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  • 81 Gomes da Costa, Manuel de Oliveira

    (1863-1929)
       Marshal of the Portuguese Army, commander of Portugal's forces in Flanders in World War I, and leader of the military coup that overthrew the First Republic in May 1926. Trained at the Military College, Gomes da Costa rose from the rank of private to general during the period 1883-1917. His career began with important colonial service in Portuguese India and Mozambique in suppressing insurgencies in the 1890s. He served with Mousinho de Albuquerque in the Gaza campaigns (1896-97), in Mozambique, and later in Angola and São Tomé. His most notable service was in Portugal's intervention in World War I as he helped organize the first brigade and commanded the first division of Portugal's Expeditionary Corps (CEP), which entered combat on the western front in May 1917. For his role in the battle of Lys, in April 1918, when German forces badly mauled the Portuguese sector, Gomes da Costa was decorated by Portugal with the Tower and Sword medal. During the latter part of the First Republic, he was dispatched to the colonies on missions to divert him from domestic politics, since he had joined the Reformist Party (PR).
       As the most senior and best-known career army officer, Gomes da Costa was invited by former CEP comrades to join in military conspiracies to overthrow the democrat-dominated First Republic. On 28 May 1926, in Braga, he launched the military coup with the pronouncement "To Arms, Portugal!" The general's famous name and forceful personality gave the military movement the necessary prestige and won public opinion's confidence for the political moment. Gomes da Costa, however, was not suited for political maneuvering and administrative efficiency and, on 9 July 1926, he was dismissed as minister of war by other generals, including future president Óscar Carmona, and then exiled to the Azores. For political effect and as a consolation prize to the leader whose individual daring had helped create the abertura (opening) that allowed the coup to succeed, the military dictatorship honored Gomes da Costa, even in exile, with promotion to marshal of the army. In ill health on his return from the isolated Azores in late 1927, he died less than two years later in Lisbon. There is a statue of Gomes da Costa in a square in Braga, designed by Barata Feyo, which honors the general of the Twenty- eighth of May coup d'etat.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Gomes da Costa, Manuel de Oliveira

  • 82 Santana Lopes, Pedro Miguel de

    (1956-)
       Portuguese lawyer and politician, and prime minister (2004-05). Born in Lisbon in 1956, Santana Lopes took a law degree from the University of Lisbon and was a Student Union leader. In 1976, he joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and became a legal advisor to Prime Minister Francisco Sá Carneiro. Santana Lopes has always considered himself a follower of the late Sá Carneiro. In 1986, he became assistant state secretary to Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, and the following year was elected to the European Parliament, in which he served for two years. In 1991, Cavaco Silva named him secretary of state for culture. He served in various other posts, including mayor of Lisbon, and he founded a weekly newspaper, Semanário.
       In 1998, Santana Lopes withdrew from politics after being negatively depicted in a private television station comic sketch. Instead, he continued in politics and rose to the vice-presidency of the PSD. José Manuel Durão Barroso resigned in July 2004 to become president of the European Commission, and Santana Lopes became PSD leader. Since his party was the major partner in the governing coalition at this time and Barroso had resigned his post, Santana Lopes succeeded him.
       Santana Lopes' brief premiership was fraught with difficulties. The national economy was in a crisis, and there were frequent cabinet shuffles, factionalism among PSD leaders, and questions being raised about the competence of Santana Lopes to govern effectively. President Jorge Sampaio called a parliamentary election for February 2005, following the resignation of the minister of sport from the cabinet and that minister's attacks on the prime minister's conduct. The Socialist Party (PS) under José Sócrates won the election, and Santana Lopes left office to resume his post as mayor of Lisbon. Santana Lopes, however, after in-fighting with his party and following the party's failure to endorse him as a candidate for the upcoming municipal elections, resigned this post one month before the election of February 2005.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Santana Lopes, Pedro Miguel de

  • 83 Mansfield, Charles Blachford

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 8 May 1819 Rowner, Hampshire, England
    d. 26 February 1855 London, England
    [br]
    English chemist, founder of coal-tar chemistry.
    [br]
    Mansfield, the son of a country clergyman, was educated privately at first, then at Winchester College and at Cambridge; ill health, which dogged his early years, delayed his graduation until 1846. He was first inclined to medicine, but after settling in London, chemistry seemed to him to offer the true basis of the grand scheme of knowledge he aimed to establish. After completing the chemistry course at the Royal College of Chemistry in London, he followed the suggestion of its first director, A.W.von Hofmann, of investigating the chemistry of coal tar. This work led to a result of great importance for industry by demonstrating the valuable substances that could be extracted from coal tar. Mansfield obtained pure benzene, and toluene by a process for which he was granted a patent in 1848 and published in the Chemical Society's journal the same year The following year he published a pamphlet on the applications of benzene.
    Blessed with a private income, Mansfield had no need to support himself by following a regular profession. He was therefore able to spread his brilliant talents in several directions instead of confining them to a single interest. During the period of unrest in 1848, he engaged in social work with a particular concern to improve sanitation. In 1850, a description of a balloon machine in Paris led him to study aeronautics for a while, which bore fruit in an influential book, Aerial Navigation (London, 1851). He then visited Paraguay, making a characteristically thorough and illuminating study of conditions there. Upon his return to London in 1853, Mansfield resumed his chemical studies, especially on salts. He published his results in 1855 as Theory of Salts, his most important contribution to chemical theory.
    Mansfield was in the process of preparing specimens of benzene for the Paris Exhibition of 1855 when a naphtha still overflowed and caught fire. In carrying it to a place of safety, Mansfield sustained injuries which unfortunately proved fatal.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1851, Aerial Navigation, London. 1855, Theory of Salts, London.
    Further Reading
    E.R.Ward, 1969, "Charles Blachford Mansfield, 1819–1855, coal tar chemist and social reformer", Chemistry and Industry 66:1,530–7 (offers a good and well-documented account of his life and achievements).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Mansfield, Charles Blachford

  • 84 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, England
    d. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the screw propeller.
    [br]
    Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.
    The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.
    With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.
    Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.
    At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1871.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).
    1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).
    Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

  • 85 Wozniak, Stephen G.

    [br]
    b. 1950 Sunnyvale, California, USA
    [br]
    American computer engineer who with Steven Jobs built the first home computer.
    [br]
    Bored by school at Sunnyvale, the young Wozniak became interested in computers and at the age of only 13 years he constructed a transistorized calculator that won a prize at the Bay Area Science Fair. After high school, he went to the University of Colorado, but he left the following year to study at the De Anza College in Cupertino, California, finally dropping out of formal education altogether and working as a programmer for a small computer company. In 1971 he made another attempt at studying for a degree in engineering, this time at the University of California at Berkeley, but he again dropped out and went to work for Hewlett-Packard, where he met 16-year-old Steve Jobs. Joining the Homebrew Computer Club, and with Jobs's help, he built a home computer based on the MOS Technology 8-bit, 6502 microprocessor chip. With 4 K of random access memory (RAM) and the first BASIC interpreter written by Wozniak himself, he demonstrated the computer to Hewlett-Packard management, but they showed little interest in taking it up. With Jobs he therefore founded Apple Company, and with assembly in Jobs's home they found an interested buyer in the shape of Paul Terrill, owner of the newly established Byte Shop chain store, who ordered 100 boards at US$500 each. As a result, with the support of a backer, Mike Markkula, Wozniak in 1976 designed a second computer, the Apple II, which had 16 K of RAM and was offered for sale (without a monitor) at $1195. This was an immediate success and sales rose from $775,000 in 1977 to $335 million in 1981 and $983 million in 1983. In the meantime, however, Wozniak was seriously injured in a plane crash in 1980. He recovered slowly from his injuries and in 1982 returned to college to complete his degree course, after which he spent much of his time with his family. Eventually he became increasingly unhappy with the chaotic management at Apple, and he left the company in 1985, subsequently forming his own computer company, Cloud 9.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    First National Technology Medal (with Jobs) 1985.
    Further Reading
    M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.
    J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foreman \& Co.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Wozniak, Stephen G.

