optimates

factĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

A making, doing, preparing (very rare):

tabulae, quas is instituisset, cui testamenti factio nulla est,

the right of making a will, Cic. Top. 11, 50; cf.:

factionem testamenti habere,

id. Fam. 7, 21:

quae haec factio est?

conduct, dealing, proceeding, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 15; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 2.—

(Acc. to facio, II. B.; lit., a taking part or siding with any one; hence concr.) A company of persons associated or acting together, a class, order, sect, faction, party (syn.: pars, partes, causa, rebellio, perduellio, seditio).

In gen. (rare): cum vostris nostra non est aequa factio;

Affinitatem vobis aliam quaerite,

i. e. family, rank, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 51; cf.:

neque nos factione tanta, quanta tu, sumus,

id. Cist. 2, 1, 17; id. Trin. 2, 4, 66; 90; 96; id. Aul. 2, 1, 45: utrimque factiones tibi pares, Cato ap. Charis. p. 198 P.: alia (medicorum) factio coepit in Sicilia, i. e. class or school, Plin. 29, 1, 4, § 5:

est et alia magices factio, a Mose pendens,

id. 30, 1, 2, § 11:

lascivientium,

Vulg. Amos, 6, 7.—

In partic., a company of political adherents or partisans, a party, side, faction (class.;

among the republican Romans usually with the odious accessory notion of oligarchical): in Gallia non solum in omnibus civitatibus atque in omnibus pagis partibusque, sed paene etiam in singulis domibus factiones sunt, earumque factionum principes sunt, qui, etc.,

divisions, factions, Caes. B. G. 6, 11, 2 sq.:

paucorum factione oppressus,

id. B. C. 1, 22, 5; cf.:

in qua (Scaevolae oratione) invidia incitatur in judicum et in accusatorum factionem,

Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

haec inter bonos amicitia, inter malos factio est,

Sall. J. 31, 15:

conspiratis factionum partibus,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 4:

per vim et factionem,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

triginta illorum consensus et factio,

i. e. oligarchy, Cic. Rep. 1, 28; cf.:

cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio: sed vocantur illi optimates,

id. ib. 3, 14; 1, 44; cf.

also: ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

in factionis potestate,

id. ib. 3, 32:

principem factionis ad Philippum trahentium res,

Liv. 32, 19, 2; Tac. H. 1, 13; Suet. Claud. 13.—

Scenic t. t., a division, company, or party of charioteers at the Roman races (of which there were four, named after their colors:

albata, prasina, russata, veneta),

Suet. Calig. 55; id. Vit. 7; 14; id. Dom. 7; Inscr. Orell. 2593; cf. Fest. p. 86 Müll.; and Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 256.—Also of pantomimes, Suet. Ner. 16; and:

domini factionum = factionarii,

id. ib. 5; 22; Lampr. Com. 16.

fax, făcis (also in the nom. sing. ‡ faces, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 9 Müll.; gen. plur.: facum, acc. to Charis. p. 113 P., but without example), f. [root bhā, to shine; cf. favilla], a torch, firebrand, flambeau, link, orig. of pine or other resinous wood.

Lit. (syn.: taeda, funale, cerĕus, candela, lucerna, laterna): alii faces atque aridam materiem de muro in aggerem eminus jaciebant, * Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4; Liv. 22, 16, 7:

ambulare cum facibus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 52:

malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

ego faces jam accensas ad hujus urbis incendium exstinxi,

id. Pis. 2, 5:

servi in tecta nostra cum facibus immissi,

id. Att. 14, 10, 1; cf.:

faces incendere,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

si te in Capitolium faces ferre vellet,

id. Lael. 11, 37:

ardentem facem praeferre,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74:

castris inicere,

Tac. H. 4, 60;

subdere urbi,

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

faces ferro inspicare,

Verg. G. 1, 292; cf.:

facis incidere,

Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 233:

dilapsam in cineres facem,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 28.—At weddings, the torch carried before the bride on the way to her home, usually made of white-thorn (Spina alba) or pine, the nuptial torch: spina, nuptiarum facibus auspicatissima, Masur. ap. Plin. 16, 18, 30, § 75; Fest. s. v. patrimi, p. 245; s. v. rapi, p. 289 Müll.; Varr. ap. Non. 112, 27; id. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 8, 29; Plaut. Cas. 1, 30; Cat. 61, 98 sq.; Verg. E. 8, 29; Ov. M. 10, 6; Stat. Th. 2, 259 al.;

hence, nuptiales,

Cic. Clu. 6, 15; Liv. 30, 13, 12:

maritae,

Ov. H. 11, 101:

legitimae,

Luc. 2, 356.—Cf. Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 434, and v. infra. Torches were also carried in funeral processions, Verg. A. 11, 142; Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 17; Ov. F. 2, 561; id. H. 21, 172; Sen. Tranq. 11; id. Vit. Beat. fin.; id. Ep. 222;

and in the Eleusinian mysteries,

Juv. 15, 140.—An attribute of Cupid, Tib. 2, 1, 82; Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 16; Ov. M. 1, 461; 10, 312 al.;

of the Furies,

Verg. A. 7, 337; Ov. M. 4, 482; 508; 6, 430; Quint. 9, 3, 47 al.—

Transf.

On account of the use of torches at weddings ( poet.), a wedding, marriage:

face nuptiali digna,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 33; cf.:

te face sollemni junget sibi,

Ov. M. 7, 49.—And referring at the same time to the funeral torch:

viximus insignes inter utramque facem,

i. e. between marriage and death, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 46.—

The light of the heavenly bodies ( poet.):

dum roseā face sol inferret lumina caelo,

Lucr. 5, 976; cf.:

Phoebi fax, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: canentes Rite crescentem face Noctilucam,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 38:

aeterna fax,

i. e. the sun, Sen. Thyest. 835.—

A fiery meteor, fire-ball, shooting-star, comet:

noctivagaeque faces caeli flammaeque volantes,

Lucr. 5, 1191; cf.:

nocturnasque faces caeli, sublime volantes,

id. 2, 206:

emicant et faces non nisi cum decidunt visae, etc.,

Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

tum facibus visis caelestibus, tum stellis iis, quas Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Liv. 41, 21, 13; 29, 14, 3; Verg. A. 2, 694; Ov. M. 15, 787; Luc. 1, 528; Petr. 122; Sen. Oet. 232.—

Of lightning:

facem flammantem dirigere,

Val. Fl. 1, 569; id. 4, 671. —

Of the eyes:

oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces,

Prop. 2, 3, 14:

has ego credo faces, haec virginis ora Dianae,

Val. Fl. 5, 380; cf.:

tranquillaeque faces oculis et plurima vultu materinest,

Stat. Ach. 1, 164.—

Prima fax (noctis), early torchlight, immediately after dark (post-class.); cf.:

luminibus accensis, Auct. B. Afr. 89: tempus diei occiduum, mox suprema tempestas, hoc est diei novissimum tempus: deinde vespera: ab hoc tempore prima fax dicitur, deinde concubia, etc.,

Macr. S, 1, 3 fin.; Gell. 3, 2, 11; 18, 1 fin.; App. M. 2, p. 119, 20.

Trop.

That which illuminates, makes conspicuous ( poet.):

incipit parentum nobilitas facem praeferre pudendis,

Juv. 8, 139; cf. Sall. J. 80.—

That which inflames or incites, incitement, stimulus, cause of ruin, destruction (freq. and class.):

cum corporis facibus inflammari soleamus ad omnes fere cupiditates eoque magis incendi, quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

me torret face mutua Calais,

flame of love, Hor. C. 3, 9, 13; cf.:

iraï fax,

Lucr. 3, 303:

dicendi faces,

flames, fires of eloquence, Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 205; cf.:

alicui quasi quasdam verborum faces admovere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4:

alicui acriores ad studia dicendi faces subdere,

Quint. 1, 2, 25 Spald.:

hortator studii causaque faxque mei,

guide, leader, Ov. Pont. 1, 7, 28; and: incitator et fax omnium, Prud. steph. 10, 67:

subicere faces invidiae alicujus,

Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

flagrantibus jam militum animis velut faces addere,

Tac. H. 1, 24:

acerrimam bello facem praetulit,

id. ib. 2, 86:

(rogationes promulgavit) duas faces novantibus res ad plebem in optimates accendendam,

Liv. 32, 38, 9:

inde faces ardent, a dote,

Juv. 6, 139: adolescentulo ad libidinem facem praeferre, i. e. to be a leader or guide, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

Antonius omnium Clodi incendiorum fax,

instigator, id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; cf.:

fax accusationis et origo,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 3:

fax hujus belli (Hannibal),

Liv. 21, 10, 11; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

dolorum cum admoventur faces,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

(dolor) ardentes faces intentat,

id. ib. 5, 27, 76:

quae (Agrippinae) Gaium et Domitium Neronem principes genuere totidem facis generis humani,

destroyers, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45.— Absol.:

cum his furiis et facibus, cum his exitiosis prodigiis (i e. Gabinio et Pisone),

Cic. Har. Resp. 2, 4.

fĕro, tuli, latum, ferre (ante-class. redupl. form in the tempp. perff.:

tetuli,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.:

tetulit,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13:

tetulerunt,

Lucr. 6, § 672:

tetulissem,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:

tetulisse,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2:

tetulero,

id. Cist. 3, 19:

tetulerit,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101), v. a. and n. [a wide-spread root; Sanscr. bhar-, carry, bharas, burden; Gr. pherô; Goth. bar, bairo, bear, produce, whence barn, child; Anglo-Saxon beran, whence Engl. bear, birth; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300; Fick, Vergl. Wort. p. 135. The perf. forms, tuli, etc., from the root tul-, tol-; Sanscr. tol-jami, lift, weigh; Gr. tlênai, endure, cf. talas, talanton; Lat. tollo, tolerare, (t)latus, etc. Cf. Goth. thulan, Germ. dulden, Geduld; Anglo-Sax. tholian, suffer. Supine latum, i. e. tlatum; cf. supra; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 220; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 73], to bear, carry, bring. (For syn. cf.: gero, porto, bajulo, veho; effero, infero; tolero, patior, sino, permitto, etc.)

