pronouns

   ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō. I II III

    īdem eadem, idem （gen. ēiusdem; plur nom. eīdem or īdem; dat. and abl. eīsdem or īsdem; the forms eōdem, eādem, eundem, etc., often disyl. in poetry), pron.    [2 I-+-dem (demonstr. suffix)], the same: Ille... praesens absensque idem erit, T.: īsdem legibus uti, Cs.: semper idem voltus: eodem modo omnīs causas agere: ad causas simillimas vel potius easdem: eodem tempore, Cs.: Non eadem est aetas, is changed, H.: tamquam alter idem, a second self: idem velle atque idem nolle, S.—Introducing an additional predicate, at the same time, likewise, also, furthermore: hoc idem reliquis deinceps fit diebus, Cs.: oratio grandis et eadem in primis faceta: vir innocentissimus idemque doctissimus: hiemes reducit Iuppiter, idem Submovet, H.: (Epicurus) cum optimam naturam dei dicat esse, negat idem esse in deo gratiam, nevertheless: Aedificas... et idem rides, etc., H. —With emphatic pronouns, also, the same, very, besides, at the same time: idem ego ille... idem inquam ego recreavi, etc.: ego idem, qui, etc.: cedo nunc eiusdem illius inimici mei de me eodem contionem: idem rex ille, qui, the very same, H.: cum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent: idem iste Mithridates: ut verset saepe eandem et unam rem.—In comparisons, the same as, identical with, of the same meaning as: haec eodem tempore mandata referebantur, et legati veniebant, Cs.: vitast eadem ac fuit, T.: qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent, at the same time: eisdem fere verbis, ut actum disputatumque est: eādem ratione quā pridie resistitur, Cs.: idem abeunt, qui venerant: non quo idem sit servulus quod familia: tibi idem consili do, quod, etc.: fit idem, quasi natus non esset omnino: tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum: Invitum qui servat idem facit occidenti, H.: quod non idem illis censuissemus.

íd

a particle of affirmation) even, just, only;
indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g.. yáthāváṡantidevā́stáhếdasat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be RV. VIII, 28, 4 ;
dípsantaídripávonấhadebhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt RV. I, 147, 3)
id is often added to words expressing excess orﾠ exclusion (e.g.. viṡvait, every one indeed;
ṡaṡvadit, constantly indeed;
ekait, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g.. tvamit, thou indeed;
yadiit, if indeed, etc.) id occurs often in the Ṛig-veda andﾠ Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, andﾠ its place is taken in classical Sanskṛit by eva andﾠ other particles

īm

Ved. a particle of affirmation andﾠ restriction
(generally after short words at the beginning of a period, orﾠ after the relative pronouns, the conjunction yad, prepositions andﾠ particles such as āt, uta, atha, etc.)
īm has alsoﾠ the sense « now» (= idānīm),
andﾠ is by Sāy. sometimes considered as an acc. case for enam RV. VS.

cid

2) ind. even, indeed, alsoﾠ (often merely laying stress on a preceding word;
requiring a preceding simple verb to be accentuated Pāṇ. 8-1, 57 as well as a verb following,
if cid is preceded by an interrogative pron.;
in Class. only used after interrogative pronouns andﾠ adverbs to render them indefinite, andﾠ after jātu q.v.)
RV. VS. AV. ;
like (added to the stem of a subst. e.g.. agni-, rāja-) Nir. I, 4 Pāṇ. 8-2, 101 ;
cid-cid orﾠ cid-ca orﾠ cid-u, as well as, both, andﾠ RV. ;
- चिदचित्
- चिदम्बर
- चिदस्थिमाला
- चिदात्मक
- चिदात्मन्
- चिदानन्द
- चिदुल्लास
- चिद्गगनचन्द्रिका
- चिद्घन
- चिद्रत्नचषक
- चिद्रथ
- चिद्रूप
- चिद्विलास
- चिद्वृत्ति

tád

instr. pl. taís AV. etc.;
Ved. tébhis RV. AV. etc.) m. he f. she n. it, that, this (often correlative of yá generally standing in the preceding clause e.g.. yasyabuddhiḥsabalavān, « of whom there is intellect he is strong» ;
sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, connected with the 1st andﾠ 2nd personal pronouns, with other demonstratives andﾠ with relatives
e.g.. so'ham, « I that very person, I myself»
< tasya = mama Nal. XV, 10 >;
tāvimau, « those very two» ;
tadetadākhyānam, « that very tale» AitBr. VII, 18 ;
yattatkāraṇam, « that very reason which» Mn. I, 11 ;
yāsāṡrī, « that very fortune which» MBh. VII, 427) RV. etc.;
( tad) n. this world (cf. idam) R. VI, 102, 25 ;
= Brahma seeﾠ tat-tva;
( tád) ind. there, in that place, thither, to that spot (correlative of yátra orﾠ yátas) AV. AitBr. II, 11 ṠBr. I, X, XIV ChUp. ;
then, at that time, in that case (correlative of yadā́, yád AV. ;
of yátra ṠBr. XIV ;
of yadi Nal. Bhag. etc.;
of cêd Ṡak. etc.) RV. IV, 28, 1 AV. etc.. ;
thus, in this manner, with regard to that, IX, XIII ṠBr. AitBr. ;
( tadetauṡlokaubhavataḥ, « with reference to that there are these two verses») PraṡnUp. ;
on that account, for that reason, therefore, consequently (sometimes correlative of yatas, yad, yena, « because» Daṡ. Pañcat. Kathās. etc.) Mn. IX, 41 MBh. etc.. ;
now (clause-connecting particle) AV. XV ṠBr. AitBr. ;
so alsoﾠ, equally, andﾠ AV. XI, XV ;
tad

(ind.)

