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81 fictum

fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. dih-, dēhmi, smear; Gr. thig, thinganô, touch; whence figulus, figura, etc.; prop., to handle].
I.
Lit.
A.
To touch, handle, stroke, touch gently (rare):
mulcere alternos, et corpora fingere lingua,
Verg. A. 8, 634:
saepe manus aegras manibus fingebat amicis,
Ov. F. 5, 409.—
B.
Esp., to form, shape, fashion, frame, make (class.), whence also figulus:
esse aliquam vim, quae finxerit, vel, ut tuo verbo utar, quae fabricata sit hominem,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 87; cf.:
ab aliquo deo ficti esse videantur,
id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:
fingere et construere nidos,
build, id. ib. 2, 6, 23:
favos,
id. Off. 1, 44, 157:
ut illa bestia fetum ederet informem, lambendo postgea fingeret, etc.,
Gell. 17, 10, 3.—
C.
In partic.
1.
Of the plastic art, to form or fashion by art (in wax, clay, stone, etc.), to mould or model, as a statuary:
quorum alterum fingere opinor e cera solitum esse, alterum esse pictorem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 30; cf.:
in ceris aut fictilibus figuris,
id. N. D. 1, 26, 71:
similitudines ex argilla,
Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151; cf.
, sarcastically: hic homullus, ex argilla et luto fictus Epicurus,
Cic. Pis. 25, 59:
pocula de humo,
Ov. Tr. 2, 489:
Alexander ab Apelle potissimum pingi et a Lysippo fingi volebat... qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf.:
fingendi ars,
of making statues, statuary, id. de Or. 3, 7, 26:
corpora fingendo pingendove efficere,
Quint. 5, 12, 21.—
2.
With the access. notion of arranging, adorning, etc., to set to rights, arrange; to adorn, dress, trim ( poet. syn.:
componere, excolere, ornare): Bene cum lauta est (mulier), tersa, ornata, ficta est: infecta est tamen,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 4:
cum se non finxerit ulli,
Ov. R. Am. 341:
isti ficti, compositi, crispi cincinni,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 32; cf.:
canas fingere comas,
Tib. 1, 2, 92:
comas presso pollice,
Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 306; Mart. 6, 57; cf.:
comas auro,
Stat. Th. 5, 228:
crinem,
Verg. A. 4, 148; cf. also Phaedr. 2, 2, 9:
vitem putando,
Verg. G. 2, 407 Forbig.—
3.
With the access. notion of untruth, to alter, change, for the purpose of dissembling:
hi neque vultum fingere, neque interdum lacrimas tenere poterant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:
vultus quoque hominum fingit scelus,
i. e. makes men change countenance, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 14.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to form, fashion, make: Ly. multa eveniunt homini quae [p. 751] volt, quae nevolt. Ph. Mentire, gnate, nam sapiens quidem pol ipsus fingit fortunam sibi, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 84; cf.
the vv. foll.: natura fingit homines et creat imitatores et narratores facetos,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 219:
animos fingere, formare,
id. Brut. 38, 142: cf.:
moderari et fingere mentem ac voluntates,
id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:
ea quae nobis non possumus fingere, vultus, facies, sonus,
id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: formam totius rei publicae velim mittas, ex qua me fingere possim, regulate myself, i. e. proceed, act, id. Att. 6, 3, 4; cf.:
ad eorum (qui audiunt) arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt et accommodant,
id. Or. 8, 24:
ea (verba) nos sicut mollissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formamus et fingimus,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.
also: arbitrio fingere,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
fortuna humana fingit artatque ut lubet,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 54; cf.:
vitam subito flecti fingique posse,
shaped, directed, Cic. Sull. 28, 79; cf. id. ib. 25, 69:
jure erat semper idem voltus, cum mentis, a qua is fingitur, nulla fieret mutatio,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:
circumspexit amictus et finxit vultum,
composed, Ov. M. 4, 318:
lingua vocem immoderate profusam fingit et terminat,
forms, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:
Peripateticorum institutis commodius fingeretur oratio,
id. Brut. 31, 119: ego apis Matinae more modoque operosa parvus carmina fingo (like the Gr. plattô), make, compose, Hor. C. 4, 2, 32:
carmina,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331; 240:
versus,
id. ib. 382:
poëmata,
Suet. Tit. 3:
opprobria in quemvis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30.—
B.
