quo-que

dēnĭquē, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. dēnĭ, locative of de, and que].

Orig. denoting succession in time, and thereupon, and then, in the sequel.

In gen. (rare—for syn. cf.:

tum, demum, tandem, postremo): omnes negabant... denique hercle jam pudebat,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8:

risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 42:

ille imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 64:

ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory formula:

quid denique agitis?

and what did you do then? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,

Pregn., ending a period, at last, at length; lastly, finally:

boat caelum fremitu virum... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120:

nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasuru 'st denique,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71:

Nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

quid jam misero mihi denique restat?

id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—

Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or tandem:

boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

Cic. Sest. 47:

victus denique ad postremum est,

Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et tandem denique devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—

Sometimes of that which happens after a long delay = tandem:

quae (sc. urbana) ego diu ignorans, ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. denique cognovi,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8:

aliquam mihi partem hodie operae des denique, jam tandem ades ilico,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—

With the particles tum, nunc, or an abl. of time (nearly = demum), just. precisely:

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39:

qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum denique, si necessitate cogentur? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6;

so tum denique,

id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.;

and separated,

id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.:

tantum accessit, ut mihi nunc denique amare videar, antea dilexisse,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13:

ne is, de cujus officio nemo umquam dubitavit, sexagesimo denique anno dedecore notetur,

id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—

Like demum with pronouns, to give emphasis:

si qua metu dempto casta est, ea denique casta est,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3:

is enim denique honos mihi videri solet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.:

eo denique,

Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—

With vix (like vix demum):

posita vix denique mensa,

Ov. Her. 16, 215.—

Transf., in enumerations.

Like dein (deinde) followed by postremo, or ad postremum (rare):

denique sequitur... postremo si est, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

primum illis cum Lucanis bellum fuit.. Denique Alexander rex Epiri.. cum omnibus copiis ab his deletus est.. ad postremum Agathocles, etc.,

Just. 23, 1, 15. —

Pregn., to introduce the last of a series, finally, lastly, in fine (the usual meaning of the word; cf.:

postremo, novissime, ad extremum): consilium ceperunt... ut nomen hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent... denique ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: cur etiam secundo proelio aliquos ex suis amitteret? cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se meritos milites? [p. 546] cur denique fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2:

aut denique,

Cic. Arch, 6, 12:

qui denique,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

tum denique,

Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.:

cum de moribus, de virtutibus, denique de republica disputet (Socrates),

Cic. Rep. 1, 10:

mathematici, poetae, musici, medici denique, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 3, 7:

denique etiam,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

primum omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: deinde magnos animos esse in bonis viris..: deos denique immortales. auxilium esse laturos,

id. Cat. 2, 9.—

Freq. in ascending to a climax, or to a higher or more general expression, in a word, in fine, in short, briefly, even, in fact, indeed:

quis hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit?

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

nemo bonus, nemo denique civis est, qui, etc.,

id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.:

pernegabo atque obdurabo, perjurabo denique,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.:

numquam tam mane egredior, neque tam vesperi domum revortor, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere denique, Heaut. 1, 1, 15: quod malum majus, seu tantum denique?

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2:

ne nummi pereant, aut pyga aut denique fama,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 133:

haec denique ejus fuit postrema oratio,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. emphatic with ipse:

arma, tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam industria vicerat,

Sall. J. 76:

hoc denique ipso die,

Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, prius flamma, prius denique omnia, quam, etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.:

quidquid denique,

Cels. 2, 28, 1.—

In post-Aug. prose (esp. in the jurists), to denote an inference, in consequence, therefore, accordingly:

hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est: denique non solita sacra Philippus illa die fecit, etc.,

Just. 9, 4, 1:

pulcherrima Campaniae plaga est: nihil mollius caelo: denique bis floribus vernat,

Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a decision for a position assumed:

denique Scaevola ait, etc.,

Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14:

exstat quidem exemplum ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) caecus: Appius denique Claudius caecus consiliis publicis intererat,

ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In class. usage denique includes the connective -que;

once in Plaut. and often in late Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: atque hoc denique,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18:

aurum, argentum, et denique aliae res,

Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.

* * *

* * *

ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).

Lit.

In gen., constr.

With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:

neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,

Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:

adeamne ad eam?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:

ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:

adibam ad istum fundum,

Cic. Caec. 29 —

With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—

Absol.:

adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:

eccum video: adibo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—

With acc.:

ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,

Ov. M. 13, 465:

voces aetherias adiere domos,

Sil. 6, 253:

castrorum vias,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

municipia,

id. ib. 39:

provinciam,

Suet. Aug. 47:

non poterant adire eum,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:

Graios sales carmine patrio,

to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:

planioribus aditu locis,

places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:

quoquam,

Sall. J. 14:

huc,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—

Esp.,

To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:

quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:

aliquot me adierunt,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:

adii te heri de filia,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:

ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10:

coram adire et alloqui,

Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:

aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,

when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

neque praetores adiri possent,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:

per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:

acced. ad aras,

Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:

ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27:

adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:

aras,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

sedes deorum,

Tib. 1, 5, 39:

libros Sibyllinos,

to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:

oracula,

Verg. A. 7, 82.—

To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:

oppida castellaque munita,

Sall. J. 94:

hiberna,

Tac. H. 1, 52.—

To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:

aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,

Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:

nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,

Verg. A. 5, 379:

Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,

Sil. 9, 272.

Fig.

To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):

nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:

tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,

Cic. Brut. 90:

adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ad extremum periculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:

periculum capitis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:

laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,

id. Off. 1, 19:

in adeundis periculis,

id. ib. 24; cf.:

adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,

id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:

omnem fortunam,

Liv. 25, 10:

dedecus,

Tac. A. 1, 39:

servitutem voluntariam,

id. G. 24:

invidiam,

id. A. 4, 70:

gaudia,

Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:

cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;

hence also: adire nomen,

to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—

Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):

eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.

ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).

In the ante-class. per.,

To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.

Of space:

surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,

fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):

postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—

Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:

merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:

nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:

atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,

Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—

For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:

adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?

Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:

gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,

in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—

(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:

adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,

besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—

(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:

id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:

id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:

adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):

atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—

In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:

jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.

To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,

To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:

adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:

neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,

Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:

et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:

adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:

usque adeo turbatur,

even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:

adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:

adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:

non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,

Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:

verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—

Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,

that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:

adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?

Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:

apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,

Liv. 30, 34, 5. —

Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,

Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;

ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,

you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:

haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,

even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:

id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:

ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,

And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:

ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:

Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,

Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:

teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,

Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;

and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):

tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:

ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:

nec me adeo fallit,

Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:

atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:

ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:

ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,

Sil. 14, 487.—

With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:

nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,

unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—

With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:

inde adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

hinc adeo,

Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:

vix adeo,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

non adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —

With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:

quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!

how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:

trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,

three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:

quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,

very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—

With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:

sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,

Plaut. Am. prol. 71:

si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:

mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,

or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:

ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—

With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:

propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—

Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:

nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,

so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

nec sum adeo informis,

nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:

nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,

Suet. Aug. 65:

et merito adeo,

and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:

etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,

do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—

To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.

adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,

and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:

haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,

Verg. A. 7, 427.

After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).

For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:

cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,

Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—

When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):

haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,

thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:

adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,

id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:

adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,

Verg. G. 2, 272.—

In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—

With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):

hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,

still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:

ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,

still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:

favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,

who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

ăd-huc, adv.

Prop., of place, to this place, hitherto, thus far (designating the limit, inclusive of the whole space traversed: hence often joined with usque; cf.

ad, A. 1. B.): conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

thus far, to this point, the statements of both agree, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

adhuc ea dixi, causa cur Zenoni non fuisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16:

his oris, quas angulo Baeticae adhuc usque perstrinximus,

Mel. 3, 6, 1.—Hence, in the desig. of measure or degree, so far, to such a degree:

et ipse Caesar erat adhuc impudens, qui exercitum et provinciam invito senatu teneret,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 4; so Liv. 21, 18, 4; Quint. 2, 19, 2; 8, 5, 20.—More frequently,

Transf.

Of time, until now, hitherto, as yet (designating the limit, together with the period already passed; cf.

ad, 1. B.): res adhuc quidem hercle in tuto est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 48:

celabitur itidem ut celata adhuc est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

ille vidit non modo, quot fuissent adhuc philosophorum de summo bono, sed quot omnino esse possent sententiae,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16:

haec adhuc (sc. acta sunt): sed ad praeterita revertamur,

id. Att. 5, 20; so ib. 3, 14 fin.; 5, 17, 46; id. Agr. 3, 1, 1:

Britanni, qui adhuc pugnae expertes,

Tac. Agr. 37; so Curt. 7, 7, 8 al.—With usque or semper:

usque adhuc actum est probe,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 107; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 14; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; id. Ad. 4, 4, 23; 5, 4, 5; id. Hec. 4, 1, 29; Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119.—With dum in subordinate propositions, for the purpose of more accurate desig. of time:

quae adhuc te carens, dum hic fui, sustentabam,

what I have endured during the whole time that I have been here, until now, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 4:

adhuc dum mihi nullo loco deesse vis, numquam te confirmare potuisti,

Cic. Fam. 16, 4; so ib. 18.—Hence the adverbial expression (occurring once in Plautus): adhuc locorum, until now, hitherto: ut adhuc locorum feci, faciam sedulo, Capt. 2, 3, 25.— Adhuc denotes not merely a limitation of time in the present, but also, though more rarely, like usque eo and ad id tempus, and the Engl. as yet, in the past:

adhuc haec erant, ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4:

Abraham vero adhuc stabat,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 22:

unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam,

Cic. Att. 7, 2:

cum adhuc sustinuisset multos dies,

Vulg. Act. 18, 18:

scripsi etiam illud quodam in libello... disertos me cognōsse nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem,

id. de Or. 1, 21:

una adhuc victoria Carus Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45.—

Adhuc non, or neque adhuc, not as yet, not to this time: nihil adhuc, nothing as yet, or not at all as yet: numquam adhuc, never as yet, never yet:

cupidissimi veniendi maximis injuriis affecti, adhuc non venerunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, 65:

me adhuc non legisse turpe utrique nostrum est,

id. Fam. 7, 24, 7; so id. 3, 8, 25; 6, 14; 14, 6, 2; Mart. 7, 89, 10:

cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit,

Verg. A. 11, 70:

nihil adhuc peccavit etiam,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 78:

nihil adhuc est, quod vereare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

sed quod quaeris, quando, qua, quo, nihil adhuc scimus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 4; so 9, 17, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 57; Nep. Milt. 5:

numquam etiam quicquam adhuc verborum est prolocutus perperam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 92; cf. id. Capt. 5, 2, 7.—

For etiam nunc, yet, still; to denote continuance (apparently not used by Cic.):

stertis adhuc?

are you still snoring? Pers. 3, 58;

adhuc tranquilla res est,

it is still quiet, Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 15; so id. Ad. 1, 2, 42:

Ephesi regem est consecutus fluctuantem adhuc animo,

Liv. 33, 49, 7; so 21, 43, 14; Tac. A. 1, 8, 17; id. H. 2, 44, 73; 4, 17; id. Germ. 28; Suet. Aug. 56, 69; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 1; Curt. 8, 6, 18: quinque satis fuerant; nam sex septemve libelli est nimium: quid adhuc ludere, Musa, juvat? why play still, still more, or further? Mart. 8, 3; so id. 4, 91.—

Hence also to denote that a thing is still remaining or existing:

at in veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio,

I yet find in the old comic poets, Quint. 1, 7, 22:

quippe tres adhuc legiones erant,

were still left, Tac. H. 3, 9; so id. G. 34; id. Ann. 2, 26; Mart. 7, 44, 1.—With vb. omitted:

si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem,

Verg. A. 4, 319.—

To denote that a thing has only reached a certain point, now first, just now: cum adhuc ( now for the first time) naso odos obsecutus es meo, da vicissim meo gutturi gaudium, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 9:

gangraenam vero, si nondum plane tenet, sed adhuc incipit, curare non difficillimum est,

Cels. 5, 26, 34; so Mart. 13, 102.—Hence, with deinde or aliquando following:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

senatus priusquam edicto convocaretur ad curiam concurrit, obseratisque adhuc foribus, deinde apertis, tantas mortuo gratias agit, etc.,

Suet. Tit. 11; so Tac. A. 11, 23.—

To denote that a thing had reached a certain limit before another thing happened (in prose only after Livy), still, yet, while yet:

inconditam multitudinem adhuc disjecit,

he dispersed the multitude while yet unarranged, Tac. A. 3, 42.—

For etiam, insuper, praeterea, to denote that a thing occurs beside or along with another (belonging perhaps only to popular language, hence once in Plaut., and to the post-Aug. per.), besides, further, moreover:

addam minam adhuc istic postea,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 18:

unam rem adhuc adiciam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 8:

sunt adhuc aliquae non omittendae in auro differentiae,

Plin. 33, 2, 10, § 37; so Quint. 2, 21, 6; 9, 4, 34; Val. Fl. 8, 429; Tac. A. 1, 17; id. Agr. 29; ib. 33; Flor. 1, 13, 17; Vulg. Amos, 4, 7; ib. Joan. 16, 12; ib. Heb. 11, 32.—

In later Lat. adhuc is used like etiam in the Cic. per., = eti, yet, still, for the sake of emphasis in comparisons; then, if it cnhances the comparative, it stands before it; but follows it, if that which the comp. expresses is added by way of augmentation; as, he has done a still greater thing, and he has still done a greater thing (this is the view of Hand, Turs. I. p. 166):

tum Callicles adhuc concitatior,

Quint. 2, 15, 28:

adhuc difficilior observatio est per tenores,

id. 1, 5, 22:

si marmor illi (Phidiae), si adhuc viliorem materiem obtulisses, fecisset, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 85, 34:

adhuc diligentius,

Plin. 18, 4: cui gloriae amplior [p. 36] adhuc ex opportunitate cumulus accessit, Suet. Tib. 17:

Di faveant, majora adhuc restant,

Curt. 9, 6, 23; so Quint. 10, 1, 99; Tac. G. 19; Suet. Ner. 10.

