not+to+like

ac-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. ( perf. sync., accēstis, Verg. A. 1, 201), to go or come to or near, to approach (class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with ad, in, the local adverbs, the acc., dat., infin., or absol.

With ad:

accedam ad hominem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 14; so,

ad aedīs,

id. Amph. 1, 1, 108:

ad flammam,

Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 103:

omnīs ad aras,

to beset every altar, Lucr. 5, 1199:

ad oppidum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

ad ludos,

Cic. Pis. 27, 65:

ad Caesarem supplex,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 3: ad manum, to come to their hands (of fishes), id. Att. 2, 1, 7:

ad Aquinum,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106; so,

ad Heracleam,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129.— Impers.:

ad eas (oleas) cum accederetur,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.—

With in:

ne in aedīs accederes,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

in senatum,

id. Att. 7, 4, 1:

in Macedoniam,

id. Phil. 10, 6:

in funus aliorum,

to join a funeral procession, id. Leg. 2, 26, 66 al. —

With local adv.:

eodem pacto, quo huc accessi, abscessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 84:

illo,

Cic. Caecin. 16, 46:

quo,

Sall. J. 14, 17.—

With acc. (so, except the names of localities, only in poets and historians, but not in Caesar and Livy):

juvat integros accedere fontīs atque haurire,

Lucr. 1, 927, and 4, 2:

Scyllaeam rabiem scopulosque,

Verg. A. 1, 201:

Sicanios portus,

Sil. 14, 3; cf. id. 6, 604:

Africam,

Nep. Hann. 8:

aliquem,

Sall. J. 18, 9; 62, 1; Tac. H. 3, 24:

classis Ostia cum magno commeatu accessit,

Liv. 22, 37, 1:

Carthaginem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3.—

With dat. ( poet.):

delubris,

Ov. M. 15, 745:

silvis,

id. ib. 5, 674: caelo (i. e. to become a god), id. ib. 15, 818, and 870.—

With inf.:

dum constanter accedo decerpere (rosas),

App. M. 4, p. 143 med. —

Absol.:

accedam atque hanc appellabo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 17:

deici nullo modo potuisse qui non accesserit,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 36:

accessit propius,

ib. 8, 22:

quoties voluit blandis accedere dictis,

Ov. M. 3, 375 al. — Impers.: non potis accedi, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 17 ed. Vahl.):

quod eā proxime accedi poterat,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 21.

In partic.

To approach a thing in a hostilemanner (like aggredior, adorior), to attack:

acie instructa usque ad castra hostium accessit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51:

sese propediem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum,

Sall. C. 32 fin.:

ad manum,

to fight hand to hand, to engage in close combat, Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30, 12:

ad corpus alicujus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2: Atque accedit muros Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 29 (Ann. v. 527 ed. Vahl.): hostīs accedere ventis navibus velivolis, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5 (Ann. v. 380 ib.);

and, in malam part.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 22.—

Mercant. t. t.:

accedere ad hastam,

to attend an auction, Nep. Att. 6, 3; Liv. 43, 16, 2.—

In late Lat.: ad manus (different from ad manum, B. 1), to be admitted to kiss hands, Capit. Maxim. 5.

Fig.

In gen., to come near to, to approach:

haud invito ad aurīs sermo mi accessit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 32; so,

clemens quidam sonus aurīs ejus accedit,

App. M. 5, p. 160:

si somnus non accessit,

Cels. 3, 18; cf.:

febris accedit,

id. 3, 3 sq.:

ubi accedent anni,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 85; cf.:

accedente senectā,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 211.

In partic.

To come to or upon one, to happen to, to befall (a meaning in which it approaches so near to accĭdo that in many passages it has been proposed to change it to the latter; cf. Ruhnk. Rut. Lup. 1, p. 3; 2, p. 96; Dictat. in Ter. p. 222 and 225); constr. with ad or (more usually) with dat.:

voluntas vostra si ad poëtam accesserit,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 29:

num tibi stultitia accessit?

have you become a fool? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 77:

paulum vobis accessit pecuniae,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56:

dolor accessit bonis viris, virtus non est imminuta,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9:

quo plus sibi aetatis accederet,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 254 al.

With the accessory idea of increase, to be added = addi; constr. with ad or dat.: primum facie (i. e. faciei) quod honestas accedit, Lucil. ap. Gell. 1, 14; so ap. Non. 35, 20:

ad virtutis summam accedere nihil potest,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24:

Cassio animus accessit,

id. Att. 5, 20; 7, 3; id. Clu. 60 al.:

pretium agris,

the price increases, advances, Plin. Ep. 6, 19, 1.— Absol.:

plura accedere debent,

Lucr. 2, 1129:

accedit mors,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 60; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73:

quae jacerent in tenebris omnia, nisi litterarum lumen accederet,

id. Arch. 6, 14 (so, not accenderet, is to be read).—If a new thought is to be added, it is expressed by accedit with quod ( add to this, that, etc.) when it implies a logical reason, but with ut ( beside this, it happens that, or it occurs that) when it implies an historical fact (cf. Zumpt, §

621 and 626): accedit enim, quod patrem amo,

Cic. Att. 13, 21: so Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Att. 1, 92 al.; Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 4, 16; Sall. C. 11, 5;

on the other hand: huc accedit uti, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 192, 215, 265 al.:

ad App. Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus esset,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; so id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Deiot. 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; 5, 16 al. When several new ideas are added, they are introduced by res in the plur.: cum ad has suspiciones certissimae res accederent: quod per fines Sequanorum Helvetios transduxisset; quod obsides inter eos dandos curāsset;

quod ea omnia, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19. Sometimes the historical idea follows accedit, without ut:

ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam: haec Andria... gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 11:

accedit illud: si maneo... cadendum est in unius potestatem,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.

To give assent to, accede to, assent to, to agree with, to approve of; constr. with ad or dat. (with persons only, with dat.):

accessit animus ad meam sententiam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69; Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

Galba speciosiora suadentibus accessit,

Tac. H. 1, 34; so Quint. 9, 4, 2 al.

To come near to in resemblance, to resemble, be like; with ad or dat. (the latter most freq., esp. after Cic.):

homines ad Deos nulla re propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando,

Cic. Lig. 12:

Antonio Philippus proximus accedebat,

id. Brut. 147; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 3; id. de Or. 1, 62, 263; id. Ac. 2, 11, 36 al.

To enter upon, to undertake; constr. with ad or in:

in eandem infamiam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 84:

ad bellorum pericula,

Cic. Balb. 10:

ad poenam,

to undertake the infliction of punishment, id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

ad amicitiam Caesaris,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

ad vectiǵalia,

to undertake their collection as contractor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42:

ad causam,

the direction of a lawsuit, id. ib. 2, 2, 38; id. de Or. 1, 38, 175 al. But esp.:

ad rem publicam,

to enter upon the service of the state, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. Rosc. Am. 1 al.,‡

ad-mŏdum, adv. [modus], prop., to the measure or limit (scarcely found in the poets, except the comic poets);

as, postea ubi occipiet fervere, paulisper demittito, usque admodum dum quinquies quinque numeres,

quite to the limit till you count, until you count, Cato, R. R. 156, 2 (like fere and omnino, freq. put after its word).— Hence,

To a (great) measure, in a high degree, much, very. —With adj., P. adj., vbs., and adv.

With adj.:

admodum causam gravem,

Lucil. 29, 19 Müll.:

admodum antiqui,

Cic. Phil. 5, 47:

admodum amplum et excelsum,

id. Verr. 4, 74:

utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris,

id. Lael. 4, 16; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 10:

nec admodum in virum honorificum,

Liv. 6, 34, 8:

in quo multum admodum fortunae datur,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

neque admodum sunt multi,

Nep. Reg. 1, 1:

admodum magnis itineribus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56:

admodum pauci,

Cic. Phil. 3, 36; 14, 27; id. N. D. 3, 69; Tac. G. 18:

pauci admodum,

Liv. 10, 41:

iter angustum admodum,

Sall. J. 92:

admodum nimia ubertas,

very excessive, Col. 4, 21:

admodum dives,

Suet. Caes. 1:

brevis admodum,

id. ib. 56.—And strengthened by quam, q. v. (only before and after the class. per.):

hic admodum quam saevus est,

very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

voce admodum quam suavi,

Gell. 19, 9 (on this use of quam, cf. Rudd. II. p. 307, n. 15).—

With part. adj.:

admodum iratum senem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 13:

iratum admodum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 49:

natio admodum dedita religionibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

prorae admodum erectae,

id. ib. 3, 13:

admodum mitigati,

Liv. 1, 10:

munitus admodum,

Tac. A. 2, 80:

admodum fuit militum virtus laudanda,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8.—Esp. is it joined (like komidêi in Dem.) with words denoting age; as, puer, adulescens, juvenis, senex, to enhance the idea (for which in some cases the dim. or the prefix per- is used;

as, puellus, adulescentulus, peradulescentulus): Catulus admodum tum adulescens,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 13, 47; Tac. A. 1, 3:

puer admodum,

Liv. 31, 28; Sen. Brev. Vit. 7, 3; Quint. 12, 6, 1:

admodum infans,

Tac. A. 4, 13:

juvenis admodum,

id. H. 4, 5:

fratres admodum juvenes,

Curt. 7, 2, 12:

admodum senex,

Eutr. 8, 1:

admodum parvulus,

Just. 17, 3:

non admodum grandem natu,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10.— Also with dim.: neque admodum adulescentulus est, Naev. ap. Sergium ad Don. Keil, Gr. Lat. IV. p. 559 (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11):

hic admodum adulescentulus est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90; so Nep. Ham. 1, 1 (cf. peradulescentulus, id. Eum. 1, 4), and Tac. A. 4, 44.—

With verbs (in earlier Latin, mostly with delectare, diligere, placere): haec anus admodum frigultit, Enn. ap. Fulg. p. 175:

irridere ne videare et gestire admodum,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 125:

neque admodum a pueris abscessit,

Naev. Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 11:

me superiores litterae tuae admodum delectaverunt,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19; id. Att. 7, 24:

ejus familiarissimos, qui me admodum diligunt,

id. Fam. 4, 13:

stomacho admodum prodest,

Plin. 20, 3, 7, § 13:

bucinum pelagio admodum adligatur,

id. 9, 38, 62, § 134:

(familia) ipsa admodum floruit,

Suet. Tib. 3:

Marius auctis admodum copiis... vicit,

Flor. 1, 36, 13 Halm.—

With adv.:

haec inter nos nuper notitia admodum est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1: si quando demersimus, aut nihil superum aut obscure admodum cernimus, Cic. Ac. ap. Non. 7, 57: acipenser, qui admodum raro capitur, id. de Fato ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

raro admodum admonitu amicorum... uti solebat,

Curt. 4, 13, 25:

ubi satis admodum suorum animos est expertus,

Liv. 34, 13, 4 Weissenb. (Hertz cancels satis): quae maxime admodum oratori accommodata est, Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 17 (Oudendorp regarded this as a mere pleonasm, and Hand seems to agree with him; Klotz and B. and K. adopt after Goerenz the reading maxime ad modum oratoris, but Hand condemned this form).—

To a (full) measure, fully, completely, wholly, quite, absolutely.