  • 86 practice

    ˈpræktɪs
    1. сущ.
    1) а) практика;
    выполнение, осуществление (на практике) to put in(to) practice ≈ осуществлять in practice Syn: performance, execution;
    working, operation б) уст., мн. дела, действия, поступки
    2) а) привычка, обычай;
    установленный порядок to make a practice of smth. ≈ взять что-л. за правило common, usual practice ≈ обычное дело, обычная практика universal practice ≈ общее правило It was her practice to drink a glass of wine every evening. ≈ У нее была привычка выпивать стакан вина каждый вечер. Syn: procedure, tradition, habit, custom б) обыденность, рутинность It was with difficulty that he was induced to stoop from speculation to practice. ≈ Его с трудом убедили снизойти от размышлений до прозы жизни.
    3) практика, деятельность( юриста, врача) group practice ≈ совместная деятельность lucrative practice ≈ выгодное дело professional practice ≈ профессиональная деятельность legal practice ≈ юридическая практика medical practice ≈ врачебная/лечебная практика private practice ≈ частная деятельность;
    частный бизнес
    4) практика, тренировка, упражнение practice ground Syn: training
    5) воен. учебная боевая стрельба practice ammunition ≈ учебные боеприпасы Syn: instruction practice
    6) а) обыкн. мн. интриги, козни, происки corrupt practices ≈ взяточничество sharp practice ≈ мошенничество Syn: machination, treachery;
    trickery, artifice б) тайный сговор, тайное соглашение( с отрицательными целями) Syn: collusion, conspiracy в) уловка, маневр (как элемент сплетенной интриги)
    2. гл.;
    = practise практика;
    применение, осуществление на практике - in * на практике, на деле, фактически;
    на поверку - to put in(to) * осуществлять, проводить в жизнь - theory without * is useless теория без практики бессмысленна /мертва/ обычай;
    обыкновение;
    привычка;
    установившийся порядок - international * международная практика - established diplomatic * установившаяся /общепринятая/ дипломатическая практика - usual /routine/ * обычная /установившаяся/ практика;
    обычное дело - * of trade торговый обычай, торговая практика - to make a * of daily exercise взять себе за правило ежедневно делать физзарядку - my usual * is to tip the waiter я имею обыкновение давать чаевые - it was then the * тогда это было принято - the * of going to bed late привычка поздно ложиться спать ритуал;
    церемониал тренировка, упражнение - choir * репетиция хора - dry rowing * (спортивное) "сухой" курс гребли - * ground (военное) учебный плац;
    (сельскохозяйственное) опытное поле - * jump (спортивное) учебный прыжок;
    пробный прыжок - to be out of * разучиться, давно не заниматься( чем-л.) - to keep in * держать себя в форме, не прекращать тренировок /занятий/ - she's doing her * at the piano она упражняется в игре на рояле - I haven't done much * я мало упражнялся /тренировался/ - it takes years of * нужны годы /упорных/ занятий - * makes perfect навык мастера ставит учебная стрельба (тж. instruction *) - * ammunition (военное) учебные боеприпасы - * dummy( военное) учебный патрон практика, деятельность (врача, адвоката) - dental * зубоврачебная практика - to be in * практиковать - he has retired from * он бросил практику практика, клиентура - he has a large * он имеет большую практику /клиентуру/ (юридическое) процессуальная норма;
    процессуальное право pl (устаревшее) делишки, махинации - corrupt *s ловкие происки - discreditable *s темные дела - sharp *s мошенничество происки, интрига (американизм) тренироваться, упражняться, практиковаться( американизм) тренировать, обучать( американизм) практиковать, заниматься (какой-л.) деятельностью профессионально( американизм) осуществлять, применять на практике (американизм) (on, upon) пользоваться, злоупотреблять( чем-л.) ;
    играть( на чем-л.) (американизм) делать (что-л.) по привычке, иметь обыкновение accounting ~ практика отчетности auditing ~ порядок проведения ревизии banking ~ банковская практика ~ практика, упражнение, тренировка;
    to be out of practice не упражняться, не иметь практики business ~ практика ведения торгово-промышленной деятельности business ~ практика деловых отношений commercial ~ торговая практика common ~ обычай court ~ судебная практика customary ~ обычная практика ~ (обыкн. pl) происки, интриги;
    corrupt practices взяточничество;
    discreditable practices темные дела;
    sharp practice мошенничество illegal ~ запрещенная практика in ~ на поверку;
    to put in(to) practice осуществлять in ~ на практике, на деле investment ~ практика инвестирования ~ привычка, обычай;
    установленный порядок;
    it was then the practice это было тогда принято;
    to put into practice ввести в обиход, в обращение legal ~ юридическая практика marketing ~ метод сбыта medical ~ врачебная практика official ~ официальная практика practice v = practise ~ клиентура ~ круг занятий ~ нормы процесса, процессуальные нормы, процессуальное право ~ обыкновение ~ обычай, обыкновение ~ обычай ~ практика, деятельность (юриста, врача) ~ практика, упражнение, тренировка;
    to be out of practice не упражняться, не иметь практики ~ практика;
    применение;
    осуществление на практике;
    established practice установившаяся практика ~ практика ~ привычка, обычай;
    установленный порядок;
    it was then the practice это было тогда принято;
    to put into practice ввести в обиход, в обращение ~ (обыкн. pl) происки, интриги;
    corrupt practices взяточничество;
    discreditable practices темные дела;
    sharp practice мошенничество ~ процессуальная норма ~ процессуальное право ~ ритуал ~ тренировка ~ воен. учебная боевая стрельба ~ attr. учебный, практический;
    опытный ~ for granting loans практика предоставления ссуд ~ for granting permits практика выдачи разрешений ~ ground с.-х. опытное поле;
    practice march учебный марш;
    practice makes perfect посл. = навык мастера ставит ~ ground воен. учебный плац ~ ground с.-х. опытное поле;
    practice march учебный марш;
    practice makes perfect посл. = навык мастера ставит ~ ground с.-х. опытное поле;
    practice march учебный марш;
    practice makes perfect посл. = навык мастера ставит practice v = practise practise: practise заниматься (чем-л.), практиковать ~ практиковать(ся), упражнять(ся) ;
    тренировать(ся) ;
    practise upon обманывать;
    злоупотреблять (чем-л.) ~ применять, осуществлять;
    to practise what one preaches жить согласно своим взглядам;
    to practise (smb.'s) teachings следовать( чьему-л.) учению in ~ на поверку;
    to put in(to) practice осуществлять ~ привычка, обычай;
    установленный порядок;
    it was then the practice это было тогда принято;
    to put into practice ввести в обиход, в обращение sales ~ торговая практика selling ~ торговая деятельность ~ (обыкн. pl) происки, интриги;
    corrupt practices взяточничество;
    discreditable practices темные дела;
    sharp practice мошенничество sharp: ~ продувной, хитрый;
    недобросовестный;
    he was too sharp for me он меня перехитрил;
    sharp practice мошенничество sound business ~ разумная практика деловых отношений trade ~ торговая практика vocational ~ профессиональная практика