Lit.

In gen.:

ferri proprie dicimus, quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 235: oneris quidvis feret, Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 29:

quin te in fundo conspicer fodere aut arare aut aliquid ferre,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:

numerus eorum, qui arma ferre possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29, 1:

arma et vallum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 13:

sacra Junonis,

id. S. 1, 3, 11:

cadaver nudis humeris (heres),

id. ib. 2, 5, 86:

argentum ad aliquem,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 142; cf.:

symbolum filio,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 30:

olera et pisciculos minutos ferre obolo in cenam seni,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 32; cf.:

vina et unguenta et flores,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 14:

discerpta ferentes Memora gruis,

id. S. 2, 8, 86; cf.:

talos, nucesque sinu laxo,

id. ib. 2, 3, 172:

in Capitolium faces,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

iste operta lectica latus per oppidum est ut mortuus,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

lectica in Capitolium latus est,

Suet. Claud. 2:

circa judices latus (puer),

Quint. 6, 1, 47:

prae se ferens (in essedo) Darium puerum,

Suet. Calig. 19.— Poet. with inf.:

natum ad Stygios iterum fero mergere fontes,

Stat. Ach. 1, 134.—Prov.:

ferre aliquem in oculis, or simply oculis,

i. e. to hold dear, love exceedingly, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; Q. Cic. Fam. 16, 27, 2.—

In partic.

With the idea of motion predominating, to set in motion, esp. to move onward quickly or rapidly, to bear, lead, conduct, or drive away; with se or mid. (so esp. freq.), to move or go swiftly, to haste, speed, betake one's self; and of things, to flow, mount, run down.

Act.:

ubi in rapidas amnis dispeximus undas: Stantis equi corpus transvorsum ferre videtur Vis, et in advorsum flumen contrudere raptim: Et, quocumque oculos trajecimus, omnia ferri Et fluere assimili nobis ratione videntur,

Lucr. 4, 422 sq.:

ubi cernimus alta Exhalare vapore altaria, ferreque fumum,

to send up, id. 3, 432; cf.:

vis ut vomat ignes, Ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum,

id. 1, 725; and:

caelo supinas si tuleris manus,

raisest, Hor. C. 3, 23, 1:

te rursus in bellum resorbens Unda fretis tulit aestuosis,

id. ib. 2, 7, 16; cf.:

ire, pedes quocumque ferent,

id. Epod. 16, 21; and:

me per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

id. C. 3, 29, 64:

signa ferre,

to put the standards in motion, to break up, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40, 12; Liv. 10, 5, 1 al.:

pol, si id scissem, numquam huc tetulissem pedem,

have stirred foot, have come, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:

pedem,

Verg. A. 2, 756; Val. Fl. 7, 112:

gressum,

to walk, Lucr. 4, 681; cf.:

agiles gressus,

Sil. 3, 180:

vagos gradus,

Ov. M. 7, 185:

vestigia,

Sil. 9, 101:

vagos cursus,

id. 9, 243.— Absol.:

quo ventus ferebat,

bore, drove, Caes. B. G. 3, 15, 3:

interim, si feret flatus, danda sunt vela,

Quint. 10, 3, 7:

itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant,

led, Caes. B. C. 1, 27, 4:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7, 6.—Prov.:

in silvam ligna ferre,

to carry coals to Newcastle, Hor. S. 1, 10, 34.—

With se or mid., to move or go swiftly, to hasten, rush:

cum ipsa paene insula mihi sese obviam ferre vellet,

to meet, Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:

non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre,

id. Rep. 1, 4:

hinc ferro accingor rursus... meque extra tecta ferebam,

Verg. A. 2, 672; 11, 779:

grassatorum plurimi palam se ferebant,

Suet. Aug. 32.—Of things as subjects:

ubi forte ita se tetulerunt semina aquarum,

i. e. have collected themselves, Lucr. 6, 672.—Mid.:

ad eum omni celeritate et studio incitatus ferebatur,

proceeded, Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 2:

alii aliam in partem perterriti ferebantur,

betook themselves, fled, id. B. G. 2, 24, 3:

(fera) supra venabula fertur,

rushes, springs, Verg. A. 9, 553:

huc juvenis nota fertur regione viarum,

proceeds, id. ib. 11, 530:

densos fertur moribundus in hostes,

rushes, id. ib. 2, 511:

quocumque feremur, danda vela sunt,

Cic. Or. 23, 75; cf.:

non alto semper feremur,

Quint. 12, 10, 37:

ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200:

non tenui ferar Penna biformis per liquidum aethera Vates,

fly, id. C. 2, 20, 1.—Of inanimate subjects:

(corpuscula rerum) ubi tam volucri levitate ferantur,

move, Lucr. 4, 195; cf.:

quae cum mobiliter summa levitate feruntur,

id. 4, 745; cf.:

tellus neque movetur et infima est, et in eam feruntur omnia nutu suo pondera,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17 fin.:

Rhenus longo spatio per fines Nantuatium, etc.... citatus fertur,

flows, Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 3; cf. Hirt. B. [p. 738] G. 8, 40, 3:

ut (flamma) ad caelum usque ferretur,

ascended, arose, Suet. Aug. 94.—

Rarely ferre = se ferre: quem procul conspiciens ad se ferentem pertimescit,

Nep. Dat. 4 fin. —

To carry off, take away by force, as a robber, etc.: to plunder, spoil, ravage:

alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama,

Verg. A. 2, 374:

postquam te (i. e. exstinctum Daphnin) fata tulerunt,

snatched away, id. E. 5, 34. So esp. in the phrase ferre et agere, of taking booty, plundering, where ferre applies to portable things, and agere to men and cattle; v. ago.—

To bear, produce, yield:

plurima tum tellus etiam majora ferebat, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 942 sq.; cf.:

quae autem terra fruges ferre, et, ut mater, cibos suppeditare possit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 67:

quem (florem) ferunt terrae solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10:

quibus jugera fruges et Cererem ferunt,

id. ib. 3, 24, 13:

angulus iste feret piper et thus,

id. Ep. 1, 14, 23:

(olea) fructum ramis pluribus feret,

Quint. 8, 3, 10.— Absol.:

ferundo arbor peribit,

Cato, R. R. 6, 2.—

Of a woman or sheanimal, to bear offspring, be pregnant:

ignorans nurum ventrem ferre,

Liv. 1, 34, 3;

of animals: equa ventrem fert duodecim menses, vacca decem, ovis et capra quinque, sus quatuor,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 19; cf.:

cervi octonis mensibus ferunt partus,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 112:

nec te conceptam saeva leaena tulit,

Tib. 3, 4, 90.— Poet.:

quem tulerat mater claro Phoenissa Laconi,

i. e. had borne, Sil. 7, 666.—

To offer as an oblation:

liba et Mopsopio dulcia melle feram,

Tib. 1, 7, 54; so,

liba,

id. 1, 10, 23:

lancesque et liba Baccho,

Verg. G. 2, 394:

tura superis, altaribus,

Ov. M. 11, 577.—

To get, receive, acquire, obtain, as gain, a reward, a possession, etc.:

quod posces, feres,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 106; cf.: quodvis donum et praemium a me optato;

id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

fructus ex sese (i. e. re publica) magna acerbitate permixtos tulissem,

Cic. Planc. 38, 92:

partem praedae,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,

Juv. 13, 105:

coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44.

Trop.

In gen., to bear, carry, bring:

satis haec tellus morbi caelumque mali fert,

bears, contains, Lucr. 6, 663;

veterrima quaeque, ut ea vina, quae vetustatem ferunt, esse debent suavissima,

which carry age, are old, Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

scripta vetustatem si modo nostra ferent,

will have, will attain to, Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 8:

nomen alicujus,

to bear, have, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; cf.:

insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:

nomen,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Calig. 47:

cognomen,

id. Aug. 43; id. Galb. 3; cf.:

ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae fuit,

of bearing an assumed character, Liv. 3, 36, 1:

Archimimus personam ejus ferens,

personating, Suet. Vesp. 19; cf.

also: (Garyophyllon) fert et in spinis piperis similitudinem,

Plin. 12, 7, 15, § 30: fer mi auxilium, bring assistance, aid, help, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 29 (Trag. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

alicui opem auxiliumque ferre,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

auxilium alicui,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5; 4, 12, 5; Hor. Epod. 1, 21 et saep.: opem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 86 ed. Vahl.):

opem alicui,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 23; Ter. And. 3, 1, 15; id. Ad. 3, 4, 41; Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3 (with succurrere saluti); id. Fin. 2, 35, 118 (with salutem); id. Fam. 5, 4, 2:

subsidium alicui,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:

condicionem,

to proffer, id. ib. 4, 11, 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:

Coriolanus ab sede sua cum ferret matri obviae complexum,

offered, Liv. 2, 40, 5:

si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,

will bring, procure, Verg. A. 10, 792:

ea vox audita laborum Prima tulit finem,

id. ib. 7, 118: suspicionem falsam, to entertain suspicion, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5 (Trag. v. 348 ed. Vahl.).—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To move, to bring, lead, conduct, drive, raise:

quem tulit ad scenam ventoso gloria curru,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 177; so,

animi quaedam ingenita natura... recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant,