In partic.
1.
With a double predicate, to form, make into something or in a certain manner:
finxit te ipsa natura ad honestatem, gravitatem... ad omnes denique virtutes magnum hominem et excelsum,
Cic. Mur. 29, 60:
nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget,
Verg. A. 2, 79:
(illum) spissae nemorum comae Fingent Aeolio carmine nobilem,
Hor. C. 4, 3, 12:
di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli Finxerunt animi,
id. S. 1, 4, 18: timui, mea me finxisse minora putarer Dissimulator opis propriae, to have lessened, i. e. purposely disparaged it, id. Ep. 1, 9, 8.—
2.
To form by instruction, to instruct, teach, train:
idem mire finxit filium,
i. e. caused him to play his part, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 25; cf.:
voce paterna Fingeris ad rectum,
Hor. A. P. 367:
fingitur artibus,
id. C. 3, 6, 22:
fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire viam, qua monstret eques,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 64.—
3.
To form mentally or in speech, to represent in thought, to imagine, conceive, think, suppose; to sketch out:
fingite animis... fingite cogitatione imaginem hujus condicionis meae, etc.,
Cic. Mil. 29, 79; cf.:
omnia quae cogitatione nobismet ipsi possumus fingere,
id. N. D. 3, 18, 47:
fingere animo,
id. de Sen. 12, 41: cf.
also: animo et cogitatione,
id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:
ex sua natura ceteros,
to conceive of, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:
quid magis exercitum dici aut fingi potest?
id. Mil. 2, 5:
maleficium,
id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:
tu, stulta, deos, tu fingis inania vera,
Prop. 3, 20 (4, 19), 5:
qui utilitatum causa fingunt amicitias,
suppose, Cic. Lael. 14, 51:
principatum sibi ipse opinionis errore finxerat,
had imagined to himself, id. Off. 1, 8, 26:
in summo oratore fingendo,
in representing, sketching out, id. Or. 2, 7:
finge tamen te improbulum,
Juv. 5, 72.—
(β).
With double acc.:
quod si qui me astutiorem fingit,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6:
Tiresiam sapientem fingunt poetae... at vero Polyphemum Homerus immanem finxit,
id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—
(γ).
With an object-clause, and in pass., with a subject-clause:
finge, aliquem nunc fierisapientem, nondum esse,
suppose, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:
finge solum natum nothum,
Quint. 3, 6, 100.—Ellipt.: interfecti aliqui sunt;
finge a nobis,
assume, grant, Liv. 39, 37, 11:
fingamus Alexandrum dari nobis,
Quint. 1, 1, 24:
non omnia corpora fingunt in medium niti,
Lucr. 1, 1083; cf. id. 2, 175:
qui naufragus fingitur se suspendisse,
Quint. 8, 5, 22:
qui suos artus morsu lacerasset, fingitur in scholis supra se cubasse,
id. 8, 2, 20.—
b.