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > practice

  • 87 annuity

    сущ.
    1) фин., страх. аннуитет, финансовая [страховая\] рента (слово произошло от лат. "annus" — "год", изначально обозначало ежегодные выплаты)
    а) (равные платежи, регулярно, напр. ежемесячно, ежегодно и т. д., поступающие или выплачиваемые в течение определенного периода времени)

    to receive an annuity — получать аннуитет [аннуитетные платежи\]

    an individual who is in receipt of an annuity — лицо, получающее аннуитет

    annuity of $50 per month — аннуитет в размере $50 в месяц

    $100-a-month annuity — аннуитет в размере $100 в месяц

    $600-a-year annuity — аннуитет в размере $600 в год

    annual [monthly\] annuity — годовой [месячный\] аннуитет

    The annual annuity is determined by multiplying the amount contributed by the annuity rate. — Годовой аннуитет [годовой аннуитетный платеж\] определяется путем умножения внесенной суммы на аннуитетную ставку.

    б) (соглашение или контракт, по которому физическое лицо — аннуитент — с помощью внесения единовременного или ряда периодических платежей приобретает право регулярно получать равные платежи в течение определенного периода или пожизненно; многие формы страхования основаны на этом принципе, в частности, пенсионное страхование)

    to purchase [to buy\] an annuity — покупать аннуитет

    annuity purchaser, purchaser of an annuity — покупатель аннуитета

    annuity purchase, purchase of an annuity — покупка аннуитета

    annuity seller, seller of an annuity — продавец аннуитета

    sale of an annuity, annuity sale — продажа аннуитета

    to issue an annuity — выпускать аннуитетное соглашение [аннуитет\]*

    to provide an annuity — предоставлять аннуитетные услуги*; обеспечивать аннуитетный доход [аннуитетные выплаты\]*

    The group's principal activities are to provide variable annuities, fixed annuities, public and private sector pension plans and life insurance. — Основная деятельность группы — предоставление услуг по плавающим аннуитетам, фиксированным аннуитетам, государственным и частным пенсионным планам и страхованию жизни.

    The lump sum can be reinvested to provide an annuity during the remainder of life. — Эта единовременная выплата может быть реинвестирована для того, чтобы обеспечить выплату аннуитетного дохода на протяжении оставшейся жизни.

    to offer an annuity — предлагать аннуитет, предлагать аннуитетные услуги

    This annuity pays you an income for as long as you live. — Этот аннуитет [это аннуитетное соглашение\] предусматривает выплату вам дохода в течение вашей жизни. [По этому аннуитетному соглашению вам выплачивается доход в течение вашей жизни\].

    to take out an annuity — приобрести аннуитет [аннуитетный договор\]

    to obtain [to get\] an annuity — приобрести аннуитет

    to cancel an annuity — аннулировать [отменить\] аннуитет [аннуитетный договор\]*

    annuity market — рынок аннуитетов, аннуитетный рынок

    See:
    2) мн., фин., брит. рентные облигации (бессрочные облигации британского правительства; в настоящее время существует два выпуска с процентными ставками 2,5 % и 2,75 %)
    See:

    * * *
    annuity; Anny 1) рента: регулярно поступающие равные платежи (на срок или пожизненно); 2) соглашение или контракт (обычно со страховой компанией), по которому физическое лицо - аннуитант - приобретает право на регулярно поступающие суммы начиная с определенного времени, напр., выхода на пенсию (часто пожизненно); см. annuitant;
    * * *
    * * *
    ежегодная рента; ежегодный доход; ежегодное пособие; аннуитет
    . Регулярные выплаты, производимые страховой компанией в пользу держателей полисов в течение определенного периода времени . The dictionary definition is a contract issued by an insurance company that pays an annuitant an amount periodically for a certain time for the remainder of his life. Common usage has expanded that definition to the point where you must dig deeper to understand the meaning. Variations include a deferred annuity where you make payments into a fund over a period of years (where tax on the fund's income is deferred), an immediate annuity (the original definition) or many other plans where a series of payments, either into or out of the fund, are involved. Словарь экономических терминов .
    * * *
    инвестиции, приносящие клиенту банка через регулярные промежутки времени определенную сумму денег доход
    -----
    годовая рента, аннуитет
    ряд последовательных платежей, выплачиваемых через равные промежутки времени, например ежегодные лизинговые платежи
    -----
    Финансы/Кредит/Валюта
    1. ежегодная денежная сумма определенного размера, выплачиваемая кредитору в погашение полученного от него займа, включая проценты
    2. регулярно получаемый доход, не требующий от получателя предпринимательской деятельности тж. Anny
    -----
    договор, предусматривающий серию регулярных платежей на определенный период

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > annuity

  • 88 pension

    I 1. сущ.
    страх., эк. тр. пенсия, пенсионное пособие (регулярные денежные выплаты лицам, достигшим определенного возраста, инвалидам, а также лицам, утратившим кормильца; могут осуществляться из государственных или частных пенсионных фондов)

    ATTRIBUTES:

    pension [pensions\] system — пенсионная система

    COMBS:

    grant [award\] of pension — назначение пенсии

    pension entitlement, entitlement to a pension — право на пенсию, право на получение пенсии

    pension payment — пенсионный платеж; выплата пенсии

    pension of $20000, $20000 pension — пенсия в размере $20000

    to receive [to draw\] a pension — получать пенсию

    to grant a pension (to smb.) — назначить пенсию (кому-л.)

    to give (smb.) a pension — дать (кому-л.) пенсию

    to qualify for [to be entitled to\] a pension — иметь право на пенсию

    to retire on a pension — уйти [выйти\] на пенсию

    The police pension scheme entitles officers to retire on full pension after 30 years service. — Полицейская пенсионная система наделяет полицейских правом после 30 лет службы выйти в отставку с получением полной пенсии.

