mischievous

* * *

* * *

* * *

culpa, ae, f. [kindr. in root with scelus; cf. Sanscr. skhal-, errare], crime, fault, blame, failure, defect (as a state worthy of punishment; on the contr. delictum, peccatum, etc., as punishable acts; diff. from scelus, which implies an intentional injury of others; but culpa includes in it an error in judgment).

Prop.

In gen. (very freq. in every period and species of composition):

delictum suum Suamque ut culpam expetere in mortalem sinat,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 33; cf.:

non C. Rabirium culpa delicti, non invidia vitae... in discrimen capitis vocaverunt,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 2:

in hoc uno genere omnis inesse culpas istius maximas avaritiae, majestatis, dementiae, libidinis, crudelitatis,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 17, § 42:

et culpam in facto, non scelus esse meo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 24 et saep.:

quicquid hujus factum'st culpa, non factum'st mea,

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 10:

is quidem In culpā non est,

to blame, in fault, id. Hec. 4, 4, 78; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 19:

praesidio ad eorum, qui in culpā essent, timorem uti,

Cic. Fam. 15, 2, 7:

malo Tironis verecundiam in culpā esse, quam inliberalitatem Curii,

id. Att. 8, 6, 3; id. Planc. 4, 10; cf.:

ut jam sit in iis culpa, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 13:

tua culpa nonnulla est,

you are somewhat to blame, not without fault, id. ib. 3, 8, 6:

sed haec mea culpa est,

id. Brut. 35, 133:

ne penes ipsos culpa esset cladis,

Liv. 5, 36, 10:

penes Aetolos culpam belli esse,

id. 35, 33, 3; Sen. Ben. 7, 18, 2; Plin. Ep. 10, 30 (39), 2:

culpa, quae te est penes, Ter. hec. 4, 1, 20: culpa abest ab aliquo,

Quint. 11, 1, 64:

aliquem extra culpam belli esse judicare,

Liv. 8, 19, 10:

in mutum confers culpam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 55:

conferre in aliquem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96; Caes. B. G. 4, 27; Cic. Sen. 5, 14 al.; cf.:

culpam transferre in aliquem,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; Cic. Att. 15, 28; id. Font. 8, 18:

suam quisque culpam auctores ad negotia transferunt,

Sall. J. 1, 4:

contrahere culpam,

Cic. Att. 11, 24, 1:

culpam non modo derivare in aliquem, sed communicare cum altero,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49:

in culpā ponere aliquem,

id. Clu. 45, 127:

indecorant bene nata (pectora) culpae,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 36; 4, 15, 11:

seraque fata, Quae manent culpas etiam sub Orco,

id. ib. 3, 11, 29; App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 28, 5; Arn. 1, p. 27.—

In partic.

The crime of unchastity, a faux pas (cf. crimen, II. A. 2.), Ov. M. 2, 37 et saep.; Verg. A. 4, 19; 4, 172; Hor. C. 3, 27, 38; 3, 6, 17; Tac. A. 3, 24 et saep.—

Mostly in jurid. Lat., the fault of remissness, neglect, Dig. 17, 2, 72; 18, 1, 68; 42, 5, 8, § 3:

nec sum facturus (rem) vitio culpāve minorem,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 6.—

Meton., any thing mischievous or injurious, mischief:

continuo culpam (sc. ovem aegram) ferro compesce,

Verg. G. 3, 468:

sedula (i. e. meretrix),

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 20.—

Of things, a fault, defect:

operum et laudes et culpae,

Vitr. 3, 1, 4.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.

mălĕfĭcus (in MSS. also mălĭfĭ-cus), a, um, adj. [malefacio], evil-doing, nefarious, vicious, wicked, criminal.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

homo natura maleficus, et injustus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

malefici sceleratique homines,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

maleficentissimus,

Suet. Galb. 15:

mores malefici,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 4:

malefica vita,

Tac. A. 4, 21.—As subst.: mălĕ-fĭous, i, m., an evil-doer, criminal:

contra istoc detrudi maleficos Aequom videlur,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 150.—

In partic., magical:

artes,

Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 6.—As substt.

mălĕfĭcus, i, m., a magician, enchanter:

de maleficis et mathematicis,

Cod. Just. 9, 18, 5:

magi qui malefici vulgi consuetudine nuncupantur,

ib. 9, 18, 7; Schol. Juv. 6, 594.—

mălĕfĭcum, i, n., a charm, means of enchantment:

semusti cineres aliaque malefica, quis creditur anima numinibus inferis sacrari,

Tac. A. 2, 69 fin. —

Transf., hurtful, injurious, noxious, mischievous (only post-Aug.):

Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae atque maleficae,

Suet. Ner. 16:

sidera,

Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 160:

vis,

id. 33, 4, 25, § 84:

bestia piscibus malefica,

id. 9, 15, 20, § 50:

caprae, maleficum frondibus animal,

id. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

natura,

inimical, unpropitious, Nep. Ages. 8, 1:

bestia,

Amm. 28, 3, 4.— Hence, adv.: mălĕfĭcē, mischievously:

aliquid agere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 113.