Pregn., with the access. notion of creating by thinking, to contrive, devise, invent, feign something (esp. untrue):
argento comparando fingere fallaciam,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 2; 4:
fallacias,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 22:
fallaciam,
id. And. 1, 3, 15; cf.: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? id. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:
fingit causas, ne det, sedulo,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 58:
falsas causas ad discordiam,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 71:
si mihi aliquam (rem publicam), ut apud Platonem Socrates, ipse finxero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 11:
ex eventis fingere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:
(crimina) in istum fingere,
id. Verr. 1, 5, 15:
ea quae sunt in usu vitaque communi, non ea, quae finguntur aut optantur,
id. Lael. 5, 18:
in faciem moresque meos nova crimina fingis,
Ov. H. 12, 177:
fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere Qui nequit,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:
quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere,
id. Ep. 1, 15, 30:
finguntur et testamenta,
Quint. 7, 4, 39:
nemo dolorem fingit in hoc casu,
Juv. 13, 132: qui sub obtentu monituum deorum scientes eos fingunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 6. —With double acc.:
bonois se ac liberales,
Sen. Ben. 4, 17, 3.—With inf.:
ignorare fingit,
Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 306.—Hence, fic-tus, a, um, P. a., feigned, fictitious, false:
in amicitia nihil fictum est, nihil simulatum,
Cic. Lael. 8, 26; cf. id. ib. 18, 65:
ficto officio et simulata sedultiate conjunctus,
id. Caecin. 5, 14:
in re ficta (opp. in vera),
id. Lael. 7, 24:
falsum est id totum neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,
id. Rep. 2, 15:
commenticii et ficti dii,
id. N. D. 2, 28, 70:
fabula,
id. Off. 3, 9, 39:
in rebus fictis et adumbratis,
id. Lael. 26, 97:
amor,
Lucr. 4, 1192:
gemitus,
Ov. M. 6, 565:
cunctatio,
Tac. A. 1, 46:
ficto pectore fatur,
Verg. A. 2, 107.— Poet. and in post-Aug. prose also, of persons:
pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,
dissembling, false, Hor. S. 1, 3, 62:
alii fictum (eum), ingratum, immemorem loquuntur,
Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 3;
but: ficta pellice plorat,
imaginary, Juv. 6, 272.— Poet., subst.: fictum, i, n., deception, fiction:
ficti pravique tenax,
Verg. A. 4, 188:
jam consumpserat omnem Materiam ficti,
Ov. M. 9, 767.—Adverb.:
fictumque in colla minatus, Crura subit,
Stat. Th. 6, 876.— Adv.: ficte, feignedly, fictitiously:
ficte et simulate quaestus causa insusurrare,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13:
ficte reconciliata gratia,
id. Fam. 3, 12, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fictum
82 fingo

fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. dih-, dēhmi, smear; Gr. thig, thinganô, touch; whence figulus, figura, etc.; prop., to handle].
I.
Lit.
A.
To touch, handle, stroke, touch gently (rare):
mulcere alternos, et corpora fingere lingua,
Verg. A. 8, 634:
saepe manus aegras manibus fingebat amicis,
Ov. F. 5, 409.—
B.
Esp., to form, shape, fashion, frame, make (class.), whence also figulus:
esse aliquam vim, quae finxerit, vel, ut tuo verbo utar, quae fabricata sit hominem,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 87; cf.:
ab aliquo deo ficti esse videantur,
id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:
fingere et construere nidos,
build, id. ib. 2, 6, 23:
favos,
id. Off. 1, 44, 157:
ut illa bestia fetum ederet informem, lambendo postgea fingeret, etc.,
Gell. 17, 10, 3.—
C.
In partic.
1.
Of the plastic art, to form or fashion by art (in wax, clay, stone, etc.), to mould or model, as a statuary:
quorum alterum fingere opinor e cera solitum esse, alterum esse pictorem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 30; cf.:
in ceris aut fictilibus figuris,
id. N. D. 1, 26, 71:
similitudines ex argilla,
Plin. 35, 12, 43, § 151; cf.
, sarcastically: hic homullus, ex argilla et luto fictus Epicurus,
Cic. Pis. 25, 59:
pocula de humo,
Ov. Tr. 2, 489:
Alexander ab Apelle potissimum pingi et a Lysippo fingi volebat... qui neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf.:
fingendi ars,
of making statues, statuary, id. de Or. 3, 7, 26:
corpora fingendo pingendove efficere,
Quint. 5, 12, 21.—
2.
With the access. notion of arranging, adorning, etc., to set to rights, arrange; to adorn, dress, trim ( poet. syn.:
componere, excolere, ornare): Bene cum lauta est (mulier), tersa, ornata, ficta est: infecta est tamen,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 4:
cum se non finxerit ulli,
Ov. R. Am. 341:
isti ficti, compositi, crispi cincinni,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 32; cf.:
canas fingere comas,
Tib. 1, 2, 92:
comas presso pollice,
Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 14; Ov. A. A. 1, 306; Mart. 6, 57; cf.:
comas auro,
Stat. Th. 5, 228:
crinem,
Verg. A. 4, 148; cf. also Phaedr. 2, 2, 9:
vitem putando,
Verg. G. 2, 407 Forbig.—
3.
