pluto

nĭger, gra, grum ( gen. fem. nigraï, Lucr. 4, 537; comp. nigrior, Ov. H. 18, 7), adj., black, sable, dark, dusky (cf.: ater, pullus).

Lit.:

quae alba sint, quae nigra, dicere,

Cic. Div. 2, 3, 9:

quamvis ille niger, quamvis tu candidus esses,

Verg. E. 2, 16:

hederae nigrae,

id. G. 2, 258:

silvae (= umbrosae),

Hor. C. 1, 21, 7:

frons,

id. ib. 4, 4, 58:

collis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 11:

lucus,

Ov. F. 3, 295 (for which atrum nemus, Verg. A. 1, 165):

caelum pice nigrius,

Ov. H. 18, 7:

nigerrimus Auster,

i. e. causing darkness, Verg. G. 3, 278; so,

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 7:

Eurus,

id. Epod. 10, 5:

nigros efferre maritos,

i. e. killed by poison, Juv. 1, 71; cf.:

pocula nigra,

poisoned, Prop. 2, 20, 68 (3, 23, 10).—Prov.: facere candida de nigris;

nigra in candida vertere,

to turn black into white, Juv. 3, 29; cf. Ov. M. 11, 315.— Subst.: nĭgrum, i, n., a black spot, Ov. A. A. 1, 291.—

Trop.

Of or pertaining to death:

nigrorumque memor, dum licet, ignium (= lugubris rogi),

of the funeral pile, Hor. C. 4, 12, 26:

hora,

Tib. 3, 5, 5:

dies,

the day of death, Prop. 2 (3), 19, 19:

Juppiter niger,

i. e. Pluto, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1705.—

Sad, mournful:

domus,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 18; Val. Fl. 3, 404.—

Unlucky, ill-omened: huncine solem Tam nigrum surrexe mihi? Hor. S. 1, 9, 72; Prop. 2, 21, 38 (3, 25, 4): lapis, the spot in the Comitium where Romulus or one of his adherents was slain, Paul. ex Fest. p. 177 Müll.—

Of character, black, bad, wicked:

Phormio, nec minus niger, nec minus confidens, quam ille Terentianus est Phormio,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27:

hic niger est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85.

Nĭger, gri, m., a Roman surname:

Aquilius Niger,

Suet. Aug. 11.

Nĭger, gris, m., a river in Africa, Mart. Cap. 6, § 673; v. Nigris.

nĭger, gra, grum ( gen. fem. nigraï, Lucr. 4, 537; comp. nigrior, Ov. H. 18, 7), adj., black, sable, dark, dusky (cf.: ater, pullus).

Lit.:

quae alba sint, quae nigra, dicere,

Cic. Div. 2, 3, 9:

quamvis ille niger, quamvis tu candidus esses,

Verg. E. 2, 16:

hederae nigrae,

id. G. 2, 258:

silvae (= umbrosae),

Hor. C. 1, 21, 7:

frons,

id. ib. 4, 4, 58:

collis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 11:

lucus,

Ov. F. 3, 295 (for which atrum nemus, Verg. A. 1, 165):

caelum pice nigrius,

Ov. H. 18, 7:

nigerrimus Auster,

i. e. causing darkness, Verg. G. 3, 278; so,

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 7:

Eurus,

id. Epod. 10, 5:

nigros efferre maritos,

i. e. killed by poison, Juv. 1, 71; cf.:

pocula nigra,

poisoned, Prop. 2, 20, 68 (3, 23, 10).—Prov.: facere candida de nigris;

nigra in candida vertere,

to turn black into white, Juv. 3, 29; cf. Ov. M. 11, 315.— Subst.: nĭgrum, i, n., a black spot, Ov. A. A. 1, 291.—

Trop.

Of or pertaining to death:

nigrorumque memor, dum licet, ignium (= lugubris rogi),

of the funeral pile, Hor. C. 4, 12, 26:

hora,

Tib. 3, 5, 5:

dies,

the day of death, Prop. 2 (3), 19, 19:

Juppiter niger,

i. e. Pluto, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1705.—

Sad, mournful:

domus,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 18; Val. Fl. 3, 404.—

Unlucky, ill-omened: huncine solem Tam nigrum surrexe mihi? Hor. S. 1, 9, 72; Prop. 2, 21, 38 (3, 25, 4): lapis, the spot in the Comitium where Romulus or one of his adherents was slain, Paul. ex Fest. p. 177 Müll.—

Of character, black, bad, wicked:

Phormio, nec minus niger, nec minus confidens, quam ille Terentianus est Phormio,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27:

hic niger est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 85.

Nĭger, gri, m., a Roman surname:

Aquilius Niger,

Suet. Aug. 11.

Nĭger, gris, m., a river in Africa, Mart. Cap. 6, § 673; v. Nigris.

nox, noctis (collat. form of the abl. noctu; v. in the foll.: nox, adverb. for nocte; v. fin.), f. (once masc. in Cato; v. infra, I.) [Sanscr. nak, naktis, night; Gr. nux; Germ. Nacht; Engl. night; from root naç; cf. neco, nekus], night.

Lit.: hinc nox processit stellis ardentibus apta, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 343 Vahl.):

ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

in a day and a night, in twenty-four hours, id. ib. 2, 9, 24 (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

dinumerationibus noctium ac dierum,

id. ib. 3, 2, 3:

Milo mediā nocte in campum venit,

id. Att. 4, 3, 4:

omni nocte dieque,

Juv. 3, 105:

de nocte,

by night, Cic. Mur. 33, 69:

multā de nocte profectus est,

late at night, id. Att. 7, 4, 2; and:

vigilare de nocte,

id. Mur. 9, 22 (v. de, I. B. 2.):

multā nocte veni ad Pompeium,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

qui ad multam noctem vigilāssem,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

ad multam noctem pugnatum est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sub noctem naves solvit,

id. B. C. 1, 28:

noctes et dies urgeri,

night and day, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

qui (scrupulus) se dies noctesque stimulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6 et saep. (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

concubiā nocte visum esse in somnis ei, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 27, 57 (v. concubius).—

Abl. noctu: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 153 Vahl.); so,

hac noctu,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1. 116:

noctu hac,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 28: noctu concubiā, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.):

senatus de noctu convenire, noctu multā domum dimitti, Quadrig. ib.: ergo noctu futura, cum media esse coeperit, auspicium Saturnaliorum erit,

Macr. S. 1, 4 fin. —Once masc. (as in cum primo lucu;

v. lux): in sereno noctu,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3.—

In partic., personified: Nox, the goddess of Night, the sister of Erebus, and by him the mother of Æther and Hemera, Cic. N. D. 2, 17, 44; Hyg. Fab. prooem.; Verg. A. 5, 721; Serv. Verg. A. 6, 250; Tib. 2, 1, 87; 3, 4 17; Ov. F. 1, 455; Val. Fl. 3, 211; Stat. Th. 2, 59 et saep.—

Transf.