Quint. 5, 10, 123; cf. absol.:

nisi illud, quod eo, quo intendas, ferat deducatque, cognoris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 135:

exstincti ad caelum gloria fertur,

Lucr. 6, 8; cf.:

laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre,

to extol, praise, Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 99; Suet. Otho, 12; id. Vesp. 6:

eam pugnam miris laudibus,

Liv. 7, 10, 14; cf.:

saepe rem dicendo subiciet oculis: saepe supra feret quam fieri possit,

wilt exalt, magnify, Cic. Or. 40, 139:

ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,

Liv. 4, 5, 6:

ferre in majus vero incertas res fama solet,

id. 21, 32, 7:

crudelitate et scelere ferri,

to be impelled, carried away, Cic. Clu. 70, 199:

praeceps amentia ferebare,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; cf.:

ferri avaritia,

id. Quint. 11, 38:

orator suo jam impetu fertur,

Quint. 12 praef. §

3: eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque ferretur,

Cic. Or. 28, 97; cf.:

(eloquentia) feratur non semitis sed campis,

Quint. 5, 14, 31:

oratio, quae ferri debet ac fluere,

id. 9, 4, 112; cf.:

quae (historia) currere debet ac ferri,

id. 9, 4, 18; so often: animus fert (aliquem aliquo), the mind moves one to any thing:

quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt,

Sall. J. 54, 4; cf.:

milites procurrentes consistentesque, quo loco ipsorum tulisset animus,

Liv. 25, 21, 5; and:

qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam,

id. 40, 4, 14:

si maxime animus ferat,

Sall. C. 58, 6; cf. Ov. M. 1, 775.—With an object-clause, the mind moves one to do any thing, Ov. M. 1, 1; Luc. 1, 67; Suet. Otho, 6; cf.

also: mens tulit nos ferro exscindere Thebas,

Stat. Th. 4, 753.—

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To carry off, take away:

omnia fert aetas, animum quoque,

Verg. E. 9, 51:

postquam te fata tulerunt,

id. ib. 5, 34:

invida Domitium fata tulere sibi,

Anthol. Lat. 4, 123, 8;

like efferre,

to carry forth to burial, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 89.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To bear, bring forth, produce:

haec aetas prima Athenis oratorem prope perfectum tulit,

Cic. Brut. 12, 45:

aetas parentum, pejor avis, tulit Nos nequiores,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 46:

Curium tulit et Camillum Saeva paupertas,

id. ib. 1, 12, 42.—

(Acc. to I. B. 6.) To bear away, to get, obtain, receive:

Cotta et Sulpicius omnium judicio facile primas tulerunt,

Cic. Brut. 49, 183:

palmam,

to carry off, win, id. Att. 4, 15, 6:

victoriam ex inermi,

to gain, Liv. 39, 51, 10; 2, 50, 2; 8, 8, 18:

gratiam et gloriam annonae levatae,

id. 4, 12, 8:

maximam laudem inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 4:

centuriam, tribus,

i. e. to get their votes, Cic. Planc. 20, 49; 22, 53; id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

suffragia,

Suet. Caes. 13 (diff. from 8. a.):

responsum ab aliquo,

to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:

repulsam a populo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 54:

repulsam,

id. de Or. 2, 69 fin.; id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; id. Att. 5, 19 al.: calumniam, i. e. to be convicted of a false accusation, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:

ita ut filius partem dimidiam hereditatis ferat,

Gai. Inst. 3, 8:

singulas portiones,

id. ib. 3, 16; 61.—

To bear, support any thing unpleasant; or pregn., to suffer, tolerate, endure.

To bear in any manner.

With acc.: servi injurias nimias aegre ferunt, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

(onus senectutis) modice ac sapienter sicut omnia ferre,

Cic. de Sen. 1, 2:

aegre ferre repulsam consulatus,

id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40:

hoc moderatiore animo ferre,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

aliquid toleranter,

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

clementer,

id. Att. 6, 1, 3:

quod eo magis ferre animo aequo videmur, quia, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 126:

ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 17.—

With an object-clause:

ut si quis aegre ferat, se pauperem esse,

take it ill, Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

hoc ereptum esse, graviter et acerbe ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

quomodo ferant veterani, exercitum Brutum habere,

id. Phil. 10, 7, 15.—

With de:

de Lentulo scilicet sic fero, ut debeo,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 1:

quomodo Caesar ferret de auctoritate perscripta,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

numquid moleste fers de illo, qui? etc.,

id. ib. 6, 8, 3.—

Absol.:

sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,

Cic. Att. 1, 2, 1:

si mihi imposuisset aliquid, animo iniquo tulissem,

id. ib. 15, 26, 4.—

Pregn., to bear or put up with, to suffer, tolerate, endure, sustain, resist.

With acc.: quis hanc contumeliam, quis hoc imperium, quis hanc servitutem ferre potest? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

qui potentissimorum hominum contumaciam numquam tulerim, ferrem hujus asseclae?

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:

cujus desiderium civitas ferre diutius non potest,

id. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

cogitandi non ferebat laborem,

id. Brut. 77, 268:

unum impetum nostrorum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 3:

vultum atque aciem oculorum,

id. ib. 1, 39, 1:

cohortatio gravior quam aures Sulpicii ferre didicissent,

to hear unmoved, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:

vultum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 121:

multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit,

id. A. P. 413:

spectatoris fastidia,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 215:

fuisse (Epaminondam) patientem suorumque injurias ferentem civium,

Nep. Epam. 7.—Of personal objects:

quem ferret, si parentem non ferret suum?

brook, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 28:

optimates quis ferat, qui, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

vereor, ut jam nos ferat quisquam,

Quint. 8, 3, 25:

an laturi sint Romani talem regem,

id. 7, 1, 24:

quis enim ferat puerum aut adolescentulum, si, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 8.—

With an object-clause:

ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari,

Cic. de Or. 2, 84, 344:

non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes,

Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Ov. M. 2, 628:

illa quidem in hoc opere praecipi quis ferat?

Quint. 11, 3, 27; 11, 1, 69:

servo nubere nympha tuli,

Ov. H. 5, 12; cf.:

alios vinci potuisse ferendum est,

id. M. 12, 555. —

With quod:

quod rapta, feremus, dummodo reddat eam,

Ov. M. 5, 520:

illud non ferendum, quod, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 131. —

With the access, notion of publicity, to make public, to disclose, show, exhibit:

eum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:

laetitiam apertissime tulimus omnes,

id. Att. 14, 13, 2:

neque id obscure ferebat nec dissimulare ullo modo poterat,

id. Clu. 19, 54:

haud clam tulit iram adversus praetorem,

Liv. 31, 47, 4; cf.:

tacite ejus verecundiam non tulit senatus, quin, etc.,

id. 5, 28, 1.—

Prae se ferre, to show, manifest, to let be seen, to declare:

cujus rei tantae facultatem consecutum esse me, non profiteor: secutum me esse, prae me fero,

Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

noli, quaeso, prae te ferre, vos plane expertes esse doctrinae,

id. ib. 2, 18, 47:

non mediocres terrores... prae se fert et ostentat,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

hanc virtutem prae se ferunt,

Quint. 2, 13, 11:

liberalium disciplinarum prae se scientiam tulit,

id. 12, 11, 21:

magnum animum (verba),

id. 11, 1, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. subjects:

(comae) turbatae prae se ferre aliquid affectus videntur,

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

oratio prae se fert felicissimam facilitatem,

id. 10, 1, 11.—

Of speech, to report, relate, make known, assert, celebrate:

haec omnibus ferebat sermonibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17, 2:

alii alia sermonibus ferebant Romanos facturos,

Liv. 33, 32, 3:

ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,

id. 4, 5, 6:

patres ita fama ferebant, quod, etc.,

id. 23, 31, 13; cf. with acc.:

hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149:

famam,

id. Pers. 3, 1, 23:

fama eadem tulit,

Tac. A. 1, 5; cf. id. ib. 15, 60:

nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversa fama, tulere,

talk about, id. ib. 16, 2:

inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 23:

quod fers, cedo,

tell, say, Ter. Ph. 5, 6, 17:

nostra (laus) semper feretur et praedicabitur, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 9, 21.—With an object-clause:

cum ipse... acturum se id per populum aperte ferret,

Liv. 28, 40, 2; id. ib. §

1: saepe homines morbos magis esse timendos ferunt quam Tartara leti,

Lucr. 3, 42:

Prognen ita velle ferebat,

Ov. M. 6, 470; 14, 527:

ipsi territos se ferebant,

Tac. H. 4, 78; id. A. 4, 58; 6, 26 (32); cf.:

mihi fama tulit fessum te caede procubuisse, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 503:

commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Macronem praesedisse, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 47 (53).—

Ferunt, fertur, feruntur, etc., they relate, tell, say; it is said, it appears, etc.—With inf.:

quin etiam Xenocratem ferunt, cum quaereretur ex eo, etc... respondisse, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

fuisse quendam ferunt Demaratum, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 19:

quem ex Hyperboreis Delphos ferunt advenisse,

id. N. D. 3, 23, 57; Hor. C. 3, 17, 2:

homo omnium in dicendo, ut ferebant, accrrimus et copiosissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

Ceres fertur fruges... mortalibus instituisse,

Lucr. 5, 14:

in Syria quoque fertur item locus esse, etc.,

id. 6, 755:

is Amulium regem interemisse fertur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3:

qui in contione dixisse fertur,

id. ib. 2, 10 fin.:

quam (urbem) Juno fertur terris omnibus unam coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15:

non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,

you were accounted, held, Hor. C. 2, 19, 27:

si ornate locutus est, sicut fertur et mihi videtur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 49; cf.: cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas florente [p. 739] Academia, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, id. ib. § 45.—

To give out, to pass off a person or thing by any name or for any thing; and, in the pass., to pass for any thing, to pass current:

hunc (Mercurium) omnium inventorem artium ferunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1:

ut Servium conditorem posteri fama ferrent,

Liv. 1, 42, 4:

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

set himself up for, boast, Vell. 1, 11, 1:

avum M. Antonium, avunculum Augustum ferens,

boasting of, Tac. A. 2, 43; cf.:

qui ingenuum se et Lachetem mutato nomine coeperat ferre,

Suet. Vesp. 23:

ante Periclem, cujus scripta quaedam feruntur,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27 (quoted paraphrastically, Quint. 3, 1, 12): sub nomine meo libri ferebantur artis rhetoricae, Quint. prooem. 7; cf.:

cetera, quae sub nomine meo feruntur,

id. 7, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Aug. 31; id. Caes. 20:

multa ejus (Catonis) vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur,

Nep. Att. 1, 3.—

Polit. and jurid. t. t.