    He retired from the force with a disability pension. — Он уволился из вооруженных сил с получением права на пенсию по инвалидности.

    to pay a pension — выплачивать [платить\] пенсию

    Syn:
    See:
    30-and-out pension, actuarially reduced pension, additional pension, age pension, alternatively secured pension, basic pension, bridging pension, company pension, contributory pension, corporate pension, disability pension, disability support pension, disablement pension, double orphan pension, employer pension, funded pension, future service pension, government pension, graduated pension, group pension, group personal pension, guaranteed minimum pension, incapacity pension, income support pension, individual pension, joint pension, joint-life pension, life pension, long service pension, military pension, non-contributory pension, occupational pension, old age pension, Old Age Security pension, partner service pension, past service pension, personal pension, portable pension, prior service pension, private pension, retirement pension, salary-related pension, self-employed pension, service pension, simplified employee pension, single pension, single-life pension, stakeholder pension, state pension, supplementary pension, thirty-and-out pension, top-hat pension, unfunded pension, veteran's pension, war disablement pension, war pension, widower's pension, widow's pension, pension account, pension actuary, pension A-Day, pension administrator, pension adviser, pension age, pension annuity, pension benefit, pension bomb, pension bonus, pension business, pension company, pension consultant, pension consulting, pension contribution, pension cost, pension credit, pension debit, pension equity plan, pension expenses, pension fund, pension income, pension insurance, pension law, pension lawyer, pension loan, pension management, pension manager, pension market, pension mortgage, pension mutual fund, pension obligation bond, pension parachute, pension partner, pension plan, pension planning, pension portability, pension product, pension professional, pension provider, pension reversion, pension rollover, pension savings, pension obligation bond, superannuation 1) Department for Work and Pensions, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme, pensionable, pensioner 1), dearness allowance
    2. гл.
    страх., эк. тр. увольнять [отправлять\] на пенсию [в отставку\] ( с предлогом off); назначать пенсию

    In 1854, he was pensioned off from public service. — В 1854 г. он был уволен с государственной службы на пенсию.

    to pension smb. off — отправить [уволить\] кого-л. на пенсию

    Though they had a competent but elderly manager, they pensioned him off and started fresh, on their own. — Хотя у них был компетентный, но пожилой управляющий, они отправили его на пенсию и начали все заново, полагаясь только на себя.

    See:
    II сущ.
    общ. пансион; пансионат (вид дома отдыха или гостиницы, в котором за фиксированную плату отдыхающим предоставляется полное содержание)

    * * *
    пенсия: выплата регулярного дохода человеку, достигшему пенсионного возраста и имеющему право на частное или государственное пенсионное обеспечение за предшествующий период работы; см. funded pension; unfunded pension-
    * * *
    . . Словарь экономических терминов .
    * * *
    установленная сумма, регулярно выплачиваемая получателю по достижении им определенного возраста или вследствие прекращения работы по найму

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > pension

  • 89 go into

    transitive verb
    1) (join) eintreten in (+ Akk.) [Orden, Geschäft usw.]; gehen in (+ Akk.) [Industrie, Politik]; gehen zu [Film, Fernsehen, Armee]; beitreten (+ Dat.) [Bündnis]

    go into law/the church — Jurist/Geistlicher werden

    go into nursing — Krankenschwester/-pfleger werden

    go into publishing — ins Verlagswesen gehen

    go into general practice — (Med.) sich als allgemeiner Mediziner niederlassen

    2) (go and live in) gehen in (+ Akk.) [Krankenhaus, Heim usw.]; ziehen in (+ Akk.) [Wohnung, Heim]
    3) (consider) eingehen auf (Akk.); (investigate, examine) sich befassen mit; (explain) darlegen
    4) (crash into) [hinein]fahren in (+ Akk.); fahren gegen [Baum usw.]. See also academic.ru/31516/go">go 1. 2), 31)
    * * *
    1) (to make a careful study of (something): We'll need to go into this plan in detail.) untersuchen
    2) (to discuss in detail: I don't want to go into the problems at the moment.) eingehen auf
    * * *
    vi
    1. (start)
    ▪ to \go into into sth:
    he went into the election with good chances of beating the incumbent er ging mit guten Chancen, den Amtsinhaber zu schlagen, in den Wahlkampf
    they went into gales of laughter at his sight bei seinem Anblick brachen sie in schallendes Gelächter aus
    they were \go intoing into this project with very little experience sie gingen mit nur sehr wenig Erfahrung in dieses Projekt
    the restaurant is \go intoing into its second year of business das Restaurant geht jetzt in sein zweites Geschäftsjahr
    the new trains went into service last month die neuen Züge wurden letzten Monat in Dienst gestellt
    to \go into into action in Aktion treten
    to \go into into a coma ins Koma fallen
    to \go into into effect in Kraft treten
    to \go into into hiding sich akk verstecken, untertauchen fam
    to \go into into hysterics hysterisch werden
    to \go into into labour [or AM labor] [die] Wehen bekommen
    to \go into into mourning trauern
    to \go into into reverse in den Rückwärtsgang schalten
    to \go into into a trance in Trance [ver]fallen
    2. (begin career in)
    to \go into into journalism Journalist/Journalistin werden
    to \go into into medicine/politics in die Medizin/die Politik gehen
    to \go into into service BRIT ( dated) [als Dienstbote/Dienstbotin] in Stellung gehen
    3. (begin producing)
    ▪ to \go into into sth:
    after working for us for five years, he went into business for himself nachdem er fünf Jahre lang für uns gearbeitet hatte, machte er sich selbstständig
    to \go into into production in Produktion gehen
    ▪ to \go into into sth etw untersuchen; (discuss) etw erörtern
    I don't want to \go into into that right now ich möchte jetzt im Moment nicht darauf eingehen
    to \go into into detail ins Detail gehen
    5. (be invested in)
    ▪ to \go into into sth:
    a considerable amount of money has gone into this exhibition in dieser Ausstellung steckt eine beträchtliche Menge [an] Geld
    6. (be used in)
    ▪ to \go into into sth:
    butter is supposed to \go into into the cake but you can also use margarine eigentlich kommt Butter in den Kuchen, aber man kann auch Margarine nehmen
    ▪ to \go into into sth etw dat beitreten
    to \go into into the army zur Armee gehen
    to \go into into a club/an organization einem Klub/einer Organisation beitreten
    to \go into into hospital/a nursing home ins Krankenhaus/in ein Pflegeheim gehen
    ▪ to \go into into sth in etw akk hineinfahren; tree, wall gegen etw akk fahren
    9. MATH
    ▪ to \go into into sth:
    seven won't \go into into three sieben geht nicht in drei
    * * *
    go into v/i
    1. hineingehen in (akk):
    the money went into his private account das Geld ging auf sein Privatkonto
    2. einen Beruf ergreifen, in ein Geschäft etc eintreten:
    go into business Geschäftsmann werden;
    go into the police zur Polizei gehen;
    go into politics in die Politik gehen
    3. geraten in (akk):
    go into a faint ohnmächtig werden
    4. (genau) untersuchen oder prüfen, einer Sache auf den Grund gehen
    5. → go1 C 8
    * * *
    transitive verb
    1) (join) eintreten in (+ Akk.) [Orden, Geschäft usw.]; gehen in (+ Akk.) [Industrie, Politik]; gehen zu [Film, Fernsehen, Armee]; beitreten (+ Dat.) [Bündnis]

    go into law/the church — Jurist/Geistlicher werden

    go into nursing — Krankenschwester/-pfleger werden

    go into general practice — (Med.) sich als allgemeiner Mediziner niederlassen

    2) (go and live in) gehen in (+ Akk.) [Krankenhaus, Heim usw.]; ziehen in (+ Akk.) [Wohnung, Heim]
    3) (consider) eingehen auf (Akk.); (investigate, examine) sich befassen mit; (explain) darlegen
    4) (crash into) [hinein]fahren in (+ Akk.); fahren gegen [Baum usw.]. See also go 1. 2), 31)
    * * *
    expr.
    enthalten sein ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > go into

  • 90 taker

    (buyer) preneur(euse) m, f, acheteur(euse) m, f;
    ∎ there were no takers personne n'en voulait

    The 400,000-square-foot Robinsons building had been shuttered for several years and was owned by private investors. There were no takers from the retail world in subsequent years -- both Target and Price Club passed on it.