Of number (not used in this way by Cic., Tac., or Suet.): noctu turres admodum CXX. excitantur, full 120, Caes. B. G. 5, 40: sex milia hostium caesa;

quinque admodum Romanorum,

Liv. 22, 24. 14; 42, 65, 3;

44, 43, 8: mille admodum hostium utràque pugnā occidit,

id. 27, 30, 2:

in laevo cornu Bactriani ibant equites, mille admodum,

a round thousand, Curt. 4, 12, 3: mille admodum equites praemiserat, quorum paucitate Alexander, etc., a thousand, but not more (as the context requires), id. 4, 9, 24:

congregati admodum quingenti sponsos hostes consectantur, trucidatisque admodum novem milibus, etc.,

Just. 24, 1.

24, 26, Gronovius ad Liv. 27, 30, 2, is rejected by recent scholars, as Hand, Turs. I. p. 175 sq., and by Corradini, Lex. Lat. s. h. v.

Of time:

legati ex Macedonia exacto admodum mense Februario redierunt,

when February was fully ended, Liv. 43, 11, 9:

Alexandri filius, rex Syriae, decem annos admodum habens,

just ten years, Liv. Epit. 55:

post menses admodum septem occiditur,

Just. 17, 2, 3.—

With negatives, just, at all, absolutely:

equestris pugna nulla admodum fuit,

no engagement with the cavalry at all, Liv. 23, 29, 14:

armorum magnam vim transtulit, nullam pecuniam admodum,

id. 40, 59, 2:

horunc illa nibilum quidquam facere poterit admodum,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 65:

Curio litterarum admodum nihil sciebat,

Cic. Brut. 58, 210:

oratorem plane quidem perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit, Demosthenem facile dixeris,

id. 9, 35: alter non multum, alter nihil admodum scripti reliquit (by the latter is meant Antonius, who indeed, acc. to Brut. 44, 163, left a treatise de ratione dicendi, but no written oration at all, by which his eloquence could be judged), id. Or. 38, 132; id. Clu. 50, 140; id. Or. 2, 2, 8; eirôneia a tropo genere ipso nihil admodum distat, Quint. 9, 2, 44;

quia nihil admodum super vite aut arbore colenda sciret,

Gell. 19, 12. —

In emphatic affirmative or corroborative answers, = maxime (Gr. panu ge), exactly, just so, quite so, certainly, yes (freq. in Plaut., only twice in Ter.); cf. the remark of Cic.: scis solere, frater, in hujusmodi sermone, ut transiri alio possit, dici Admodum aut Prorsus ita est, Leg. 3, 11, 26: nempe tu hanc dicis, quam esse aiebas dudum popularem meam. Tr. Admodum, Certainly, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 36: num quidnam ad filium haec aegritudo attinet? Ni. Admodum, It does, id. Bacch. 5, 1, 24; 4, 1, 40; id. Rud. 1, 5, 10; 1, 2, 55; 3, 6, 2; id. Ps. 4, 7, 54: Advenis modo? Pa. Admodum, Yes, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 8; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 1.

may have the same force as in II., in:

quandam formam ingenii, sed admodum impolitam et plane rudem,

absolutely without polish and altogether rude, Cic. Brut. 85, 294, compared with:

(oratorem) plane perfectum et cui nihil admodum desit,

id. ib. 9, 35, where the same adverbs occur.

aequālis, e, adj. [aequo], that can be put on an equality with; conseq., equal, like; constr. with dat., absol. and as subst. with gen. (syn.: aequus, aequabilis, planus, par, similis).

Lit.:

partem pedis esse aequalom alteri parti,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

paupertatem divitiis etiam inter homines aequalem esse,

id. Leg. 2, 10, 24:

aequalem se faciens Deo,

Vulg. Joan. 5, 18:

aequales angelis sunt,

like, ib. Luc. 20, 36:

nec enim aut linguā aut moribus aequales abhorrere (Bastarnas a Scordiscis),

Liv. 40, 57, 7:

ut sententiae sint membris aequalibus,

Quint. 9, 3, 80:

aequalis ponderis erunt omnes,

Vulg. Exod. 30, 34; ib. Deut. 19, 7; ib. Apoc. 21, 16.—As subst. with gen.:

Creticus et ejus aequalis Paeon,

Cic. Or. 64, 215. (Another constr., v. II.)—Hence,

Transf.

That can be compared in respect to age, of the same age, equally old.

Of persons.

Of the same age, equal in years: cum neque me aspicere aequales dignarent meae. Pac. ap. Non. 470, 20 (Trag. Rel. p. 97 Rib.): patris cognatum atque aequalem, Archidemidem, nostine? Ter Eun. 2, 3, 35:

adulescens ita dilexi senem, ut aequalem,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10:

P. Orbius, meus fere aequalis,

id. Brut. 48 init.:

Aristides aequalis fere ruit Themistocli,

Nep. Arist. 1 al. —

In gen., contemporary, coeval; and subst., a contemporary, without definite reference to equality in age;

Livius (Andronicus) Ennio aequalis fuit,

Cic. Brut. 18:

Philistus aequalis illorum temporum,

id. Div 1, 20; Liv. 8, 40.—

In the comic poets, esp. in connection with amicus, of the same age:

O amice salve mi atque aequalis, ut vales?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 10; 2, 2, 50; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8; so id. Ad. 3, 4, 26:

ne cuiquam suorum aequalium supplex siet,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 47.—

Of things, coexal, coexistent, etc.:

Deiotari benevolentia in populum Romanum est ipsius aequalis aetati,

is as old as himself, has grown up with him, Cic. Phil. 11, 13:

in memoriam notam et aequalem incurro,

i. e. which belongs to our time, id. Brut. 69; id. Leg. 1, 2: ne istud Juppiter sierit urbem in aeternum conditam fragili huic et mortali corpori aequalem esse, i. e. should exist for an equally short time, Liv 28, 28.—Rarely with cum:

aequali tecum pubesceret aevo,

Verg. A. 3, 491:

fuit cum ea cupressus aequalis,

Plin. 16, 44, 86, § 236.—

That can be compared in respect to size or form; of equal size, looking alike, resembling, similar:

florentes aequali corpore Nymphae,

Verg. Cir. 435:

chorus aequalis Dryadum,

a chorus of Dryads alike, id. G. 4, 460.—

Uniform, equable, unvarying; virtutes sunt inter se aequales et pares, Cic. de Or, 1, 18;

3, 14, 55: nil aequale homini fuit illi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 9:

imber lentior aequaliorque,

and more uniform, Liv. 24, 46:

aequali ictu freta scindere, Ov M. 11, 463: Euphranor in quocumque genere excellens ac sibi aequalis,

always equal to himself, Plin. 35, 11, 37, § 128:

opus aequali quadam mediocritate,

Quint. 10, 1, 54.—Hence, but rarely, = aequus, of place, equal, uniform, level, smooth, even, plain, both in a horizontal and ascending direction:

loca,

Sall. J. 79:

terra,

Ov. M. 1, 34:

gentes esse sine naribus aequali totius oris planitie,

Plin. 6, 30, 35, § 187:

mons aequali dorso continuus,

Tac. A. 4, 47.— Comp. prob. not used.—

* Sup.:

aequalissima porticus,

Tert. Anim. 17.— Adv.: aequālĭter, equally, uniformly, in the same manner, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 70; id. Ac. 2, 11; id. Lael. 16, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 18; Vulg. Deut. 19, 3; ib. 1 Par. 24, 31; ib. Sap. 6, 8.— Comp., Tac. A. 15, 21.— Sup. not used.

dĭes (dīes, Liv. Andron. Fragm. Odys. 7), ēi ([etilde]ī, Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.;

dissyl.: di-ei,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 31; also gen. dies, die, and dii—dies, as in acies, facies, pernicies, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Ann. v. 401 Vahl.; Cic. Sest. 12, 28 ap. Gell. l. l.:

die,

Prisc. p. 780 P.; even in Verg. G. 1, 208, where Gellius reads dies, v. Wagner ad loc., nearly all MSS. have die; cf. Rib. and Forbig. ad loc.; so,

die,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 59; id. Capt. 4, 2, 20; Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5; id. B. C. 1, 14, 3; 3, 76, 2; Just. 2, 11, 17; cf. Oud. ad B. G. 2, 23, 1. Die appears to be certain in Sall. J. 52, 3; 97, 3. Also in Cic. Sest. 12, 28, Gellius reads dies, where our MSS., except the Cod. Lamb., have diei;

perh. those words do not belong to Cicero himself. Form dii,

Verg. A. 1, 636, Rib. and Forbig. after Serv. and Gell. l. l.— Dat., diēī, saep. die, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 208; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 48; id. Capt. 3, 1, 4; id. Trin. 4, 2, 1;

once dii,

id. Merc. 1, Prol. 13; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, 121 sq.); m. (in sing. sometimes f., esp. in the signif. no. I. B. 1.) [root Sanscr. dī, gleam: dinas, day; Gr. dios, heavenly; cf. Lat. Jovis (Diovis), Diana, deus, dīvus, etc. Old form, dius (for divus); cf.: nudius, diu, etc. The word also appears in composition in many particles, as pridem, hodie, diu, etc., v. Corss. Auspr. 2, 855 sq.], a day (cf.: tempus, tempestas, aetas, aevum, spatium, intervallum).

