se,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

res fortasse verae, certe graves,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

id. 22, 34, 11:

quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

ego certe,

Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

certe ego,

Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

mihi certe,

Quint. 10, 3, 23:

ipse certe,

id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—

With other particles.

With tamen:

illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—

With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—

With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —

With quidem:

ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

clīvōsus, a, um, adj. [clivus], hilly, full of hills, steep ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

rus,

Verg. G. 2, 212:

trames,

id. ib. 1, 108:

loci et aridi,

Col. Arb. 4, 3;

opp. planus,

id. R. R. 2, 16, 1:

solum,

Plin. 18, 24, 55, § 200:

Olympus,

Ov. F. 3, 415:

Ida,

id. Am. 1, 14, 11.—

Trop.:

tramite vitae,

steep, difficult, Sil. 6, 120.

con-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. (a strengthened cedo, and corresp. with it in most of its signiff.); lit., to go, walk; hence,

Neutr., with reference to the terminus a quo, to go or walk away from a place, to depart, retire, withdraw, remove from (in lit. signif. rare but class.).

In gen.:

concedite atque abscedite omnes, de viā decedite,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; so absol., Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 102; id. Hec. 4, 2, 21; cf.:

ipsae concedite silvae,

farewell, Verg. E. 10, 63.—With prep.:

a foribus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82:

abs te,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 51:

ab oculis alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

ex aedibus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 57.—With abl. only:

oculis,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

caelo,

Verg. A. 10, 215:

solio,

Sil. 3, 628.—With adv.:

hinc,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11.—

Esp.

Pregn. ( = cedo, II. A. 2.), to pass away, disappear, vanish, in Tac. (with and without vitā), to depart from life, die:

tumor et irae Concessere deūm,

Verg. A. 8, 41:

vitā,

to die, Tac. A. 1, 3; 3, 30; 6, 39; 12, 39; 14, 51; and absol.: quandoque concessero, id. ib. 4, 38; 13, 30;

the same: concessit superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91; cf.:

vitā per auras concessit ad Manes,

id. ib. 10, 820. —

With dat. or absol., prop. qs. to go out of the way for one (on account of his wishes, or his superior power or excellence), i. e. to yield to, submit, give way to, adapt one's self to.

To yield or submit to power or compulsion:

ut magnitudini medicinae doloris magnitudo concederet,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 29, 63:

certum est, concedere homini nato nemini,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 15:

neque nox quoquam concedit die (i. e. diei),

id. Am. 1, 1, 120 (cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 48): cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae, Cic. Poët. Off. 1, 22, 77 (cf. id. Pis. 30, 74, and Quint. 11, 1, 24):

bellum ac tumultum paci atque otio concessurum,

id. Pis. 30, 73:

voluptatem concessuram dignitati,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

injuriae,

Sall. J. 14, 24:

obsidioni,

i. e. permit, Tac. A. 13, 40:

operi meo concedite,

Ov. M. 8, 393; id. F. 1, 222:

naturae,

i. e. to die, Sall. J. 14, 15; so,

fato,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

fatis magnis,

Val. Fl. 1, 554:

apparebat aut hostibus aut civibus de victoriā concedendum esse,

Liv. 4, 6, 6; cf. so impers.:

postquam concessum propemodum de victoriā credebant,

id. 3, 60, 4.—

To give place to in excellence, dignity, rank, etc., to yield to, to give precedence:

me amantissimum tui, nemini concedentem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 2; so id. ib. 4, 3, 1;

4, 3, 4: etsi de cupiditate nemini concedam,

id. Att. 12, 47, 2:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

majestati ejus viri concedere,

Liv. 6, 6, 7:

aetati,

Sall. J. 11, 4; id. H. Fragm. 1, 17; cf. so impers.:

Sulla, cujus facundiae, non aetati a Manlio concessum,

id. J. 102, 4:

vigenti Silio,

Tac. A. 3, 43:

seniori Sentio,

id. ib. 2, 74:

ut vix Apronio illi de familiaritate concedere videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 108:

Antario Varoque de gloriā,

Tac. H. 3, 64:

nemini in illa causā studio et cupiditate concedere,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nec amore in hanc patriam nobis concedunt,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas,