    English-French business dictionary > taker

  • 91 PIDE

    (Political Police)
       Commonly known as the PIDE, the Estado Novo's political police was established in 1932. The acronym of PIDE stood for Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado or International and State Defense State Police, the name it was known by from 1945 to 1969. From 1932 to 1945, it was known by a different acronym: PVDE or Polícia da Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado. After Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar was replaced in office by Marcello Caetano, the political police was renamed DGS, Direcção-Geral da Seguridade or Directorate General of Security.
       This force was the most infamous means of repression and a major source of fear among the opposition during the long history of the Estado Novo. While it was described as "secret police," nearly everyone knew of its existence, although its methods — in theory—were "secret." The PVDE/PIDE/DGS had functions much broader than purely the repression of any opposition to the regime. It combined the roles of a border police, customs inspectorate, immigration force, political police, and a regime vetting administration of credentials for government or even private sector jobs. Furthermore, this police had powers of arrest, pursued nonpolitical criminals, and administered its own prison system. From the 1950s on, the PIDE extended its operations to the empire and began to directly suppress oppositionists in various colonies in Africa and Asia.
       While this police became more notorious and known to the public after 1958-61, before that new outburst of antiregime activity, it was perhaps more effective in neutralizing or destroying oppositionist groups. It was especially effective in damaging the Communist Party of Portugal (PCP) in the 1930s and early 1940s. Yet, beginning with the unprecedented strikes and political activities of 194345, the real heyday had passed. During World War II, its top echelons were in the pay of both the Allies and Axis powers, although in later propaganda from the left, the PIDE's pro-Axis reputation was carefully groomed into a myth.
       As for its actual strength and resources, it seems clear that it employed several thousand officers and also had thousands of informants in the general population. Under new laws of 1945, this police force received the further power to institute 90-day detention without charge or trial and such a detention could easily be renewed. A who's-who of the political opposition emerges from those who spent years in PIDE prisons or were frequently arrested without charge. The PIDE remained numerous and well-funded into 1974, when the Revolution of 25 April 1974 overthrew the regime and abolished it. A major question remains: If this police knew much about the Armed Forces Movement coup conspiracy, why was it so ineffective in arresting known leaders and squashing the plot?

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > PIDE

  • 92 Sócrates, José

    (Carvalho Pinto de Sousa)
    (1957-)
       Politician, head of the Socialist Party, and prime minister of Portugal. Born in Oporto, Sôcrates lived his early years in Covilha, central Portugal. Trained as a civil engineer, Sôcrates' professional credentials became the subject of a heated political controversy after he became an important politician. The validity of his engineering degree, as well as the academic respectability of the private university at which he had received the disputed credential, were brought into question in the media.
       Sôcrates helped found the youth wing of the Social Democratic Party and, since 1981, has been a member of the Socialist Party.
       His specialty has been environmental affairs, and in the first government of Antônio Guterres, he served as undersecretary of state for the environment. He later became Minister for Youth and Sport in the second Guterres government in 1999. One of his main causes has been to ban smoking in public buildings and public transport and, in January 2008, a law was passed to this effect. (Sôcrates became the target of criticism when it was discovered that he had smoked on a flight from Portugal to Venezuela.) He again became Minister for Youth and Sports and helped organize the 2004 EURO cup ( futebol) in Portugal. He won the post of secretary-general of the Socialist Party in 2004 with a strong vote, and he became prime minister of the XVII constitutional government in March 2005. He was also president-in-office of the European Union during the second half of 2007.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Sócrates, José

  • 93 secondment

    (U.K.) HR
    the temporary transfer of a member of staff to another organization for a defined length of time, usually for a specific purpose. Secondment has grown in popularity in recent years, primarily for career development purposes. Secondments between the public and private sectors have been used as a mechanism to share management techniques and to disseminate best practice.

    The ultimate business dictionary > secondment

  • 94 Bell, Alexander Graham

    SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications
    [br]
    b. 3 March 1847 Edinburgh, Scotland
    d. 3 August 1922 Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada
    [br]
    Scottish/American inventor of the telephone.
    [br]
    Bell's grandfather was a professor of elocution in London and his father an authority on the physiology of the voice and on elocution; Bell was to follow in their footsteps. He was educated in Edinburgh, leaving school at 13. In 1863 he went to Elgin, Morayshire, as a pupil teacher in elocution, with a year's break to study at Edinburgh University; it was in 1865, while still in Elgin, that he first conceived the idea of the electrical transmission of speech. He went as a master to Somersetshire College, Bath (now in Avon), and in 1867 he moved to London to assist his father, who had taken up the grandfather's work in elocution. In the same year, he matriculated at London University, studying anatomy and physiology, and also began teaching the deaf. He continued to pursue the studies that were to lead to the invention of the telephone. At this time he read Helmholtz's The Sensations of Tone, an important work on the theory of sound that was to exert a considerable influence on him.
    In 1870 he accompanied his parents when they emigrated to Canada. His work for the deaf gained fame in both Canada and the USA, and in 1873 he was apponted professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University, Massachusetts. There, he continued to work on his theory that sound wave vibrations could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, be sent along a wire and then be converted back into sound waves by means of a receiver. He approached the problem from the background of the theory of sound and voice production rather than from that of electrical science, and by 1875 he had succeeded in constructing a rough model. On 7 March 1876 Bell spoke the famous command to his assistant, "Mr Watson, come here, I want you": this was the first time a human voice had been transmitted along a wire. Only three days earlier, Bell's first patent for the telephone had been granted. Almost simultaneously, but quite independently, Elisha Gray had achieved a similar result. After a period of litigation, the US Supreme Court awarded Bell priority, although Gray's device was technically superior.
    In 1877, three years after becoming a naturalized US citizen, Bell married the deaf daughter of his first backer. In August of that year, they travelled to Europe to combine a honeymoon with promotion of the telephone. Bell's patent was possibly the most valuable ever issued, for it gave birth to what later became the world's largest private service organization, the Bell Telephone Company.
    Bell had other scientific and technological interests: he made improvements in telegraphy and in Edison's gramophone, and he also developed a keen interest in aeronautics, working on Curtiss's flying machine. Bell founded the celebrated periodical Science.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Legion of Honour; Hughes Medal, Royal Society, 1913.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 7 August 1922, The Times. Dictionary of American Biography.
    R.Burlingame, 1964, Out of Silence into Sound, London: Macmillan.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Bell, Alexander Graham