Suffragium or sententiam, to give in one's vote, to vote, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1; cf.:

ferunt suffragia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

de quo foedere populus Romanus sententiam non tulit,

id. Balb. 15, 34; cf.:

de quo vos (judices) sententiam per tabellam feretis,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 104;

so of the voting of judges,

id. Clu. 26, 72;

of senators: parcite, ut sit qui in senatu de bello et pace sententiam ferat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76; cf. id. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

Legem (privilegium, rogationem) ad populum, or absol., to bring forward or move a proposition, to propose a law, etc.:

perniciose Philippus in tribunatu, cum legem agrariam ferret, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73; cf. id. Sull. 23, 65:

quae lex paucis his annis lata esset,

id. Corn. 1, 3 (vol. xi. p. 10 B. and K.):

familiarissimus tuus de te privilegium tulit, ut, etc.,

id. Par. 4, 32:

Sullam illam rogationem de se nolle ferri (shortly before: Lex ferri coepta),

id. Sull. 23, 65:

rogationem de aliquo, contra or in aliquem, ad populum, ad plebem,

id. Balb. 14, 33; id. Clu. 51, 140; id. Brut. 23, 89; Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Liv. 33, 25, 7:

nescis, te ipsum ad populum tulisse, ut, etc.,

proposed a bill, Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 100:

ut P. Scaevola tribunus plebis ferret ad plebem, vellentne, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 54; cf. Liv. 33, 25, 6:

quod Sulla ipse ita tulit de civitate, ut, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:

nihil de judicio ferebat,

id. Sull. 22, 63:

cum, ut absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus,

id. Att. 7, 6, 2.— Impers.:

lato ut solet ad populum, ut equum escendere liceret,

Liv. 23, 14, 2. —

Judicem, said of the plaintiff, to offer or propose to the defendant as judge:

quem ego si ferrem judicem, refugere non deberet,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; id. de Or. 2, 70, 285.—Hence, judicem alicui, in gen., to propose a judge to, i. e. to bring a suit against, to sue a person:

se iterum ac saepius judicem illi ferre,

Liv. 3, 57, 5; 3, 24, 5; 8, 33, 8.—

Mercant. t. t., to enter, to set or note down a sum in a book:

quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum rettulit, quam Verres illi expensum tulerit, etc.,

i. e. has set down as paid, has paid, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 sq., v. expendo.—

Absol., of abstr. subjects, to require, demand, render necessary; to allow, permit, suffer:

ita sui periculi rationes ferre ac postulare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 105; cf.:

gravioribus verbis uti, quam natura fert,

id. Quint. 18, 57: quid ferat Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. 203 ed. Vahl.):

quamdiu voluntas Apronii tulit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:

ut aetas illa fert,

as is usual at that time of life, id. Clu. 60, 168:

ad me, ut tempora nostra, non ut amor tuus fert, vere perscribe,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5:

quod ita existimabam tempora rei publicae ferre,

id. Pis. 2, 5:

si ita commodum vestrum fert,

id. Agr. 2, 28, 77:

prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:

si vestra voluntas feret,

if such be your pleasure, id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ut opinio et spes et conjectura nostra fert,

according to our opinion, hope, and belief, id. Att. 2, 25, 2:

ut mea fert opinio,

according to my opinion, id. Clu. 16, 46: si occasio tulerit, if occasion require, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

dum tempus ad eam rem tulit, sivi, animum ut expleret suum,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 17: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu perspicies, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

id. Rep. 6, 18.— Impers.:

sociam se cujuscumque fortunae, et, si ita ferret, comitem exitii promittebat (sc. res or fortuna),

Tac. A. 3, 15; so,

si ita ferret,

id. H. 2, 44.

lībertīnus, a, um, adj. [libertus], of or belonging to the condition of a freedman (opp. ingenuus, of the condition of a freeborn person; cf. in the foll. the passage Tac. A. 15, 57, and under II. A. the passage from Gai. Inst. 1, 10 and 11):

homo liber, qui se vendidit, manumissus non ad suum statum revertitur, quo se abdicavit, sed efficitur libertinae condicionis,

enters into the condition of a freedman, becomes a freedman, Dig. 1, 5, 21:

in classem mille socii navales cives Romani libertini ordinis scribi jussi,

Liv. 43, 12, 9; 42, 27, 3 (for which:

navales socii cives Romani, qui servitutem servissent,

id. 40, 18, 7); Suet. Gram. 18:

Atilius quidam libertini generis,

Tac. A. 4, 62; 2, 85; Suet. Aug. 44:

libertinus homo,

a freedman, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124; cf.:

mulieris libertinae sermo,

of a freedwoman, Liv. 39, 13, 2:

libertina mulier,

Tac. A. 15, 57; Suet. Calig. 16:

ut me libertino patre natum,

of a father who was a freedman, Hor. S. 1, 6, 6;

so,

id. ib. 45; 46; id. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

sunt etiam libertini optimates,

Cic. Sest. 45, 97:

miles,

Suet. Aug. 25:

plebs,

Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 48:

opes,

Mart. 5, 13, 6:

homines libertini ordinis,

Gell. 5, 19, 12.—Hence,

Subst.

lībertīnus, i, m., a freedman (in reference to his status in society or the state;

whereas a freedman was called libertus in reference to the manumitter): qui servus est, si manumittatur, fit libertinus,

Quint. 5, 10, 60; cf.:

servus cum manumittitur, libertinus: addictus recepta libertate ingenuus,

id. 7, 3, 27:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini. Ingenui sunt, qui liberi nati sunt: libertini sunt, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt,

Gai. Inst. 1, §§ 10 and 11; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 10:

sed ita pars libertinorumst, nisi patrono qui advorsatust, ni illi offecit, etc.,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 57:

Ti. Gracchus libertinos in urbanas tribus transtulit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Phil. 3, 6 fin.:

libertini centuriati,

Liv. 10, 21, 4:

libertinis detrahenda est auctoritas,

Quint. 11, 1, 88:

neminem libertinorum adhibitum ab eo cenae,

Suet. Aug. 74:

primus omnium libertinorum scribere' historiam orsus,

id. Rhet. 3:

quae deberetur cuidam libertino, clienti tuo,

id. Caes. 2; cf. id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281:

unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

id. ib. 2, 7, 12:

libertinis nullo jure uti praetextis licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.—

Transf., the son of a freedman, opp. libertus, the freedman himself (only acc. to a statement of Suetonius and of Isidore; v. the foll.):

ignarus, temporibus Appii et deinceps aliquandiu libertinos dictos non ipsos, qui manumitterentur, sed ingenuos ex his procreatos,

Suet. Claud. 24:

libertorum filii apud antiquos libertini appellabantur, quasi de libertis nati. Nunc vero libertinus aut a liberto factus aut possessus,

Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 47: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari jure posse, Mas. Sab. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—

lībertīna, ae, f., a freedwoman, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 16:

ingenuamne an libertinam?

id. ib. 3, 1, 189:

amore libertinae perinfamis,

Suet. Vit. 2:

aulica,

id. Oth. 2; Gai. Inst. 3, § 51:

tutior merx est Libertinarum,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 48:

Myrtale,

id. C. 1, 33, 15:

Phryne,

id. Epod. 14, 15:

libertinas ducere,

Ulp. Fragm. 13, 1:

libertinae quae longa veste uterentur,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.

lībertīnus, i, v. 1. libertinus, II. A.

mātrōna, ae, f. [id.], a married woman, wife, matron (whether she was in manu or not; consequently more general in its application than mater familias, which always denoted one who was in manu).

In gen.: matronam dictam esse proprie, quae in matrimonium cum viro convenisset, quoad in eo matrimonio maneret, etiamsi liberi nondum nati forent: dictamque esse ita a matris nomine non adepto jam sed cum spe et omine mox adipiscendi: unde ipsum quoque matrimonium dicitur;

matrem autem familias appellatam esse eam solam, quae in mariti manu mancipioque, aut in ejus, in cujus maritus, manu mancipicque esset: quoniam non in matrimonium tantum, sed in familiam quoque mariti, et in sui heredis locum venisset,

Gell. 18, 6, 8 and 9:

convocatis plebeis matronis,

Liv. 10, 23, 6.—Only rarely of a married woman, woman in general:

ut matronarum hic facta pernovit probe,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

quae (dea) quia partus matronarum tueatur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; cf.: et fetus matrona dabit, * Tib. 2, 5, 91:

cum prole matronisque nostris,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 27:

tyranni,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7: matronae muros complent, Enn. ap. Serv ad Verg. G. 1, 18 (Ann. v 376 Vahl.): tum muros variā cinxere coronā Matronae, * Verg. A. 11, 476: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant Plaut. Poen. prol. 32 [p. 1120] Suet. Ner. 27:

matronas prostratae pudicitiae,

id. Tib. 35:

dilectae adulter matronae,

Juv. 10, 319.—

Esp.