Adhuc sometimes = adeo, even (in the connection, et adhuc, -que adhuc; v. adeo, II.).

Ita res successit meliusque adhuc, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18:

Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur flumina,

Verg. A. 7, 137:

Nil parvum sapias et adhuc sublimia cures,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; so ib. 2, 2, 114; Liv. 22, 49, 10; Sen. Ep. 49, 4.—

Absol.:

gens non astuta nec callida aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentiā joci,

Tac. G. 22:

cetera similes Batavis, nisi quod ipso adhuc terrae suae solo et caelo acrius animantur,

ib. 29, 3 (cf.: ipse adeo under adeo, II., and at the end); so Stat. S. 1, 2, 55.—See more upon this word, Hand, Turs. I. pp. 156-167.

īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem ( masc. eidem, freq. in MSS. and inscrr.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 120; rarely isdem or eisdem; plur. nom. eidem; dat. and abl. eisdem; usu. contr. idem, isdem; not iidem, iisdem; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 198 sqq.), pron. [from the pronom. root I, whence is, and the demonstr. suff. dem; root of dies, day, time; hence, just, exactly, Corss. Aussp. 2, 855], the same.

In gen.:

deinde quod nos eadem Asia atque idem iste Mithridates initio belli Asiatici docuit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quam (sphaeram) ab eodem Archimede factam posuerat in templo Virtutis Marcellus idem,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

id, quod eidem Ciceroni placet,

Quint. 10, 7, 28:

jure erat semper idem vultus (Socratis),

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

idem semper vultus eademque frons,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

tu autem eodem modo omnes causas ages? aut in iisdem causis perpetuum et eundem spiritum sine ulla commutatione obtinebis?

id. Or. 31, 110:

non quod alia res esset: immo eadem,

id. Clu. 29, 80:

etiam si verbo differre videbitur, re tamen erit unum et omnibus in causis idem valebit,

id. Caecin. 21, 59:

ad causas simillimas inter se vel potius easdem,

id. Brut. 94, 324. —

In partic., idem is used,

When two predicates are referred to the same subject.

When the predicates are of the same kind it may often be rendered, at the same time, likewise, also, etc., or = is (ea, id) with quoque, etiam, simul, etc.:

cum Academico et eodem rhetore congredi conatus sum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

oratio splendida et grandis et eadem in primis faceta,

id. Brut. 79, 273:

avunculus meus, vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus,

id. N. D. 3, 32, 80:

jam M. Marcellus ille quinquies consul totum (auspicium) omisit, idem imperator, idem augur optimus,

id. Div. 2, 36, 77:

ubi Xenocrates, ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit? hos enim quasi eosdem esse vultis,

id. Ac. 2, 44, 136; cf.:

viros fortes, magnanimos, eosdem bonos et simplices esse volumus,

id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

Caninius idem et idem noster cum ad me pervesperi venisset, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 1:

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

a second self, id. Lael. 21, 80:

ad idem semper exspectandum paratior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 53:

nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,

Sall. C. 20, 5; cf.:

quos omnes eadem odisse, eadem metuere in unum coeëgit,

id. J. 31, 14:

Hisdem diebus, for eisdem,

Pall. 10, 13:

hic finis belli,... idemque finis regni,

Liv. 45, 9, 2; 2, 12, 2:

quae ab condita urbe Roma ad captam urbem eandem Romani... gessere,

id. 6, 1, 1:

ut pars militum gladiatores, qui e servitio Blaesi erant, pars ceteram ejusdem familiam vincirent,

Tac. A. 1, 23:

erepta mihi prius eorundem matre,

Quint. 6 prooem. 4:

fervida aestas, longinqua itinera sola ducis patientia mitigabantur, eodem plura quam gregario milite tolerante,

Tac. A. 14, 24.—

When the predicates are in contrast with one another it may be rendered, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary:

(Epicurus) cum optimam et praestantissimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, § 121; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 14.—

Esp.

Connected or corresp. with the pronouns ego, tu, hic, ille, iste, qui, and with unus:

idem ego ille (non enim mihi videor insolenter gloriari, etc.) idem inquam ego recreavi afflictos animos, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

ego idem, qui, etc.,

id. Or. 7, 23; cf.:

habitae sunt multae de me contiones... habuit de eodem me P. Lentulus consul contionem,

id. Sest. 50, 107:

cedo nunc ejusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem,

id. ib. §

108: de me eodem,

id. ib. 51, 109:

quin tu igitur concedis idem, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 39 fin. Mos.; cf.:

cognoram te in custodia salutis meae diligentem: eundemque te, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 1, 1:

Sopater quidam fuit, etc.... huic eidem Sopatro eidem inimici ad C. Verrem ejusdem rei nomen detulerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68:

cum est idem hic Sopater absolutus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 29, §

70: hoc idem facere,

id. Rep. 1, 35:

ab hisce eisdem permotionibus,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

idem ille tyrannus,

id. Rep. 1, 42:

in eisdem illis locis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56:

eandem illam (sphaeram),

id. Rep. 1, 14:

eum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

idem iste Mithridates,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19 (Klotz, Orell., B. and K.;

older edd., idem ipse): musici qui erant quondam idem poëtae,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 174; cf.:

beneficentia, quam eandem benignitatem appellari licet,

id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

quod idem in ceteris artibus non fit,

id. Fin. 3, 7, 24 fin.:

exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit,

id. Div. 2, 47, 97:

in qua (causa) omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14; cf.

in an inverted order: ut verset saepe multis modis eandem et unam rem,

id. Or. 40, 137:

neque ego aliter accepi: intellexi tamen idem, non existimasse te, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 3; id. Att. 3, 12, 1; 8, 3, 3.—