  • 95 Camm, Sir Sydney

    [br]
    b. 5 August 1893 Windsor, Berkshire, England
    d. 12 March 1966 Richmond, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English military aircraft designer.
    [br]
    He was the eldest of twelve children and his father was a journeyman carpenter, in whose footsteps Camm followed as an apprentice woodworker. He developed an early interest in aircraft, becoming a keen model maker in his early teens and taking a major role in founding a local society to this end, and in 1912 he designed and built a glider able to carry people. During the First World War he worked as a draughtsman for the aircraft firm Martinsyde, but became increasingly involved in design matters as the war progressed. In 1923 Camm was recruited by Sopwith to join his Hawker Engineering Company as Senior Draughtsman, but within two years had risen to be Chief Designer. His first important contribution was to develop a method of producing metal aircraft, using welded steel tubes, and in 1926 he designed his first significant aircraft, the Hawker Horsley torpedo-bomber, which briefly held the world long-distance record before it was snatched by Charles Lindbergh in his epic New York-Paris flight in 1927. His Hawker Hart light bomber followed in 1928, after which came his Hawker Fury fighter.
    By the mid-1930s Camm's reputation as a designer was such that he was able to wield significant influence on the Air Ministry when Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft specifications were being drawn up. His outstanding contribution came, however, with the unveiling of his Hawker Hurricane in 1935. This single-seater fighter was to prove one of the backbones of the RAF during 1939–45, but during the war he also designed two other excellent fighters: the Tempest and the Typhoon. After the Second World War Camm turned to jet aircraft, producing in 1951 the Hawker Hunter fighter/ground-attack aircraft, which saw lengthy service in the RAF and many other air forces. His most revolutionary contribution was the design of the Harrier jump-jet, beginning with the P.1127 prototype in 1961, followed by the Kestrel three years later. These were private ventures, but eventually the Government saw the enormous merit in the vertical take-off and landing concept, and the Harrier came to fruition in 1967. Sadly Camm, who was on the Board of Sopwith Hawker Siddeley Group, died before the aircraft came into service. He is permanently commemorated in the Camm Memorial Hall at the RAF Museum, Hendon, London.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    CBE 1941. Knighted 1953. Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society 1918, Fellow 1932, President 1954–5, Gold Medal 1958. Daniel Guggenheim Medal (USA) 1965.
    Further Reading
    Alan Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888–1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens (provides information about Camm and his association with Sopwith).
    Dictionary of National Biography, 1961–70.
    CM

    Biographical history of technology > Camm, Sir Sydney

  • 96 Ericsson, John

    [br]
    b. 31 July 1803 Farnebo, Sweden
    d. 8 March 1899 New York, USA
    [br]
    Swedish (naturalized American 1848) engineer and inventor.
    [br]
    The son of a mine owner and inspector, Ericsson's first education was private and haphazard. War with Russia disrupted the mines and the father secured a position on the Gotha Canal, then under construction. He enrolled John, then aged 13, and another son as cadets in a corps of military engineers engaged on the canal. There John was given a sound education and training in the physical sciences and engineering. At the age of 17 he decided to enlist in the Army, and on receiving a commission he was drafted to cartographic survey duties. After some years he decided that a career outside the Army offered him the best opportunities, and in 1826 he moved to London to pursue a career of mechanical invention.
    Ericsson first developed a heat (external combustion) engine, which proved unsuccessful. Three years later he designed and constructed the steam locomotive Novelty, which he entered in the Rainhill locomotive trials on the new Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. The engine began by performing promisingly, but it later broke down and failed to complete the test runs. Later he devised a self-regulating lead (1835) and then, more important and successful, he invented the screw propeller, patented in 1835 and installed in his first screw-propelled ship of 1839. This work was carried out independently of Sir Francis Pettit Smith, who contemporaneously developed a four-bladed propeller that was adopted by the British Admiralty. Ericsson saw that with screw propulsion the engine could be below the waterline, a distinct advantage in warships. He crossed the Atlantic to interest the American government in his ideas and became a naturalized citizen in 1848. He pioneered the gun turret for mounting heavy guns on board ship. Ericsson came into his own during the American Civil War, with the construction of the epoch-making warship Monitor, a screw-propelled ironclad with gun turret. This vessel demonstrated its powers in a signal victory at Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862.
    Ericsson continued to design warships and torpedoes, pointing out to President Lincoln that success in war would now depend on technological rather than numerical superiority. Meanwhile he continued to pursue his interest in heat engines, and from 1870 to 1888 he spent much of his time and resources in pursuing research into alternative energy sources, such as solar power, gravitation and tidal forces.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.C.Church, 1891, Life of John Ericsson, 2 vols, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Ericsson, John

  • 97 Lobnitz, Frederick

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 7 September 1863 Renfrew, Scotland
    d. 7 December 1932 Crookston, Renfrewshire, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish shipbuilder, expert in dredge technology.
    [br]
    Lobnitz was the son of Henry Christian Lobnitz. His father was born in Denmark in 1831, and had worked for some years in both England and Scotland before becoming a naturalized British subject. Ultimately Henry joined the Clyde shipyard of James Henderson \& Son and worked there until his death, by which time he was sole proprietor and the yard was called Lobnitz \& Co. By this time the shipyard was the acknowledged world leader in rock-cutting machinery.
    Frederick was given the opportunity to travel in Europe during the late 1870s and early 1880s. He studied at Bonn, Heidelberg and at the Zurich Polytechnic, and also served an apprenticeship at the Fairfield Shipyard of John Elder \& Co. of Glasgow. One of his first tasks was to supervise the construction and commissioning of a subaqueous rock excavator, and then he was asked to direct rock excavations at the Suez Canal.
    In 1888 Frederick Lobnitz was made a partner of the company by his father and was to remain with them until his death, at which time he was Chairman. By this time the shipyard was a private limited company and had continued to enhance its name in the specialized field of dredging. At that time the two greatest dredge builders in the world (and deadly rivals) were situated next to each other on the banks of the Clyde at Renfrew; in 1957 they merged as Simons-Lobnitz Ltd. In 1915 Lobnitz was appointed Deputy Director for Munitions in Scotland and one year later he became Director, a post he held until 1919. Having investigated the running of munitions factories in France, he released scarce labour for the war effort by staffing the plants under his control with female and unskilled labour.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1920. Officier de la Légion d'honneur.
    Further Reading
    Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding Cambridge: PSL.
    Lobnitz \& Co., n.d., Romance of Dredging.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Lobnitz, Frederick