The word very early acquired the accessory idea of (moral or social) dignity, rank. Matronae is thus used even by Ennius of women of quality, ladies: matronae opulentae, optimates, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6 (Trag. v. 294 Vahl.); cf.

, in like manner, in Plautus: ubi istas videas summo genere natas Summates matronas,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 26;

so Cicero applies to the noble women carried off from the Sabines the term matronae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

matrona laris,

the lady of the house, Juv. 3, 110.—

With the accessory idea of estimable, virtuous, chaste, etc.: nominis matronae sanctitudinem, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 9:

eam hic ornatam adducas ad matronarum modum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 196 Brix ad loc.; cf.:

matronarum sanctitas,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32:

VETERIS SANCTITATIS MATRONA,

Inscr. Orell. 2739. So opp. meretrix, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. Most. 1, 3, 33; id. Cas. 3, 3, 22:

ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque Discolor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 3; Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 48:

matronae praeter faciem nil cernere possis, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 94:

capitis matrona pudici,

Juv. 6, 49.—

Hence, an appellation of Juno:

hinc matrona Juno (stetit),

Hor. C. 3, 4, 59:

MATRONIS IVNONIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 2085;

and of other protecting goddesses of places,

ib. 2081 sq. (But not of vestals; v. Drak. ad Liv. 29, 14, 12.)

Matrŏna, ae, m. (f., Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Pan. 812), a river in Gaul, now the Marne, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 2; Amm. 15, 11, 3; Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Carm. 5, 208.

mātrōna, ae, f. [id.], a married woman, wife, matron (whether she was in manu or not; consequently more general in its application than mater familias, which always denoted one who was in manu).

In gen.: matronam dictam esse proprie, quae in matrimonium cum viro convenisset, quoad in eo matrimonio maneret, etiamsi liberi nondum nati forent: dictamque esse ita a matris nomine non adepto jam sed cum spe et omine mox adipiscendi: unde ipsum quoque matrimonium dicitur;

matrem autem familias appellatam esse eam solam, quae in mariti manu mancipioque, aut in ejus, in cujus maritus, manu mancipicque esset: quoniam non in matrimonium tantum, sed in familiam quoque mariti, et in sui heredis locum venisset,

Gell. 18, 6, 8 and 9:

convocatis plebeis matronis,

Liv. 10, 23, 6.—Only rarely of a married woman, woman in general:

ut matronarum hic facta pernovit probe,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

quae (dea) quia partus matronarum tueatur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; cf.: et fetus matrona dabit, * Tib. 2, 5, 91:

cum prole matronisque nostris,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 27:

tyranni,

id. ib. 3, 2, 7: matronae muros complent, Enn. ap. Serv ad Verg. G. 1, 18 (Ann. v 376 Vahl.): tum muros variā cinxere coronā Matronae, * Verg. A. 11, 476: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant Plaut. Poen. prol. 32 [p. 1120] Suet. Ner. 27:

matronas prostratae pudicitiae,

id. Tib. 35:

dilectae adulter matronae,

Juv. 10, 319.—

Esp.

The word very early acquired the accessory idea of (moral or social) dignity, rank. Matronae is thus used even by Ennius of women of quality, ladies: matronae opulentae, optimates, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6 (Trag. v. 294 Vahl.); cf.

, in like manner, in Plautus: ubi istas videas summo genere natas Summates matronas,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 26;

so Cicero applies to the noble women carried off from the Sabines the term matronae,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

matrona laris,

the lady of the house, Juv. 3, 110.—

With the accessory idea of estimable, virtuous, chaste, etc.: nominis matronae sanctitudinem, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 9:

eam hic ornatam adducas ad matronarum modum,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 196 Brix ad loc.; cf.:

matronarum sanctitas,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32:

VETERIS SANCTITATIS MATRONA,

Inscr. Orell. 2739. So opp. meretrix, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. Most. 1, 3, 33; id. Cas. 3, 3, 22:

ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque Discolor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 3; Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 48:

matronae praeter faciem nil cernere possis, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 94:

capitis matrona pudici,

Juv. 6, 49.—

Hence, an appellation of Juno:

hinc matrona Juno (stetit),

Hor. C. 3, 4, 59:

MATRONIS IVNONIBVS,

Inscr. Orell. 2085;

and of other protecting goddesses of places,

ib. 2081 sq. (But not of vestals; v. Drak. ad Liv. 29, 14, 12.)

Matrŏna, ae, m. (f., Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Pan. 812), a river in Gaul, now the Marne, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 2; Amm. 15, 11, 3; Aus. Mos. 462; Sid. Carm. 5, 208.

per-sto, stĭti, stātum ( fut. part. perstaturus, Liv. 8, 34, 4), 1, v. n., to stand firmly, continue standing.

Lit. (rare):

frenatis equis equites diem totum perstabant,

Liv. 44, 33 fin.:

exercitus a mane usque ad horam X. diei perstiterunt, Auct. B Afr. 61 in limine,

Tib. 1, 5, 71.—

Transf., to remain steadfast or constant, to last, endure: nihil est toto quod perstet in orbe: cuncta [p. 1357] fluunt, Ov. M. 15, 177; id. H. 18, 206:

laurea flaminibus, quae toto perstitit anno, Tollitur,

id. F. 3, 137:

rabies,

Luc. 5, 210.—

Trop., to stand fast or firm, to hold out, continue, persevere, persist in any thing (class.; syn.: persevero, permaneo); usually constr. with in and abl.:

negant posse, et in eo perstant,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 39:

in pravitate,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 26:

in impudentiā,

id. Rosc. Com. 9, 26:

in sententiā,

id. ib. 18, 56; Caes. B. G. 7, 26; Liv. 37, 52, 10:

in incepto,

id. 8, 33, 6 Drak. N. cr.; 8, 34, 4;

10, 13, 10: in pertinaci simulatione inopiae,

id. 38, 14, 13:

in bello,

Just. 14, 3, 5:

in iisdem dictis,

Val. Fl. 4, 143.— Impers. pass.:

ut in decreto perstaretur,

Liv. Epit. 49:

si perstaretur in bello,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

optimates in Romanā societate perstandum censebant,

Liv. 37, 9.—

Absol.:

nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi,

Verg. A. 5, 812:

talia perstabat memorans,

id. ib. 2, 650:

persta atque obdura,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 39:

perstitit Narcissus,

persisted in his determination, Tac. A. 11, 29.—

With inf.:

aut pertinacissimus fueris, si perstiteris ad corpus ea, quae dixi, referre,

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 107 Madv. ad loc. 3 (B. and K.;

al. perstiteris in eo): persto condere semen humo,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 34:

perstas non cedere terris,

Val. Fl. 7, 58; Tac. A. 4, 38, 3.

pignĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [pignus], to give as a pledge, to pledge, pawn, mortgage.

Lit.:

unionem,

Suet. Vit. 7: bona tantum, quae publicari poterant, pigneranda poenae praebebant, furnished as security for the penalty, i. e. left to be confiscated, Liv. 29, 36:

cujus et alveolos et laenam pignerat Atreus,

which the poet Rubrenus, while he was writing the Atreus, was compelled by necessity to pawn, Juv. 7, 73:

ancilla pignerata,

Dig. 40, 5, 46:

vestimenta pignorata,

Vulg. Amos, 2, 8.—

Trop.

To pledge one's life, etc.:

velut obsidibus datis pigneratos habere animos,

Liv. 24, 1.—

To bind a person or thing to one's self, to make one's own:

pignerare aliquem sibi beneficio,

App. M. 3, p. 134, 32: optimates viros curiae suae, Naz. Pan. ad Const. 35.—With se, to pledge one's self:

se cenae alicujus,

to promise to dine with one, App. M. 3, p. 139, 4; 11, p. 269, 25.

plebs (in inscriptions often PLEPS), -bis, and archaic plēbēs (‡ plēbis), is and ĕi (plebium, Prud. steph. 10, 709:

plebibus,

Aug. Ep. 166), f. [root ple-, fill; whence Gr. pimplêmi, plêrês; cf. plê thos, multitude].

Lit., the common people, the commons or commonalty, the plebeians (opp. the patricians, senators, and knights;

whereas populus signifies the collective people, including, therefore, the Senate),

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 10: plebes in hoc regi antistat loco, licet Lacrumare plebi, regi honeste non licet, Enn. ap. Hier. Epit. Nep. p. 590 Mign. (Trag. v. 271 Vahl.):

plebs a populo eo differt quo species a genere: nam appellatione populi universi cives significantur, connumeratis etiam patriciis et senatoribus: plebis autem appellatione sine patribus et senatu ceteri cives significantur,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 4; cf. Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

plebes dominandi studio permota a patribus secessit,

Sall. C. 33, 3:

ita tribuni plebei creati duo,

Liv. 2, 33, 2:

dum decem tribunos plebi faceret,

id. 3, 65, 4:

non enim populi, sed plebis eum (sc.: tribunum plebis) magistratum esse,

Liv. 2, 56:

populo plebique Romanae,

Cic. Mur. 1, 1:

in duas partes ego civitatem divisam arbitror in patres, et plebem,

Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 5; Liv. 2, 56:

Martia Roma triplex equitatu, plebe, senatu,

Aus. Idyll. 11, 78.—

Transf., in gen.