mălĕfĭcus (in MSS. also mălĭfĭ-cus), a, um, adj. [malefacio], evil-doing, nefarious, vicious, wicked, criminal.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

homo natura maleficus, et injustus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

malefici sceleratique homines,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

maleficentissimus,

Suet. Galb. 15:

mores malefici,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 4:

malefica vita,

Tac. A. 4, 21.—As subst.: mălĕ-fĭous, i, m., an evil-doer, criminal:

contra istoc detrudi maleficos Aequom videlur,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 150.—

In partic., magical:

artes,

Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 6.—As substt.

mălĕfĭcus, i, m., a magician, enchanter:

de maleficis et mathematicis,

Cod. Just. 9, 18, 5:

magi qui malefici vulgi consuetudine nuncupantur,

ib. 9, 18, 7; Schol. Juv. 6, 594.—

mălĕfĭcum, i, n., a charm, means of enchantment:

semusti cineres aliaque malefica, quis creditur anima numinibus inferis sacrari,

Tac. A. 2, 69 fin. —

Transf., hurtful, injurious, noxious, mischievous (only post-Aug.):

Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae atque maleficae,

Suet. Ner. 16:

sidera,

Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 160:

vis,

id. 33, 4, 25, § 84:

bestia piscibus malefica,

id. 9, 15, 20, § 50:

caprae, maleficum frondibus animal,

id. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

natura,

inimical, unpropitious, Nep. Ages. 8, 1:

bestia,

Amm. 28, 3, 4.— Hence, adv.: mălĕfĭcē, mischievously:

aliquid agere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 113.

mălĕfĭcus (in MSS. also mălĭfĭ-cus), a, um, adj. [malefacio], evil-doing, nefarious, vicious, wicked, criminal.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

homo natura maleficus, et injustus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

malefici sceleratique homines,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

maleficentissimus,

Suet. Galb. 15:

mores malefici,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 4:

malefica vita,

Tac. A. 4, 21.—As subst.: mălĕ-fĭous, i, m., an evil-doer, criminal:

contra istoc detrudi maleficos Aequom videlur,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 150.—

In partic., magical:

artes,

Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 6.—As substt.

mălĕfĭcus, i, m., a magician, enchanter:

de maleficis et mathematicis,

Cod. Just. 9, 18, 5:

magi qui malefici vulgi consuetudine nuncupantur,

ib. 9, 18, 7; Schol. Juv. 6, 594.—

mălĕfĭcum, i, n., a charm, means of enchantment:

semusti cineres aliaque malefica, quis creditur anima numinibus inferis sacrari,

Tac. A. 2, 69 fin. —

Transf., hurtful, injurious, noxious, mischievous (only post-Aug.):

Christiani, genus hominum superstitionis novae atque maleficae,

Suet. Ner. 16:

sidera,

Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 160:

vis,

id. 33, 4, 25, § 84:

bestia piscibus malefica,

id. 9, 15, 20, § 50:

caprae, maleficum frondibus animal,

id. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

natura,

inimical, unpropitious, Nep. Ages. 8, 1:

bestia,

Amm. 28, 3, 4.— Hence, adv.: mălĕfĭcē, mischievously:

aliquid agere,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 113.

mălignus, a, um, adj. [for maligenus, malus, and gen-, root of gigno; cf. the opp. benignus], of an evil nature or disposition, ill-disposed, wicked, mischievous, malicious, spiteful, envious, malignant, malign ( poet. and post-Aug.; syn.: invidus, malevolus, parcus).

In gen.:

maligni caupones,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 4:

magnaque numinibus vota exaudita malignis,

unkind, Juv. 10, 111.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things: malignissima capita,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 18:

litus,

Luc. 8, 565:

portus,

id. 5, 651:

leges,

Ov. M. 10, 329:

votum,

Cat. 67, 5:

verba,

Manil. 4, 573:

mente malignā,

Cat. 68, 37:

studia,

Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 101:

vulgus,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 40:

oculi,

Verg. A. 5, 654.—

In partic.

Stingy, niggardly:

malignus, largus,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 17.—Of favors, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 84: vagae ne parce malignus arenae ossibus particulam dare, Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.— Trop.:

fama,

Ov. H. 16, 143:

in laudandis dictionibus,

Quint. 2, 2, 6.—

Transf.

Barren, unfruitful:

terra malignior ceteris,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 15:

colles,

Verg. G. 2, 179.—

Scanty, insufficient, dim, petty, small, narrow:

ostium,

too narrow, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27:

aditus,

Verg. A. 11, 525:

ignis,

Mart. 10, 96, 7:

lux,

Verg. A. 6, 270:

conspecta est parva maligna Unda procul venā,

Luc. 9, 500:

munus,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—Hence, adv.: mălignē.