  • 98 Renold, Hans

    [br]
    b. 31 July 1852 Aarau, Switzerland
    d. 2 May 1943 Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire, England
    [br]
    Swiss (naturalized British 1881) mechanical engineer, inventor and pioneer of the precision chain industry.
    [br]
    Hans Renold was educated at the cantonal school of his native town and at the Polytechnic in Zurich. He worked in two or three small workshops during the polytechnic vacations and served an apprenticeship of eighteen months in an engineering works at Neuchâtel, Switzerland. After a short period of military service he found employment as a draughtsman in an engineering firm at Saint-Denis, near Paris, from 1871 to 1873. In 1873 Renold moved first to London and then to Manchester as a draughtsman and inspector with a firm of machinery exporters. From 1877 to 1879 he was a partner in his own firm of machine exporters. In 1879 he purchased a small firm in Salford making chain for the textile industry. At about this time J.K.Starley introduced the "safety" bicycle, which, however, lacked a satisfactory drive chain. Renold met this need with the invention of the bush roller chain, which he patented in 1880. The new chain formed the basis of the precision chain industry: the business expanded and new premises were acquired in Brook Street, Manchester, in 1881. In the same year Renold became a naturalized British subject.
    Continued expansion of the business necessitated the opening of a new factory in Brook Street in 1889. The factory was extended in 1895, but by 1906 more accommodation was needed and a site of 11 ½ acres was acquired in the Manchester suburb of Burnage: the move to the new building was finally completed in 1914. Over the years, further developments in the techniques of chain manufacture were made, including the invention in 1895 of the inverted tooth or silent chain. Renold made his first visit to America in 1891 to study machine-tool developments and designed for his own works special machine tools, including centreless grinding machines for dealing with wire rods up to 10 ft (3 m) in length.
    The business was established as a private limited company in 1903 and merged with the Coventry Chain Company Ltd in 1930. Good industrial relations were always of concern to Renold and he established a 48-hour week as early as 1896, in which year a works canteen was opened. Joint consultation with shop stewards date2 from 1917. Renold was elected a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1902 and in 1917 he was made a magistrate of the City of Manchester.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Honorary DSc University of Manchester 1940.
    Further Reading
    Basil H.Tripp, 1956, Renold Chains: A History of the Company and the Rise of the Precision Chain Industry 1879–1955, London.
    J.J.Guest, 1915, Grinding Machinery, London, pp. 289, 380 (describes grinding machines developed by Renold).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Renold, Hans

  • 99 practice

    'præktis
    1) (the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea: In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties.) práctica
    2) (the usual way(s) of doing things; (a) habit or custom: It was his usual practice to rise at 6.00 a.m.) costumbre
    3) (the repeated performance or exercise of something in order to learn to do it well: She has musical talent, but she needs a lot of practice; Have a quick practice before you start.) entrenamiento, ejercicio
    4) (a doctor's or lawyer's business: He has a practice in Southampton.) consultorio, gabinete, bufete; clientela
    •
    - make a practice of
    - put into practice
    practice n práctica
    I haven't played for a long time, I need practice hace mucho tiempo que no juego, me hace falta práctica
    tr['præktɪs]
    1 (repeated exercise) práctica; (training) entrenamiento; (rehearsal) ensayo
    2 (action, reality) práctica
    3 (custom, habit) costumbre nombre femenino
    1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL→ link=practise practise{
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    practice makes perfect la práctica hace al maestro
    to be in practice (doctor) ejercer la medicina 2 (lawyer) ejercer la abogacía
    to make a practice of doing something tener como norma hacer algo
    to put something into practice poner algo en práctica, llevar algo a la práctica
    teaching practice prácticas nombre femenino plural de magisterio
    practice or practise ['præktəs] vt, - ticed or - tised ; - ticing or - tising
    1) : practicar
    he practiced his German on us: practicó el alemán con nosotros
    to practice politeness: practicar la cortesía
    2) : ejercer
    to practice medicine: ejercer la medicina
    1) use: práctica f
    to put into practice: poner en práctica
    2) custom: costumbre f
    it's a common practice here: por aquí se acostumbra hacerlo
    3) training: práctica f
    4) : ejercicio m (de una profesión)
    n.
    • costumbre s.f.
    • ejercicio s.m.
    • ensayo s.m.
    • estudio s.m.
    • práctica s.f.
    • uso s.m.
    v.
    • adiestrar v.
    • ejercitar v.
    • ensayar v.
    • practicar v.
    'præktəs, 'præktɪs
    I
    1) u (training, repetition) práctica f

    piano practice — ejercicios mpl de piano

    target practice — prácticas fpl de tiro

    practice teaching o (BrE) teaching practice — prácticas fpl de magisterio

    practice makes perfect — la práctica hace al maestro; (before n) < game> de entrenamiento

    practice session — ( Sport) sesión f de entrenamiento; ( Mus) ensayo m

    2) u
    a) (carrying out, implementing) práctica f

    to put something into practice — llevar algo a la práctica, poner* algo en práctica

    b) ( exercise of profession) ejercicio m
    3) c u (custom, procedure) costumbre f

    it's our practice to take up references — solemos or acostumbramos pedir referencias

    working practices — métodos mpl de trabajo

    4) c
    a) ( Med) consultorio m, consulta f
    b) ( Law) bufete m, estudio m jurídico (CS)

    II
    1.
    BrE practise transitive verb
    1) ( rehearse) practicar*; \<\<song/act\>\> ensayar
    2)
    a) \<\<belief/Christianity\>\> practicar*

    he doesn't practice what he preaches — no hace lo que predica, no predica con el ejemplo

    b) (carry out, perform)
    c) \<\<doctor/lawyer\>\> ejercer*

    he practices law — ejerce de or como abogado, ejerce la abogacía

    3) practicing pres p
    a) <doctor/lawyer> en ejercicio (de su profesión)
    b) < Catholic> practicante
    c) < homosexual> activo

    2.
    vi
    1) (rehearse, train) practicar*
    2) ( professionally) ejercer*
    ['præktɪs]
    1. N
    1) (=custom, tradition) costumbref, prácticaf; (=procedure) prácticaf

    ancient pagan practices — las antiguas costumbres {or} prácticas paganas

    unfair trade practices — prácticas fplde comercio desleales

    • it is [bad] practice — no es una práctica recomendable

    • it is [common] practice among modern companies to hire all their office equipment — entre las empresas modernas es una práctica muy extendida alquilar todo su material y mobiliario de oficina

    • it is [good] practice to interview several candidates before choosing one — es una práctica recomendable entrevistar a varios aspirantes antes de decidirse por uno

    • to [make] a practice of doing sth — acostumbrar a hacer algo

    • it is [normal] {or} [standard] practice for newspapers not to disclose such details — los periódicos tienen por norma no revelar ese tipo de detalles

    this procedure has become standard practice in most hospitals — en la mayoría de los hospitales este procedimiento se ha convertido en norma; business; restrictive; sharp

    2) (=experience, drilling) prácticaf

    I need more practice — (=practical experience) necesito más práctica; (=to practise more) necesito practicar más

    • to be [out] of practice — (at sport) no estar en forma

    • it gets easier [with] practice — resulta más fácil con la práctica

    target 3., teaching 2.
    3) (Sport)(=training session) sesiónfde entrenamiento, entrenamientom
    4) (=rehearsal) ensayom

    •[choir] practice — ensayomde coro

    5) (=reality) prácticaf

    •[in] practice — en la práctica

    • to [put] sth into practice — poner algo en práctica

    6) (=exercise)
    a) [of profession]ejerciciom

    • to be [in] practice (as a doctor/lawyer) — ejercer (de médico/abogado)