As a word of comparison, with et, ac, que, ut, qui ( quae, quod), quam, quasi, cum, or (mostly poet.) with the dat., the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as, etc.:

si quaeratur, idemne sit pertinacia et perseverantia,

Cic. Top. 23, 87: videmus fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time and as well as, id. Or. 7, 22; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51:

imperii nostri terrarumque idem est extremum,

id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; cf. id. Cael. 28, 67:

disputationem habitam non quasi narrantes exponimus, sed eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9:

idem abeunt, qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

quoniam earum rerum quas ego gessi, non est eadem fortuna atque condicio, quae illorum qui, etc.,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

non quo idem sit servulus quod familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

qui (servi) et moribus eisdem essent, quibus dominus, et eodem genere ac loco nati,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

eandem constituit potestatem quam si, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 12, 30:

eodem loco res est, quasi ea pecunia legata non esset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf.:

sensu amisso fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino,

id. Lael. 4, 14.—With cum:

tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

hunc eodem mecum patre genitum, etc.,

Tac. A. 15, 2:

in eadem mecum Africa geniti fides,

Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14.—With dat.:

(Homerus) Sceptra potitus, eadem aliis sopitu' quiete est,

Lucr. 3, 1038; cf.:

invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,

Hor. A. P. 467; so Ov. M. 13, 50; id. Am. 1, 4, 1 al.:

quod non idem illis censuissemus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 3; Just. 2, 4, 10:

ille eadem nobis juratus in arma,

Ov. M. 13, 50.—In neutr. with gen.:

si idem nos juris haberemus quod ceteri,

Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

tibi idem consilii do, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

omnes qui ubique idem operis efficiunt,

Lact. 5, 4, 1:

non habet officii lucifer omnis idem,

Ov. F. 1, 46.— Advv.: eādem, eodem, v. h. v.

īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem ( masc. eidem, freq. in MSS. and inscrr.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 120; rarely isdem or eisdem; plur. nom. eidem; dat. and abl. eisdem; usu. contr. idem, isdem; not iidem, iisdem; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 198 sqq.), pron. [from the pronom. root I, whence is, and the demonstr. suff. dem; root of dies, day, time; hence, just, exactly, Corss. Aussp. 2, 855], the same.

In gen.:

deinde quod nos eadem Asia atque idem iste Mithridates initio belli Asiatici docuit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quam (sphaeram) ab eodem Archimede factam posuerat in templo Virtutis Marcellus idem,

id. Rep. 1, 14:

id, quod eidem Ciceroni placet,

Quint. 10, 7, 28:

jure erat semper idem vultus (Socratis),

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

idem semper vultus eademque frons,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

tu autem eodem modo omnes causas ages? aut in iisdem causis perpetuum et eundem spiritum sine ulla commutatione obtinebis?

id. Or. 31, 110:

non quod alia res esset: immo eadem,

id. Clu. 29, 80:

etiam si verbo differre videbitur, re tamen erit unum et omnibus in causis idem valebit,

id. Caecin. 21, 59:

ad causas simillimas inter se vel potius easdem,

id. Brut. 94, 324. —

In partic., idem is used,

When two predicates are referred to the same subject.

When the predicates are of the same kind it may often be rendered, at the same time, likewise, also, etc., or = is (ea, id) with quoque, etiam, simul, etc.:

cum Academico et eodem rhetore congredi conatus sum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

oratio splendida et grandis et eadem in primis faceta,

id. Brut. 79, 273:

avunculus meus, vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus,

id. N. D. 3, 32, 80:

jam M. Marcellus ille quinquies consul totum (auspicium) omisit, idem imperator, idem augur optimus,

id. Div. 2, 36, 77:

ubi Xenocrates, ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit? hos enim quasi eosdem esse vultis,

id. Ac. 2, 44, 136; cf.:

viros fortes, magnanimos, eosdem bonos et simplices esse volumus,

id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

Caninius idem et idem noster cum ad me pervesperi venisset, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 1:

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

a second self, id. Lael. 21, 80:

ad idem semper exspectandum paratior,

id. Off. 2, 15, 53:

nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,

Sall. C. 20, 5; cf.:

quos omnes eadem odisse, eadem metuere in unum coeëgit,

id. J. 31, 14:

Hisdem diebus, for eisdem,

Pall. 10, 13:

hic finis belli,... idemque finis regni,

Liv. 45, 9, 2; 2, 12, 2:

quae ab condita urbe Roma ad captam urbem eandem Romani... gessere,

id. 6, 1, 1:

ut pars militum gladiatores, qui e servitio Blaesi erant, pars ceteram ejusdem familiam vincirent,

Tac. A. 1, 23:

erepta mihi prius eorundem matre,

Quint. 6 prooem. 4:

fervida aestas, longinqua itinera sola ducis patientia mitigabantur, eodem plura quam gregario milite tolerante,

Tac. A. 14, 24.—

When the predicates are in contrast with one another it may be rendered, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary:

(Epicurus) cum optimam et praestantissimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, § 121; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 14.—

Esp.

Connected or corresp. with the pronouns ego, tu, hic, ille, iste, qui, and with unus:

idem ego ille (non enim mihi videor insolenter gloriari, etc.) idem inquam ego recreavi afflictos animos, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:

ego idem, qui, etc.,

id. Or. 7, 23; cf.:

habitae sunt multae de me contiones... habuit de eodem me P. Lentulus consul contionem,

id. Sest. 50, 107:

cedo nunc ejusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem,

id. ib. §

108: de me eodem,

id. ib. 51, 109:

quin tu igitur concedis idem, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 39 fin. Mos.; cf.:

cognoram te in custodia salutis meae diligentem: eundemque te, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 1, 1:

Sopater quidam fuit, etc.... huic eidem Sopatro eidem inimici ad C. Verrem ejusdem rei nomen detulerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68:

cum est idem hic Sopater absolutus,

id. ib. 2, 2, 29, §

70: hoc idem facere,

id. Rep. 1, 35:

ab hisce eisdem permotionibus,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

idem ille tyrannus,

id. Rep. 1, 42:

in eisdem illis locis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56:

eandem illam (sphaeram),

id. Rep. 1, 14:

eum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

idem iste Mithridates,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19 (Klotz, Orell., B. and K.;

older edd., idem ipse): musici qui erant quondam idem poëtae,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 174; cf.:

beneficentia, quam eandem benignitatem appellari licet,

id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

quod idem in ceteris artibus non fit,

id. Fin. 3, 7, 24 fin.:

exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit,

id. Div. 2, 47, 97:

in qua (causa) omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14; cf.

in an inverted order: ut verset saepe multis modis eandem et unam rem,

id. Or. 40, 137:

neque ego aliter accepi: intellexi tamen idem, non existimasse te, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 3; id. Att. 3, 12, 1; 8, 3, 3.—

