-
1 διώκω
A- ξω Sapph.1.21
, Pi.O.3.45, X.Cyr.6.3.13 (s. v. l.), An.1.4.8, D.38.16 codd.; but (and Elmsl. restored διώξει for - εις in Eq. 969, Nu. 1296, Th. 1224), Pl.Tht. 168a: [tense] aor. ἐδίωξα: [tense] aor. 2 ἐδιώκαθον (v. διωκάθω): [tense] pf.δεδίωχα Hyp.Lyc.16
:—[voice] Med. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.διωχθήσομαι D.S.19.95
, Polyaen.2.13; but διώξομαι in pass. sense, LXXAm.2.16, D.H.3.20: [tense] aor.ἐδιώχθην Hdt.5.73
, Antipho 2.1.3, 6, ([etym.] ἐπ-, κατ-) Th.3.69, 3.4: [tense] pf.δεδίωγμαι Ev.Matt.5.10
: (cf. (Corinthian vase); v. δίω):—cause to run, set in quick motion, opp. φεύγω:1 pursue, chase, in war or hunting,φεύγοντα διώκειν Il.22.199
, etc.: abs., , cf. Hdt.9.11:—[voice] Med., διώκεσθαί τινα πεδίοιο, δόμοιο, chase one over or across.., Il.21.602, Od.18.8.b c. acc. pers., of a lover, Sapph. l. c.; follow, X.HG1.1.13;τοὺς εὐγνώμονας Id.Mem.2.8.6
;δ. καὶ φιλεῖν τινα Pl.Tht. 168a
, cf. Ev.Luc.17.23.2 pursue an object, seek after,ἀκίχητα διώκειν Il.17.75
;σὸν μόρον δ. S.Aj. 997
;τιμὰς δ. Th.2.63
; ἡδονήν, τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ καλόν, Pl.Phdr. 251a, Grg. 480c; ἀλήθειαν ib. 482e;δικαιοσύνην Ep.Rom.9.30
;λαθραίαν Κύπριν Eub. 67.9
: prov.,τὰ πετόμενα δ. Arist.Metaph. 1009b38
;κατὰ σκοπὸν δ. Ep.Phil.3.14
; of plants, δ. τοὺς ξηροὺς τόπους seek them, Thphr. HP1.4.2; δ. τὰ συμβάντα or τὸ συμβαῖνον follow or wait for the event, D.4.39, 10.21:—[voice] Med.,διώκεσθαι τὸ πλέον ἔχειν D.H.1.87
(s. v. l.); μοῖρα διωξαμένη [αὐτούς] IG5(1).1355 ([place name] Messenia).3 pursue an argument,τὴν ἐναντίωσιν Pl.R. 454a
; also, describe,ὕμνῳ ἀρετάς Pi.I.4(3).21
;τὴν Ἡρακλέους παίδευσιν X.Mem.2.1.34
; recite,λόγον PMag.Par.1.958
, cf. 335 ([voice] Pass.).II drive or chase away, διώκω οὔτιν' ἔγωγε I don't force any one away, Od.18.409;ἐκ γῆς Hdt.9.77
; banish, Id.5.92.έ: metaph., διώκεις μ' ᾗ μάλιστ' ἐγὼ σφάλην you push or press me.., E.Supp. 156.III of the wind, drive a ship, Od.5.332; of rowers, impel, speed on her way, ῥίμφα διώκοντες (sc. τὴν νῆα) 12.182;νηῦς ῥίμφα διωκομένη 13.162
; Συριηγενὲς ἅρμα διώκων driving it, Orac. ap. Hdt.7.140, cf. A.Pers.84;ἄτρυτον δ. πόδα Id.Eu. 403
, cf. Th. 371.2 seemingly intr., drive, drive on, Il.23.344, 424; gallop, run, etc., dub. in A.Th.91 (lyr.);ἀναπηδήσαντες ἐδίωκον X.An.7.2.20
; on the march,Plu.