    • to go [into] practice — (Med)empezar a ejercer de médico

    • to [set up] in practice — (Med)poner consulta; (Jur)poner bufete

    to set up in practice as a doctor/solicitor — establecerse de {or} como médico/abogado

    b) [of religion]prácticaf
    7) (=premises, firm) (Jur)bufetem; (Med)consultoriom, consultaf; (veterinary, dental) clínicaf

    a new doctor has just joined the practice — acaba de llegar un médico nuevo al consultorio; family; general; group; private

    2.
    VT
    VI (US) = practise
    3.
    CPD

    practice flightN — vuelomde entrenamiento

    practice gameN — juegomde entrenamiento

    practice managerN — [of medical practice]director(a)m/fde clínica (médica)

    practice matchN — partidomde entrenamiento

    practice nurseN — enfermero(-a)m/fdel consultorio

    practice runN — (Sport)carrerafde entrenamiento

    practice sessionN — (Sport)sesiónfde entrenamiento; (Scol, Mus)ensayom

    * * *
    ['præktəs, 'præktɪs]
    I
    1) u (training, repetition) práctica f

    piano practice — ejercicios mpl de piano

    target practice — prácticas fpl de tiro

    practice teaching o (BrE) teaching practice — prácticas fpl de magisterio

    practice makes perfect — la práctica hace al maestro; (before n) < game> de entrenamiento

    practice session — ( Sport) sesión f de entrenamiento; ( Mus) ensayo m

    2) u
    a) (carrying out, implementing) práctica f

    to put something into practice — llevar algo a la práctica, poner* algo en práctica

    b) ( exercise of profession) ejercicio m
    3) c u (custom, procedure) costumbre f

    it's our practice to take up references — solemos or acostumbramos pedir referencias

    working practices — métodos mpl de trabajo

    4) c
    a) ( Med) consultorio m, consulta f
    b) ( Law) bufete m, estudio m jurídico (CS)

    II
    1.
    BrE practise transitive verb
    1) ( rehearse) practicar*; \<\<song/act\>\> ensayar
    2)
    a) \<\<belief/Christianity\>\> practicar*

    he doesn't practice what he preaches — no hace lo que predica, no predica con el ejemplo

    b) (carry out, perform)
    c) \<\<doctor/lawyer\>\> ejercer*

    he practices law — ejerce de or como abogado, ejerce la abogacía

    3) practicing pres p
    a) <doctor/lawyer> en ejercicio (de su profesión)
    b) < Catholic> practicante
    c) < homosexual> activo

    2.
    vi
    1) (rehearse, train) practicar*
    2) ( professionally) ejercer*

    English-spanish dictionary > practice

  • 100 clock

    I [klɔk] 1. сущ.
    1)
    а) часы (настенные, настольные, башенные) см. тж. watch I

    She looked at the clock on the wall. — Она посмотрела на часы на стене.

    - clock radio

    He crossed the finish line, saw the clock stopped at 37.40 and was astounded to realize that his team had taken.10 of a second from the world record set in 1991. — Он пересёк финишную черту, увидел, что секундомер показывает 37,40 и с изумлением понял, что его команда улучшила на одну десятую секунды мировой рекорд, установленный в 1991 г.

    2) ( the clock) разг.

    But the Scots equalised with just four minutes left on the clock. — Но за четыре минуты до конца матча шотландцы сравняли счёт.

    б) шкала (спидометра, одометра)

    a used Jaguar car with over 82,000 miles on the clock — подержанный "ягуар" с пробегом более 82000 миль

    I couldn't see the clock but I guess she was needling over a hundred. — Я не видел спидометра, но полагаю, что скорость была больше сотни.

    •
    Syn:
    dial 1. 1)
    3) ( the clock) время (прохождения дистанции, выполнения работы или задания)

    The competition involves an arduous ten kilometre run preceded by a long assault course, against the clock. — Соревнования включают в себя десятикилометровый кросс после преодоления длинной полосы препятствий (на время).

    We are working against the clock right now. — Сейчас мы работаем не покладая рук, так как времени у нас в обрез.

    4) разг. "табло", физиономия
    Syn:
    face 1.
    5) разг. удар кулаком
    Syn:
    punch I 1.
    ••

    to put / set back the clock — (пытаться) повернуть назад колесо истории; задерживать развитие

    - around the clock
    - round the clock
    - eat up the clock
    - run out the clock
    - kill the clock     2. гл.
    1) засекать ( время); определять, замерять ( скорость)

    He was clocked at 10.35 secs for the 100 metres. — Он пробежал стометровку за 10.35 секунд.

    A cheetah has been clocked at 103 ft. per second, twice the speed of a greyhound. — Гепарды способны развивать скорость до ста трёх футов в секунду (примерно 113 км/ч), что в два раза больше скорости гончих.

    2) показывать, регистрировать ( о приборе)

    Five minutes before the collision, the crash data recorder clocked the speed at 91 m.p.h. — За пять минут до столкновения аварийный бортовой самописец зарегистрировал скорость, равную девяносто одной миле в час.

    Syn:
    3) = clock up

    In the second round, Lewis clocked the best time of the day, 9.99 seconds. — Во втором забеге Льюис показал лучшее время по итогам дня – 9,99 секунд.

    He has clocked 158 hours in his private jet in the past month alone. — В одном только прошлом месяце он провёл на борту своего частного самолёта сто пятьдесят восемь часов.

    In the last three years you've clocked up more sick leave than anyone in the office. — В последние три года вы больше всех в нашей фирме провёли времени на больничном.

    Syn:
    put in 6)
    в) брит. приносить такую-то выручку, прибыль, доход

    The new thriller clocked up box office receipts in excess of $100 million. — Кассовые сборы нового триллера превысили сто миллионов долларов.

    Syn:
    realize 4) б)
    г) преодолевать такое-то расстояние

    The car has clocked 100,000 miles. — Этот автомобиль прошёл сто тысяч миль.

    ''We wanted a pool that was big enough to be worth swimming in, " explains Jonathan, who clocks two miles every day. — ''Мы хотели, чтобы у нас был достаточно большой плавательный бассейн'', - объясняет Джонатан, который ежедневно проплывает две мили.

    He clocked up another win. — Он одержал ещё одну победу.

    4) иметь такую-то продолжительность или скорость

    The speech clocked in at under 45 minutes. — Выступление длилось не более 45 минут.

    His throws clocked in at more than 70 miles an hour. — Брошенные им мячи летели со скоростью семьдесят миль в час и выше.

    5) брит.; разг. ударить, влепить, вмазать

    I clocked him one in the eye. — Я засветил ему в глаз.

    6) брит.; разг. замечать, засекать

    I clocked her and her husband but I don't think she saw us. — Я заметила её и её мужа, но вряд ли она заметила нас.

    Syn:
    notice 2.
    7) брит.; разг. "скручивать" пробег (выставлять фальшивые показания на одометре, пытаясь занизить степень износа автомобиля)
    •
    - clock off
    - clock on
    - clock out
    - clock up     II [klɔk] сущ.; текст.
    тканый или шитый узор (на лодыжке чулка, носка)

    Англо-русский современный словарь > clock

Страницы

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