As a word of comparison, with et, ac, que, ut, qui ( quae, quod), quam, quasi, cum, or (mostly poet.) with the dat., the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as, etc.:

si quaeratur, idemne sit pertinacia et perseverantia,

Cic. Top. 23, 87: videmus fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time and as well as, id. Or. 7, 22; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51:

imperii nostri terrarumque idem est extremum,

id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; cf. id. Cael. 28, 67:

disputationem habitam non quasi narrantes exponimus, sed eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9:

idem abeunt, qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

quoniam earum rerum quas ego gessi, non est eadem fortuna atque condicio, quae illorum qui, etc.,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

non quo idem sit servulus quod familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

qui (servi) et moribus eisdem essent, quibus dominus, et eodem genere ac loco nati,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

eandem constituit potestatem quam si, etc.,

id. Agr. 2, 12, 30:

eodem loco res est, quasi ea pecunia legata non esset,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf.:

sensu amisso fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino,

id. Lael. 4, 14.—With cum:

tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

hunc eodem mecum patre genitum, etc.,

Tac. A. 15, 2:

in eadem mecum Africa geniti fides,

Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14.—With dat.:

(Homerus) Sceptra potitus, eadem aliis sopitu' quiete est,

Lucr. 3, 1038; cf.:

invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti,

Hor. A. P. 467; so Ov. M. 13, 50; id. Am. 1, 4, 1 al.:

quod non idem illis censuissemus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 3; Just. 2, 4, 10:

ille eadem nobis juratus in arma,

Ov. M. 13, 50.—In neutr. with gen.:

si idem nos juris haberemus quod ceteri,

Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

tibi idem consilii do, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

omnes qui ubique idem operis efficiunt,

Lact. 5, 4, 1:

non habet officii lucifer omnis idem,

Ov. F. 1, 46.— Advv.: eādem, eodem, v. h. v.

quĭris or cŭris [Sabine], a spear:

sive quod hasta curis (al. quiris) est dicta Sabinis,

Ov. F. 2, 477.

Quĭrīs, ītis, and mostly plur., Quĭ-rītes, tĭum (or tum, Aus. Prof. 22, 9), m. [Cures].

Originally, the inhabitants of the Sabine town Cures, the Quirites (very rare):

prisci Quirites,

Verg. A. 7, 710 Serv.: veteres illi Sabini Quirites, Col. praef. § 19. —After the Sabines and the Romans had united in one community, under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition to that of Romani, the Romans calling themselves, in a civil capacity, Quirites, while, in a political and military capacity, they retained the name of Romani: post foedus Titi (Tatii) et Romuli placuit, ut quasi unus de duobus fieret populus. Unde et Romani Quirites dicti sunt, quod nomen Sabinorum fuerat a civitate Curibus;

et Sabini a Romulo Romani dicti sunt,

Serv. Verg. A. 7, 710; cf. Liv. 1, 13.— Joined with populus Romanus, the technical expression is usually POPVLVS ROMANVS QVIRITIVM, qs. the Roman commonwealth of Quirite citizens, the Roman nation of Quirites; but not unfreq. also in apposition: POPVLO ROMANO QVIRITIBVS (like homines prisci Latini, and populus priscorum Latinorum): QVOD BONVM FORTVNATVM FELIXQVE SALVTAREQVE SIET POPVLO ROMANO QVIRITIVM, REIQVE PVBLICAE POPVLI ROMANI QVIRITIVM... OMNES QVIRITES, PEDITES ARMATOS PRIVATOSQVE VOCA INLICIVM HVC AD ME, Tab. Censor. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Müll.:

populo Romano Quiritium,

Liv. 8, 9; 41, 16:

populus Romanus Quiritium,

id. 1, 32:

populi Romani Quiritium,

id. 1, 24; 32; 10, 28; 22, 10 al.— In the other form: POPVLD ROMANO QVIRITIBVS, Inscr. Marin. Fratr. [p. 1516] Arv. tab. 24, 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 41, 2, 24; so, an ancient formula ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14, acc. to the MSS.; so,

too,

id. 10, 24, 3; Macr. S. 1, 4 fin. —We rarely meet with the form populo Romano Quiritibusque, Liv. 8, 6 (al. om. que); cf.

Paul. ex Fest. s. v. dici, p. 67 Müll.: devovisse eos se pro patriā Quiritibusque Romanis,

Liv. 5, 41:

Quiritium Romanorum exercitus,

id. 26, 2:

factum hoc populi Romain Quiritibus ostentum Cimbricis bellis,

to the citizens of the Roman nation, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132.—

It was a reproach for soldiers to be addressed as Quirites,

Tac. A. 1, 42; Suet. Caes. 70; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 52 sq.; Luc. 5, 358:

Quiritium fossae dicuntur, quibus Ancus Marcius circumdedit urbem, quam secundum ostium Tiberis posuit, ex quo etiam Ostiam, et quia populi opera eas faceret, appellavit Quiritium,

Fest. p. 254 Müll.: jus Quiritium, full Roman citizenship:

ago gratias, domine, quod et jus Quiritium libertis necessariae mihi feminae, et civitatem Romanam Harpocrati iatraliptae meo indulsisti,

Plin. Ep. 10, 6 (22), 1:

Latinis jus Quiritium (constituit),

Suet. Claud. 19: Latini jus Quiritium consequuntur his modis, beneficio principali, etc., Ulp. Reg. tit. 4, de Latinis.— Sing.: Quiris (also Quiritis, acc. to Prisc. p. 633 P.), a Roman citizen, a Quirite: ollus Quiris Leto datus, an ancient formula in Fest. p. 254 Müll.:

dona Quiritis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 7:

reddere jura Quiriti,

Ov. M. 14, 823:

minimum de plebe Quiritem,

id. Am. 1, 7, 29; Juv. 8, 47: quibus una Quiritem Vertigo facit, makes a Roman citizen, sets free (for in the ceremony of manumission the slave was turned around), Pers. 5, 75:

quis te redonavit Quiritem Dis patriis?

an uninjured Roman citizen, Hor. C. 2, 7, 3:

epulis repleto Quirite, i. e. populo Romano,

Claud. Carm. 12, 16:

Romani more Quiritis, i. e. civis,

Luc. 2, 386: Quiris Eoüs, an eastern Roman, i. e. an inhabitant of Constantinople, Sid. Carm. 1, 31.— In fem.:

Q. TVLLIVS Q. F. PONTIFEX SACR. IVNONIS QVIRITIS,

Inscr. Grut. 308, 1. —

( Poet. transf.) Of bees, citizens, commonalty:

ipsae regem, parvosque Quirites Sufficiunt,

Verg. G. 4, 201.

quĭris or cŭris [Sabine], a spear:

sive quod hasta curis (al. quiris) est dicta Sabinis,

Ov. F. 2, 477.