Verg. E. 2, 57.—With acc. of quantity (cf. 3. infra):

magistro tantulum de arte,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118:

alicui quicquam in desperatione,

id. Att. 14, 18, 3. —

To yield, submit to one's will, comply with one's wishes:

ut tibi concedam, neque tuae libidini advorsabor,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 3:

matri meae,

id. ib. 3, 5, 28:

concessit senatus postulationi tuae,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47:

jurisconsultis concedi,

id. Caecin. 24, 67.— Impers.:

Caesar... concedendum non putabat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7.—

Like sunchôrein tini, to assent to, concede to:

nunquamne hodie concedes mihi Neque intelleges, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 22 (credes, consenties, Ruhnk.):

stultum me fateor, liceat concedere veris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 305 (cf. in Gr. sunchôrein têi alêtheiai).—

To assent to, grant, pardon, allow, etc.:

quos (judices) alienis peccatis concessuros putes, quo facilius ipsis peccare liceat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

poëtae non ignoscit, nobis concedit,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

dicto concedi,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3:

cui (vitio) si concedere nolis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 140; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 85.—Hence (cf. cedo, II. A. 3. fin.),

Act., with acc. (and dat.) aliquid alicui.

To grant, concede, allow; to consign something over to, to resign, yield, vouchsafe, confirm to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition):

illum mihi aequius est quam me illi quae volo concedere,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 47:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 9:

partem octavam pretii,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 3:

date hoc et concedite pudori meo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32; cf. Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 16:

alicui primas in dicendo partis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

amicis quicquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

neque quicquam illius audaciae,

id. Caecin. 35, 103:

doctrinam alicui,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf.:

artes tibi,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

intellegentiam, prudentiam,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

principatum imperii maritimi Atheniensibus,

Nep. Timoth. 2, 2; cf. id. Dion, 6, 3; Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 4; Prop. 2 (3), 15, 37; cf.:

tempus quieti, aut luxuriae,

Sall. J. 61, 3:

tempestivum pueris ludum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 142:

libertatem his,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15 fin.:

vitam alicui,

Suet. Caes. 68; id. Aug. 13; 16: crimen gratiae, i. e. to accuse or inform against for the sake of favor, Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 19:

peccata alicui,

to pardon him, id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128:

delicta,

Suet. Ner. 29.— Pass.: Siciliam nimis celeri desperatione rerum concessam, [p. 397] had been ceded, given up, Liv. 21, 1, 5:

Scaevolae concessa est facundiae virtus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9; 10, 1, 100 et saep.:

acrius... Ulcisci, quam nunc concessum est legibus aequis,

Lucr. 5, 1148; cf. Nep. Them. 10 fin.; Suet. Tib. 18.— Poet., with in and acc.:

concessit in iras Ipse... genitor Calydona Dianae,

gave over to be punished, Verg. A. 7, 305.—

With dat. and inf.:

nec nostrā dicere linguā Concedit nobis patrii sermonis egestas,

Lucr. 1, 831; so,

ducere neptem,

Cat. 64, 29:

esse poëtis,

Hor. A. P. 373; Suet. Aug. 44 et saep.— Impers. pass.:

de re publicā nisi per concilium loqui non conceditur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20 fin.:

quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12; Quint. 12, 1, 37; 12, 1, 42; 8, 6, 76; Suet. Ner. 12:

servis quoque pueros hujus aetatis verberare concedimus,

Curt. 8, 8, 3:

concedunt plangere matri,

Stat. Th. 6, 134:

cum accusare etiam palam concessum sit,

Quint. 6, 3, 28; 2, 17, 27; 11, 3, 150: 8, 3, 30; 12, 3, 8 al.— Poet.:

fatis numquam concessa moveri Camarina,

not allowed. forbidden to be removed, Verg. A. 3, 700; cf.

also personally: haec ubi conceduntur esse facta, for conceditur haec esse facta,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44.—

With acc. and inf.:

non omnia corpora vocem Mittere concedis,

you grant, Lucr. 2, 835:

oculos falli,

id. 4, 380; Quint. 2, 5, 25:

culpam inesse concedam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76:

poëtas legendos oratori futuro,

Quint. 1, 10, 29.— Pass. impers.:

concedatur profecto verum esse, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50. —