With the access. notion of untruth, to alter, change, for the purpose of dissembling:
hi neque vultum fingere, neque interdum lacrimas tenere poterant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.:
vultus quoque hominum fingit scelus,
i. e. makes men change countenance, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 14.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to form, fashion, make: Ly. multa eveniunt homini quae [p. 751] volt, quae nevolt. Ph. Mentire, gnate, nam sapiens quidem pol ipsus fingit fortunam sibi, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 84; cf.
the vv. foll.: natura fingit homines et creat imitatores et narratores facetos,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 219:
animos fingere, formare,
id. Brut. 38, 142: cf.:
moderari et fingere mentem ac voluntates,
id. Leg. 3, 18, 40:
ea quae nobis non possumus fingere, vultus, facies, sonus,
id. de Or. 1, 28, 127: formam totius rei publicae velim mittas, ex qua me fingere possim, regulate myself, i. e. proceed, act, id. Att. 6, 3, 4; cf.:
ad eorum (qui audiunt) arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt et accommodant,
id. Or. 8, 24:
ea (verba) nos sicut mollissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formamus et fingimus,
id. de Or. 3, 45, 177; cf.
also: arbitrio fingere,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
fortuna humana fingit artatque ut lubet,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 54; cf.:
vitam subito flecti fingique posse,
shaped, directed, Cic. Sull. 28, 79; cf. id. ib. 25, 69:
jure erat semper idem voltus, cum mentis, a qua is fingitur, nulla fieret mutatio,
id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:
circumspexit amictus et finxit vultum,
composed, Ov. M. 4, 318:
lingua vocem immoderate profusam fingit et terminat,
forms, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:
Peripateticorum institutis commodius fingeretur oratio,
id. Brut. 31, 119: ego apis Matinae more modoque operosa parvus carmina fingo (like the Gr. plattô), make, compose, Hor. C. 4, 2, 32:
carmina,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 227; id. A. P. 331; 240:
versus,
id. ib. 382:
poëmata,
Suet. Tit. 3:
opprobria in quemvis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30.—
B.
In partic.
1.
With a double predicate, to form, make into something or in a certain manner:
finxit te ipsa natura ad honestatem, gravitatem... ad omnes denique virtutes magnum hominem et excelsum,
Cic. Mur. 29, 60:
nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget,
Verg. A. 2, 79:
(illum) spissae nemorum comae Fingent Aeolio carmine nobilem,
Hor. C. 4, 3, 12:
di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli Finxerunt animi,
id. S. 1, 4, 18: timui, mea me finxisse minora putarer Dissimulator opis propriae, to have lessened, i. e. purposely disparaged it, id. Ep. 1, 9, 8.—
2.
To form by instruction, to instruct, teach, train:
idem mire finxit filium,
i. e. caused him to play his part, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 25; cf.:
voce paterna Fingeris ad rectum,
Hor. A. P. 367:
fingitur artibus,
id. C. 3, 6, 22:
fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire viam, qua monstret eques,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 64.—
3.
To form mentally or in speech, to represent in thought, to imagine, conceive, think, suppose; to sketch out:
fingite animis... fingite cogitatione imaginem hujus condicionis meae, etc.,
Cic. Mil. 29, 79; cf.:
omnia quae cogitatione nobismet ipsi possumus fingere,
id. N. D. 3, 18, 47:
fingere animo,
id. de Sen. 12, 41: cf.
also: animo et cogitatione,
id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:
ex sua natura ceteros,
to conceive of, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:
quid magis exercitum dici aut fingi potest?
id. Mil. 2, 5:
maleficium,
id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:
tu, stulta, deos, tu fingis inania vera,
Prop. 3, 20 (4, 19), 5:
qui utilitatum causa fingunt amicitias,
suppose, Cic. Lael. 14, 51:
principatum sibi ipse opinionis errore finxerat,
had imagined to himself, id. Off. 1, 8, 26:
in summo oratore fingendo,
in representing, sketching out, id. Or. 2, 7:
finge tamen te improbulum,
Juv. 5, 72.—
(β).