Lit.

In gen., the civil day of twenty-four hours.

Masc.:

dies primus est veris in Aquario... dies tertius... dies civiles nostros, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3; Gell. 3, 2: REBVS IVRE IVDICATIS TRIGINTA DIES IVSTI SVNTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; and 15, 13 fin.; for which;

per dies continuos XXX., etc.,

Gai. Inst. 3, 78: multa dies in bello conficit unus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 297 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

non uno absolvam die,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73:

hic dies,

id. Aul. 4, 9, 11:

hic ille est dies,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 3:

ante hunc diem,

id. ib. 3, 4, 101:

illo die impransus fui,

id. Am. 1, 1, 98; cf.:

eo die,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.; 2, 6; 2, 32 fin.; 4, 11, 4; 5, 15 fin. et saep.:

postero die,

id. ib. 1, 15, 1; 3, 6, 3 et saep.; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17; Sall. J. 29, 5; 38, 9 et saep.:

in posterum diem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 65 fin. et saep.:

diem scito esse nullum, quo die non dicam pro reo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:

domi sedet totos dies,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34:

paucos dies ibi morati,

Caes. B. G. 7, 5, 4:

dies continuos XXX. sub bruma esse noctem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 3:

hosce aliquot dies,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 4; cf. id. Eun. 1, 2, 71 et saep.:

festo die si quid prodegeris,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10; so,

festus,

id. Cas. 1, 49; id. Poen. 3, 5, 13; 4, 2, 26 et saep.—

Fem. (freq. in poetry metri gratiā; rare in prose), postrema, Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14:

omnia ademit Una dies,

Lucr. 3, 912; cf. id. 3, 921; 5, 96 and 998: homines, qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem in his horis XXIV. nati sunt, una die nati dicuntur, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 2, 2 (uno die, Macr. S. 1, 3):

quibus effectis armatisque diebus XXX., a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.:

Varronem profiteri, se altera die ad colloquium venturum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 4 (for which, shortly before: quo cum esset postero die ventum); cf.:

postera die,

Sall. J. 68, 2 (for which, in the same author, more freq.:

postero die): pulchra,

Hor. Od. 1, 36, 10:

suprema,

id. ib. 1, 13, 20:

atra,

Verg. A. 6, 429:

tarda,

Ov. M. 15, 868 et saep.—(But Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 1; 3, 37, 1, read altero, tertio.)—

Connections:

postridie ejus diei, a favorite expression of Caesar,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23, 1: 1, 47, 2; 1, 48, 2 et saep., v. postridie;

and cf.: post diem tertium ejus diei,

Cic. Att. 3, 7; Sulpic. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Liv. 27, 35:

diem ex die exspectabam,

from day to day, id. ib. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; for which also: diem de die prospectans, Liv. 5, 48; and: diem de die differre, id. 25, 25: LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO, for every day, day by day, daily, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.:

affatim est hominum, in dies qui singulas escas edunt,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 10; so,

in dies,

every day, Cic. Top. 16, 62; Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7; 5, 58, 1; 7, 30, 4; Vell. 2, 52, 2; Liv. 21, 11 Drak.; 34, 11 al.; less freq. in sing.:

nihil usquam sui videt: in diem rapto vivit,

Liv. 22, 39; cf.:

mutabilibus in diem causis (opp. natura perpetua),

id. 31, 29 (in another signif. v. the foll., no. II. A. 3); and: cui licet in diem ( = singulis diebus, daily) dixisse Vixi, etc., Hor. Od. 3, 29, 42. And still more rarely: ad diem, Treb. Gallien. 17; Vop. Firm. 4:

ante diem, v. ante.—Die = quotidie or in diem,

daily, Verg. E. 2, 42; 3, 34:

quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi,

id. A. 11, 397:

paucissimos die composuisse versus,

Quint. 10, 3, 8:

saepius die,

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22: die crastini, noni, pristini, quinti, for die crastino, nono, etc., v. h. vv. crastinus, nonus, etc.; and cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4.—

In partic.

A set day, appointed time, term in the widest sense of the word (for appearing before court, in the army, making a payment, etc.).

Masc.: MORBVS SONTICVS... STATVS DIES CVM HOSTE... QVID HORVM FVIT VNVM IVDICI ARBITROVE REOVE DIES DIFFISVS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12; Fest. p. 273, 26 Müll.; for which: STATVS CONDICTVSVE DIES CVM HOSTE, acc. to Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4;

and with comic reference to the words of this law,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5 (found also in Macr. S. 1, 16);

and freq.: status dies,

Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 1; Suet. Claud. 1; Flor. 1, 13, 16 et saep.:

hic nuptiis dictus est dies,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 75; cf.:

dies colloquio dictus est ex eo die quintus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42, 4; so,

dictus,

id. ib. 5, 27, 5:

iis certum diem conveniendi dicit,

id. ib. 5, 57, 2:

die certo,

Sall. J. 79, 4; cf.

constituto,

id. ib. 13 fin.:

decretus colloquio,

id. ib. 113, 3:

praestitutus,

Liv. 3, 22:

praefinitus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; Gell. 16, 4, 3:

ascriptus,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 8 et saep.:

quoniam advesperascit, dabis diem nobis aliquem, ut contra ista dicamus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. B. C. 1, 11, 2; Sall. J. 109, 3; Liv. 35, 35 et saep.:

dies ater,

an unlucky day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25.—

Fem. (so commonly in this sense in class. prose, but only in sing., v. Mützell ad Curt. 3, 1, 8):

ut quasi dies si dicta sit,

Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11; so,

dicta,

Cic. Fam. 16, 10 fin.; cf.:

edicta ad conveniendum,

Liv. 41, 10 fin.:

praestituta,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; 2, 2, 28; Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 38; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14 fin.; id. Vatin. 15, 37; id. Tusc. 1, 39; Liv. 45, 11 et saep.; cf.

constituta,

Cic. Caecin. 11, 32; Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2; 1, 8, 3: certa eius rei constituta, id. B. C. 3, 33, 1:

pacta et constituta,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

statuta,

Liv. 31, 29:

stata,

id. 27, 23 fin.:

certa,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 4, 5, 1, 8; id. B. C. 1, 2, 6; Nep. Chabr. 3 et saep.:

annua,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23; id. Att. 12, 3 fin.; cf.

longa,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 18:

die caecā emere, oculatā vendere,

i. e. to buy on credit and sell for cash, id. Ps. 1, 3, 67, v. caecus, no. II. B.:

haec dies summa hodie est, mea amica sitne libera, an, etc.,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 34:

puto fore istam etiam a praecone diem,

Cic. Att. 13, 3:

ubi ea dies venit (preceded by tempore ejus rei constituto),

Caes. B. G. 7, 3:

praeterita die, qua suorum auxilia exspectaverant,

id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 33, 4:

esse in lege, quam ad diem proscriptiones fiant,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128 et saep.—

Both genders together:

diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr., etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Att. 2, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.—

Hence: dicere diem alicui, to impeach, lay an accusation against:

diem mihi, credo, dixerat,

Cic. Mil. 14, 36:

Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus,

id. Div. in Caec. 20, 67.—

A natural day, a day, as opp. to night: ut vel, quia est aliquid, aliud non sit, ut Dies est, nox non est; vel, quia est aliquid, et aliud sit: Sol est super terram, dies est, Quint. 5, 8, 7: pro di immortales, quis hic illuxit dies, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 76:

credibile non est, quantum scribam die, quin etiam noctibus,

in the daytime, id. Att. 13, 26:

negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

in a single day and night, id. N. D. 2, 9, 24; cf.

in this signif.: die ac nocte,

Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 113:

nocte et die,

Liv. 25, 39;

and simply die,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 4; Quint. 10, 3, 8; cf.

also: currus rogat ille paternos, Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum,

Ov. M. 2, 48; and, connected with nox:

(Themistocles) diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris,

Nep. Them. 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; Liv. 22, 1 fin. —But more freq.: diem noctemque, like our day and night, i. q. without ceasing, uninterruptedly; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 11; 7, 42 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 62;

for which less freq.: diem et noctem,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 38, 1;

diem ac noctem,

Liv. 27, 4 and 45:

noctemque diemque,

Verg. A. 8, 94; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 23:

continuate nocte ac die itinere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1; 3, 36, 8; and in plur.:

dies noctesque,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 49; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 113; Cic. Att. 7, 9 fin.; Nep. Dat. 4, 4 et saep.; also, reversing the order: noctesque diesque, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 338 ed. Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 1, 76:

noctesque et dies,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 52; id. Eun. 5, 8, 49:

noctes atque dies,

Lucr. 2, 12; 3, 62; Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51; Verg. A. 6, 127 al.:

noctes diesque,

id. ib. 9, 488:

noctes ac dies,

Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

noctes et dies,

id. Brut. 90, 308; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Tusc. 5, 25 and 39; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 49; cf.

also: neque noctem neque diem intermittit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38:

Galli dies... sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur,

id. ib. 6, 18, 2 Herz ad loc. So, too, in gen.:

qui nocte dieque frequentat Limina,

Mart. 10, 58, 11:

cum die,

at break of day, Ov. M. 13, 677:

orto die ( = orta luce),

Tac. A. 1, 20; 1, 68; id. H. 2, 21:

ante diem ( = ante lucem),

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 35:

dies fit, late Lat. for lucescit,

Vulg. Luc. 22, 66: de die, in open day, broad day; v. de.—

Dies alicujus (like the Heb. ; v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v.).