With ut or ne:

nec vero histrionibus oratoribusque concedendum est, ut iis haec apta sint, nobis dissoluta,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

verum concedo tibi ut ea praetereas, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

concedant ut viri boni fuerint,

id. Lael. 5, 18; id. de Or. 1, 13, 57; Lucr. 2, 658:

non concedo, ut sola sint,

Quint. 6, 2, 11 al.: cui concedi potest, ut? etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 13, 21:

ut concedatur ne in conspectum veniat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48.—

With a simple subj.:

concedo sit dives,

Cat. 114, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 523. —

Absol.:

beatos esse deos sumpsisti: concedimus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89; id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 2:

consules neque concedebant neque valde repugnabant,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 44.—

= condono, to grant or yield something to one as a favor or from regard, to desist from, forbear, give up; forgive, pardon:

inimicitias rei publicae,

to give up for the sake of the State, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 44:

petitionem alicui,

from regard to, id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

peccata liberum parentum misericordiae,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

cum Marcellum senatui reique publicae concessisti,

id. Marcell. 1, 3:

ut concessisti illum (sc. Marcellum) senatui, sic da hunc (sc. Ligarium) populo,

as you have pardoned him in deference to the Senate, id. Lig. 12, 37; cf. Nep. Att. 7 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 55; 4, 31:

Montanus patri concessus est,

id. ib. 16, 33 fin.

Neutr., in respect to the terminus ad quem, to go, walk, betake one's self somewhere, to retire, withdraw to, etc.; with ad, in, or adv.:

tantisper hic ego ad januam concessero,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 6 Wagn.; cf.:

ad Manes,

i. e. to die, Verg. A. 10, 820:

ad victorem,

Tac. H. 2, 51:

ad dexteram,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 12:

caeli distributio docet unde fulmen venerit, quo concesserit,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so Lucr. 1, 380:

huc,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 28; id. Trin. 2, 4, 116; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 122; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 270, 8:

istuc,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 56; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 39:

vis animae in altum,

Lucr. 4, 919:

in delubrum,

Liv. 30, 20, 6:

in hiberna,

id. 26, 20, 6; cf.:

Carthaginem Novam in hiberna,

id. 21, 15, 3:

Argos habitatum,

Nep. Them. 8, 1:

Cythnum,

Tac. A. 3, 69:

Neapolin,

id. ib. 14, 10:

Patavium,

id. H. 3, 11:

in insulam,

id. ib. 5, 19:

in turbam,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 143:

trans Rhenum,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

concede huc a foribus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 48:

hinc intro,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126:

hinc aliquo ab ore eorum,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11; cf.:

aliquo ab eorum oculis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

hinc rus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop.: in aliquid, of entering into an alliance, yielding to, etc., to agree or consent to, to assent, to submit, yield, or resign one's self, to acquiesce in, to go or pass over to any thing (freq. in the histt.):

mulier, conjuncta viro, concessit in unum Conubium,

Lucr. 5, 1010; cf.:

in matrimonium,

Just. 24, 2, 10: victi omnes in gentem nomenque imperantium concessere, were merged in, passed over into, Sall. J. 18, 12; so,

in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem,

id. C. 20, 7; cf.:

in dicionem,

Liv. 38, 16, 9:

in dominationem,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22 Gerl.:

in deditionem,

Liv. 28, 7, 9; 39, 2, 4; 42, 53, 7:

in Tyrias leges,

Sil. 15, 6:

in condiciones,

Liv. 2, 33, 1:

in sententiam,

id. 32, 23, 12; 32, 36, 8; Tac. A. 1, 79 fin.; cf.: in illos, assent to, yield to them, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Avid. 3, 7:

in partes,

Tac. H. 2, 1.

con-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to cause to stand, put or lay down, to set, put, place, fix, station, deposit a person or thing somewhere (esp. firmly or immovably), etc. (the act. corresponding to consistere; class.).

In gen.