With double acc.:
quod si qui me astutiorem fingit,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6:
Tiresiam sapientem fingunt poetae... at vero Polyphemum Homerus immanem finxit,
id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.—
(γ).
With an object-clause, and in pass., with a subject-clause:
finge, aliquem nunc fierisapientem, nondum esse,
suppose, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 117:
finge solum natum nothum,
Quint. 3, 6, 100.—Ellipt.: interfecti aliqui sunt;
finge a nobis,
assume, grant, Liv. 39, 37, 11:
fingamus Alexandrum dari nobis,
Quint. 1, 1, 24:
non omnia corpora fingunt in medium niti,
Lucr. 1, 1083; cf. id. 2, 175:
qui naufragus fingitur se suspendisse,
Quint. 8, 5, 22:
qui suos artus morsu lacerasset, fingitur in scholis supra se cubasse,
id. 8, 2, 20.—
b.
Pregn., with the access. notion of creating by thinking, to contrive, devise, invent, feign something (esp. untrue):
argento comparando fingere fallaciam,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 2; 4:
fallacias,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 22:
fallaciam,
id. And. 1, 3, 15; cf.: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? id. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:
fingit causas, ne det, sedulo,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 58:
falsas causas ad discordiam,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 71:
si mihi aliquam (rem publicam), ut apud Platonem Socrates, ipse finxero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 11:
ex eventis fingere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 4:
(crimina) in istum fingere,
id. Verr. 1, 5, 15:
ea quae sunt in usu vitaque communi, non ea, quae finguntur aut optantur,
id. Lael. 5, 18:
in faciem moresque meos nova crimina fingis,
Ov. H. 12, 177:
fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere Qui nequit,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:
quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere,
id. Ep. 1, 15, 30:
finguntur et testamenta,
Quint. 7, 4, 39:
nemo dolorem fingit in hoc casu,
Juv. 13, 132: qui sub obtentu monituum deorum scientes eos fingunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 6. —With double acc.:
bonois se ac liberales,
Sen. Ben. 4, 17, 3.—With inf.:
ignorare fingit,
Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 306.—Hence, fic-tus, a, um, P. a., feigned, fictitious, false:
in amicitia nihil fictum est, nihil simulatum,
Cic. Lael. 8, 26; cf. id. ib. 18, 65:
ficto officio et simulata sedultiate conjunctus,
id. Caecin. 5, 14:
in re ficta (opp. in vera),
id. Lael. 7, 24:
falsum est id totum neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,
id. Rep. 2, 15:
commenticii et ficti dii,
id. N. D. 2, 28, 70:
fabula,
id. Off. 3, 9, 39:
in rebus fictis et adumbratis,
id. Lael. 26, 97:
amor,
Lucr. 4, 1192:
gemitus,
Ov. M. 6, 565:
cunctatio,
Tac. A. 1, 46:
ficto pectore fatur,
Verg. A. 2, 107.— Poet. and in post-Aug. prose also, of persons:
pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,
dissembling, false, Hor. S. 1, 3, 62:
alii fictum (eum), ingratum, immemorem loquuntur,
Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 3;
but: ficta pellice plorat,
imaginary, Juv. 6, 272.— Poet., subst.: fictum, i, n., deception, fiction:
ficti pravique tenax,
Verg. A. 4, 188:
jam consumpserat omnem Materiam ficti,
Ov. M. 9, 767.—Adverb.:
fictumque in colla minatus, Crura subit,
Stat. Th. 6, 876.— Adv.: ficte, feignedly, fictitiously:
ficte et simulate quaestus causa insusurrare,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 13:
ficte reconciliata gratia,
id. Fam. 3, 12, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fingo
83 Liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liber
84 liber

1.
līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
I.
In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
(α).