I. q. dies natalis, a birthday:

diem meum scis esse III. Non. Jan. Aderis igitur,

Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2; cf.

in full: natali die tuo,

id. ib. 9, 5 al. So the anniversary day of the foundation of a city is, dies natalis urbis, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—

I. q. dies mortis, dying-day:

quandocumque fatalis et meus dies veniet statuarque tumulo,

Tac. Or. 13 fin. Called, also: supremus dies. Suet. Aug. 99; id. Tib. 67; cf.:

supremus vitae dies,

Cic. de Sen. 21, 78; Suet. Aug. 61. Hence:

diem suum obire,

to die, Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2;

and in the same sense: obire diem supremum,

Nep. Milt. 7 fin.; id. Dion. 2 fin.; Suet. Claud. 1:

exigere diem supremum,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

explere supremum diem,

id. ib. 1, 6; 3, 76;

and simply: obire diem,

Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Vesp. 1; id. Gr. 3; cf.

also: fungi diem,

Just. 19, 1, 1.—

I. q. dies febris, fever-day: etsi Non. Mart., [p. 574] die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem, Cic. Att. 9, 2 init.; 7, 8, 2 al.

Transf.

In gen. (from no. I. A.).

A day, for that which is done in it (cf. the Hebr., the Gr. eleutheron êmar, etc.):

is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3:

non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus C. Mario,

id. Att. 10, 8, 7:

equites Romanos daturos illius diei poenas,

id. Sest. 12, 28:

hic dies et Romanis refecit animos et Persea perculit,

Liv. 42, 67 Drak.; cf. id. 9, 39 fin.; Vell. 2, 35 Ruhnk.; 2, 86; Just. 9, 3 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 58 Duker.:

imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem,

Tac. Agr. 34:

quid pulchrius hac consuetudine excutiendi totum diem?... totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior, etc., Sen. de Ira, 3, 36: dies Alliensis, i. q. pugna Alliensis,

Liv. 6, 1; Suet. Vit. 11:

Cannensis,

Flor. 4, 12, 35 al. And so even of one's state of mind on any particular day:

qualem diem Tiberius induisset,

what humor, temper, Tac. A. 6, 20. —

A day's journey:

hanc regionem, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem, decem inter duo maria in latitudinem patentem,

Liv. 38, 59; Just. 36, 2, 14 al.—

In gen. (like, hêmera, and our day, for) time, space of time, period:

diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras,

Liv. 2, 45;

so with tempus,

id. 22, 39; 42, 50: amorem intercapedine ipse lenivit dies, Turp. ap. Non. 522, 7;

so in the masc. gender: longus,

Stat. Th. 1, 638; Luc. 3, 139;

but also longa,

Plaut. Epid. 4, 1, 18; Plin. Ep. 8, 5 fin.; cf.

perexigua,

a brief respite, Cic. Verr. 1, 2 fin.:

nulla,

Ov. M. 4, 372 al.:

ex ea die ad hanc diem quae fecisti, in judicium voco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

ut infringatur hominum improbitas ipsa die, quae debilitat cogitationes, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53 al.: indutiae inde, non pax facta;

quarum et dies exierat, et ante diem rebellaverant,

i. e. the term of the truce, Liv. 4, 30 fin.; 30, 24; 42, 47 fin. (for which: quia tempus indutiarum cum Veienti populo exierat, id. 4, 58).—Prov.:

dies adimit aegritudinem,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 13: dies festus, festival-time, festival:—diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, Liv. 25, 23 et saep.:

die lanam et agnos vendat,

at the right time, Cato R. R. 150, 2:

praesens quod fuerat malum, in diem abiit,

to a future time, Ter. Ph. 5, 2, 16; so in diem, opp. statim, Q. Cic. Pet. cons. 12, 48;

and simply in diem,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 48; Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 19; Cic. Cael. 24.—Esp. freq. in diem vivere, to live on from day to day, regardless of the future, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 et saep; cf. the equivoque with de die, under de.—

In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2— poet., and in postAug. prose).

Light of day, daylight:

contraque diem radiosque micantes Obliquantem oculos,

Ov. M. 7, 411; 5, 444; 13, 602:

multis mensibus non cernitur dies,

Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 70; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; 9, 36, 2 al.; also of the eyesight, Stat. Th. 1, 237;

and trop. of the conscience: saeva dies animi scelerumque in pectore Dirae,

id. ib. 1, 52.—

For caelum, the sky, the heavens:

sub quocumque die, quocumque est sidere mundi,

Luc. 7, 189; 1, 153:

incendere diem nubes oriente remotae,

id. 4, 68; 8, 217; Stat. Th. 1, 201.—Hence, like caelum,

The weather:

totumque per annum Durat aprica dies,

Val. Fl. 1, 845:

tranquillus,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

mitis,

id. 11, 10, 10, § 20:

pestilens,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 104.—

The air:

nigrique volumina fumi Infecere diem,

Ov. M. 13, 600:

cupio flatu violare diem,

Claud. in Ruf. 1, 63.

Dies personified.

I. q. Sol, opp. Luna, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21;

coupled with Mensis and Annus,

Ov. M. 2, 25.—

As fem., the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Heaven and Earth, Hyg. Fab. praef.; of the first Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59.

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.

The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).

For i stands ĕ

in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—

In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—

In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —

In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—

In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and

In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—

It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.

It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.

The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.

The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.

The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.

As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.

e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.

The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).

For i stands ĕ

in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—

In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—

In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —

In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—

In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and

In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—

It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.

It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.

The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.

The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.

The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.

As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.

e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

ex-indē, and apocopated exin (like dein, proin, from deinde, proinde; cf.

also: dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,

Cic. Or. 45, 154; also exim, like him, illim, istim; acc. to the best MSS. in Enn. ap. Fest. p. 356, 4; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 9; Lucr. 3, 160; Verg. A. 7, 341; 8, 306; 12, 92; Tac. A. 14, 48 al.; M. Aurel. ad Fronto, p. 54; cf. exsim, eutheôs, Gloss. Philox.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 148; Wagn. ad Verg. A. 7, 341, and tom. 5, p. 437; v. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 7, 472 sqq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 218), adv., from there, from that place, thence (freq., but not in Ter., Caes., or Quint.).

In space (very rare;

not in Cic.): utcumque in alto ventus est, Epidice, exin velum vortitur,

from there, thence, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 47; id. Poen. 3, 6, 9:

si servus cujusquam in ecclesiam altariave armatus... irruerit, exinde protinus abstrahatur,

Cod. Just. 1, 12, 4:

regionem Commagenam, exim Cappadociam, inde Armenios petivit,

Tac. A. 15, 12.—

Transf., in (local) succession, after that, next in order, next:

at vero quanta maris est pulchritudo!... exin mari finitimus aër, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: hinc Equus summum contingit caput alvo... exin contortis Aries cum cornibus haeret, id. poët. ib. 2, 43, 111:

auxiliares Galli Germanique in fronte, post quos pedites sagittarii, dein quatuor legiones... exin totidem aliae legiones,

Tac. A. 2, 16.

In time, after that, thereafter, then: exin compellare pater me voce videtur, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 45, ed. Vahl.): POPULI PARTES IN TRIBUS DISTRIBUUNTO;

EXIN PECUNIAS, AEVITATES, ORDINES PARTIUNTO,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

exin cuidam rustico Romano dormienti visus est venire qui diceret, etc.... exin filium ejus esse mortuum, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 26, 55: quisque suos patimur Manes;

exinde per amplum Mittimur Elysium,

Verg. A. 6, 743:

ad Mundam exinde castra Punica mota,

Liv. 24, 42, 1.—

After ubi or postquam (cf. deinde, II. d.):

ostium ubi conspexi, exinde me ilico protinam dedi,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 84:

postquam alium repperit... me exinde amovit loco,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 63.—

Transf.

In an enumeration or succession of events, after that, then, next, furthermore (cf. deinde, II. A. b.): pone petunt, exim referunt ad pectora tonsas, Enn. s. v. tonsam, p. 356 Müll. (Ann. v. 236, ed. Vahl.): incenditque animum famae venientis amore;

Exin bella viro memorat, quae, etc.,

Verg. A. 6, 891:

exin se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem Perfectis referunt,

id. ib. 8, 306; Liv. 31, 4, 4; 31, 6, 2; 37, 47, 8; 40, 35, 2;

42, 9, 8: Suillio corruptionem militum... exin adulterium Poppaeae, ac postremum mollitiam corporis objectante,

Tac. A. 11, 2; cf. id. ib. 15, 41.—

In late Lat., i. q. ex illo tempore, from that time, since then:

quem morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet,

Just. 1, 2:

cum post motam et omissam quaestionem res ad nova dominia bona fide transierint, et exinde novi viginti anni intercesserint, etc.,

Cod. Just. 7, 33; Dig. 10, 1, 4; 41, 6, 4; 49, 15, 12.—With ut, cum, ex quo:

exinde, ut curiam participare coepi,

App. Mag. p. 289; so,

exinde ut,

id. M. 2, p. 120:

exinde cum ex astu a magistro digressi sumus,

id. ib. 1, p. 113:

videri legatum habere jurisdictionem non exinde, ex quo mandata est, sed, etc.,

Dig. 1, 16, 4, § 6; 5, 1, 67; Cod. Just. 2, 22; 4, 32.—

In other relations, in which a going out or forth takes place.