The great mass, the multitude:

in Hyrcaniā, plebs publicos alit canes, optimates domesticos,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

plebem et infimam multitudinem delinire,

id. Mil. 35, 95.—

With accessory notion of contempt, the populace, the lower class or order, the mass ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

multitudo de plebe,

Liv. 5, 39:

si quadringentis sex septem millia desunt, Plebs eris,

you shall be plebeian, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

misera,

id. S. 1, 8, 10:

ventosa,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 37:

immensa nimiaque,

Juv. 11, 194.—Among the gods:

plebs Superūm, Fauni, Satyrique, Laresque, Fluminaque, et Nymphae, Semideūmque genus,

Ov. Ib. 81.—Of bees, a stock, swarm, hive (meaning the great mass, opp. to the queen); in plur. (rare):

tres alveorum plebes,

Col. 9, 11, 1: corona plebium, Prud. steph. 10, 709.—

The whole people, nation, community, = populus (late Lat.), Vulg. Gen. 23, 13:

plebs tua Israel,

id. Luc. 2, 32 et saep.

prīmōris, e ( nom. sing. not in use), adj. [primus], the first, first (class. in plur.).

In gen. (rare):

imbres,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 70:

in primore pueritiā,

in earliest childhood, Gell. 10, 19, 3:

anni,

first, earliest, Sil. 1, 511: primori Marte, in the first part or beginning of the war, id. 11, 143:

primore aspectu,

at first sight, Gell. 2, 7, 6.—

In partic.

The foremost part, forepart, tip, end, extremity (class.;

syn. primus): sumere aliquid digitulis primoribus,

with the tips of one's fingers, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 24:

versabatur mihi (nomen) in labris primoribus,

is at my tongue's end, id. Trin. 4, 2, 65:

aliquid primoribus labris attingere,

to touch slightly, Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87; cf. id. Cael. 12, 28; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 428, 3:

surculum primorem praeacuito obliquum primores digitos duos,

Cato, R. R. 40, 3; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 27:

eduxique animam in primoribu' naribus,

id. ib. 427, 32:

nasi primoris acumen,

Lucr. 6, 1193:

(pilo) primori inest pyxis ferrea,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 112; 10, 33, 51, § 99:

cauda late fusa primori parte,

id. 8, 54, 80, § 216:

vestibulum esse partem domus primorem,

Gell. 16, 5, 2:

in primore libro,

at the beginning of the book, Gell. 1, 18, 3:

usque in primores manus ac prope in digitos,

as far as the forepart of the hands, id. 7, 12:

primori in acie versari,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

The first in rank or dignity, chief, principal ( poet. and postclass.—In Liv. 24, 20, 13, Weissenb. reads: inpigre conscriptā; v. also Madvig. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52):

Argivorum viri,

Cat. 68, 87:

feminae,

Tac. A. 2, 29:

venti,

chief, cardinal, Gell. 2, 22.—Hence, subst.: prīmō-res, um, m.

The front rank in battle, etc.:

dum inter primores promptius dimicat, sagittā ictus est,

Curt. 4, 6, 17.—

The men of the first rank, the chiefs, nobles, patricians (cf. princeps):

Amphitruo delegit viros primorum principes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 49:

odio alienae honestatis ereptus primoribus ager,

Liv. 1, 47, 11:

primores populi arripuit,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 69:

civitatum primores atque optimates,

Col. 12, 3, 10:

primores, ac duces,

Juv. 15, 40:

ex primoribus,

Tac. A. 13, 30; 4, 33; Vulg. 2 Macc. 8, 9.

prīmōris, e ( nom. sing. not in use), adj. [primus], the first, first (class. in plur.).

In gen. (rare):

imbres,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2:

dentes,

the front teeth, Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 70:

in primore pueritiā,

in earliest childhood, Gell. 10, 19, 3:

anni,

first, earliest, Sil. 1, 511: primori Marte, in the first part or beginning of the war, id. 11, 143:

primore aspectu,

at first sight, Gell. 2, 7, 6.—

In partic.

The foremost part, forepart, tip, end, extremity (class.;

syn. primus): sumere aliquid digitulis primoribus,

with the tips of one's fingers, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 24:

versabatur mihi (nomen) in labris primoribus,

is at my tongue's end, id. Trin. 4, 2, 65:

aliquid primoribus labris attingere,

to touch slightly, Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87; cf. id. Cael. 12, 28; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 428, 3:

surculum primorem praeacuito obliquum primores digitos duos,

Cato, R. R. 40, 3; Lucil. ap. Non. 427, 27:

eduxique animam in primoribu' naribus,

id. ib. 427, 32:

nasi primoris acumen,

Lucr. 6, 1193:

(pilo) primori inest pyxis ferrea,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 112; 10, 33, 51, § 99:

cauda late fusa primori parte,

id. 8, 54, 80, § 216:

vestibulum esse partem domus primorem,

Gell. 16, 5, 2:

in primore libro,

at the beginning of the book, Gell. 1, 18, 3:

usque in primores manus ac prope in digitos,

as far as the forepart of the hands, id. 7, 12:

primori in acie versari,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

The first in rank or dignity, chief, principal ( poet. and postclass.—In Liv. 24, 20, 13, Weissenb. reads: inpigre conscriptā; v. also Madvig. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52):

Argivorum viri,

Cat. 68, 87:

feminae,

Tac. A. 2, 29:

venti,

chief, cardinal, Gell. 2, 22.—Hence, subst.: prīmō-res, um, m.

The front rank in battle, etc.:

dum inter primores promptius dimicat, sagittā ictus est,

Curt. 4, 6, 17.—

The men of the first rank, the chiefs, nobles, patricians (cf. princeps):

Amphitruo delegit viros primorum principes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 49:

odio alienae honestatis ereptus primoribus ager,

Liv. 1, 47, 11:

primores populi arripuit,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 69:

civitatum primores atque optimates,

Col. 12, 3, 10:

primores, ac duces,

Juv. 15, 40:

ex primoribus,

Tac. A. 13, 30; 4, 33; Vulg. 2 Macc. 8, 9.

prŏcer, ĕris, in sing. only Juv. 8, 26, and Capitol. Max. 2; prŏcĕres, um (anteclass. collat. form prŏcus, i, in the gen. plur.:

procum patricium in descriptione classium quam facit, Serv. Tullius, significat procerum,

Fest. p. 249 Müll.; cf.:

jam (ut censoriae tabulae loquuntur) fabrum et procum audeo dicere, non fabrorum et procorum,

Cic. Or. 46, 156), m. [pro and root kar- of creo; cf. procērus].

Lit., a chief, noble; plur., the leading men, chiefs, nobles, princes (class.; syn.: primores, optimates, primi): scindunt proceres Pergamum, the Grecian chiefs, princes, * Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 130:

audiebam nostros proceres clamitantes,

Cic. Fam. 13, 15, 1:

Latinorum,

Liv. 1, 45, 2:

Etruscorum,

id. 2, 10:

ego proceribus civitatis annumeror,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

Caecina Largus e proceribus,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 5:

delectos populi ad proceres,

Verg. A. 3, 58:

castrorum,

Luc. 7, 69:

in procerum coetu,

id. 8, 261; Juv. 2, 121; 3, 213:

proceres rerum,

Sil. 11, 142.— Transf., of bees:

procerum seditio,

Col. 9, 9, 6.—In sing.:

agnosco procerem,

Juv. 8, 26:

in pueritiā fuit pastor nonnumquam et procer,

a leader, captain, Capitol. Max. 2.—

Trop., the foremost or most celebrated men, the masters in an art, science, etc. (post-Aug.):

proceres artis ejus (medicinae),

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

sapientiae,

id. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

gulae,

id. 9, 17, 30, § 66:

indicatis in genere utroque (pingendi) proceribus,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 138.

sīn, conj. [apocop. from si-ne], an adversative conditional particle, if however, if on the contrary, but if (good prose).

With a preceding si, nisi, quando, dum.

After si.

In gen.:

si domi sum, foris est animus: sin foris sum, animus domi est,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 7: hunc mihi timorem eripe: si est verus, ne opprimar;

sin falsus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18 fin.:

si optimates... sin populus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

quos si boni oppresserunt... sin audaces,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68;

1, 37, 58: si nostri oblitus es... sin aestivorum timor te debilitat,

id. Fam. 7, 14, 1:

qui si improbasset... sin' probasset, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

si sine vi velint rapta tradere, redderent... Sin aliter sient animati, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54:

sin aliter es,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 9; Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 5;

and simply sin aliter, with a verb understood,

but if not, in the contrary case, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 66; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69; id. Fam. 11, 14, 3; Quint. 8, 6, 74 al.:

sin secus,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 25:

accusator illum... defendet, si poterit: sin minus poterit, negabit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 29, 88;

so simply sin minus,

id. Att. 9, 15, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2. —

In the epistolary style also, ellipt., sin (for sin aliter or sin minus):

si pares aeque inter se, quiescendum: sin, latius manabit,

Cic. Att. 16, 13, b, 2.—

Strengthened,

By autem:

si malus est... sin autem frugi'st, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 6; cf.:

id si ita est, etc.... sin autem illa veriora,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 44; 5, 2, 14; Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; id. Att. 3, 8, 6 and 7; Just. 16, 4, 14; 31, 5, 7 al.; cf.:

si sunt viri boni, me adjuvant... sin autem minus idonei, me non laedunt,

Cic. Caecin. 1, 3; so id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34; and in epistolary style, ellipti.: si vir esse volet, praeclara sunodia: sin autem erimus nos, qui solemus id. Att. 10, 7, 2.—So freq. in Vulg.:

si est tibi intellectus, responde proximo: sin autem, sit manus tua super os tutum,

Vulg. Ecclus. 5, 14; 29, 8; id. Luc. 10, 6; id. Apoc. 2, 5.—

Less freq. by vero: si sit ovis matura [p. 1706]... sin vero feta, Col. 7, 3, 11.—

After nisi:

nisi molestum est, nomen dare vobis volo Comoediaï: sin odio est—dicam tamen,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 51.—

After quando:

quando abiit rete pessum, adducit lineam: sin jecit recte, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 16 (Speng. si injecit).—

After dum:

dum illi agunt suam rem agunt, ceteri cleptae: sin vident quempiam se adservare, obludunt,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 10.—

Without a preceding si, nisi, etc. (where the foregoing particle is usu. clearly implied by the context).