In gen., ill-naturedly, spitefully, enviously, malignantly (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

maledice ac maligne loqui,

Liv. 45, 39.— Comp.:

malignius habitum esse sermonem,

Curt. 8, 1, 8.—

In partic.

Stingily, grudgingly:

ager maligne plebi divisus,

Liv. 8, 12:

famem exstinguere,

sparingly, Sen. Ep. 18, 9: non mihi fuit tam maligne, ut, etc., it has not gone so poorly with me that, etc., Cat. 10, 18:

dispensare,

Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 7:

laudare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 209.— Comp.:

dicis, malignius tecum egisse naturam,

Sen. Ep. 44, 1.—

Little, scantily:

terra eorum, quae seruntur, maligne admodum patiens,

a very little, Mel. 2, 2:

apertus,

Sen. Ben. 6, 34, 3:

virens,

Plin. 34, 11, 26, § 112.

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

pestĭfer and (rarely, Cels. 2, 6) pes-tĭfĕrus, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [pestis-fero].

Bringing pestilence, pestilential:

odor,

Liv. 25, 26, 11.—

In gen., that brings destruction, destructive, baleful, noxious, pernicious, pestiferous (class.):

res pestiferae et nocentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

accessus ad res salutares, a pestiferis recessus,

id. ib. 2, 12, 34:

acutus et pestifer morbus,

Cels. 4, 1, 1:

sudor,

id. 2, 6:

aquae,

Val. Fl. 4, 594:

ignis,

Ov. M. 8, 477:

fames,

id. ib. 8, 784:

fauces,

Verg. A. 7, 570:

aër,

Col. 10, 331:

bellum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

bella civilia,

id. Off. 1, 25, 86:

Antonii pestifer reditus,

id. Phil. 3, 2, 3:

homo,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5:

pestiferum fulgur dicitur, quo mors exsiliumve significari solet,

Fest. p. 210 Müll.; cf.:

pestifera quae mortem aut exsilium ostendunt,

id. p. 245 ib.— Subst.: pestĭfer, ĕri, m., a mischievous person, Vulg. Ecclus. 11, 35.— Adv.: pestĭfĕrĕ, balefully, pestiferously (rare but class.), Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13; Hilar. Trin. 7, 3.

pestĭfer and (rarely, Cels. 2, 6) pes-tĭfĕrus, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [pestis-fero].

Bringing pestilence, pestilential:

odor,

Liv. 25, 26, 11.—

In gen., that brings destruction, destructive, baleful, noxious, pernicious, pestiferous (class.):

res pestiferae et nocentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

accessus ad res salutares, a pestiferis recessus,

id. ib. 2, 12, 34:

acutus et pestifer morbus,

Cels. 4, 1, 1:

sudor,

id. 2, 6:

aquae,

Val. Fl. 4, 594:

ignis,

Ov. M. 8, 477:

fames,

id. ib. 8, 784:

fauces,

Verg. A. 7, 570:

aër,

Col. 10, 331:

bellum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

bella civilia,

id. Off. 1, 25, 86:

Antonii pestifer reditus,

id. Phil. 3, 2, 3:

homo,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5:

pestiferum fulgur dicitur, quo mors exsiliumve significari solet,

Fest. p. 210 Müll.; cf.:

pestifera quae mortem aut exsilium ostendunt,

id. p. 245 ib.— Subst.: pestĭfer, ĕri, m., a mischievous person, Vulg. Ecclus. 11, 35.— Adv.: pestĭfĕrĕ, balefully, pestiferously (rare but class.), Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13; Hilar. Trin. 7, 3.

pestĭfer and (rarely, Cels. 2, 6) pes-tĭfĕrus, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [pestis-fero].

Bringing pestilence, pestilential:

odor,

Liv. 25, 26, 11.—

In gen., that brings destruction, destructive, baleful, noxious, pernicious, pestiferous (class.):

res pestiferae et nocentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

accessus ad res salutares, a pestiferis recessus,

id. ib. 2, 12, 34:

acutus et pestifer morbus,

Cels. 4, 1, 1:

sudor,

id. 2, 6:

aquae,

Val. Fl. 4, 594:

ignis,

Ov. M. 8, 477:

fames,

id. ib. 8, 784:

fauces,

Verg. A. 7, 570:

aër,

Col. 10, 331:

bellum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:

bella civilia,

id. Off. 1, 25, 86:

Antonii pestifer reditus,

id. Phil. 3, 2, 3:

homo,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5:

pestiferum fulgur dicitur, quo mors exsiliumve significari solet,

Fest. p. 210 Müll.; cf.:

pestifera quae mortem aut exsilium ostendunt,

id. p. 245 ib.— Subst.: pestĭfer, ĕri, m., a mischievous person, Vulg. Ecclus. 11, 35.— Adv.: pestĭfĕrĕ, balefully, pestiferously (rare but class.), Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13; Hilar. Trin. 7, 3.