Quĭrīs, ītis, and mostly plur., Quĭ-rītes, tĭum (or tum, Aus. Prof. 22, 9), m. [Cures].

Originally, the inhabitants of the Sabine town Cures, the Quirites (very rare):

prisci Quirites,

Verg. A. 7, 710 Serv.: veteres illi Sabini Quirites, Col. praef. § 19. —After the Sabines and the Romans had united in one community, under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition to that of Romani, the Romans calling themselves, in a civil capacity, Quirites, while, in a political and military capacity, they retained the name of Romani: post foedus Titi (Tatii) et Romuli placuit, ut quasi unus de duobus fieret populus. Unde et Romani Quirites dicti sunt, quod nomen Sabinorum fuerat a civitate Curibus;

et Sabini a Romulo Romani dicti sunt,

Serv. Verg. A. 7, 710; cf. Liv. 1, 13.— Joined with populus Romanus, the technical expression is usually POPVLVS ROMANVS QVIRITIVM, qs. the Roman commonwealth of Quirite citizens, the Roman nation of Quirites; but not unfreq. also in apposition: POPVLO ROMANO QVIRITIBVS (like homines prisci Latini, and populus priscorum Latinorum): QVOD BONVM FORTVNATVM FELIXQVE SALVTAREQVE SIET POPVLO ROMANO QVIRITIVM, REIQVE PVBLICAE POPVLI ROMANI QVIRITIVM... OMNES QVIRITES, PEDITES ARMATOS PRIVATOSQVE VOCA INLICIVM HVC AD ME, Tab. Censor. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Müll.:

populo Romano Quiritium,

Liv. 8, 9; 41, 16:

populus Romanus Quiritium,

id. 1, 32:

populi Romani Quiritium,

id. 1, 24; 32; 10, 28; 22, 10 al.— In the other form: POPVLD ROMANO QVIRITIBVS, Inscr. Marin. Fratr. [p. 1516] Arv. tab. 24, 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 41, 2, 24; so, an ancient formula ap. Gell. 1, 12, 14, acc. to the MSS.; so,

too,

id. 10, 24, 3; Macr. S. 1, 4 fin. —We rarely meet with the form populo Romano Quiritibusque, Liv. 8, 6 (al. om. que); cf.

Paul. ex Fest. s. v. dici, p. 67 Müll.: devovisse eos se pro patriā Quiritibusque Romanis,

Liv. 5, 41:

Quiritium Romanorum exercitus,

id. 26, 2:

factum hoc populi Romain Quiritibus ostentum Cimbricis bellis,

to the citizens of the Roman nation, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132.—

It was a reproach for soldiers to be addressed as Quirites,

Tac. A. 1, 42; Suet. Caes. 70; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 52 sq.; Luc. 5, 358:

Quiritium fossae dicuntur, quibus Ancus Marcius circumdedit urbem, quam secundum ostium Tiberis posuit, ex quo etiam Ostiam, et quia populi opera eas faceret, appellavit Quiritium,

Fest. p. 254 Müll.: jus Quiritium, full Roman citizenship:

ago gratias, domine, quod et jus Quiritium libertis necessariae mihi feminae, et civitatem Romanam Harpocrati iatraliptae meo indulsisti,

Plin. Ep. 10, 6 (22), 1:

Latinis jus Quiritium (constituit),

Suet. Claud. 19: Latini jus Quiritium consequuntur his modis, beneficio principali, etc., Ulp. Reg. tit. 4, de Latinis.— Sing.: Quiris (also Quiritis, acc. to Prisc. p. 633 P.), a Roman citizen, a Quirite: ollus Quiris Leto datus, an ancient formula in Fest. p. 254 Müll.:

dona Quiritis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 7:

reddere jura Quiriti,

Ov. M. 14, 823:

minimum de plebe Quiritem,

id. Am. 1, 7, 29; Juv. 8, 47: quibus una Quiritem Vertigo facit, makes a Roman citizen, sets free (for in the ceremony of manumission the slave was turned around), Pers. 5, 75:

quis te redonavit Quiritem Dis patriis?

an uninjured Roman citizen, Hor. C. 2, 7, 3:

epulis repleto Quirite, i. e. populo Romano,

Claud. Carm. 12, 16:

Romani more Quiritis, i. e. civis,

Luc. 2, 386: Quiris Eoüs, an eastern Roman, i. e. an inhabitant of Constantinople, Sid. Carm. 1, 31.— In fem.:

Q. TVLLIVS Q. F. PONTIFEX SACR. IVNONIS QVIRITIS,

Inscr. Grut. 308, 1. —

( Poet. transf.) Of bees, citizens, commonalty:

ipsae regem, parvosque Quirites Sufficiunt,

Verg. G. 4, 201.

usquĕ, adv. [us- for ubs-, from ubi with locative s; and que for qued, old abl. of quis; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 471; 838; cf.: quisque, usquam].

Lit., all the way to or from any limit of space, time, etc. (cf.: fine, tenus); of place, all the way, right on, without interruption, continuously, constantly.

With prepositions.

With ab:

qui a fundamento mihi usque movisti mare,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 55:

usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

Cic. Clu. 68, 192:

ex omnibus spectaculis usque a Capitolio plausus excitatus,

id. Sest. 58, 124:

usque a rubro mari,

Nep. Hann. 2, 1.— Poet.:

Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno,

Verg. A. 7, 289 (sometimes as one word, v. abusque).—

With ex:

usque ex ultimā Syriā atque Aegypto navigare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 60, § 157. —

With ad:

usque a Dianio ad Sinopen navigaverunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

usque ad Iconium,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

ab Atticā ad Thessaliam usque,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:

usque ad Numantiam misit,

Cic. Dejot. 7, 19:

usque ad castra hostium accessit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51 ( poet. and post-Aug. ad usque; often as one word, v. adusque).—

With in and acc.:

cum ad eum usque in Pamphyliam legatos misissent,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

portūs usque in sinūs oppidis et ad urbis crepidines infusi,

id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.—

With trans:

trans Alpes usque transfertur,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12.—

With sub and acc.:

admōrunt oculis usque sub ora faces,

Ov. Ib. 240 (236).—

With adverbs of place:

quod eos usque istinc exauditos putem,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4.—

Esp., with quaque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque; v. II. A. 3. e. and II. B. 3. infra), everywhere: non usque quaque idoneum invenias locum, ubi, etc., Afran. ap. Non. p. 518, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 198 Rib.):

immo vero, quom usquequaque umbra'st, tamen Sol semper hic est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:

mari terrāque illas usque quaque quaeritat,

id. Poen. prol. 105:

aut undique religionem tolle, aut usque quaque conserva,

Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 110:

effugere non est, Flacce, basiatores. Instant... occurrunt, et hinc et illinc, usquequaque, quacunque,

Mart. 11, 98, 3; cf.:

QVAQVE VSQVE,

Inscr. Grut. 611, 13.—

With acc. of the place whither, all the way to, as far as, to.