(Acc. to ex, III. E.) To indicate the origin or occasion of an event (post-class.), thence:

nec quicquam idonei lucri exinde cepimus, sed vulnera,

App. M. 6, p. 184; Cod. Just. 1, 3, 35: quodcumque exinde incommodum ecclesiae contigerit, ib. 1, 2, 14.—

(Acc. to ex, III. H.) To indicate a rule, measure, or standard, hence, accordingly (anteclass.): proinde ut quisque fortuna utitur, ita praecellet;

atque exinde sapere eum omnes dicimus,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 14; cf.:

ut fama 'st homini, exin solet pecuniam invenire,

id. Most. 1, 3, 71; id. Truc. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 5, 9; id. Ep. 1, 1, 47:

ad molas alii asellis, alii vaccis ac mulis utuntur, exinde ut pabuli facultas est,

according as, Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 4.

lā̆brum, i, n. [root lab, as in labium; v. lambo], a lip.

Lit.:

cape cultrum ac seca digitum vel nasum vel labrum,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 39:

apes, quas dixisti in labris Platonis consedisse pueri,

Cic. Div. 2, 31, 66:

vide ut discidit labrum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

labrum superius,

the upper lip, Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

(poculis) labra admovere,

Verg. E. 3, 43:

labra movere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 60; Juv. 13, 114:

sive puer furens impressit memorem dente labris notam,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 12:

haec ego mecum Compressis agito labris,

id. S. 1, 4, 137:

labra distorquere,

Quint. 1, 11, 9:

labra male porrigere, scindere, adstringere, diducere, replicare, in latus trahere,

id. 11, 3, 81: labra labris conserere, to kiss, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 20, 9, 2:

labra labellis ferrummare,

to kiss, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 25; so,

labra ad labella adjungere,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 14:

labra valgiter commovere,

Petr. 26:

viscantur labra mariti,

Juv. 6, 466.—

Prov.:

linere alicui labra,

to deceive one, Mart. 3, 42, 2:

non in pectore, sed in labris habere bonitatem,

Lact. 3, 16, 4:

primis or primoribus labris gustare, or attingere aliquid,

to get a slight taste of, to get only a superficial knowledge of a thing, Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

quae ipsi rhetores ne primoribus quidem labris attigissent,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 87:

multos vidi qui primoribus labris gustassent genus hoc vitae,

id. Cael. 12, 28:

non a summis labris venire,

not to be lightly spoken, Sen. Ep. 10, 3: similem habent labra lactucam, a saying of M. Crassus when he saw an ass eating thistles, and which may be rendered, like lips, like lettuce; meaning, like has met its like, Hier. Ep. 7, 5.—

Transf.

An edge, margin, brim (of a vessel, a ditch, etc.):

ut ejus fossae solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distarent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

extra duplex vallum fossae circumdedit, interiore labro murum objecit,

Liv. 37, 37, 11:

labra doliorum,

Cato, R. R. 107, 1:

fontis,

Plin. 31, 2, 19, § 28:

lilium resupinis per ambitum labris,

id. 21, 5, 11, § 23; 17, 22, 35, § 168.—

Poet., a trench, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 5, 9.—

Labrum Venerium, a plant growing by rivers, Plin. 25, 13, 108, § 171;

called also labrum Veneris,

Ser. Samm. 1038.

lābrum, i, n. [for lavabrum, q. v.], a basin, a tub for bathing; a vat for treading out grapes:

labrum si in balineo non est,

Cic. Fam. 14, 20:

marmoreo labro aqua exundat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20:

splendentia,

Verg. A. 12, 417:

aëna,

id. ib. 8, 22:

marmorea duo labra ante fornicem posuit,

Liv. 37, 3, 7:

unda labris nitentibus instat,

Stat. S. 1, 5, 49:

eluacrum,

Cato, R. R. 11:

lupinarium,

id. ib.:

olearium,

id. ib. 13; Col. 12, 50, 10 sq.; cf.: spumat plenis vindemia labris, in the full vats or vessels, Verg. G. 2, 6;

of a tub or basin for bathing,

Vitr. 5, 10, 4;

of a fountain,

Dig. 19, 1, 15.—

Poet. transf., a bath:

nec Dryades, nec nos videamus labra Dianae,

Ov. F. 4, 761; cf. id. Ib. 481; id. H. 21, 178.

mūtŭus, a, um, adj. [1. muto], borrowed, lent (class.).

Lit.:

nullus est tibi, quem roges mutuom Argentum,

to lend you money, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 60; id. Pers. 1, 1, 44:

mutuum talentum dare,

to lend, advance, id. Trin. 4, 3, 48:

mutuum argentum quaerere,

to seek to borrow money, id. Pers. 1, 1, 5:

huic drachmarum argenti haec mille dederat mutuom,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

nam si mutuas (sc. minas) non potero, certumst sumam faenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: mutuas pecunias sumere ab aliquo, to borrow or raise money of any one, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

mutuum frumentum dare,

to lend, id. Agr. 2, 30, 83:

si quoi mutuom quid dederis, fit pro proprio perditum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 44.—

Subst.: mūtŭum, i, n., a loan:

mutui datio,

a lending, Gai. Inst. 3, 90; Dig. 12, 1, 2.—In dat.: mutuo, by or upon a loan:

aut sumtum aliunde, ut mutuo, aut factum ab ipso,

Cic. Or. 24, 86:

petere mutuo naves, pecuniam,

Just. 17, 2, 13:

mutuo sumamus pecunias in tributa regis,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 5, 4; cf. adv. mutuo, infra; and Krebs, Antibarb. p. 731.—

Trop.:

si pudoris egeas, sumas mutuum,

borrow shame, if you have none, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 187: ego cum illā facere nolo mutuum: Pa. Quid ita? Ph. Quia proprium facio;

amo pariter semul,

i. e. I do not want to borrow her love, but to possess it as my own, id. Curc. 1, 1, 47.—

Transf., in return, in exchange, reciprocal, mutual:

olores mutuā carne vescuntur inter se,

eat one another, Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63:

funera,

Verg. A. 10, 755:

vulnera,

wounds inflicted by each on the other, Just. 13, 8:

officia,

Cic. Fam. 13, 65, 1:

aemulatio virtutis,

Just. 22, 4:

nox omnia erroris mutui implevit,

on both sides, Liv. 4, 41:

odia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

accusatio,

id. ib. 6, 4:

mutuum facere,

to do the same, return like for like, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37: ut amore perdita est haec misera! Pyr. Mutuum fit (sc. a me), I do the same, return like for like, id. Mil. 4, 6, 38: per mutua, mutually, on or from one another:

pedibus per mutua nexis,

Verg. A. 7, 66. So, mutua:

inter se mortales mutua vivunt,

Lucr. 2, 76:

e laevo sit mutua dexter,

again, on the other hand, id. 4, 325 (302):

mutuus ut nos Affectus petere auxilium juberet,

Juv. 15, 149: —Hence, adv., in three forms.

mū-tŭō, in return, by turns, reciprocally, mutually (class.; cf.: invicem, vicissim): studia officii mutuo inter nos certatim constiterunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3: me mutuo diligas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 4:

exercere officia cum multis,

Suet. Aug. 53: cum de se mutuo sentire provinciam crederet, that it was disposed towards him as he was towards it, Auct. B. Alex. 48.—

mūtŭē, mutually, in return (class.):

respondere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2 (al. mutuo):

respondisse,

id. ib. 5, 2, 4 (al. mutuo).—

mūtŭĭter, mutually, in return (anteclass.): vive, meque ama mutuiter, Varr. ap. Non. 513, 16.

mūtŭus, a, um, adj. [1. muto], borrowed, lent (class.).

Lit.:

nullus est tibi, quem roges mutuom Argentum,

to lend you money, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 60; id. Pers. 1, 1, 44:

mutuum talentum dare,

to lend, advance, id. Trin. 4, 3, 48:

mutuum argentum quaerere,

to seek to borrow money, id. Pers. 1, 1, 5:

huic drachmarum argenti haec mille dederat mutuom,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

nam si mutuas (sc. minas) non potero, certumst sumam faenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: mutuas pecunias sumere ab aliquo, to borrow or raise money of any one, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

mutuum frumentum dare,

to lend, id. Agr. 2, 30, 83:

si quoi mutuom quid dederis, fit pro proprio perditum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 44.—

Subst.: mūtŭum, i, n., a loan:

mutui datio,

a lending, Gai. Inst. 3, 90; Dig. 12, 1, 2.—In dat.: mutuo, by or upon a loan:

aut sumtum aliunde, ut mutuo, aut factum ab ipso,

Cic. Or. 24, 86:

petere mutuo naves, pecuniam,

Just. 17, 2, 13:

mutuo sumamus pecunias in tributa regis,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 5, 4; cf. adv. mutuo, infra; and Krebs, Antibarb. p. 731.—

Trop.:

si pudoris egeas, sumas mutuum,

borrow shame, if you have none, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 187: ego cum illā facere nolo mutuum: Pa. Quid ita? Ph. Quia proprium facio;

amo pariter semul,

i. e. I do not want to borrow her love, but to possess it as my own, id. Curc. 1, 1, 47.—

Transf., in return, in exchange, reciprocal, mutual:

olores mutuā carne vescuntur inter se,

eat one another, Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63:

funera,

Verg. A. 10, 755:

vulnera,

wounds inflicted by each on the other, Just. 13, 8:

officia,

Cic. Fam. 13, 65, 1:

aemulatio virtutis,

Just. 22, 4:

nox omnia erroris mutui implevit,

on both sides, Liv. 4, 41:

odia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

accusatio,

id. ib. 6, 4:

mutuum facere,

to do the same, return like for like, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37: ut amore perdita est haec misera! Pyr. Mutuum fit (sc. a me), I do the same, return like for like, id. Mil. 4, 6, 38: per mutua, mutually, on or from one another:

pedibus per mutua nexis,

Verg. A. 7, 66. So, mutua:

inter se mortales mutua vivunt,

Lucr. 2, 76:

e laevo sit mutua dexter,

again, on the other hand, id. 4, 325 (302):

mutuus ut nos Affectus petere auxilium juberet,

Juv. 15, 149: —Hence, adv., in three forms.

mū-tŭō, in return, by turns, reciprocally, mutually (class.; cf.: invicem, vicissim): studia officii mutuo inter nos certatim constiterunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3: me mutuo diligas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 4:

exercere officia cum multis,

Suet. Aug. 53: cum de se mutuo sentire provinciam crederet, that it was disposed towards him as he was towards it, Auct. B. Alex. 48.—

mūtŭē, mutually, in return (class.):

respondere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2 (al. mutuo):

respondisse,

id. ib. 5, 2, 4 (al. mutuo).—

mūtŭĭter, mutually, in return (anteclass.): vive, meque ama mutuiter, Varr. ap. Non. 513, 16.

prae-pĭlātus, a, um, Part. [2. pila], furnished in front, i. e. tipped with a ball or button (not before the Aug. per.).