Absol.:
dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 36:
ad scribendi licentiam liber,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:
agri immunes ac liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:
integro animo ac libero causam defendere,
unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:
liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,
not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:
libera lingua,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:
cor liberum,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:
vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,
Liv. 35, 32, 6:
libera verba animi proferre,
Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:
aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,
id. Brut. 67, 236:
libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:
liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,
Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:
mandata,
full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:
fenus,
unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;
v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,
the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:
locus,
free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:
lectulus,
i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:
vestis,
id. ib. 3, 777:
libera omnia sibi servare,
to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:
hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:
est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,
id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:
liberiores litterae,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1:
amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,
freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:
paulo liberior sententia,
Quint. 4, 2, 121:
liberior in utramque partem disputatio,
id. 7, 2, 14:
fusiores liberioresque numeri,
id. 9, 4, 130:
officia liberiora plenioraque,
id. 6, 1, 9:
(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,
freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:
(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,
freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:
liberiore frui caelo,
freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:
liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,
the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:
liberrime Lolli,
most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:
indignatio,
id. Epod. 4, 10.—
(β).
Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:
Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:
(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,
id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
ab observando homine perverso liber,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:
ab omni animi perturbatione liber,
id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,
id. Att. 15, 16, B:
libera a ferro crura,
Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:
animus liber a partibus rei publicae,
Sall. C. 4.—
(γ).
With abl.:
animus omni liber curā et angore,
free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:
animus religione,
Liv. 2, 36:
animus cogitationibus aliis,
Quint. 11, 2, 35:
mens omnibus vitiis,
id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:
liberis odio et gratia mentibus,
id. 5, 11, 37:
omni liber metu,
Liv. 7, 34:
liber invidia,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:
equus carcere,
Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
(δ).
With gen. ( poet.):
liber laborum,
Hor. A. P. 212:
fati gens Lydia,
Verg. A. 10, 154:
curarum,
Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:
liberior campi,
having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
(ε).
Liberum est, with subject-clause:
quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,
it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:
dies eligere certos liberum erat,
Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:
libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,
Tac. A. 3, 60.
II.
In partic.
A.
Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;
also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:
dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,
id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:
quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:
in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:
si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,
id. Top. 2, 10:
quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,
of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:
liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
B.
Free, in a political point of view;
said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,
Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:
ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
liber populus,
id. ib. 3, 34, 46:
(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,
democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:
civitates liberae atque immunes,
free from service, Liv. 37, 55:
provinciae civitatesque liberae,
Suet. Vesp. 8:
libera ac foederata oppida,
id. Calig. 3:
Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,
Juv. 8, 244.—
C.
In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:
quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),
Plaut. Am. prol. 105:
adulescens imprudens et liber,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:
sit adulescentia liberior,
somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:
amores soluti et liberi,
id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
consuetudo peccandi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:
qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,
Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:
animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,
id. Div. 2, 48, 100:
respirare,
id. Quint. 11, 39:
constanter et libere (me gessi),
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
consilium dare,
id. Lael. 13, 44:
aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
omnia libere fingimus et impune,
Quint. 6, 1, 43:
ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,
Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:
liberius vivendi fuit potestas,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:
loqui,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33:
fortius liberiusque defendere,
Quint. 12, 1, 21:
liberius si Dixero quid,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:
maledicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 37:
longius et liberius exseritur digitus,
Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:
ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,
freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
2.
līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;
but also: liberorum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
I.
Sing. (post-class. and rare):
si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,
Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
II.
Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
A.
Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):
cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,
id. ib. 16, 11, 1:
liberos procreare,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:
suscipere liberos,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:
per liberos te precor,
Hor. Epod. 5, 5:
dulces,
id. ib. 2, 40:
parvuli,
Quint. 2, 15, 8;
opp. parentes,
id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:
non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,
Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,
Gell. 1, 12, 8:
uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:
liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,
Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:
liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,
ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:
habitus sis in liberum loco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
2.
Esp.
(α).
Of sons (opp. daughters):
procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,
Hyg. Fab. 9.—
(β).
Of children in gen. = pueri:
praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,
Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
B.
Transf., of animals, young:
liberis orbas oves,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:
quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
3.
Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:
hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:
Liber et alma Ceres,
Verg. G. 1, 7:
ex aede Liberi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;
in a pun with 1. liber,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:
quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:
salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:
sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:
Romulus et Liber pater,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:
per vestigia Liberi patris,
Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:
patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,
Col. 3, 21, 3:
Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,
Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
B.