Caes.17: c. acc. spatii, .3 urge, impel,βέλος χερί Pi.I.8(7).35
;φόρμιγγα πλάκτρῳ Id.N.5.24
; esp. of music, δ. μοῦσαν Pratin.Lyr.5;δ. μέλος Simon. 29
:—[voice] Pass.,ὑφ' ἡδονῆς διώκομαι.. σὺν τάχει μολεῖν S.El. 871
.4 of work, urge on, carry forward,σκαφήτρους PFay.112.2
(i A. D.).5 [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. δεδιωγμένος hurried, rapid,σφυγμοί Aret.SA2.8
.IV as law-term, prosecute, ὁ διώκων the prosecutor, opp. ὁ φεύγων, the defendant, Hdt.6.82 (pl.), A.Eu. 583, etc.; ὁ διώκων τοῦ ψηφίσματος τὸ λέγειν .., he who impeaches the clause in the decree.., D.18.59;γραφὰς δ. Antipho 2.1.5
;γραφὴν δ. τινά
indict,D.
59.69;δ. εἰσαγγελίαν Hyp.Eux.9
;δ. τινὰ περὶ θανάτου X.HG7.3.6
: c. gen. criminis, accuse of.., prosecute for..,δ. τινὰ τυραννίδος Hdt. 6.104
; ;παρανόμων And.1.22
, cf.διωκάθειν; ψευδομαρτυρίων D.29.13
, etc.;δ. ἀπάτης εἵνεκεν Hdt.6.136
; φόνον τινὸς δ. avenge another's murder, E.Or. 1534 (anap.), cf. Arist.Pol. 1269a2; δίκην δ. pursue one's rights at law, D.54.41;δίκας μὴ οὔσας δ. Lys. 32.2
: c. acc. et inf., accuse one of doing, App.BC4.50:—[voice] Pass.,ὁ διωκόμενος Antipho2.1.5
;θανάτου ὑπό τινος -εσθαι X.Ap.21
; with play on 1.1, Ar.Ach. 698 sq. -
2 σπεύδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to hurry, to hasten, to strive, to exert oneself', trans. `to drive, to quicken, to ply, to aspire after'.Other forms: Aor. σπεῦσαι, fut. σπεύσομαι (Il.), σπεύσω (E. a.o.), σπευσίω (Cret.), perf. ἔσπευκα (hell.), rare midd. σπεύ-δομαι (A.), pass. ἔσπευσμαι (late),Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συ-. Compp., e.g. κενό-σπουδ-ος `seriously prosecuting frivolities' with - έω, - ία (hell.). -- 2. κατάσπευ-σις (: κατα-σπεύδω) f. `hurry' (Thd.; σπεῦσις Gloss.), σπευσ-τός (Phryn.), - τικός ( ἐπι-) `hurried' (Arist., Eust.).Derivatives: 1. σπουδ-ή f. `haste, zeal, labour, seriousness, good will' (Il.), with - αῐος `zealous, striving, serious, good' (IA) with - αιότης f. (Pl. Def., LXX a. o.), -ᾱξ ἀλετρίβανος H. (cf. below); - άζω ( ἐπι-, κατα-, συ- a. o.) `to be quick, to carry on seriously, etc.' (IA) with - ασμα, - ασμάτιον, - ασμός, - αστής, - αστός, - αστικός.Etymology: Through the maintenance of the ου-diphthong σπουδή proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary σπεύδω on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. spáusti (\< *spáud-ti), with pres. spáudžiu `press, squeeze', also `push, drive on', intr. `hutty'. A trace of the meaning `push' has also been supposed in σπούδαξ = ἀλετρίβανος, `pestle of a mortar' (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. spáus-ti can be equated with σπεύδ-ω, but the pres. spáudžiu can as well be an old iterative IE *spoudéiō. With σπουδή agrees formally spaudà f. `pressure, literature'. Beside it with ū-vowel spūdà f. `throng, urgency, pressure' and spūdė́ti `be oppressed, thrust down, pain oneself, meddle'. With zero grade also Alb. punë `work, business', if from * spud-nā. Arm. p'oyt`, gen. p'ut`oy (o-stem) `zeal' however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933]: 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. spaudà; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,765Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπεύδω
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