Prop.:

hominem ante pedes Q. Manilii constituunt,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38:

vobis (dīs) candentem taurum ante aras,

Verg. A. 5, 237:

impedimenta,

Liv. 44, 36, 6:

reliquias praedonum contractas in urbibus,

Vell. 2, 32 fin.:

unum aliquem lectorem,

Quint. 2, 5, 6:

velut in aliquā sublimi speculā constitutus,

Lact. 2, 2, 18.—

Trop.:

cum hujus vobis adulescentiam proposueritis, constituitote vobis ante oculos etiam hujus miseri senectutem,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79.—

Esp.,

Milit. t. t.

To station or post troops somewhere, to draw up, set in order:

legionem Caesar passibus CC. ab eo tumulo constituit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

legiones pro castris in acie,

id. ib. 2, 8 fin.;

4, 35: aciem ordinesque intra silvas,

id. ib. 2, 19:

octo cohortes in fronte,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

quod reliquum peditum erat, obliquo constituerunt colle,

Liv. 28, 33, 8 al.:

naves ad latus apertum hostium,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:

naves aperto ac plano litore,

id. ib. 4, 23 fin.:

naves nisi in alto,

id. ib. 4, 24:

subsidiarias (naves) in secundo ordine, Auct. B. Alex. 14, 3: classem apud Salamina exadversum Athenas,

Nep. Them. 3, 4; cf. id. Alcib. 8, 1:

praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7.—Rarely of a single person: se constituere, to station or post one's self: dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto constituere studet, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17.—

In contrast with a march, to cause to halt:

paulisper agmen constituit,

Sall. J. 49, 5; so,

agmen,

Liv. 35, 28, 8; 38, 25, 12:

signa paulisper novitate rei,

id. 33, 10, 3; so,

signa,

id. 34, 20, 4.—And trop.:

si constituitur aliquando (narratio) ac non istā brevitate percurritur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328.—

With the access. idea of preparation, to set up, erect, establish, found, build, construct, prepare, make, create, constitute (class. and very freq.).

Lit.:

genus humanum, quorum omnia causā constituisse deos,

Lucr. 2, 175:

aggerem apparare, vineas agere, turres duas constituere coepit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

turres,

id. ib. 2, 12:

turrim,

id. ib. 2, 30:

castella ad extremas fossas,

id. ib. 2, 8:

vineas ac testudines,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2:

locis certis horrea,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

inane sepulcrum,

Ov. M. 6, 568:

feralis cupressos,

Verg. A. 6, 216:

ingentem quercum in tumulo,

id. ib. 11, 6:

pyras curvo in litore,

id. ib. 11, 185:

quattuor aras ad alta delubra dearum,

id. G. 4, 542; Suet. Aug. 59 fin.:

aedem in foro geminis fratribus,

id. Caes. 10:

castra Romae,

id. Tib. 37 et saep.:

oppidum,

to found, Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Nep. Cim. 2, 2; so,

nova moenia,

Verg. A. 12, 194; cf.:

moenia in Aside terrā,

Ov. M. 9, 449:

domicilium sibi Magnesiae,

Nep. Them. 10, 2:

triplex Piraeei portus constitutus est,

id. ib. 6, 1:

hiberna omnium legionum in Belgis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 38:

di primum homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituerunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140.—

Trop., to bring about, effect, establish, appoint, etc., freq. of judicial determinations, etc.: videte, [p. 438] per deos immortalis, quod jus nobis, quam condicionem vobismet ipsis, quam denique civitati legem constituere velitis, to establish, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:

jus melius Sullanis praediis quam paternis,

id. Agr. 3, 3, 10:

judicium,

id. Part. Or. 28, 99:

judicium de pecuniis repetundis,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

judicium capitis in se,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:

controversiam,

id. de Or. 1, 31, 143:

quaestionem,

Quint. 3, 11, 17; 4, 2, 10:

ratiocinationem,

id. 5, 14, 12:

in hac accusatione comparandā constituendāque laborare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; and of persons, to designate, appoint, select, put forward, etc.:

accusatorem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; Quint. 3, 10, 3 (cf.:

comparare accusatorem,

Cic. Clu. 67, 191):

testis,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

tutores pupillis,

Dig. 2, 1, 1 et saep.:

nuper apud C. Orchivium collegam meum locus ab judicibus Fausto Sullae de pecuniis residuis non est constitutus,

no trial of him was permitted, Cic. Clu. 34, 94:

reum statim fecit, utique ei locus primus constitueretur impetravit,

id. ib. 20, 56:

fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31; cf. id. Sen. 18, 62:

concordiam,

id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1:

si utilitas amicitiam constituet, tollet eadem,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

amicitiam tecum,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 27 (cf. id. ib. §