That which takes place or is done at night, nightdoings, night-work ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

omnis et insanā semita nocte sonat,

nocturnal noise, a revelling by night, Prop. 5, 8, 60; Val. Fl. 2, 219.—Hence, Noctes Atticae, the title of a work of Gellius, which he wrote at Athens by night, Gell. praef.—

Sleep, a dream ( poet.): pectore noctem Accipit, [p. 1221] Verg. A. 4, 530:

talia vociferans noctem exturbabat,

Stat. Th. 10, 219:

abrupere oculi noctem,

id. ib. 9, 599; Sil. 3, 216.—

In mal. part., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21; id. As. 1, 3, 42; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5; Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Stat. Th. 1, 69; Just. 12, 3 et saep.; cf.:

nox vidua,

Cat. 6, 7; Ov. H. 19, 69.—

Death ( poet.):

omnes una manet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 15:

jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 16:

in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem,

Verg. A. 10, 746.—

Darkness, obscurity, the gloom of tempest:

quae lucem eriperet et quasi noctem quandam rebus offunderet,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

carcer infernus et perpetuā nocte oppressa regio,

Sen. Ep. 82, 16:

taetrā nimborum nocte coörtā,

Lucr. 4, 172:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 3, 194:

venturam melius praesagit navita noctem,

Prop. 4, 10, 5 (mortem, Müll.).—Hence, poet., of clouds of missiles, Luc. 7, 520; Val. Fl. 7, 598:

veteris sub nocte cupressi,

the shadow, id. 1, 774.—

Blindness:

perpetuāque trahens inopem sub nocte senectam Phineus,

Ov. M. 7, 2: ego vero non video, nox oboritur, Sen. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 43: vultus perpetuā nocte coöpertus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 1, 6. —

The shades below, the infernal regions:

descendere nocti,

Sil. 13, 708:

noctis arbiter,

i. e. Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 55.—

Trop.

Darkness, confusion, gloomy condition:

doleo me in hanc rei publicae noctem incidisse,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330; cf.:

rei publicae offusa sempiterna nox esset,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

nox ingens scelerum,

Luc. 7, 571.—

Mental darkness, ignorance ( poet.):

quantum mortalia pectora caecae Noctis habent,

Ov. M. 6, 472.—

Obscurity, unintelligibility:

mei versus aliquantum noctis habebunt,

Ov. Ib. 63.— Hence, adv.: nocte, noctū (cf. diu), and nox, in the night, at night, by night.

Form nocte (rare but class.):

luce noctem, nocte lucem exspectatis,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48:

in campum nocte venire,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4 (shortly after:

in Comitium Milo de nocte venit): nec discernatur, interdiu nocte pugnent,

Liv. 8, 34 fin.; so id. 21, 32, 10; cf.:

nec nocte nec interdiu,

id. 1, 47; Juv. 3, 127, 198:

velut nocte in ignotis locis errans,

Quint. 7 prol. 3.—

Form noctu (so most freq.): ob Romam noctu legiones ducere coepit, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.):

noctuque et diu,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 5; so, noctu diuque, Titin. and Sall. Hist. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.; cf.: nec noctu nec diu, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 98, 27:

continuum diu noctuque iter properabant,

Tac. A. 15, 12 fin.:

quā horā, noctu an interdiu,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.:

noctu ambulabat in publico Themistocles,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

noctu ad oppidum respicientes,

id. Div. 1, 32, 69; id. Fam. 14, 7, 1:

noctu Jugurthae milites introducit,

Sall. J. 12, 4:

noctu profugere,

id. ib. 106, 2:

dum noctu stertit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27:

noctu litigare,

Juv. 6, 35; 605; 14, 306.—

Form nox (cf. pernox, and the Gr. nuktos, only ante-class.): SI NOX FVRTVM FACTVM SIT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 med.:

hinc media remis Palinurum pervenio nox,

Lucil. Sat. 3, 22: quin tu hic manes? Arg. Nox si voles manebo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 7 Ussing (al. mox); cf. id. Trin. 4, 2, 22 Brix, Krit. Anh. and Ritschl, ed. 2: si luci, si nox, si mox, si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.); cf. Gell. 12, 1.

nox, noctis (collat. form of the abl. noctu; v. in the foll.: nox, adverb. for nocte; v. fin.), f. (once masc. in Cato; v. infra, I.) [Sanscr. nak, naktis, night; Gr. nux; Germ. Nacht; Engl. night; from root naç; cf. neco, nekus], night.

Lit.: hinc nox processit stellis ardentibus apta, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 343 Vahl.):

ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

in a day and a night, in twenty-four hours, id. ib. 2, 9, 24 (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

dinumerationibus noctium ac dierum,

id. ib. 3, 2, 3:

Milo mediā nocte in campum venit,

id. Att. 4, 3, 4:

omni nocte dieque,

Juv. 3, 105:

de nocte,

by night, Cic. Mur. 33, 69:

multā de nocte profectus est,

late at night, id. Att. 7, 4, 2; and:

vigilare de nocte,

id. Mur. 9, 22 (v. de, I. B. 2.):

multā nocte veni ad Pompeium,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

qui ad multam noctem vigilāssem,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

ad multam noctem pugnatum est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sub noctem naves solvit,

id. B. C. 1, 28:

noctes et dies urgeri,

night and day, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

qui (scrupulus) se dies noctesque stimulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6 et saep. (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

concubiā nocte visum esse in somnis ei, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 27, 57 (v. concubius).—

Abl. noctu: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 153 Vahl.); so,

hac noctu,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1. 116:

noctu hac,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 28: noctu concubiā, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.):

senatus de noctu convenire, noctu multā domum dimitti, Quadrig. ib.: ergo noctu futura, cum media esse coeperit, auspicium Saturnaliorum erit,

Macr. S. 1, 4 fin. —Once masc. (as in cum primo lucu;

v. lux): in sereno noctu,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3.—

In partic., personified: Nox, the goddess of Night, the sister of Erebus, and by him the mother of Æther and Hemera, Cic. N. D. 2, 17, 44; Hyg. Fab. prooem.; Verg. A. 5, 721; Serv. Verg. A. 6, 250; Tib. 2, 1, 87; 3, 4 17; Ov. F. 1, 455; Val. Fl. 3, 211; Stat. Th. 2, 59 et saep.—

Transf.

That which takes place or is done at night, nightdoings, night-work ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

omnis et insanā semita nocte sonat,

nocturnal noise, a revelling by night, Prop. 5, 8, 60; Val. Fl. 2, 219.—Hence, Noctes Atticae, the title of a work of Gellius, which he wrote at Athens by night, Gell. praef.—

Sleep, a dream ( poet.): pectore noctem Accipit, [p. 1221] Verg. A. 4, 530:

talia vociferans noctem exturbabat,

Stat. Th. 10, 219:

abrupere oculi noctem,

id. ib. 9, 599; Sil. 3, 216.—

In mal. part., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21; id. As. 1, 3, 42; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5; Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Stat. Th. 1, 69; Just. 12, 3 et saep.; cf.:

nox vidua,

Cat. 6, 7; Ov. H. 19, 69.—

Death ( poet.):

omnes una manet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 15:

jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 16:

in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem,

Verg. A. 10, 746.—

Darkness, obscurity, the gloom of tempest:

quae lucem eriperet et quasi noctem quandam rebus offunderet,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

carcer infernus et perpetuā nocte oppressa regio,

Sen. Ep. 82, 16:

taetrā nimborum nocte coörtā,

Lucr. 4, 172:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 3, 194:

venturam melius praesagit navita noctem,

Prop. 4, 10, 5 (mortem, Müll.).—Hence, poet., of clouds of missiles, Luc. 7, 520; Val. Fl. 7, 598:

veteris sub nocte cupressi,

the shadow, id. 1, 774.—

Blindness:

perpetuāque trahens inopem sub nocte senectam Phineus,

Ov. M. 7, 2: ego vero non video, nox oboritur, Sen. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 43: vultus perpetuā nocte coöpertus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 1, 6. —

The shades below, the infernal regions:

descendere nocti,

Sil. 13, 708:

noctis arbiter,

i. e. Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 55.—

Trop.