In gen.:

qui ero servire servos postulat, etc.... Sin dormitat, ita dormitet, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 5; cf. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6: Pae. Ne me attrecta. So. Sin te amo? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 45; cf. id. Ps. 1, 3, 22; id. Mil. 4, 8, 27:

primum danda opera est, ne quā amicorum discidia fiant: sin tale aliquid evenerit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78; cf. id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

adhuc nostri nulli fuerunt: sin quando exstiterint, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 24, 95:

orat ac postulat, rem publicam suscipiant. Sin timore defugiant, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

haec ut fiant, deos quaeso, ut vobis decet. Sin aliter animus voster est, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 46.—

In epistolary style, ellipt.:

ego, ut constitui, adero: atque utinam tu quoque eodem die! Sin quid—multa enim—utique postridie,

Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4.—

Strengthened,

By autem:

summi puerorum amores saepe unā cum praetextā togā ponerentur: sin autem ad adulescentiam perduxissent, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34; 21, 77; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; 2, 39, 66; id. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19; id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; Caes. B. G. 5, 35 al.—

Rarely by vero:

quidam saepe in parvā pecuniā cognoscuntur quam sint leves, quidam, etc., sin vero erunt aliqui, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63.

trādūco (TRANSDVCO, Inscr. Orell. 750; Cic. Sest. 42, 91; Sall. J. 11, 4; Liv. 10, 37, 1; and so always in Cæs.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 734), xi, ctum, 3 ( imv. traduce, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 22; id. Ad. 5, 7, 12; perf. sync. traduxti, Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 16; inf. parag. transducier, id. Most. 1, 1, 16; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46), v. a. [trans-duco], to lead, bring, or conduct across; to lead, bring, or carry over any thing (syn. traicio).

Lit.

In gen.:

jamne hanc traduxti huc ad nos vicinam tuam?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 16:

ut traduxisti huc ad nos uxorem tuam!

id. ib. 3, 4, 7:

traduce et matrem et familiam omnem ad nos,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 12:

exercitum ex Galliā in Ligures,

Liv. 40, 25, 9:

suas copias per angustias et fines Sequanorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 1, 19:

copias praeter castra,

id. ib. 1, 48:

cohortes ad se in castra,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

impedimenta ad se,

id. ib. 1, 42:

regem Antiochum in Europam,

Liv. 36, 3, 12:

aquaeductum per domum suam,

Dig. 6, 2, 11:

tua pompa Eo traducenda est,

to be carried over to him, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 18 Ruhnk.:

victimas in triumpho,

parade, Liv. 45, 39, 12:

carpentum, quo in pompā traduceretur,

was borne along, Suet. Calig. 15.—With trans (rare, and only when the place to which is also expressed):

hominum multitudinem trans Rhenum in Galliam transducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35 Kraner ad loc.—With abl. (very rare):

legiones Peninis Cottianisque Alpibus traducere,

Tac. H. 4, 68.—With double acc.:

traductus exercitus silvam Ciminiam,

Liv. 9, 39, 1; cf. in the foll. B.—

In partic.

To lead or convey across, to transport over a stream or bridge:

flumen subito accrevit, ut eā re traduci non potuerunt,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 97:

pontem in Arari faciundum curat. atque ita exercitum transducit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13. — Freq. with a double acc.: cum Isaram flumen exercitum traduxissem, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10. 21, 2:

ubi Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12: flumen Axonam exercitum transducere, id. ib. 2, 5:

quos Caesar transduxerat Rhenum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13; 7, 11:

copias flumen,

Liv. 21, 23, 3; 22, 45, 5:

Volturnum flumen exercitum,

id. 23, 36, 9; 26, 8, 9:

novum exercitum traducite Iberum,

id. 26, 41, 23.—Hence, pass.:

raptim traducto exercitu Iberum,

Liv. 24, 41, 1; 9, 39, 1:

legio flumen transducta,

Sall. H. 2, 57 Dietsch:

ne major multitudo Germanorum Rhenum transducatur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; id. B. C. 3, 76. — With abl. (very rare):

nisi flumine Ligeri copias traduxisset,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27:

Belgas Rhenum antiquitus esse transductos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4. —

Publicists' t. t.: traducere equum, to lead his horse along, said of a knight who passed muster at the inspection by the censor (cf. transveho):

qui (P. Africanus) cum esset censor et in equitum censu C. Licinius Sacerdos prodisset... cum contra nemo diceret, jussit equum traducere,

Cic. Clu. 48, 134; cf. Val. Max. 4, 1, 10.—

To lead along, parade in public by way of disgrace:

delatores flagellis caesi ac traducti per amphitheatri harenam,

Suet. Tit. 8 fin.; cf. infra, II. B. 2.

Trop.

In gen., to lead, bring, or carry over, to transfer, remove:

aut alio possis animi traducere motus,

Lucr. 4, 1068:

animos judicum a severitate paulisper ad hilaritatem risumque traducere,

Cic. Brut. 93, 322:

animum hominis ab omni aliā cogitatione ad tuam dignitatem tuendam,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 3:

animos a contrariā defensione abducere et ad nostram conor traducere,

id. de Or. 2, 72, 293:

ad amicitiam consuetudinemque,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:

post partum cura in vitulos traducitur omnis,

Verg. G. 3, 157:

tum omnem orationem traduxi et converti in increpandam Caepionis fugam,

Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

hanc rationem naturae difficile est traducere ad id genus divinationis,

to apply, id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

nomen eorum ad errorem fabulae,

id. Tusc. 5, 3, 8 et saep.:

centuriones ex inferioribus ordinibus in superiores ordines erant transducti,

transferred, Caes. B. G. 6, 40:

is ad plebem P. Clodium traducit,

Cic. Att. 1, 18, 4; cf.:

P. Clodium a patribus ad plebem,

Suet. Caes. 20: academicen suntaxin, Cic. Att. 13, 16:

gens in patricias transducta,

Suet. Aug. 2:

augur destinatus ad pontificatum traductus est,

id. Calig. 12:

medicus aegrum in meliorem consuetudinem, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 11 Müll.:

ut (oratio) eos qui audient ad majorem admirationem possit traducere,

Cic. Or. 57, 192:

mali punientur et traducentur in melius,

Sen. Ira, 2, 13, 4. — Poet., with dat.:

me mea paupertas vitae traducat inerti,

Tib. 1, 1, 5 (where Müll. reads vita).—

In partic.

To bring over, draw over one to some side or opinion:

hominem traducere ad optimates paro,

Cic. Att. 14, 21, 4:

si istud obtinueris, traducas me ad te totum licebit,

id. Fin. 4. 1, 2:

transductis ad se jam pluribus,

Suet. Caes. 14:

traduxit me ad suam sententiam,

Cic. Clu. 52, 144.—

To lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, i. e. to make a show of, to expose to public ridicule, to dishonor, disgrace, degrade (not ante-Aug.):

an non sensistis... vestras conjuges, vestros liberos traductos per ora hominum?

Liv. 2, 38, 3; Just. 36. 1, 5; cf. Petr. 87:

rideris multoque magis traduceris, etc.,

Mart. 6, 77, 5:

libidinem,

Sen. Ep. 100, 10; id. Ben. 2, 17, 5; 4, 32, 3; Mart. 3, 74, 5; Juv. 8, 17:

quae tua traducit manifesto carmina furto,

convicts of, proves guilty of, Mart. 1, 53, 3.—

In a good sense, to set forth publicly, make public, exhibit, display, proclaim, spread abroad:

poëmata,

Petr. 41:

tot annorum secreta,

id. 17: se, to show one ' s self in public:

lorica, in quā se traducebat Ulixem ancipitem,

Juv. 11, 31. —

Of time, to lead, spend, pass (class.;

syn.: ago, transigo): otiosam aetatem et quietam sine ullo labore et contentione traducere,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82; cf.:

hoc quod datum est vitae tranquille placideque traducere,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25: quantumcumque superest temporis, Aug. ap. Gell. 15, 7, 3:

adulescentiam eleganter,

Cic. Planc. 12, 31:

hoc tempus quā ratione,

id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:

quibus artibus latebrisque, vitam per novem annos, Tac H. 4, 67: leniter aevum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 97: tempora Cynicā cenā, Petr. poët. 14: consul traducere noctem exsomnis. Sil. 9, 4 et saep.—Hence, transf., of the administration of an office:

munus summā modestiā et summā abstinentiă,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1. —

In later gram. lang. [p. 1885]

To transfer a word from one subject or from one language to another (for the class. verto, converto, reddo, transfero, etc.): videtur Graecos secutus, qui ephodion a sumptu viae ad aliarum quoque rerum apparatus traducunt, Gell. 17, 2, 1:

vocabulum Graecum in linguam Romanam,

id. 1, 18, 1.—

To derive:

jactare multo fusius largiusque est quam jacere, unde id verbum traductum est,

Gell. 2, 6, 5; cf. id. 17, 2, 14.

vĭrīlis, e, adj. [vir], of or belonging to a man, manly, virile (cf.: mas, masculus).