tadtad

tāsutāsuyonishu, « in different orﾠ various birth-places» Mn. XII, 74);
respective BṛNārP. XIII, 88 ;
tenaivatenaivapathā, on quite the same path R. III, 50, 28 ;
yadtad, whosoever, whichsoever, any, every ( alsoﾠ with vā Mn. XII, 68 < yadvātadvā, « this orﾠ that, any» > Hariv. 5940 Dhūrtas. Ṡak. Sch. ;
often both pronouns repeated orﾠ the interrogative pron. with cid added after the relative e.g.. yad-yatpara-vaṡaṉkarmatat-tadvarjayet, « whatever action depends on another, that he should avoid» Mn. IV, 159 ;
yatkiṉ-cid-tad, « whatever-that» Mn.)

sárva-nāman

cf. under sarva) Āpast. Nir. Aprāt. etc. mfn. having all names Nir. BhP. ;
- ma-tā f. orﾠ - ma-tva n. the being a pronoun orﾠ a pronominal;
- ma-ṡaktivāda m. N. of wk.;
- ma-sthāna n. a case-termination before which the strong base of a noun is used Pāṇ.

svayám

sometimes alone <e.g.. svayaṉtatkṛitavān, « he himself did that» ;
svayaṉtatkurvanti, « they themselves do that» >;
connected in sense with a nom. <either the subject orﾠ predicate> orﾠ with instr. < when the subject> orﾠ with a gen., andﾠ sometimes with acc. orﾠ loc.;
often in comp.) RV. etc. etc.
- स्वयमगुरुत्व
- स्वयमधिगत
- स्वयमनुष्ठान
- स्वयमपोदित
- स्वयमभिगूर्त
- स्वयमर्जित
- स्वयमवदीर्ण
- स्वयमवपन्न
- स्वयमागत
- स्वयमातृन्ण
- स्वयमानीत
- स्वयमासनढौकन
- स्वयमाहृत
- स्वयमाहृत्यभोजिन्
- स्वयमिन्द्रियमोचन
- स्वयमीश्वर
- स्वयमीहितलब्ध
- स्वयमुक्ति
- स्वयमुज्ज्वल
- स्वयमुदित
- स्वयमुद्गीर्ण
- स्वयमुद्घाटित
- स्वयमुद्यत
- स्वयमुपस्थित
- स्वयमुपागत
- स्वयमुपेत
- स्वयम्पतित
- स्वयम्पाठ
- स्वयम्पाप
- स्वयम्प्रकाश
- स्वयम्प्रकाशमान
- स्वयम्प्रज्वलित
- स्वयम्प्रदीर्ण
- स्वयम्प्रभ
- स्वयम्प्रभु
- स्वयम्प्रसीर्ण
- स्वयम्प्रस्तुत
- स्वयम्प्रोक्त
- स्वयम्बोध
- स्वयम्भग्न
- स्वयम्भु
- स्वयम्भुव
- स्वयम्भू
- स्वयम्भूत
- स्वयम्भृत
- स्वयम्भोज
- स्वयम्भ्रमि
- स्वयम्भ्रमिन्
- स्वयम्मथित
- स्वयम्मुर्त
- स्वयम्मृत
- स्वयम्म्लान

hi

hinóti (Ved. alsoﾠ hinuté, hínvati andﾠ hinváti, - te;
p. hinvāná <with aet. andﾠ pass. sense> RV. ;
háyat RV. TS. ;
1. sg. hishe RV. ;
pf. jighāya, jighyuḥ Br. etc.;
jighye <with pass. sense> Bhaṭṭ. ;
aor. áhema áhema, ahyan, heta p. hiyāná <with pass. sense> RV. ;
ahyam <?>, áhait AV. ;
ahaishīt Br. ;
aheshata RV. ;
fut. hetā Gr.;
heshyati MBh. etc.;
inf. - hyé RV.), to send forth set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (Ā. alsoﾠ intrans.) RV. AV. ṠBr. KātyṠr. ;
to stimulate orﾠ incite to (dat.) RV. ;
to assist orﾠ help to (dat.) ib. ;
to discharge, b, hurl, cast, shoot RV. ;
to convey, bring, procure ib. ṠBr. ;
to forsake, abandon, get rid of Bhaṭṭ. ;
( hinvati), to gladden, delight Dhātup. XV, 82:
Pass. hīyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.:
Caus. hāyuyati (aor. ajīhayat) ib.:
Desid. of Caus. jihāpayishati ib.:
Desid. jighīshati ib.:
Inteus. jeghīyate, jeghayīti, jegheti ib. ;
hí

e.g.. sárvohípṛítanājigīshati, « for everybody wishes to win battles» ;
bkavānhipramāṇam, « for your honour is the authority» ;
tahāhi, « for example», « accordingly» ;
náhí orﾠ nahī́, « for not», « not at all») RV. etc. etc.;
just, pray, do (with an Impv. orﾠ Pot. emphatically;
sometimes with Indic, e.g.. pasyāmohi, « we will just seeﾠ») ib. ;
indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly ( hívaí, « most assuredly» ;
hi-tu orﾠ hi-punar, « indeed-but» ;
often a mere expletive, esp. to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence;
hi is alsoﾠ said to be an interjection of « envy», « contempt», « hurry» etc.) ib.

[dimostra'tivo]

[distribu'tivo]

[re'tʃiproko] reciproco -a, -ci, -che 1. 2.

частица; простореч.
God/goodness/heaven knows

Ⅰ m 1. (G przypadku) (traf) coincidence, accident; (los) chance 2. (zdarzenie, sytuacja) case, instance 3. (osoba) case 4. Med. case 5. Jęz. case Ⅱ przypadkiem adv. 1. (niespodziewanie) by chance, by accident a. accidentally 2. pot. (może, czasem) by any chance