Darkness, confusion, gloomy condition:

doleo me in hanc rei publicae noctem incidisse,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330; cf.:

rei publicae offusa sempiterna nox esset,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

nox ingens scelerum,

Luc. 7, 571.—

Mental darkness, ignorance ( poet.):

quantum mortalia pectora caecae Noctis habent,

Ov. M. 6, 472.—

Obscurity, unintelligibility:

mei versus aliquantum noctis habebunt,

Ov. Ib. 63.— Hence, adv.: nocte, noctū (cf. diu), and nox, in the night, at night, by night.

Form nocte (rare but class.):

luce noctem, nocte lucem exspectatis,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48:

in campum nocte venire,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4 (shortly after:

in Comitium Milo de nocte venit): nec discernatur, interdiu nocte pugnent,

Liv. 8, 34 fin.; so id. 21, 32, 10; cf.:

nec nocte nec interdiu,

id. 1, 47; Juv. 3, 127, 198:

velut nocte in ignotis locis errans,

Quint. 7 prol. 3.—

Form noctu (so most freq.): ob Romam noctu legiones ducere coepit, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.):

noctuque et diu,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 5; so, noctu diuque, Titin. and Sall. Hist. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.; cf.: nec noctu nec diu, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 98, 27:

continuum diu noctuque iter properabant,

Tac. A. 15, 12 fin.:

quā horā, noctu an interdiu,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.:

noctu ambulabat in publico Themistocles,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

noctu ad oppidum respicientes,

id. Div. 1, 32, 69; id. Fam. 14, 7, 1:

noctu Jugurthae milites introducit,

Sall. J. 12, 4:

noctu profugere,

id. ib. 106, 2:

dum noctu stertit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27:

noctu litigare,

Juv. 6, 35; 605; 14, 306.—

Form nox (cf. pernox, and the Gr. nuktos, only ante-class.): SI NOX FVRTVM FACTVM SIT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 med.:

hinc media remis Palinurum pervenio nox,

Lucil. Sat. 3, 22: quin tu hic manes? Arg. Nox si voles manebo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 7 Ussing (al. mox); cf. id. Trin. 4, 2, 22 Brix, Krit. Anh. and Ritschl, ed. 2: si luci, si nox, si mox, si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.); cf. Gell. 12, 1.

nox, noctis (collat. form of the abl. noctu; v. in the foll.: nox, adverb. for nocte; v. fin.), f. (once masc. in Cato; v. infra, I.) [Sanscr. nak, naktis, night; Gr. nux; Germ. Nacht; Engl. night; from root naç; cf. neco, nekus], night.

Lit.: hinc nox processit stellis ardentibus apta, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 343 Vahl.):

ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

in a day and a night, in twenty-four hours, id. ib. 2, 9, 24 (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

dinumerationibus noctium ac dierum,

id. ib. 3, 2, 3:

Milo mediā nocte in campum venit,

id. Att. 4, 3, 4:

omni nocte dieque,

Juv. 3, 105:

de nocte,

by night, Cic. Mur. 33, 69:

multā de nocte profectus est,

late at night, id. Att. 7, 4, 2; and:

vigilare de nocte,

id. Mur. 9, 22 (v. de, I. B. 2.):

multā nocte veni ad Pompeium,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

qui ad multam noctem vigilāssem,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

ad multam noctem pugnatum est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sub noctem naves solvit,

id. B. C. 1, 28:

noctes et dies urgeri,

night and day, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

qui (scrupulus) se dies noctesque stimulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6 et saep. (v. dies, I. B. 2.):

concubiā nocte visum esse in somnis ei, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 27, 57 (v. concubius).—

Abl. noctu: hac noctu filo pendebit Etruria tota, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 153 Vahl.); so,

hac noctu,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1. 116:

noctu hac,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 28: noctu concubiā, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.):

senatus de noctu convenire, noctu multā domum dimitti, Quadrig. ib.: ergo noctu futura, cum media esse coeperit, auspicium Saturnaliorum erit,

Macr. S. 1, 4 fin. —Once masc. (as in cum primo lucu;

v. lux): in sereno noctu,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3.—

In partic., personified: Nox, the goddess of Night, the sister of Erebus, and by him the mother of Æther and Hemera, Cic. N. D. 2, 17, 44; Hyg. Fab. prooem.; Verg. A. 5, 721; Serv. Verg. A. 6, 250; Tib. 2, 1, 87; 3, 4 17; Ov. F. 1, 455; Val. Fl. 3, 211; Stat. Th. 2, 59 et saep.—

Transf.

That which takes place or is done at night, nightdoings, night-work ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

omnis et insanā semita nocte sonat,

nocturnal noise, a revelling by night, Prop. 5, 8, 60; Val. Fl. 2, 219.—Hence, Noctes Atticae, the title of a work of Gellius, which he wrote at Athens by night, Gell. praef.—

Sleep, a dream ( poet.): pectore noctem Accipit, [p. 1221] Verg. A. 4, 530:

talia vociferans noctem exturbabat,

Stat. Th. 10, 219:

abrupere oculi noctem,

id. ib. 9, 599; Sil. 3, 216.—

In mal. part., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21; id. As. 1, 3, 42; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5; Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Stat. Th. 1, 69; Just. 12, 3 et saep.; cf.:

nox vidua,

Cat. 6, 7; Ov. H. 19, 69.—

Death ( poet.):

omnes una manet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 15:

jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 16:

in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem,

Verg. A. 10, 746.—

Darkness, obscurity, the gloom of tempest:

quae lucem eriperet et quasi noctem quandam rebus offunderet,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

carcer infernus et perpetuā nocte oppressa regio,

Sen. Ep. 82, 16:

taetrā nimborum nocte coörtā,

Lucr. 4, 172:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 3, 194:

venturam melius praesagit navita noctem,

Prop. 4, 10, 5 (mortem, Müll.).—Hence, poet., of clouds of missiles, Luc. 7, 520; Val. Fl. 7, 598:

veteris sub nocte cupressi,

the shadow, id. 1, 774.—

Blindness:

perpetuāque trahens inopem sub nocte senectam Phineus,

Ov. M. 7, 2: ego vero non video, nox oboritur, Sen. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 43: vultus perpetuā nocte coöpertus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 1, 6. —

The shades below, the infernal regions:

descendere nocti,

Sil. 13, 708:

noctis arbiter,

i. e. Pluto, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 55.—

Trop.