With names of towns (class.; acc. to Reisig. Vorles. p. 216, usque ad Numantiam means all the way to the town, i. e. to its walls or gates: usque Numantiam, all the way to or into it, implying entrance of the town; cf.

the passages cited infra): theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

Miletum usque? obsecro,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21.—

With other names than those of towns (post-Aug.):

ab hac (sc. Siciliā) Cretam usque Siculum (mare) vocat,

Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75:

imperium usque extremos Orientis terminos prolatum,

Just. 7, 1, 4:

terminos usque Libyae,

id. 1, 1, 5:

ab Atticā Thessaliam usque,

Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:

ab eo usque Jovem,

id. 2, 22, 20, § 84:

horrendus ab astris Descendit vos usque fragor,

Stat. Th. 11, 89.—

Meton.

Of time, all the time, continually, perpetually, all the while from or to a period, as long or as far as, until.

With prepositions.

With ab:

mihi magna cum eo jam inde usque a pueritiā Fuit semper familiaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9:

primus esses memoriter Progeniem nostram usque ab avo proferens,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 48:

augures omnes usque a Romulo,

Cic. Vatin. 8, 20:

opinio jam usque ab heroicis ducta temporibus,

from as far back as the heroic ages, id. Div. 1, 1, 1:

usque a Thale Milesio,

id. N. D. 1, 33, 91:

bona paterna et avita et usque a nobis repetita,

id. Cael. 14, 34.—

With ad:

usque a mane ad vesperum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:

a mane ad noctem usque in foro dego diem,

id. Most. 3, 1, 3:

inde usque ad diurnam stellam crastinam potabimus,

id. Men. 1, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

ille nihil difficilius esse dicebat, quam amicitiam usque ad extremum vitae diem permanere,

id. Lael. 10, 33:

deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,

as far as, up to, id. Rep. 1, 37, 58.—

With acc. (post-Aug.):

paucae, aegre se defen dentes, usque tempora Alexandri Magni duraverunt,

Just. 2, 4, 32:

a rege Romulo usque Caesarem Augustum,

Flor. 1, prooem. 1 (al. usque in).—

With adverbs.

With inde:

pueritiae memoriam recordari ultimam, inde usque repetens, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—

With antehac:

ut animus in spe usque antehac attentus fuit, Ita, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 3.—

With adhuc:

quod occultatum'st usque adhuc nunc non potest,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10:

qui me tam leni passus animost usque adhuc facere, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 27:

cessatum usque adhuc est,

until now, hitherto, id. Ad. 4, 4, 23:

qui mos usque adhuc est retentus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35:

usque adhuc certe animum meum probastis,

Suet. Dom. 18; v. adhuc, II. A.—

With eo:

tamen usque eo se tenuit, quoad, etc.,

Cic. Dejot. 4, 11:

usque eo animadverti eum jocari,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; v. 2. eo, II. C.—

With quaque, continually, always:

Chrusalus mihi usque quaque loquitur nec recte,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 83: usque quaque sapere oportet, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; so,

usque quaque,

Cat. 39, 2; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 2; 1, 7, 5; Gell. 16, 3, 1:

usquequaque, de hoc cum dicemus,

whenever, Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1.—

Opp. nusquam: atque hoc non alienum est, quod ad multa pertineat, ne aut nusquam aut usquequaque dicatur, hic admonere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 21, 63.—

With dum:

usque dum regnum optinebit Juppiter,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 28: conplebo familiam adeo usque satietatem dum capiet pater, id. Am. 1, 2, 9:

usque id egi dudum, dum loquitur pater,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 30; Cato, R. R. 156:

mihi quidem usque curae erit, quid agas, dum, quid egeris, sciero,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3; id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 12; 2, 1, 6, § 16; Hor. C. 3, 30, 7; cf. dum, I. B. 1. b. —

With interea:

nam usque dum ille vitam colet Inopem... Interea usque illi de me supplicium dabo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84 sqq.—

With donec:

ibo odorans quasi canis venaticus Usque donec persecutus volpem ero vestigiis,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 114. —

With quoad:

usque illum, quoad ei nuntiatum esset consules descendisse, omnibus exclusis commentatum, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

dandum ordeum, usque quoad erunt lactentes,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 12.—

With adeo:

usque adeo in periculo fuisse, quoad, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 38, 82; cf. Cato, R. R. 67:

instare usque adeo, donec se adjurat,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 40; id. Rud. 3, 5, 32: usque adeo, dum, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10 sub f. supra.—

With nunc (post-class.):

nunc usque,

to this day, Amm. 14, 2, 12:

usque nunc,

Hier. Ep. 3, 87.—

In other relations.

Of extent or degree, even to, quite up to, or as far as.

Absol.:

ego vapulando, ille verberando, usque ambo defessi sumus,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 5 Fleck. (al. verberando usque, ambo:

incerta est distinctio, Don. ad loc.): poenasque dedit usque superque (= usque eo quod satis esset),

Hor. S. 1, 2, 65.—

With ad:

usque ad ravim poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

usque ad necem,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 28:

hoc malum usque ad bestias perveniat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

usque ad eum finem, dum, etc.,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; v. dum: assenserunt consules designati, omnes etiam consulares usque ad Pompeium, up to, i. e. except Pompey, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 20.—

With adeo:

undique totis Usque adeo turbatur agris,

to so great an extent, Verg. E. 1, 12.—

With terminal adverbs:

Anco regi familiaris est factus (sc. L. Tarquinius) usque eo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; v. eo, under is fin.:

usque quo non vis subici mihi?

how long? Vulg. Exod. 10, 3; cf. quousque.—

Right on, always, without stop, continuously, constantly, incessantly: Ep. Ne abeas, priusquam ego ad te venero. Ap. Usque opperiar, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 122:

Ctesipho me pugnis miserum Usque occidit,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

an usque In nostrum jacies verba superba caput?

Prop. 2, 8, 16:

cantantes licet usque, minus via laedit, eamus,

Verg. E. 9, 64; cf.:

nec vidisse semel satis est, juvat usque morari,

id. A. 6, 487:

naturam expelles furcā, tamen usque recurret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24.—Repeated:

allatres licet usque nos et usque,

Mart. 5, 60, 1:

ergo, qui prius usque et usque et usque Furum scindere podices solebam,

Auct. Priap. 78.—

Esp.: usque quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), in every thing, on every occasion:

nolite usque quaque idem quaerere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 10:

an hoc usque quaque, aliter in vitā?

id. Fin. 5, 30, 91 Madv. ad loc.:

et id usquequaque quantum sit appareat,

in each particular, id. Or. 22, 73; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 5:

religionum usque quaque contemptor, praeter unius Deae Syriae,

Suet. Ner. 56 init.

vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

telum tormentumve,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

lubidines iracundiaeve,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

si id facis facturave es,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

ne quid plus minusve faxit,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

duabus tribusve horis,

id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

alter ambove, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

id. And. 4, 4, 9:

si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—

Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

num leges nostras moresve novit?