25: amicitiae permultae comparantur): libertatem,

Cic. Fl. 11, 25:

victoriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

pacem (opp. bellum gerere),

id. ib. 8, 22:

quantum mali sibi ac liberis suis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65.—

With the access. idea of ordering, contriving, to establish, fix, appoint, settle, order, manage; to confirm, regulate, arrange, dispose.

Lit.:

Ti. et C. Gracchos plebem in agris publicis constituisse,

to have established, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 83:

ibi futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset,

should assign them a permanent abode, Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

reges in civitate,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 41:

Commium regem ibi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

decemviralem potestatem in omnibus urbibus,

Nep. Lys. 2, 1; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:

curatores legibus agrariis,

id. ib.; cf.:

publice patronum huic causae,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

regnum alicui,

Nep. Chabr. 2, 1 al.:

composita et constituta res publica,

Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42; cf.:

bene morata et bene constituta civitas,

id. Brut. 2, 7; so id. Agr. 2, 5, 10 fin.:

civitates,

to organize, id. de Or. 1, 9, 35:

quis tibi concesserit... reliquas utilitates in constituendis civitatibus... a disertis ornateque dicentibus esse constitutas,

id. ib. 1, 9, 36:

Chersoneso tali modo constituto,

Nep. Milt. 2, 4:

res summā aequitate,

id. ib. 2, 2; cf.:

rem nummariam,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

rem familiarem,

id. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—

Trop.:

ineuntis aetatis inscitia senum constituenda et regenda prudentiā est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; cf.:

majores vestri majestatis constituendae gratiā bis Aventinum occupavere,

Sall. J. 31, 17; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:

jam perfectis constitutisque viribus,

Quint. 10, 1, 57.— Pass. impers.: non tam sinistre constitutum est, ut non, etc., i. e. we are not so badly off as not, etc., Plin. Pan. 45, 5.—Of persons:

Athenaeum in maximā apud regem auctoritate gratiāque,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:

aliquem sibi quaestoris in loco,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77:

in potestate aliquem,

Lact. Epit. 55, 6:

constituuntur in honoribus, cum magistratus creantur,

Aug. Cont. adv. Leg. 1, 45 al. —

With the access. idea of limiting, fixing, allotting, to fix, appoint something ( for or to something), to settle, agree upon, define, determine.

Lit.:

propter dissensionem placuerat dividi thesauros finesque imperii singulis constitui,

Sall. J. 12, 1:

summum pretium,

Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2; cf.:

pretium frumento,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:

certam pecuniam proconsulibus,

Suet. Aug. 36; id. Ner. 10:

propria loca senatoribus,

id. Claud. 21:

diem nuptiis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180; cf.:

nuptias in hunc diem,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 34:

diem concilio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

diem colloquio,

id. ib. 1, 47:

posterum diem pugnae,

id. ib. 3, 23 fin.:

negotio proximum diem,

Sall. J. 93, 8:

certum tempus ei rei,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum,

Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47:

tempus in posterum diem locumque,

Liv. 38, 25, 2:

postquam ad constitutam non venerat diem,

id. 27, 16, 16:

locus, tempus constitutum est,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 3:

modum credendi,

Cic. Rab. Post. 3, 5: de numero pastorum alii angustius, alii laxius constituunt:

ego in octogenas hirtas oves singulos pastores constitui, Atticus in centenas,

Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 10.—

T. t. of the lang. of business, to accord, agree with one in a thing, to appoint, fix, to concert, agree upon, assent to (cf. Gron. Obss. p. 14 sq.); constr. aliquid cum aliquo, alicui, inter se, or with acc. only, or absol.