Darkness, confusion, gloomy condition:

doleo me in hanc rei publicae noctem incidisse,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330; cf.:

rei publicae offusa sempiterna nox esset,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

nox ingens scelerum,

Luc. 7, 571.—

Mental darkness, ignorance ( poet.):

quantum mortalia pectora caecae Noctis habent,

Ov. M. 6, 472.—

Obscurity, unintelligibility:

mei versus aliquantum noctis habebunt,

Ov. Ib. 63.— Hence, adv.: nocte, noctū (cf. diu), and nox, in the night, at night, by night.

Form nocte (rare but class.):

luce noctem, nocte lucem exspectatis,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48:

in campum nocte venire,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4 (shortly after:

in Comitium Milo de nocte venit): nec discernatur, interdiu nocte pugnent,

Liv. 8, 34 fin.; so id. 21, 32, 10; cf.:

nec nocte nec interdiu,

id. 1, 47; Juv. 3, 127, 198:

velut nocte in ignotis locis errans,

Quint. 7 prol. 3.—

Form noctu (so most freq.): ob Romam noctu legiones ducere coepit, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.):

noctuque et diu,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 5; so, noctu diuque, Titin. and Sall. Hist. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.; cf.: nec noctu nec diu, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 98, 27:

continuum diu noctuque iter properabant,

Tac. A. 15, 12 fin.:

quā horā, noctu an interdiu,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.:

noctu ambulabat in publico Themistocles,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

noctu ad oppidum respicientes,

id. Div. 1, 32, 69; id. Fam. 14, 7, 1:

noctu Jugurthae milites introducit,

Sall. J. 12, 4:

noctu profugere,

id. ib. 106, 2:

dum noctu stertit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27:

noctu litigare,

Juv. 6, 35; 605; 14, 306.—

Form nox (cf. pernox, and the Gr. nuktos, only ante-class.): SI NOX FVRTVM FACTVM SIT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 med.:

hinc media remis Palinurum pervenio nox,

Lucil. Sat. 3, 22: quin tu hic manes? Arg. Nox si voles manebo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 7 Ussing (al. mox); cf. id. Trin. 4, 2, 22 Brix, Krit. Anh. and Ritschl, ed. 2: si luci, si nox, si mox, si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.); cf. Gell. 12, 1.

Orcus, i, m. [kindr. with herkos and the Lat. urgeo:

Orcum quem dicimus, ait Verrius ab antiquis dictum uragum,

Fest. p. 202 Müll.—Hence, prop., that which impels, constrains, confines]. the Lower World, the abode of the dead, Orcus: Acherunsia templa alta Orci, salvete infera, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 107 Vahl.); Lucr. 1, 115; 6, 762:

Minos sedet arbiter Orci,

Prop. 4, 18, 27; Verg. A. 6, 273. —

Transf.

The god of the infernal regions, Orcus, Pluto:

Orcus recipere ad se hanc noluit,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 6:

bene vale, apud Orcum te videbo,

id. As. 3, 3, 16:

ut Verres alter Orcus, venisse Ennam, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111:

pallidus,

Verg. G. 1, 277.—

Death (mostly poet.):

horriferis accibant vocibus Orcum,

Lucr. 5, 996; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 178:

Orcum morari,

to hesitate to die, id. C. 3, 27, 50:

rapacis Orci fine destinatā,

id. ib. 2, 18, 30: cum Orco rationem habere, to risk one's life, Varr. R. [p. 1277] R. 1, 4:

janua haec Orci,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 1.

Orpheus (dissyl.), i (Gr. dat. Orphei, Verg. E. 4, 57; Gr. acc. Orphĕă, Verg. E. 6, 30; Ov. P. 3, 3, 41:

Orphēā,

id. M. 10, 3; voc. Orpheu, Verg. G. 4, 494; Ov. M. 11, 44), m., = Orpheus, the famous mythic singer of Thrace, son of Œagrus and Calliope, and husband of Eurydice; after her death he led her back from the Lower World, but lost her on turning to look at her, breaking his promise to Pluto. He was one of the Argonauts, Hor. C. 1, 12, 8; Ov. M. 10, 3 sq.; 11, 5 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 164; 251; Verg. E. 4, 55; Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107 et saep.—Hence,

Or-phēus, a, um, adj., = Orpheios, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphean ( poet.):

vox,

Ov. M. 10, 3:

lyra,

Prop. 1, 3, 42.—

Or-phĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphikos, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphic (class.):

carmen,

Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107:

sacra Orphica,

id. 3, 23, 58:

versus,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 17.—

Orphăĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphaikos, Orphic. —In plur. subst.: Orphăĭci, ōrum, m., the Orphics, the followers of Orpheus, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12.

Orpheus (dissyl.), i (Gr. dat. Orphei, Verg. E. 4, 57; Gr. acc. Orphĕă, Verg. E. 6, 30; Ov. P. 3, 3, 41:

Orphēā,

id. M. 10, 3; voc. Orpheu, Verg. G. 4, 494; Ov. M. 11, 44), m., = Orpheus, the famous mythic singer of Thrace, son of Œagrus and Calliope, and husband of Eurydice; after her death he led her back from the Lower World, but lost her on turning to look at her, breaking his promise to Pluto. He was one of the Argonauts, Hor. C. 1, 12, 8; Ov. M. 10, 3 sq.; 11, 5 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 164; 251; Verg. E. 4, 55; Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107 et saep.—Hence,

Or-phēus, a, um, adj., = Orpheios, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphean ( poet.):

vox,

Ov. M. 10, 3:

lyra,

Prop. 1, 3, 42.—

Or-phĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphikos, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphic (class.):

carmen,

Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107:

sacra Orphica,

id. 3, 23, 58:

versus,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 17.—

Orphăĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphaikos, Orphic. —In plur. subst.: Orphăĭci, ōrum, m., the Orphics, the followers of Orpheus, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12.

Orpheus (dissyl.), i (Gr. dat. Orphei, Verg. E. 4, 57; Gr. acc. Orphĕă, Verg. E. 6, 30; Ov. P. 3, 3, 41:

Orphēā,

id. M. 10, 3; voc. Orpheu, Verg. G. 4, 494; Ov. M. 11, 44), m., = Orpheus, the famous mythic singer of Thrace, son of Œagrus and Calliope, and husband of Eurydice; after her death he led her back from the Lower World, but lost her on turning to look at her, breaking his promise to Pluto. He was one of the Argonauts, Hor. C. 1, 12, 8; Ov. M. 10, 3 sq.; 11, 5 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 164; 251; Verg. E. 4, 55; Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107 et saep.—Hence,

Or-phēus, a, um, adj., = Orpheios, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphean ( poet.):

vox,

Ov. M. 10, 3:

lyra,

Prop. 1, 3, 42.—

Or-phĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphikos, of or belonging to Orpheus, Orphic (class.):

carmen,

Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107:

sacra Orphica,

id. 3, 23, 58:

versus,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 17.—

Orphăĭcus, a, um, adj., = Orphaikos, Orphic. —In plur. subst.: Orphăĭci, ōrum, m., the Orphics, the followers of Orpheus, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12.

possessor, ōris, m. [id.], a possessor (class.)