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—

Repeated or with correl. part.

Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

Ov. M. 15, 215:

nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—

Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

Prop. 2, 1, 23.

vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

telum tormentumve,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

lubidines iracundiaeve,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

si id facis facturave es,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

ne quid plus minusve faxit,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

duabus tribusve horis,

id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

alter ambove, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

id. And. 4, 4, 9:

si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—

Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

num leges nostras moresve novit?

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—

Repeated or with correl. part.

Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

Ov. M. 15, 215:

nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—

Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

Prop. 2, 1, 23.

vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

vĕ [perh. from same root with vel, volo; but cf. Sanscr. va, or], or; leaving the choice free between two things or among several (always enclitic):

quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13:

telum tormentumve,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51; 3, 56:

lubidines iracundiaeve,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

albus aterve fueris, ignorans,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41:

si id facis facturave es,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 13:

ne quid plus minusve faxit,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne quid plus minusve, quam sit necesse, dicat,

Cic. Fl. 5, 12:

duabus tribusve horis,

id. Phil. 14, 6, 16:

Appius ad me ex itinere bis terve litteras miserat,

id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

amici regis duo tresve perdivites sunt,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3:

cum eam (quercum) tempestas vetustasve consumpserit,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

alter ambove, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 19, 53;

v. alter: aliquis unus pluresve,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet mortemve exspectet meam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 20:

eho, Mysis, puer hic unde est? quisve huc attulit?

id. And. 4, 4, 9:

si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, aut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

decretumque, ut consules sortirentur conpararentve inter se, uter, etc.,

Liv. 24, 10, 2: quae civitates habent legibus sanctum, si quis quid de re publica a finitimis rumore ac famā acceperit, uti ad magistratum deferat, neve cum quo alio communicet, or (sc. it is ordered by law) that he shall not, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 20.—

Esp. in neg. sentences, or questions implying a negat., = -que: nullum (membrum rei publicae) reperies perfecti, quod non fractum debilitatumve sit, Cic Fam. 5, 13, 3;

num leges nostras moresve novit?

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13.—

Repeated or with correl. part.

Ve... ve, either... or ( poet.):

corpora vertuntur: nec quod fuimusve sumusve, Cras erimus,

Ov. M. 15, 215:

nullaque laudetur plusve minusve mihi,

id. F. 5, 110; id. M. 11, 493:

illa tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 64.—

Ve... aut, either... or (very rare):

regnave prima Remi aut animos Carthaginis altae,

Prop. 2, 1, 23.

vē- (sometimes vae-) [perh. = Sanscr. vi-in-, vi-dha-va; Lat. vidua; but cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 3809, 135]; an inseparable particle denoting origin, out, which serves either to negative the positive idea lying in the simple word, or to strengthen a simple notion: vegrandis, small; vecors, senseless; vepallidus, very pale; ve-stigo, to search out; Vejovis, an anti-Jove; cf. Gell. 5, 12, 9 sqq.

vĕnēnum, i, n., orig., like pharmakon, any thing, esp. any liquid substance, that powerfully affects or changes the condition of the body, a potion, juice, drug (cf. virus).

In gen.: qui venenum dicit, adicere debet, utrum malum an bonum; nam et medicamenta venena sunt: quia eo nomine omne continetur, quod adhibitum naturam ejus, cui adhibitum esset, mutat. Cum id quod nos venenum appellamus, Graeci pharmakon dicunt, apud illos quoque tam medicamenta, quam quae nocent hoc nomine continentur, etc., Dig. 50, 16, 236; cf. ib. 48, 8, 3.—Obsolete, however, in this general signif.: qui venenum malum fecit fecerit, an old legal formula in Cic. Clu. 54, 148:

avaritia pecuniae studium habet: ea quasi venenis malis imbuta corpus animum que virilem effeminat,

Sall. C. 11, 3.—

In partic.

In a bad sense, like pharmakon (freq. and class.).

A potion that destroys life, poison, venom (cf. toxicum).

Lit.:

ipsius veneni quae ratio fingitur? ubi quaesitum est? quem ad modum paratum? cui, quo in loco traditum?

Cic. Cael. 24, 58; 21, 51; id. Clu. 60, 165; 61, 169; id. Phil. 11, 6, 13; id. N. D. 3, 33, 81; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

nobis veratrum est acre venenum,

Lucr. 4, 638; Verg. A. 4, 514; Hor. C. 1, 37, 28; id. Epod. 3, 5; 5, 22; id. S. 2, 3, 131:

dare,

Liv. 40, 24, 5.—

Trop., mischief, evil, destruction (rare, and not in Cic.):

discordia ordinum est venenum urbis hujus,

Liv. 3, 67, 6: regis Rupili pus atque venenum, i e. [p. 1968] virulence, Hor. S. 1, 7, 1.—Of bad poems, Cat. 44, 12; 77, 5; cf.:

humili veneno laedere aliquem,

Stat. Th. 1, 171:

venena linguarum, Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 30: lingua est suffusa veneno,

Ov. M. 2, 777.—

Lit., a magical potion, charm:

item ut Medea Peliam concoxit senem: Quem medicamento et suis venenis dicitur Fecisse rursus ex sene adulescentulum,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 81:

dira Medeae,

Hor. Epod. 5, 62:

Colcha,

id. C. 2, 13, 8:

Colchica,

id. Epod. 17, 35; Cic. Or. 37, 129; Hor. C. 1, 27, 22; id. Epod. 5, 22; 5, 87; id. S. 1, 8, 19; 2, 1, 48; Ov. M. 7, 209; 14, 55; 14, 403:

qui quodam quasi veneno perficiat, ut veros heredes moveat,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

id quod amatorium appellatur, venenum est,

Dig. 48, 8, 3.—

Trop., charm, seduction: aetas et corpus tenerum et morigeratio, Haec sunt venena formosarum mulierum, Afran. ap. Non. 2, 7:

intactos isto satius tentare veneno (i. e. amore),

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 3), 19:

blandum,

Sil. 7, 453; 11, 309:

occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno (i. e. amoris),

Verg. A. 1, 688.—

In a good sense.

A coloring material, a color, dye, paint ( poet.):

alba nec Assyrio fucatur lana veneno,

Verg. G. 2, 465; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 207; Ov. R. Am. 351.—

A drug used in embalming, Luc. 8, 691.