Lit.: pila praepilata, Auct. B. Afr. 72: missilia, darts or javelins with a blunt point rounded like a ball, that they might not inflict wounds, something like our foils, Liv. 26, 51, § 17:

hasta,

Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

cornua,

id. 9, 30, 50, § 95.—

Trop.:

declamationes, quibus ad pugnam forensem, velut praepilatis, exerceri solebamus,

Quint. 5, 12, 17.

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. hama, omoios; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

With gen. (mostly ante - Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12);

of persons: similes avorum,

Lucr. 4, 1218:

nimis simili'st mei,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226:

ecquid mei similist (puer)?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.:

omnis inveniri similis tui vis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix:

ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 39:

alia ejus similis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 38:

similis est Sagaristionis,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 14:

hominis similis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2:

symbolum ejus similem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55:

sui similem speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

sui similis res,

Lucr. 5, 830:

volo me patris mei similem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:

non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus;

cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18:

est similis majorum suorum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 57:

haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil'est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26:

virum non similem furis hujus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91:

domini similis es,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43:

in magistratu privatorum similes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

multi Gnathonum similes cum sint,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges,

Liv. 1, 20:

ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.:

deos esse tui similes putas?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so,

tui,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39:

nostri similes,

id. 26, 50:

sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

alterum similem sui quaerere,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura,

id. ib. 14, 50:

quam uterque est similis sui!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16:

tui similem esse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6:

sui similis gens,

Tac. G. 4.—Of things:

tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85:

haec atque hujus similia alia damna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 105:

perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

si fabularum similia didicimus,

id. ib.:

paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum,

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

similes meorum versus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 3:

nonne hoc monstri simile'st?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so,

monstri,

id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61:

prodigii,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

narrationem veri similem,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.

Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

quae similia veri sint,

Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.—In comparing persons with things:

hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere... Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.:

amator simil'est oppidi hostilis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

meretricem esse similem sentis condecet,

id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili'es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28:

equi te Esse feri similem dico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.— Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac [p. 1701] test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.:

Rhodii Atticorum similiores,

Cic. Brut. 13, 52.— Sup.:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu'st,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72:

meretrix fortunati oppidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 82:

tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

simillima societas hereditatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

quid esset simillimum veri,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.—

With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.):

patri suo,

Cat. 61, 221; cf.:

similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51:

similis malo est,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.:

filius patri similis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.:

sit suo similis patri,

Cat. 61, 217:

patri,

Ov. M. 6, 622:

parentibus ac majoribus suis,

Quint. 5, 10, 24:

par similisque ceteris,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

huic in hoc similis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

similes Icilio,

Liv. 3, 65:

hinnuleo,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 1:

puro te similem vespero petit Rhode,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

multum similis metuenti,

id. S. 2, 5, 92:

fluctuanti,

Liv. 6, 13 Drak.:

flenti,

Ov. M. 3, 652:

cognoscenti,

id. ib. 2, 501:

roganti,

id. ib. 3, 240:

cogitantibus et dubitantibus,

Quint. 11, 2, 47:

ediscenti,

id. 11, 2, 46:

legenti,

id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.—Of things:

res similis nostris rebus,

Lucr. 5, 435:

quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni?

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

quid illi simile bello fuit?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant,

Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

argumentum vero simile comoediae,

Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

similia veris erant,

Liv. 10, 20, 5:

partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris,

id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5:

cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 10:

primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 254:

versus sibi,

Quint. 9, 4, 60:

oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior,

Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.—Comp.:

flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora,

Liv. 4, 31 fin.:

similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse,

id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.— Sup.:

puro simillimus amni,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

media simillima veris sunt,

Liv. 26, 49:

simillimum id vero fecit,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

With gen. and dat. together:

tum similes matrum materno semine fiunt, Ut patribus patrio,

Lucr. 4, 1211:

neque lac lacti magis est simile quam ille ego similis est mei,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 54 Ussing ad loc.:

deos hominum quam homines deorum, hoc illi, illud huic,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

itaque plectri similem linguam nostri solent dicere, chordarum dentis, naris cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 59, 149; cf. under e.—

In a doubtful construction. On account of the form:

fugae similis profectio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 47; 6, 7; 7, 43 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13 et saep.—Because of an unsettled reading:

similem Caesaris (or Caesari),

Suet. Caes. 52.—

With in and acc.:

in speciem Junonis,

App. M. 10, p. 253 fin. —

With inter:

homines inter se cum formā tum moribus similes,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46; so,

homines inter se (opp. differentes),

Quint. 12, 10, 22:

(catulos) Inter se similes,

Ov. M. 13, 835:

quae sunt inter se similia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51.—In a twofold construction:

nihil est unum uni tam simile, tam par, quam omnes inter nosmetipsos sumus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

sunt inter se similia, sed non etiam prioribus,

Quint. 9, 3, 49.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si, tamquam si:

si quid docere vis, aliquid ab isto simile in aestimatione atque a ceteris esse factum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 193:

ut simili ratione atque ipse fecerit suas injurias persequantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38 fin.:

nec similem habeat vultum, et si ampullam perdidisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31;

v. Madv. ad h. l.: similes sunt, ut si qui dicant, etc.,

id. Sen. 6, 17:

similes sunt di, tamquam si Poeni, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 64, 131.—

Absol.:

decet facta moresque hujus habere me similes,

Plaut. Am 1, 1, 114:

ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aeque sumi, quam haec est atque ista,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 68 Brix ad loc.:

ita formā simili pueri (gemini), ut, etc.,

id. Men. prol. 19:

meus est (puer), nimium quidem simili'st,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 26:

laudantur simili prole puerperae,

i. e. that look like their fathers, Hor. C. 4, 5, 23:

ecce similia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34:

par est avaritia, similis improbitas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118;

but cf., in a more restricted sense: similia omnia magis quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

ad quam (amicitiam) se similis animus applicet,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48:

sicut erat in simili causā antea factum,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

quod in simili culpā versabantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

simili ratione,

id. B. G. 7, 4; id. B. C. 3, 76 al.:

similem esse te volo quomodo filium, non quomodo imaginem,

Sen. Ep. 84, 8:

ecce aliud simile, dissimile,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

si quis Aristotelem similem emit,

a likeness of Aristotle, Juv. 2, 6; cf.:

tabella, in quā tam similem videbis Issam, ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa,

Mart. 1, 109, 19 sq.; 7, 87, 4:

te similem,

your likeness, Stat. S. 3, 3, 201; 5, 1, 1.— Poet., adverb. (=similiter):

similis medios Juturna per hostīs Fertur,

Verg. A. 12, 477.— Comp.:

similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem non reor deos facere posse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 48:

nihil hoc simile est similius,

id. Am. 1, 1, 290. — Sup.:

simillimos dicito esse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91.—Hence, subst.: sĭmĭle, is, n.

A comparison, likeness, parallel case, or example:

quo facilius res perspici possit hoc simile ponitur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

utuntur simili,

id. ib. 3, 14, 46:

nec improbum sit pro simili accipi, quod plus sit,

Quint. 7, 1, 61:

qui memoriam ab aliquo simili transferunt ad id, quod, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 30 et saep.:

ignavi et erepti et similia,

id. 1, 5, 69; 1, 6, 2; 2, 4, 26; 3, 5, 16 et saep.; cf.:

latitatio, metus, similia,

id. 7, 2, 46:

de philosophiā, de republicā, similibus,

id. 9, 4, 19; 11, 3, 153.—

Resemblance, simile et majus est et par et minus, Quint. 7, 8, 7.— Adv. in two forms, simulter (ante-class.) and similiter (class.).

sĭmulter, in like manner, similarly:

exossabo ego illum simulter itidem ut muraenam coquos,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 148 (cited ap. Non. 170, 25: simulter pro similiter); v. Ritschl ad Plaut. 1. 1.—

sĭmĭlĭter, in like manner, similarly (syn. pariter).