Lit., Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 20:

bonorum,

id. Quint. 8, 30:

regni inertis,

i. e. Pluto, Luc. 6, 779; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 49.—Esp. t. t. in law (post-Aug.), the possessor of the thing claimed; hence, the defendant in a suit (opp. petitor), Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 2; Quint. 7, 1, 38; Paul. Sent. 5, 36, 1.—

Trop.:

Aquilo possessor Italici litoris,

Petr. 114.

praedo, āre, v. praedor fin.

praedo, ōnis, m. [praeda], one that makes booty, a plunderer, robber (syn.: latro, raptor).

Lit.:

ita in aedibus sunt fures, praedo in proximo'st,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 105:

hostes sunt, quibus bellum publice populus Romanus decrevit, vel ipsi populo Romano. Ceteri latrunculi vel praedones appellantur,

Dig. 49, 15, 24; Auct. Her. 2, 21, 33:

urbes piratis praedonibusque patefactae,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:

ut praedones solent,

id. ib. 2, 4, 9, §

21: nefarius,

id. de Or. 3, 1, 3:

praedones latronesque,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

maritimus,

a pirate, Nep. Them. 2, 3;

so alone: capiunt praedones navem illam,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 40:

perfidus, alta petens, abductā virgine, praedo,

Verg. A. 7, 362:

praedo nuptiarum mearum, i. e. the murderer of my husband,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 17: at neque Persephone digna est praedone marito, i. e. of Pluto, who had stolen her, Ov. F. 4, 591:

alibi praedo, alibi praedae vindex, cadit,

Liv. 38, 40.—

Transf., of drones, Col. 9, 15;

of the hawk,

Mart. 14, 116;

of persons who turn to their own use the property of others,

Dig. 5, 3, 25; 9, 4, 13.

prŏ-fundus, a, um, adj., deep, profound, vast (class.; syn. altus).

Lit.:

mare profundum et immensum,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15; Curt. 9, 4, 18:

per inane profundum,

Lucr. 1, 1108:

pontus,

Verg. A. 5, 614:

Acheron,

Lucr. 3, 978:

Danubius,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 21:

fornax,

Ov. M. 2, 229:

valles,

Stat. Th. 10, 95:

terrae foramen,

Just. 24, 6, 9:

atque hiavit humus multa, vasta, et profunda,

Sall. H. 4, 37 Dietsch:

vulnera,

Eum. Pan. Constant. 14.— Sup.:

profundissimus libidinum gurges,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.—

Subst.: prŏfundum, i, n., depth.

In gen.:

esse in profundo (aquae),

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48 [p. 1460] 4, 23, 64:

maris,

Suet. Tib. 40; Ov. Hal. 84:

immensa ac profunda camporum,

Just. 41, 1, 11.—

In partic.

The depths of the sea, the deep, the sea (class.): ex profundo molem ad caelum erigit, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

jecissem ipse me potius in profundum, ut ceteros conservarem, quam, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 20, 45:

profundo Vela dabit,

Verg. A. 12, 263:

vastum,

Val. Fl. 8, 314; Sil. 4, 246:

summum,

Ov. M. 2, 267:

indomitum,

id. Tr. 1, 11, 39:

pater ipse profundi,

i.e. Neptune, Val. Fl. 2, 606:

genitor profundi,

Ov. M. 11, 202:

Pamphylium,

Col. 8, 16, 9:

profundi imperium,

Juv. 13, 49; Hor. C. 4, 4, 65; Ov. H. 18, 89; id. M. 5, 439; 11, 197.—

In comic. lang., an abyss, meaning the stomach, in a lusus verbb. with fundus, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 79.—

Transf.

Thick, dense ( poet. and in post - class. prose):

Erebi nox,

Verg. A. 4, 26:

silvae,

Lucr. 5, 41; Curt. 7, 7, 4:

ursi villis profundioribus,

Sol. 26.—

Like altus, high ( poet.):

caelum profundum,

Verg. G. 4, 222:

caelum,

id. E. 4, 51; id. A. 1, 58; Val. Fl. 7, 478:

altitudo,

Liv. 38, 23; Tac. A. 2, 61.—

Subst.: prŏfundum, i, n., height:

altum caeli,

Manil. 5, 719.—

In a great quantity, copious, unlimited, without stint ( poet.):

merum,

Stat. Th. 5, 262.—

Of the underworld, infernal ( poet.):

Manes,

Verg. G. 1, 243:

Chaos,

Val. Fl. 7, 401:

Juppiter, i. e. Pluto,

Stat. Th. 1, 615:

Juno, = Proserpina,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2.—

Trop.

Deep, bottomless, profound, boundless, immoderate (class.):

profundae libidines,

Cic. Pis. 21, 48:

avaritia,

Sall. J. 81, 1:

cupido imperii et divitiarum,

id. H. 4, 61, 5:

vitia animi,

Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 14:

cupiditas confundendi omnia,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

securitas,

Gell. 1, 15, 2:

otium,

Nazar. Pan. Constant. 35:

profundissimā pace florere (=summā),

Mamert. Pan. Maxim. 14:

caedes,

Stat. Th. 10, 831:

tempestas,

id. Achill. 1, 45:

gula,

Suet. Vit. 13:

venter,

Curt. 10, 2, 26:

immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore,

i.e. with inexhaustible copiousness of expression, Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

scientia,

Macr. S. 3, 2, 7:

cum me somnus profundus in imum barathrum demergit,

App. M. 2, p. 125 fin.:

in profundam ruinam cupidinis se praecipitare,

id. ib. 8, p. 202, 1.—

Deep, obscure, unknown (post-Aug.):

in profundo esse,

to be unknown, Dig. 32, 15.—

Subst.: prŏfun-dum, i, n., a depth, abyss (class.):

in profundo veritatem penitus abstrudere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 32:

Democritus (dixit) in profundo veritatem esse demersam,

id. ib. 1, 12, 44:

in profundum ultimarum miseriarum abjectus,

Val. Max. 2, 10, 6:

immergere aliquem miserabiliter profundo cladium,

id. 2, 6, 9, ext. 7:

in profundum injuriarum et turpitudinis decidere,

id. 2, 9, 1, ext. 2; cf.:

de profundis clamavi ad te,

Vulg. Psa. 129, 1.—Hence, adv.: prŏfun-dē, deeply (post-Aug.):

in bibendo profundius nares mergere,

Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165; Vulg. Osee, 9, 9.

prŏ-fundus, a, um, adj., deep, profound, vast (class.; syn. altus).