Cum aliquo:

ubiea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis venit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

pactam et constitutam esse cum Manlio diem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

constitui cum quodam hospite, Me esse illum conventuram,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 120:

constitui cum hominibus, quo die mihi Messanae praesto essent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: cum aliquo, ut, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Calig. 8; cf. under P. a., B. 2.—

Alicui:

L. Cincio HS. XXCD. constitui me curaturum Idibus Febr.,

Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae,

Juv. 3, 12; cf.:

sane, inquit, vellem non constituissem, in Tusculanum me hodie venturum esse, Laelio,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—

With acc. only or absol.:

vadimonia constituta,

Cic. Sen. 7, 21:

de pecuniā constitutā,

Dig. 13, tit. 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

(Vaccenses) compositis inter se rebus in diem tertiam constituunt,

Sall. J. 66, 2:

sic constituunt, sic condicunt,

Tac. G. 11; Juv. 6, 487.— Pass. impers.:

Avillius, ut erat constitutum, simulat se aegrotare,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37.—

Trop.:

constituendi sunt qui sint in amicitiā fines deligendi,

Cic. Lael. 16, 56:

si forte quaereretur quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungerem, etc. (for which, soon after, definire),

id. de Or. 1, 48, 210; cf. C. 1. supra, and Quint. 12, 1, 1:

nondum satis constitui molestiaene plus an voluptatis attulerit mihi Trebatius noster,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1:

ut constitueret, honestum esse aliquid quod, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 3, 9:

bona possessa non esse constitui,

id. Quint. 29, 89:

de hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium retulit,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1.—

With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine.

With inf.:

si quis mare Neptunum Cereremque vocare Constituit fruges,

Lucr. 2, 656:

cohortes duas in Nantuatibus collocare,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

bellum cum Germanis gerere,

id. ib. 4, 6:

Romanorum adventum exspectare atque ibi decertare,

id. ib. 4, 19:

desciscere a rege,

Nep. Dat. 5, 5.—

With acc. and inf.:

audio constitutum esse Pompeio et ejus consilio in Siciliam me mittere,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 4. —

With interrog.-clause:

quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret, Aristides delectus est, qui constitueret,

Nep. Arist. 3, 1. —

With ut:

rus uti irem, jam heri constitueram,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:

constitueram, ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:

constituimus inter nos ut ambulationem conficeremus,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

Lentulus cum ceteris constituerant, uti, etc.,

Sall. C. 43, 1.—Hence, constĭtūtus, a, um, P. a.

Adj. (acc. to B.), constituted, arranged, disposed:

bene constitutum corpus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 17:

viri sapientes et bene naturā constituti,

id. Sest. 65, 137:

quotus quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ita animo ac vitā constitutus, ut ratio postulat,

id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

qui integri sunt et sani et bene constituti de rebus domesticis,

id. Sest. 45, 97.—

(Acc. to C.) Fixed, established:

cursus siderum,

Quint. 1, 10, 46:

discrimina (opp. fortuita),

id. 5, 10, 42:

jam confirmatae constitutaeque vocis,

id. 11, 3, 29.—

Subst.: constĭtūtum, i, n.

(Acc. to B.) An institution, ordinance, law (mostly postclass.), Cod. Th. 1, 11, 5; 12, 41, 1.—

Trop.:

cum videas ordinem rerum et naturam per constituta procedere,

according to established laws, Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 2.—

(Acc. to D. 1. b.) An agreement, appointment, accommodation; a compact (in good prose):

ante rem quaeruntur, quae talia sunt, apparatus, conloquia, locus, constitutum, convivium,

Cic. Top. 12, 52; so absol., id. Att. 11, 16, 2; id. Cael. 8, 20:

rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere,

id. Att. 12, 23, 3:

constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, etc.,

id. Cael. 25, 61; and humorously: si quod constitutum cum podagra habes, fac ut in alium diem differas, id. Fam. 7, 4; so,

ad constitutum venire,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1; Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:

se proripu it,

Suet. Oth. 6;

and without a verb,

Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; Flor. 2, 6, 16 (but in Vell. 2, 110, 1, the better read. is consili).