Absol. (so most freq.):

ecquid adsimulo similiter?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 37:

similiter atque uno modo,

Cic. Brut. 66, 233:

illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Tusc. 4, 11, 25:

si non similiter semper ingrediamur in argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 41, 76:

addunt etiam C. Marium... Similiter vos, cum, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

quorum non similiter fides est nec justitia laudata,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61 et saep.— Comp.: scurram multo similius imitatum, more perfectly or naturally, Phaedr. 5, 5, 34.— Sup.:

ut, etc.... simillime, etc.,

just so, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si:

neque vero illum similiter, atque ipse eram, commotum esse vidi,

Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9; id. Ac. 2, 23, 72; Quint. 3, 7, 26:

similiter facis, ac si me roges, cur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 25, 87:

similiter facit ut si posse putet,

id. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

similiter et si dicat, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; v. Madv. ad h. l.— Sup.:

hic excipit Pompeium, simillime atque ut illā lege Glaucippus excipitur,

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13.—

With dat.:

similiter his, etc.,

Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.

sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. hama, omoios; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

With gen. (mostly ante - Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12);

of persons: similes avorum,

Lucr. 4, 1218:

nimis simili'st mei,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226:

ecquid mei similist (puer)?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.:

omnis inveniri similis tui vis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix:

ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 39:

alia ejus similis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 38:

similis est Sagaristionis,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 14:

hominis similis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2:

symbolum ejus similem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55:

sui similem speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

sui similis res,

Lucr. 5, 830:

volo me patris mei similem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:

non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus;

cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18:

est similis majorum suorum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 57:

haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil'est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26:

virum non similem furis hujus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91:

domini similis es,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43:

in magistratu privatorum similes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

multi Gnathonum similes cum sint,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges,

Liv. 1, 20:

ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.:

deos esse tui similes putas?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so,

tui,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39:

nostri similes,

id. 26, 50:

sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

alterum similem sui quaerere,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura,

id. ib. 14, 50:

quam uterque est similis sui!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16:

tui similem esse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6:

sui similis gens,

Tac. G. 4.—Of things:

tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85:

haec atque hujus similia alia damna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 105:

perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

si fabularum similia didicimus,

id. ib.:

paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum,

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

similes meorum versus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 3:

nonne hoc monstri simile'st?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so,

monstri,

id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61:

prodigii,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

narrationem veri similem,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.

Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

quae similia veri sint,

Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.—In comparing persons with things:

hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere... Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.:

amator simil'est oppidi hostilis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

meretricem esse similem sentis condecet,

id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili'es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28:

equi te Esse feri similem dico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.— Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac [p. 1701] test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.:

Rhodii Atticorum similiores,

Cic. Brut. 13, 52.— Sup.:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu'st,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72:

meretrix fortunati oppidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 82:

tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

simillima societas hereditatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

quid esset simillimum veri,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.—

With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.):

patri suo,

Cat. 61, 221; cf.:

similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51:

similis malo est,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.:

filius patri similis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.:

sit suo similis patri,

Cat. 61, 217:

patri,

Ov. M. 6, 622:

parentibus ac majoribus suis,

Quint. 5, 10, 24:

par similisque ceteris,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

huic in hoc similis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

similes Icilio,

Liv. 3, 65:

hinnuleo,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 1:

puro te similem vespero petit Rhode,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

multum similis metuenti,

id. S. 2, 5, 92:

fluctuanti,

Liv. 6, 13 Drak.:

flenti,

Ov. M. 3, 652:

cognoscenti,

id. ib. 2, 501:

roganti,

id. ib. 3, 240:

cogitantibus et dubitantibus,

Quint. 11, 2, 47:

ediscenti,

id. 11, 2, 46:

legenti,

id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.—Of things:

res similis nostris rebus,

Lucr. 5, 435:

quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni?

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

quid illi simile bello fuit?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant,

Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

argumentum vero simile comoediae,

Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

similia veris erant,

Liv. 10, 20, 5:

partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris,

id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5:

cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 10:

primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 254:

versus sibi,

Quint. 9, 4, 60:

oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior,

Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.—Comp.:

flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora,

Liv. 4, 31 fin.:

similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse,

id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.— Sup.:

puro simillimus amni,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

media simillima veris sunt,

Liv. 26, 49:

simillimum id vero fecit,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

With gen. and dat. together:

tum similes matrum materno semine fiunt, Ut patribus patrio,

Lucr. 4, 1211:

neque lac lacti magis est simile quam ille ego similis est mei,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 54 Ussing ad loc.:

deos hominum quam homines deorum, hoc illi, illud huic,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

itaque plectri similem linguam nostri solent dicere, chordarum dentis, naris cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 59, 149; cf. under e.—

In a doubtful construction. On account of the form:

fugae similis profectio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 47; 6, 7; 7, 43 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13 et saep.—Because of an unsettled reading:

similem Caesaris (or Caesari),

Suet. Caes. 52.—

With in and acc.:

in speciem Junonis,

App. M. 10, p. 253 fin. —

With inter:

homines inter se cum formā tum moribus similes,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46; so,

homines inter se (opp. differentes),

Quint. 12, 10, 22:

(catulos) Inter se similes,

Ov. M. 13, 835:

quae sunt inter se similia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51.—In a twofold construction:

nihil est unum uni tam simile, tam par, quam omnes inter nosmetipsos sumus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

sunt inter se similia, sed non etiam prioribus,

Quint. 9, 3, 49.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si, tamquam si:

si quid docere vis, aliquid ab isto simile in aestimatione atque a ceteris esse factum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 193:

ut simili ratione atque ipse fecerit suas injurias persequantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38 fin.:

nec similem habeat vultum, et si ampullam perdidisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31;

v. Madv. ad h. l.: similes sunt, ut si qui dicant, etc.,

id. Sen. 6, 17:

similes sunt di, tamquam si Poeni, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 64, 131.—

Absol.:

decet facta moresque hujus habere me similes,

Plaut. Am 1, 1, 114:

ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aeque sumi, quam haec est atque ista,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 68 Brix ad loc.:

ita formā simili pueri (gemini), ut, etc.,

id. Men. prol. 19:

meus est (puer), nimium quidem simili'st,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 26:

laudantur simili prole puerperae,

i. e. that look like their fathers, Hor. C. 4, 5, 23:

ecce similia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34:

par est avaritia, similis improbitas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118;

but cf., in a more restricted sense: similia omnia magis quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

ad quam (amicitiam) se similis animus applicet,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48:

sicut erat in simili causā antea factum,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

quod in simili culpā versabantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

simili ratione,

id. B. G. 7, 4; id. B. C. 3, 76 al.:

similem esse te volo quomodo filium, non quomodo imaginem,

Sen. Ep. 84, 8:

ecce aliud simile, dissimile,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

si quis Aristotelem similem emit,

a likeness of Aristotle, Juv. 2, 6; cf.:

tabella, in quā tam similem videbis Issam, ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa,

Mart. 1, 109, 19 sq.; 7, 87, 4:

te similem,

your likeness, Stat. S. 3, 3, 201; 5, 1, 1.— Poet., adverb. (=similiter):

similis medios Juturna per hostīs Fertur,

Verg. A. 12, 477.— Comp.:

similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem non reor deos facere posse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 48:

nihil hoc simile est similius,

id. Am. 1, 1, 290. — Sup.:

simillimos dicito esse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91.—Hence, subst.: sĭmĭle, is, n.

A comparison, likeness, parallel case, or example:

quo facilius res perspici possit hoc simile ponitur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

utuntur simili,

id. ib. 3, 14, 46:

nec improbum sit pro simili accipi, quod plus sit,

Quint. 7, 1, 61:

qui memoriam ab aliquo simili transferunt ad id, quod, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 30 et saep.:

ignavi et erepti et similia,

id. 1, 5, 69; 1, 6, 2; 2, 4, 26; 3, 5, 16 et saep.; cf.:

latitatio, metus, similia,

id. 7, 2, 46:

de philosophiā, de republicā, similibus,

id. 9, 4, 19; 11, 3, 153.—

Resemblance, simile et majus est et par et minus, Quint. 7, 8, 7.— Adv. in two forms, simulter (ante-class.) and similiter (class.).

sĭmulter, in like manner, similarly:

exossabo ego illum simulter itidem ut muraenam coquos,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 148 (cited ap. Non. 170, 25: simulter pro similiter); v. Ritschl ad Plaut. 1. 1.—

sĭmĭlĭter, in like manner, similarly (syn. pariter).

Absol. (so most freq.):

ecquid adsimulo similiter?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 37:

similiter atque uno modo,

Cic. Brut. 66, 233:

illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Tusc. 4, 11, 25:

si non similiter semper ingrediamur in argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 41, 76:

addunt etiam C. Marium... Similiter vos, cum, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

quorum non similiter fides est nec justitia laudata,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61 et saep.— Comp.: scurram multo similius imitatum, more perfectly or naturally, Phaedr. 5, 5, 34.— Sup.:

ut, etc.... simillime, etc.,

just so, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si:

neque vero illum similiter, atque ipse eram, commotum esse vidi,

Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9; id. Ac. 2, 23, 72; Quint. 3, 7, 26:

similiter facis, ac si me roges, cur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 25, 87:

similiter facit ut si posse putet,

id. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

similiter et si dicat, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; v. Madv. ad h. l.— Sup.:

hic excipit Pompeium, simillime atque ut illā lege Glaucippus excipitur,

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13.—

With dat.:

similiter his, etc.,

Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

sŏlĕa, ae, f. [solum].

A slipper consisting of a sole fastened on by a strap across the instep, a sandal:

omnia ferme id genus, quibus plantarum calces tantum infimae teguntur, cetera prope nuda et teretibus habenis vincta sunt, soleas dixerunt, nonnumquam voce Graecā crepidulas,

Gell. 13, 21, 5 (worn by men in the house only: considered as a mark of effeminacy if worn out of doors): NEIVE QVIS IN POPLICO LVCI PRAETEXTAM NEIVE SOLEAS HABETO, Lex in Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 569; cf. Hor. S. 1, 3, 128; and v. soleatus: ut vendat soleam dimidiatam, Lucil. ap. Gell. 3, 14, 10; cf. Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 63; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26; Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 40; Ov. A. A. 2, 212; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 31; Pers. 5, 169; Juv. 6, 612; Mart. 14, 65, 1.—These sandals were taken off on reclining at table, and resumed after the meal:

deme soleas: cedo, bibam,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 16:

cedo soleas mihi: auferte mensam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

deponere soleas,

Mart. 3, 50, 3:

poscere soleas,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 77; Sen. Contr. 4, 25 med.:

soleas festinare,

to put on in haste, Sall. H. 1, 105 Dietsch; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 130 sq.—

Transf., of things of a like shape.