Lit.:

mare profundum et immensum,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15; Curt. 9, 4, 18:

per inane profundum,

Lucr. 1, 1108:

pontus,

Verg. A. 5, 614:

Acheron,

Lucr. 3, 978:

Danubius,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 21:

fornax,

Ov. M. 2, 229:

valles,

Stat. Th. 10, 95:

terrae foramen,

Just. 24, 6, 9:

atque hiavit humus multa, vasta, et profunda,

Sall. H. 4, 37 Dietsch:

vulnera,

Eum. Pan. Constant. 14.— Sup.:

profundissimus libidinum gurges,

Cic. Sest. 43, 93.—

Subst.: prŏfundum, i, n., depth.

In gen.:

esse in profundo (aquae),

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48 [p. 1460] 4, 23, 64:

maris,

Suet. Tib. 40; Ov. Hal. 84:

immensa ac profunda camporum,

Just. 41, 1, 11.—

In partic.

The depths of the sea, the deep, the sea (class.): ex profundo molem ad caelum erigit, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 89:

jecissem ipse me potius in profundum, ut ceteros conservarem, quam, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 20, 45:

profundo Vela dabit,

Verg. A. 12, 263:

vastum,

Val. Fl. 8, 314; Sil. 4, 246:

summum,

Ov. M. 2, 267:

indomitum,

id. Tr. 1, 11, 39:

pater ipse profundi,

i.e. Neptune, Val. Fl. 2, 606:

genitor profundi,

Ov. M. 11, 202:

Pamphylium,

Col. 8, 16, 9:

profundi imperium,

Juv. 13, 49; Hor. C. 4, 4, 65; Ov. H. 18, 89; id. M. 5, 439; 11, 197.—

In comic. lang., an abyss, meaning the stomach, in a lusus verbb. with fundus, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 79.—

Transf.

Thick, dense ( poet. and in post - class. prose):

Erebi nox,

Verg. A. 4, 26:

silvae,

Lucr. 5, 41; Curt. 7, 7, 4:

ursi villis profundioribus,

Sol. 26.—

Like altus, high ( poet.):

caelum profundum,

Verg. G. 4, 222:

caelum,

id. E. 4, 51; id. A. 1, 58; Val. Fl. 7, 478:

altitudo,

Liv. 38, 23; Tac. A. 2, 61.—

Subst.: prŏfundum, i, n., height:

altum caeli,

Manil. 5, 719.—

In a great quantity, copious, unlimited, without stint ( poet.):

merum,

Stat. Th. 5, 262.—

Of the underworld, infernal ( poet.):

Manes,

Verg. G. 1, 243:

Chaos,

Val. Fl. 7, 401:

Juppiter, i. e. Pluto,

Stat. Th. 1, 615:

Juno, = Proserpina,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 2.—

Trop.

Deep, bottomless, profound, boundless, immoderate (class.):

profundae libidines,

Cic. Pis. 21, 48:

avaritia,

Sall. J. 81, 1:

cupido imperii et divitiarum,

id. H. 4, 61, 5:

vitia animi,

Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 14:

cupiditas confundendi omnia,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

securitas,

Gell. 1, 15, 2:

otium,

Nazar. Pan. Constant. 35:

profundissimā pace florere (=summā),

Mamert. Pan. Maxim. 14:

caedes,

Stat. Th. 10, 831:

tempestas,

id. Achill. 1, 45:

gula,

Suet. Vit. 13:

venter,

Curt. 10, 2, 26:

immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore,

i.e. with inexhaustible copiousness of expression, Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

scientia,

Macr. S. 3, 2, 7:

cum me somnus profundus in imum barathrum demergit,

App. M. 2, p. 125 fin.:

in profundam ruinam cupidinis se praecipitare,

id. ib. 8, p. 202, 1.—

Deep, obscure, unknown (post-Aug.):

in profundo esse,

to be unknown, Dig. 32, 15.—

Subst.: prŏfun-dum, i, n., a depth, abyss (class.):

in profundo veritatem penitus abstrudere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 32:

Democritus (dixit) in profundo veritatem esse demersam,

id. ib. 1, 12, 44:

in profundum ultimarum miseriarum abjectus,

Val. Max. 2, 10, 6:

immergere aliquem miserabiliter profundo cladium,

id. 2, 6, 9, ext. 7:

in profundum injuriarum et turpitudinis decidere,

id. 2, 9, 1, ext. 2; cf.:

de profundis clamavi ad te,

Vulg. Psa. 129, 1.—Hence, adv.: prŏfun-dē, deeply (post-Aug.):

in bibendo profundius nares mergere,

Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165; Vulg. Osee, 9, 9.

Prō̆serpĭna, ae, f., = Persephonê.

Proserpine, daughter of Ceres and Jupiter, and wife of Pluto, who seized her as she was gathering flowers in Sicily, and carried her away to the infernal regions:

Cereris Proserpina puer,

Naev. 2, 18; cf. Cic. N. D. 3, 21, 53; 3, 34, 83; Ov. M. 5, 391; Hyg. Fab. 146.—

Poet., for the Lower World:

sed me Imperiosa trahit Proserpina: vive, valeque,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.

rex, rēgis ( gen. plur regerum, Gell. ap. Charis p. 40 P.), m. [rego], a ruler of a country, a king.

Lit.:

omnis res publica, quae ut dixi populi res est, consilio quodam regenda est, ut diuturna sit. Id autem consilium aut uni tribuendum est aut delectis quibusdam, etc. Cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et regnum ejus rei publicae statum, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

1, 42, 65: simulatque se inflexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. ib. 2, 26, 49: rex Albai Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

regum sapientia,

id. ib. 2, 6, 11:

rex Ancus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 5:

Anco regi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 35:

regem deligere,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

creare,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

constituere,

id. ib. 2, 18, 33;

20: reges, nam in terris nomen imperi id primum fuit,

Sall. C. 2, 1:

regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt,

id. ib. 7, 2:

monumenta regis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 15:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6:

urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

post reges exactos,

Liv. 2, 8.— A very odious name in the time of the Republic, i. q. tyrant, despot:

pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat (populus Romanus),

Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 53; cf.:

hoc nomen (sc. tyranni) Graeci regis injusti esse voluerunt: nostri quidem omnes reges vocitaverunt, qui soli in populos perpetuam potestatem haberent. Itaque et Spurius Cassius et M. Manlius et Spurius Maelius regnum occupare voluisse dicti sunt, et modo (Ti. Gracchus),

id. ib. 2, 27, 50 Mos.:

rex populi Romani,

i. e. Cæsar, id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

decem reges aerarii,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 14;

v. also regnum, regno, and dominus, with tetrarcha,

id. Mil. 28, 76; Hor. S. 1, 3, 12; Sall. C. 20, 7; v. Fabri ad h. l.— In ancient Rome the king had also priestly dignities and duties; hence, after the kings were expelled, the name rex (like basileus) continued to be given in relig. lang. to the priest who performed these duties; hence, rex sacrificulus, sacrificus, sacrorum; v. sacrificulus; and rex Nemorensis, i. e. priest of Diana Aricina, Suet. Calig. 35.—

Poet., as adj., ruling, that rules or sways:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21.—

kat exochên, acc. to the Gr. basileus, the king of Persia, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 65; id. Eun. 3, 1, 7 and 11; Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Them. 3, 2; 4, 3; id. Paus. 1, 2 al.; cf of the king of the Parthi: regum rex (the Gr. basileus basileôn), Suet. Calig. 5; Amm. 17, 5, 3. —

Transf.