Lit.

In respect of sex, male, masculine.

In gen.: virile et muliebre secus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

virile secus, i. e. puer,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 19:

vestimentum,

id. Men. 4, 2, 97:

genus,

Lucr. 5, 1356:

semen,

id. 4, 1209:

stirps fratris,

Liv. 1, 3, 11:

vox,

Ov. M. 4, 382:

vultus,

id. ib. 3, 189:

coetus,

of men, id. ib. 3, 403; cf. balnea, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 3:

flamma,

the love of a man, Ov. A. A. 1, 282.—

In partic.

In mal. part.:

pars,

Lucr. 6, 1209; cf. Col. 7, 11, 2.—As subst.: vĭrī-lia, ĭum, n., = membrum virile, Petr. 108; Plin. 20, 16, 61, § 169; 20, 22, 89, § 243.— Comp.:

qui viriliores videbantur,

Lampr. Heliog. 8 fin. —

In gram., of the masculine gender, masculine:

nomen,

Varr. L. L. 10, §§ 21 and 30 Müll.; Gell. 1, 7, 15; 11, 1, 4 al.—

In respect of strength, vigor, etc., manly, full-grown, arrived at the years of manhood:

conversis studiis aetas animusque virilis Quaerit opes, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 166:

ne forte seniles Mandentur juveni partes pueroque viriles,

the parts of fullgrown men, id. ib. 177:

pars magna domus tuae morietur cum ad virilem aetatem venerit,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 33:

toga,

assumed by Roman youth in their sixteenth year, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; id. Sest. 69, 144; Liv. 26, 19, 5; 42, 34, 4 al.—Opp. to female garments:

sumpsisti virilem togam quam statim muliebrem stolam reddidisti,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—

Transf., in jurid. lang., of or belonging to a person, that falls to a person or to each one in the division of inheritances: ut ex bonis ejus, qui, etc., virilis pars patrono debeatur, a proportionate part, an equal share with others, Gai Inst. 3, 42:

tota bona pro virilibus partibus ad liberos defuncti pertinere,

id. ib.:

virilis,

id. ib. 3, 70; Dig. 30, 1, 54, § 3; so,

virilis portio,

ib. 37, 5, 8 pr.; 31, 1, 70, § 2; Paul. Sent. 3, 2, 3.—

Transf., in gen.

Virilis pars or portio, share, part, lot of a person:

est aliqua mea pars virilis, quod ejus civitatis sum, quam ille claram reddidit,

my part, my duty, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81:

plus quam pars virilis postulat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 3, §

7: cum illius gloriae pars virilis apud omnes milites sit, etc.,

Liv. 6, 11, 5:

quem agrum miles pro parte virili manu cepisset, eum senex quoque vindicaret,

id. 3, 71, 7:

haec qui pro virili parte defendunt, optimates sunt,

i. e. to the utmost of their ability, as far as in them lies, Cic. Sest. 66, 138; so,

pro virili parte,

id. Phil. 13, 4, 8:

pro parte virili,

Liv. 10, 8, 4; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23:

pro virili portione,

Tac. Agr. 45; id. H. 3, 20.—

In other connections ( poet.):

actoris partis chorus officiumque virile Defendat,

Hor. A. P. 193 Orell. ad loc. —

Trop., of quality, worthy of a man, manly, manful, firm, vigorous, bold, spirited, etc.:

veretur quicquam aut facere aut loqui, quod parum virile videatur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 47:

laterum inflexio fortis ac virilis,

id. de Or. 3, 59, 220:

inclinatio laterum,

Quint. 1, 11, 18:

acta illa res est animo virili, consilio puerili,

Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3; so,

ingenium,

Sall. C. 20, 11:

vis ingenii (with solida),

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

audacia,

Just. 2, 12, 24:

oratio (with fortis),

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; so,

compositio,

Quint. 2, 5, 9:

sermo,

id. 9, 4, 3:

ratio atque sententia,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 10, 22:

neque enim oratorius iste, immo hercle ne virilis quidem cultus est,

Tac. Or. 26.—As subst.: vĭrīlia, ĭum, n., manly deeds, Sall. H. 3, 61, 15 Dietsch.— Sup.: ALMIAE SABINAE MATRI VIRILISSIMAE, etc., Inscr. Grud. p. 148, n. 5.— Adv.: vĭrīlĭter, manfully, firmly, courageously (acc. to II.), Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; id. Off. 1, 27, 94; Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16; Ov. F. 1, 479.— Comp.,, Sen. Contr. 5, 33 fin.; id. Brev. Vit. 6, 5.

vĭrīlis, e, adj. [vir], of or belonging to a man, manly, virile (cf.: mas, masculus).

Lit.

In respect of sex, male, masculine.

In gen.: virile et muliebre secus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

virile secus, i. e. puer,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 19:

vestimentum,

id. Men. 4, 2, 97:

genus,

Lucr. 5, 1356:

semen,

id. 4, 1209:

stirps fratris,

Liv. 1, 3, 11:

vox,

Ov. M. 4, 382:

vultus,

id. ib. 3, 189:

coetus,

of men, id. ib. 3, 403; cf. balnea, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 3:

flamma,

the love of a man, Ov. A. A. 1, 282.—

In partic.

In mal. part.:

pars,

Lucr. 6, 1209; cf. Col. 7, 11, 2.—As subst.: vĭrī-lia, ĭum, n., = membrum virile, Petr. 108; Plin. 20, 16, 61, § 169; 20, 22, 89, § 243.— Comp.:

qui viriliores videbantur,

Lampr. Heliog. 8 fin. —

In gram., of the masculine gender, masculine:

nomen,

Varr. L. L. 10, §§ 21 and 30 Müll.; Gell. 1, 7, 15; 11, 1, 4 al.—

In respect of strength, vigor, etc., manly, full-grown, arrived at the years of manhood:

conversis studiis aetas animusque virilis Quaerit opes, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 166:

ne forte seniles Mandentur juveni partes pueroque viriles,

the parts of fullgrown men, id. ib. 177:

pars magna domus tuae morietur cum ad virilem aetatem venerit,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 33:

toga,

assumed by Roman youth in their sixteenth year, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; id. Sest. 69, 144; Liv. 26, 19, 5; 42, 34, 4 al.—Opp. to female garments:

sumpsisti virilem togam quam statim muliebrem stolam reddidisti,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—

Transf., in jurid. lang., of or belonging to a person, that falls to a person or to each one in the division of inheritances: ut ex bonis ejus, qui, etc., virilis pars patrono debeatur, a proportionate part, an equal share with others, Gai Inst. 3, 42:

tota bona pro virilibus partibus ad liberos defuncti pertinere,

id. ib.:

virilis,

id. ib. 3, 70; Dig. 30, 1, 54, § 3; so,

virilis portio,

ib. 37, 5, 8 pr.; 31, 1, 70, § 2; Paul. Sent. 3, 2, 3.—

Transf., in gen.

Virilis pars or portio, share, part, lot of a person:

est aliqua mea pars virilis, quod ejus civitatis sum, quam ille claram reddidit,

my part, my duty, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 81:

plus quam pars virilis postulat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 3, §

7: cum illius gloriae pars virilis apud omnes milites sit, etc.,

Liv. 6, 11, 5:

quem agrum miles pro parte virili manu cepisset, eum senex quoque vindicaret,

id. 3, 71, 7:

haec qui pro virili parte defendunt, optimates sunt,

i. e. to the utmost of their ability, as far as in them lies, Cic. Sest. 66, 138; so,

pro virili parte,

id. Phil. 13, 4, 8:

pro parte virili,

Liv. 10, 8, 4; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23:

pro virili portione,

Tac. Agr. 45; id. H. 3, 20.—

In other connections ( poet.):

actoris partis chorus officiumque virile Defendat,

Hor. A. P. 193 Orell. ad loc. —

Trop., of quality, worthy of a man, manly, manful, firm, vigorous, bold, spirited, etc.:

veretur quicquam aut facere aut loqui, quod parum virile videatur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 47:

laterum inflexio fortis ac virilis,

id. de Or. 3, 59, 220:

inclinatio laterum,

Quint. 1, 11, 18:

acta illa res est animo virili, consilio puerili,

Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3; so,

ingenium,

Sall. C. 20, 11:

vis ingenii (with solida),

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

audacia,

Just. 2, 12, 24:

oratio (with fortis),

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; so,

compositio,

Quint. 2, 5, 9:

sermo,

id. 9, 4, 3:

ratio atque sententia,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 10, 22:

neque enim oratorius iste, immo hercle ne virilis quidem cultus est,

Tac. Or. 26.—As subst.: vĭrīlia, ĭum, n., manly deeds, Sall. H. 3, 61, 15 Dietsch.— Sup.: ALMIAE SABINAE MATRI VIRILISSIMAE, etc., Inscr. Grud. p. 148, n. 5.— Adv.: vĭrīlĭter, manfully, firmly, courageously (acc. to II.), Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65; id. Off. 1, 27, 94; Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16; Ov. F. 1, 479.— Comp.,, Sen. Contr. 5, 33 fin.; id. Brev. Vit. 6, 5.