Meton., wine:
illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,
Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:
sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,
Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:
condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,
id. S. 1, 4, 89.
4.
lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:
colligatae libris (arundines),
Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:
udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,
Verg. G. 2, 77:
natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,
id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:
quam denso fascia libro,
Juv. 6, 263.—
B.
Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):
antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,
Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
II.
Transf.
A.
Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:
charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
B.
Most freq. a book, work, treatise:
Demetrii liber de concordia,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:
quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,
id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:
dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
id. de Sen. 15, 54:
libros pervolutare,
id. Att. 5, 12, 2:
evolvere,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:
volvere,
id. Brut. 87, 298:
legere,
id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:
edere,
id. Fat. 1, 1:
libri confectio,
id. de Sen. 1, 1:
tempus ad libros vacuum,
id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:
cujus (Platonis) in libris,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:
in Graecorum libris,
id. ib. 2, 11, 21:
librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,
Juv. 3, 41:
actorum libri,
the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
C.
In partic.
1.
A division of a work a look:
tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,
Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:
hi tres libri (de Officiis),
id. Off. 3, 33, 121:
sermo in novem libros distributus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:
dictum est in libro superiore,
id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:
versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,
id. 6, 3, 86:
liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,
id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:
in T. Livii primo,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:
in tertio de Oratore,
id. 9, 1, 26:
legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
2.
In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:
decemviris adire libros jussis,
i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:
se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:
ut in libris est Etruscorum,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:
caerimoniarum,
rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
D.
A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
E.
A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
F.
A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):
liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liber
85 obliviscor

oblīvīscor, lītus sum, līvīscī (viell. von oblino), vergessen, auch absichtlich = nicht mehr denken an usw. (Ggstz. memini, in mentem venit), I) eig., m. Genet., temporum suorum, Cic.: numquam noctis illius, cum etc., Cic.: controversiarum ac dissensionis, Caes.: offensarum, Tac.: oblivisci sui non sinere (v. einer Gabe), Sen.: o nimium nimiumque oblite tuorum, Ov.: meminens naturae et professionis oblitus, Sidon. epist. 4, 12, 1. – m. Acc. rei, iniurias, Cic.: haec tam crebra Etruriae concilia, Liv.: velut aliquid oblitus, als hätte er etwas vergessen (mitzunehmen), Liv.: ut alia obliviscar, anderes zu vergessen (als Parenthese), Cic. – m. Acc. pers., semet, Acc. tr. 190: Ulixem, ibid. 488: deum, Vulg. psalm. 49, 22; Baruch 4, 8: oblitusque meorum obliviscendus et illis, Hor. ep. 1, 11, 9. – m. folg. Infin., et nescio qui tibi sum oblitus hodie ac volui dicere, Ter.: ne obliviscar vigilare, Cic.: quod scribere oblitus es, Cic.: quod auspicari esset oblitus, Cic.: paene est oblita tollere, sie hätte beinahe vergessen, Ov.: obliti de natali suo edicere, Suet.