A kind of fetter:

ligneae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 149; Auct. Her. 1, 13, 23.—

A kind of shoe for animals (not nailed on, like our horseshoes, which were unknown to the ancients, but drawn on and taken off again when not needed), Cat. 17, 26; Col. 6, 12, 2; Veg. 4, 9, 2 and 4; Suet. Ner. 30 fin.; Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140.—

A kind of oil-press, Col. 12, 50, 6.—

A kind of fish, a sole: Pleuronectes solea, Linn.; Ov. Hal. 124; Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 9, 15, 20, § 52; 32, 9, 32, § 102.—In a lusus verbb. with signif. I., Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 59.—

A sill: solea, ut ait Verrius, est non solum ea, quae solo pedis subicitur sed etiam pro materiā robusteā, super quam paries craticius exstruitur, Fest. pp. 300 and 301 Müll.—

The sole of the foot of animals, Veg. 1, 56, 31.

T, t. indecl. n. or (to agree with littera) f., the nineteenth letter of the Lat. alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), = Gr. T (tau). It is very freq. as a final letter, esp. in verbal endings of the third person.

As an initial, it is, in pure Lat. words, followed by no consonant except r: traho, tremo, tribuo, etc.; the combinations tl and tm are found only in words borrowed from the Greek: Tlepolemus, tmesis, Tmolus. Hence an initial t occurring in the ancient language before l (like an initial d before v, v. letter D) is rejected in classical Lat.: lātus (Part. of fero) for tlatus, from root tol- of tollo, tuli; cf. with TLAÔ, tlêtos; even when softened by a sibilant, the combination of t and l in stlata (genus navigii), stlembus (gravis, tardus), stlis, stlocus, was avoided, and, except in the formal lang. of law, which retained stlitibus judicandis, the forms lis, locus remained the only ones in use, though the transitional form slis occurs twice in very old inscriptions. Before a vowel or r, the original Indo-European t always retained its place and character. Between two vowels t and tt were freq. confounded, and in some words the double letter became established, although the original form had but one t; thus, quattuor, cottidie, littera, stand in the best MSS. and inscriptions; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 174 sqq.—

The sibilant pronunciation of a medial t before i and a following vowel, is a peculiarity of a late period. Isidorus (at the commencement of the seventh century after Christ) is the first who expresses himself definitely on this point: cum justitia sonum z litterae exprimat, tamen quia Latinum est, per t scribendum est, sicut militia, malitia, nequitia et cetera similia (Orig. 1, 26, 28); but the commutation of ci and ti, which occurs not unfrequently in older inscriptions, shows the origin of this change in pronunciation to have been earlier. In the golden age of the language, however, it was certainly [p. 1831] unknown.—

The aspiration of t did not come into general use till the golden age; hence, CARTACINIENSIS, on the Columna Rostrata; whereas in Cicero we have Carthago, like Cethegus, etc.; v. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and cf. letter C.—

T is interchanged with d, c, and s; v. these letters.—

T is assimilated to s in passus from patior, quassus from quatio, fassus from fateor, missus from mitto, equestris from eques (equit-), etc. It is wholly suppressed before s in usus, from utor; in many nominatives of the third declension ending in s: civitas (root civitat, gen. civitatis), quies (quiet, quietis), lis (lit, litis), dos (dot, dotis), salus (salut, salutis), amans (amant, amantis), mens (ment, mentis), etc.; and likewise in flexi, flexus, from flecto, and before other letters, in remus, cf. ratis; Gr. eretmos; in penna; root pat-, to fly; Gr. petomai, etc. In late Lat. the vulgar language often dropped t before r and before vowels; hence such forms as mari, quaraginta, donaus, are found for matri, quatriginta (quad-), donatus, in inscriptions; cf. the French mère, quarante, donné.—

As an abbreviation, T. stands for Titus; Ti. Tiberius; TR. Tribunus; T. F. Testamenti formula; T. F. C. Titulum faciendum curavit; T. P. Tribunicia potestas, etc.

T, t. indecl. n. or (to agree with littera) f., the nineteenth letter of the Lat. alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), = Gr. T (tau). It is very freq. as a final letter, esp. in verbal endings of the third person.

As an initial, it is, in pure Lat. words, followed by no consonant except r: traho, tremo, tribuo, etc.; the combinations tl and tm are found only in words borrowed from the Greek: Tlepolemus, tmesis, Tmolus. Hence an initial t occurring in the ancient language before l (like an initial d before v, v. letter D) is rejected in classical Lat.: lātus (Part. of fero) for tlatus, from root tol- of tollo, tuli; cf. with TLAÔ, tlêtos; even when softened by a sibilant, the combination of t and l in stlata (genus navigii), stlembus (gravis, tardus), stlis, stlocus, was avoided, and, except in the formal lang. of law, which retained stlitibus judicandis, the forms lis, locus remained the only ones in use, though the transitional form slis occurs twice in very old inscriptions. Before a vowel or r, the original Indo-European t always retained its place and character. Between two vowels t and tt were freq. confounded, and in some words the double letter became established, although the original form had but one t; thus, quattuor, cottidie, littera, stand in the best MSS. and inscriptions; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 174 sqq.—

The sibilant pronunciation of a medial t before i and a following vowel, is a peculiarity of a late period. Isidorus (at the commencement of the seventh century after Christ) is the first who expresses himself definitely on this point: cum justitia sonum z litterae exprimat, tamen quia Latinum est, per t scribendum est, sicut militia, malitia, nequitia et cetera similia (Orig. 1, 26, 28); but the commutation of ci and ti, which occurs not unfrequently in older inscriptions, shows the origin of this change in pronunciation to have been earlier. In the golden age of the language, however, it was certainly [p. 1831] unknown.—

The aspiration of t did not come into general use till the golden age; hence, CARTACINIENSIS, on the Columna Rostrata; whereas in Cicero we have Carthago, like Cethegus, etc.; v. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and cf. letter C.—

T is interchanged with d, c, and s; v. these letters.—

T is assimilated to s in passus from patior, quassus from quatio, fassus from fateor, missus from mitto, equestris from eques (equit-), etc. It is wholly suppressed before s in usus, from utor; in many nominatives of the third declension ending in s: civitas (root civitat, gen. civitatis), quies (quiet, quietis), lis (lit, litis), dos (dot, dotis), salus (salut, salutis), amans (amant, amantis), mens (ment, mentis), etc.; and likewise in flexi, flexus, from flecto, and before other letters, in remus, cf. ratis; Gr. eretmos; in penna; root pat-, to fly; Gr. petomai, etc. In late Lat. the vulgar language often dropped t before r and before vowels; hence such forms as mari, quaraginta, donaus, are found for matri, quatriginta (quad-), donatus, in inscriptions; cf. the French mère, quarante, donné.—

As an abbreviation, T. stands for Titus; Ti. Tiberius; TR. Tribunus; T. F. Testamenti formula; T. F. C. Titulum faciendum curavit; T. P. Tribunicia potestas, etc.

ăb-horrĕo, ui, ēre, 2, v. n. and a., to shrink back from a thing, to shudder at, abhor.

Lit. (syn. aversor; rare but class.); constr. with ab or absol., sometimes with the acc. (not so in Cicero; cf.

Haase ad Reisig Vorles. p. 696): retro volgus abhorret ab hac,

shrinks back from, Lucr. 1, 945; 4, 20:

omnes aspernabantur, omnes abhorrebant, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 14, 41:

quid tam abhorret hilaritudo?

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 56:

pumilos atque distortos,

Suet. Aug. 83; so id. Galb. 4; Vit. 10.

Transf., in gen.

To be averse or disinclined to a thing, not to wish it, usu. with ab:

a nuptiis,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 92:

ab re uxoriā,

id. And. 5, 1, 10;

and so often in Cic.: Caesaris a causā,

Cic. Sest. 33:

a caede,

id. ib. 63:

ab horum turpitudine, audaciā, sordibus,

id. ib. 52, 112:

a scribendo abhorret animus,

id. Att. 2, 6:

animo abhorruisse ab optimo statu civitatis,

id. Phil. 7, 2:

a ceterorum consilio,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5 al.

In a yet more general sense, to be remote from an object, i. e. to vary or differ from, to be inconsistent or not to agree with (freq. and class.):

temeritas tanta, ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

a vulgari genere orationis atque a consuetudine communis sensus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

oratio abhorrens a personā hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15:

ab opinione tuā,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 20: Punicum abhorrens os ab Latinorum nominum prolatione, Liv. 22, 13; so id. 29, 6; 30, 44:

a fide,

to be incredible, id. 9, 36:

a tuo scelere,

is not connected with, Cic. Cat. 1, 7 al. —Hence, like dispar, with dat.:

tam pacatae profectioni abhorrens mos,

not accordant with, Liv. 2, 14.—

To be free from:

Caelius longe ab istā suspicione abhorrere debet,

Cic. Cael. 4.—

To alter:

tantum abhorret ac mutat,

alters and changes, Cat. 22, 11.—

To be unfit:

sin plane abhorrebit et erit absurdus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85; cf.:

absurdae atque abhorrentes lacrimae,

Liv. 30, 44, 6; and:

carmen abhorrens et inconditum,

id. 27, 37, 13.