Of Jupiter, as king of gods and men:

quem (sc. Jovem) unum omnium deorum et hominum regem esse omnes doctrinā expoliti consentiunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56; cf.

of the same: summi deum regis,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 3, 2; and:

divom pater atque hominum rex,

Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10 2, 743 (with this cf.:

o qui res hominumque deumque Aeternis regis imperiis,

id. ib. 1, 229):

Olympi magnus rex,

id. ib. 5, 533; Hor. C. 4, 4, 2; id. Epod. 16, 56.—Sometimes also of other deities, as rulers of the realms assigned to them:

aquarum,

i. e. Neptune, Ov. M. 10, 606; so,

aequoreus,

id. ib. 8, 603:

umbrarum,

i.e. Pluto, id. ib. 7, 249; so,

silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

rex infernus,

Verg. A. 6, 106:

tertiae sortis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 833:

Stygius,

Verg. A. 6, 252:

antiqui poli, mundique prioris,

i.e. Saturn, Mart. 12, 62.—Of Æolus, Verg. A. 1, 52 et saep.—

In gen., head, chief, leader, master, etc. (mostly poet.); of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 544; 575; 6, 55; 7, 220;

of lions,

Phaedr. 4, 13, 4;

of the bull, as leader of the herd,

Stat. Th. 5, 333; 11, 28;

of the queen-bee,

Verg. G. 4, 106;

of the eagle,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 203;

of the Eridanus, as the first river of Italy,

Verg. G. 1, 482;

of Phanæan wine,

id. ib. 2, 98 et saep.; also, of the master of a feast, like the Greek basileus:

mensae,

Macr. S. 2, 1; so absol. (sc. convivii), Prud. Cath. 9, 30 (cf. regnum and dominus); of a governor, preceptor of youth:

actae pueritiae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 8; of the leader, king in children's games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

rex inter ludentes delectus,

Just. 1, 5, 1; of the protector, patron of parasites, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 73; id. Capt. 1, 1, 24; id. Stich. 3, 2, 2; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 24:

coram rege suā de paupertate tacentes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 43; Mart. 2, 18, 5; Juv. 1, 136 et saep.; of the son of a king or chieftain, a prince, Verg. A. 9, 223; Val. Fl. 1, 174, Stat. Achill. 1, 156; Flor. 4, 9, 7 Duk. (cf. regulus and regina); of a powerful, rich, or fortunate person, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 58:

sive reges Sive inopes,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 11; 2, 18, 34:

regibus hic mos est,

id. S. 1, 2, 86; 2, 2, 45; id. A. P. 434. — Reges sometimes signifies the king and queen, Liv. 1, 39 init., 27, 4; sometimes the whole royal family, id. 2, 2, 11; 2, 3, 5; 45, 43, 9.— Poet., rex sometimes denotes the character, sentiments, or feelings of a king:

rex patrem (i.e. paternum animum) vicit,

Ov. M. 12, 30:

in rege pater est,

id. ib. 13, 187.

Rex, rēgis, m., a surname in the gens Marcia, e. g. Q. Marcius Rex, consul A. U. C. 686, Sall. C. 30, 3:

Q. (Marcius) Rex,

brotherin-law of Clodius, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 10 (in a lusus verbb. with rex, a tyrant, despot); cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 35:

P. Marcius Rex,

Liv. 43, 1 al.; cf. Suet. Caes. 6.

rex, rēgis ( gen. plur regerum, Gell. ap. Charis p. 40 P.), m. [rego], a ruler of a country, a king.

Lit.:

omnis res publica, quae ut dixi populi res est, consilio quodam regenda est, ut diuturna sit. Id autem consilium aut uni tribuendum est aut delectis quibusdam, etc. Cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et regnum ejus rei publicae statum, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

1, 42, 65: simulatque se inflexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. ib. 2, 26, 49: rex Albai Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

regum sapientia,

id. ib. 2, 6, 11:

rex Ancus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 5:

Anco regi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 35:

regem deligere,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

creare,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

constituere,

id. ib. 2, 18, 33;

20: reges, nam in terris nomen imperi id primum fuit,

Sall. C. 2, 1:

regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt,

id. ib. 7, 2:

monumenta regis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 15:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6:

urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

post reges exactos,

Liv. 2, 8.— A very odious name in the time of the Republic, i. q. tyrant, despot:

pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat (populus Romanus),

Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 53; cf.:

hoc nomen (sc. tyranni) Graeci regis injusti esse voluerunt: nostri quidem omnes reges vocitaverunt, qui soli in populos perpetuam potestatem haberent. Itaque et Spurius Cassius et M. Manlius et Spurius Maelius regnum occupare voluisse dicti sunt, et modo (Ti. Gracchus),

id. ib. 2, 27, 50 Mos.:

rex populi Romani,

i. e. Cæsar, id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

decem reges aerarii,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 14;

v. also regnum, regno, and dominus, with tetrarcha,

id. Mil. 28, 76; Hor. S. 1, 3, 12; Sall. C. 20, 7; v. Fabri ad h. l.— In ancient Rome the king had also priestly dignities and duties; hence, after the kings were expelled, the name rex (like basileus) continued to be given in relig. lang. to the priest who performed these duties; hence, rex sacrificulus, sacrificus, sacrorum; v. sacrificulus; and rex Nemorensis, i. e. priest of Diana Aricina, Suet. Calig. 35.—

Poet., as adj., ruling, that rules or sways:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21.—

kat exochên, acc. to the Gr. basileus, the king of Persia, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 65; id. Eun. 3, 1, 7 and 11; Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Them. 3, 2; 4, 3; id. Paus. 1, 2 al.; cf of the king of the Parthi: regum rex (the Gr. basileus basileôn), Suet. Calig. 5; Amm. 17, 5, 3. —

Transf.

Of Jupiter, as king of gods and men:

quem (sc. Jovem) unum omnium deorum et hominum regem esse omnes doctrinā expoliti consentiunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56; cf.

of the same: summi deum regis,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 3, 2; and:

divom pater atque hominum rex,

Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10 2, 743 (with this cf.:

o qui res hominumque deumque Aeternis regis imperiis,

id. ib. 1, 229):

Olympi magnus rex,

id. ib. 5, 533; Hor. C. 4, 4, 2; id. Epod. 16, 56.—Sometimes also of other deities, as rulers of the realms assigned to them:

aquarum,

i. e. Neptune, Ov. M. 10, 606; so,

aequoreus,

id. ib. 8, 603:

umbrarum,

i.e. Pluto, id. ib. 7, 249; so,

silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

rex infernus,

Verg. A. 6, 106:

tertiae sortis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 833:

Stygius,

Verg. A. 6, 252:

antiqui poli, mundique prioris,

i.e. Saturn, Mart. 12, 62.—Of Æolus, Verg. A. 1, 52 et saep.—

In gen., head, chief, leader, master, etc. (mostly poet.); of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 544; 575; 6, 55; 7, 220;

of lions,

Phaedr. 4, 13, 4;

of the bull, as leader of the herd,

Stat. Th. 5, 333; 11, 28;

of the queen-bee,

Verg. G. 4, 106;

of the eagle,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 203;

of the Eridanus, as the first river of Italy,

Verg. G. 1, 482;

of Phanæan wine,

id. ib. 2, 98 et saep.; also, of the master of a feast, like the Greek basileus:

mensae,

Macr. S. 2, 1; so absol. (sc. convivii), Prud. Cath. 9, 30 (cf. regnum and dominus); of a governor, preceptor of youth:

actae pueritiae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 8; of the leader, king in children's games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

rex inter ludentes delectus,

Just. 1, 5, 1; of the protector, patron of parasites, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 73; id. Capt. 1, 1, 24; id. Stich. 3, 2, 2; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 24:

coram rege suā de paupertate tacentes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 43; Mart. 2, 18, 5; Juv. 1, 136 et saep.; of the son of a king or chieftain, a prince, Verg. A. 9, 223; Val. Fl. 1, 174, Stat. Achill. 1, 156; Flor. 4, 9, 7 Duk. (cf. regulus and regina); of a powerful, rich, or fortunate person, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 58:

sive reges Sive inopes,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 11; 2, 18, 34:

regibus hic mos est,

id. S. 1, 2, 86; 2, 2, 45; id. A. P. 434. — Reges sometimes signifies the king and queen, Liv. 1, 39 init., 27, 4; sometimes the whole royal family, id. 2, 2, 11; 2, 3, 5; 45, 43, 9.— Poet., rex sometimes denotes the character, sentiments, or feelings of a king:

rex patrem (i.e. paternum animum) vicit,

Ov. M. 12, 30:

in rege pater est,

id. ib. 13, 187.

Rex, rēgis, m., a surname in the gens Marcia, e. g. Q. Marcius Rex, consul A. U. C. 686, Sall. C. 30, 3:

Q. (Marcius) Rex,

brotherin-law of Clodius, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 10 (in a lusus verbb. with rex, a tyrant, despot); cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 35:

P. Marcius Rex,

Liv. 43, 1 al.; cf. Suet. Caes. 6.

Sāturnus (old collat. form Sāteur-nus, Fest. pp. 323 and 325 Müll., and SAETVRNVS, on a vase; v. Ritschl, de Fictil. Litteratis, and Schweizer, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 65 sq.), i, m. [1. sero;

ab satu est dictus Saturnus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.], Saturn; according to the myth, the most ancient king of Latium, who came to Italy in the reign of Janus; afterwards honored as the god of agriculture and of civilization in general; hence early identified with the Kronos of the Greeks:

qui terram colerent, eos solos reliquos esse ex stirpe Saturni regis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

principes (dei) in Latio Saturnus et Ops,

id. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.:

primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari Maluit, etc.,

Verg. A. 8, 319 sq.; Ov. F. 1, 193; 1, 235 sq.; 6, 29 sq.; Tib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 5, 9 et saep.—As the god of time, Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64; Lact. 1, 12, 9.—As the sun-god of the Phœnicians, = Baal, Curt. 4, 3, 15:

Saturni sacra dies,

i. e. Saturday, Tib. 1, 3, 18:

Saturni Stella,

the planet Saturn, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; 2, 46, 119; id. Div. 1, 39, 85.—As subst.: Sāturnus, i, m., the planet Saturn, Hor. C. 2, 17, 23.—Hence,

Sāturnĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian:

stella,

i. e. the planet Saturn, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17: mons, an ancient name of the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll., and Fest. p. 322 ib.: terra, i. e. Latium, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 ib. (Ann. v. 25 Vahl.); Ov. F. 5, 625; also,

tellus,

Verg. A. 8, 329;

and arva,

id. ib. 1, 569; in a wider sense: tellus, for Italy, id. G. 2, 173:

regna,

i. e. the golden age, id. E. 4, 6: proles, i. e. Picus, a son of Saturn, Ov. M. 14, 320:

gens,

i. e. the Italians, id. F. 1, 237: Juno, as daughter of Saturn, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 Vahl.); Verg. A. 12, 156; Ov. M. 4, 447:

Juppiter,

id. ib. 9, 242;

also pater (sc. Superum),

Verg. A. 4, 372; Ov. M. 1, 163:

domitor maris,

i. e. Neptune, Verg. A. 5, 799:

virgo,

i. e. Vesta, Ov. F. 6, 383: versus, the Saturnian verse, the oldest kind of metre among the Romans, in use down to the time of Ennius, Fest. s. v. Saturnus, p. 325 Müll.; cf.

of the same, numerus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 158:

carmen,

Ter. Maur. p. 2439:

metrum,

Diom. p. 512; v. Herm. Doctr. Metr. III. 9, and Bernhardy, Röm. Lit. p. 70 sq.—

Sāturnĭus, ii, m.

Jupiter, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1113 P. (Ann. v. 444 Vahl.); Ov. M. 8, 703; Claud. Gigant. 16.—

Pluto, Ov. M. 5, 420.—

Sātur-nĭi, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the old town of Saturnia, on the Capitoline Hill, acc. to Fest. p. 325 Müll.—

Sāturnĭa, ae, f.

Juno, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 483 Vahl.); Verg. A. 1, 23; Ov. F. 1, 265; 2, 191; 5, 235; id. M. 1, 612 et saep. —

The town built by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, the fabled beginning of Rome, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 8, 358; Ov. F. 6, 31; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68; Fest. p. 322 Müll.—

Sāturnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Saturn, Saturnian; as an adj. only with festum, = Saturnalia.—

Subst.: Sāturnālĭa, iōrum, ibus (cf. on the gen.:

certum est licito et Saturnalium et Saturnaliorum dici,

Macr. S. 1, 4; Ruddim. 1, p. 97; v. also Bacchanalia, Compitalia, Vinalia, and the like), a general festival in honor of Saturn, beginning on the 17 th of December and lasting several days; the Saturnalia, Macr. S. 1, 7 sq.; Liv. 2, 21 sq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 22 Müll.; Fest. s. v. ferias, p. 86 ib.; Cato, R. R. 57, 2; Varr. L. L. 5, § 64 Müll.; Cat. 14, 15; Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5; id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 22, 1 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 3, 5 et saep.:

prima,

i. e. the first day of the Saturnalia, Liv. 30, 36 Drak. N. cr.:

secunda, tertia,

the second, third day of the Saturnalia, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf.:

vestra Saturnalia, said of the feriae matronales, as the festival of the women,

Mart. 5, 84, 11.—

Prov.: non semper Saturnalia erunt,

every day cannot be a holiday, Sen. Apoc. 12, § 2. —Hence,

Sāturnālĭcĭus or - tĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Saturnalia, Saturnalian (post-Aug.):

tributum,

i.e. a presen given on the Saturnalia, Mart. 10, 17, 1:

nuces,

id. 5, 30, 8; 7, 91, 2:

versus,

id. 5, 19, 11.—

Sāturnĭăcus, a, um, adj., of Saturn (late Lat.), Aug. c. Faust. 20, 13. [p. 1636]