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., obliviscor Roscium et Cluvium esse viros primarios, Cic.: oblitus se paulo ante defensum (esse) ab illo, Sen. rhet.: oblitus tot civium animas trahere se in casum, Curt.: neu patruum sibi Othonem fuisse aut oblivisceretur umquam aut nimium meminisset, Tac. hist. 2, 48 extr. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, haud obliti, in qua urbe, inter quos simus, quali praeside ac rege spoliati, Curt.: etiam in scriptis obliviscebatur, quid paulo ante posuisset, Cic.: prae metu obliti, quid relinquerent, quid secum ferrent, Liv.: oblitus, quam caducis confideret, Sen. – v. Lebl., poma degenerant sucos oblita priores, Verg.: absol., oblito pectore, Catull.: obliviscentia saecla, die vergeßlichen, Catull.: oblito palato, Ov. – refl., oblivisci sui, sich vergessen = α) nichts von sich wissen, bei Lebzeiten = nicht daran denken, in welcher Zeit man lebe, Tac. dial. 2 (Andresen »aus sich, aus seinem Wesen heraustreten«): nach dem Tode, Sen. Herc. fur. 292 (296). – β) sich nicht besinnen, nicht recht die Gedanken beisammen haben, Ter. eun. 306. – γ) sich vergessen = seiner Würde uneingedenk sein, non oblita Iuno sui, Val. Flacc. 3, 664 sq. – II) übtr., etw. vergessen = etw. aus den Augen setzen, consuetudinis suae, Cic.: paterni generis, Cic.: feritatis ingenitae, Liv.: pudoris, Ov.: oblitus nugarum, Scherz beiseite lassend, keinen Spaß verstehend, Sen. u. Petron.: oblivisci sui, sich selbst (seinem Charakter) untreu werden, seiner Gewohnheit nicht gemäß handeln, Cic. Phil. 2, 10; ep. 9, 12, 1. Verg. Aen. 3, 629. – m. Acc., cultum oblitus es, Caecil. com. 61. – m. Infin., obliti sunt Romae loquier linguā Latinā, Naev. fr. b. Gell. 1, 24, 2. – / Passiv, adoptivae familiae obliviscuntur, Paul. dig. 23, 2, 60. § 3. – öfter Partiz. oblītus, Verg., Val. Max. u.a. – Metaplast. Fut. obliviscebor, Itala (Psalt. Veron.) psalm. 118, 16. – Partiz. oblīvītus, Commodian. instr. 1, 27, 8. – Nbf. oblīscor, wovon obliscar, Acc. tr. 488 u. parag. Infin. Präs. obliscier, Acc. tr. 190 u. Partiz. Fut. Pass. obliscendus, Plaut. mil. 1359 Leo.

lateinisch-deutsches > obliviscor
86 Roma

Rōma, ae, f. (etrusk. Ursprunges), Rom, die Hauptstadt von Latium in Italien, dann des ganzen Römischen Reiches, im Jahre 753 (od. 754) v. Chr. am linken Tiberufer gegründet, Varro r. r. 3, 1, 2. Cic. de rep. 2, 18: als Göttin in einem besonderen Tempel verehrt, Liv. 43, 6, 5. Tac. ann. 4, 37. Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 1422; 5, 18 u.a. – / archaist. Genet. Romai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 54; 1441, 12. – Dav.: A) Rōmānus, a, um, 1) zu Rom gehörig, in-, aus Rom, römisch, civis Romanus, Romana, Cic.: mulieres, Gell.: homo, ein Römer (im Ggstz. zu den Griechen), Cic.: vir, Sen.: populus, Cic.: gens, Augustin.: urbs, Rom, Liv.: Iuno, die von den Römern auf römische Art verehrte, Cic.: ludi, die ältesten Spiele Roms (auch ludi magni u. maximi gen.), Cic. u.a.: bellum, Liv.: mores, Sen.: studia, Sen.: scriptor historiae Romanae, Hieron.: Romano more, auf römische Art, auf gut römisch = aufrichtig, ohne Umschweife, gerade heraus, loqui, commendare, Cic.: u. so Romanā simplicitate loqui, Mart.: minime arte Romanā, Liv.: minime Romani ingenii homo, Liv. (s. M. Müller Liv. 1, 53, 4): Romanum est (es ist Römerart) m. folg. Infin., et facere et pati fortia Romanum est, Liv. 2, 12, 10. – subst., a) Rōmānus, ī, m., α) im Sing. teils kollektiv = die Römer, wie Liv. 2, 27, 1; 8, 3, 1; teils prägn., der Römer = der röm. Feldherr, wie Liv. 21, 59, 5 (s. dazu Fabri mehr Beisp. für beide Fälle): u. so Romanus sedendo vincit, v. O. Fabius Maximus, Varro r. r. 1, 2, 2. – β) im Plur., Romani, die Römer, Cic. u.a. – b) Rōmāna, ae, f., eine Römerin, Liv. 1, 26, 4: Lucretia, vetus Romana, Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 19, 1: Plur., Vell. 2, 75, 3. – c) Rōmāna, ōrum, n., α) das Römische = das römische Gebiet, Danubius Sarmatica ac Romana disterminet, Sen. nat. qu. prol. § 8. – β) das Römische = römische Geschichte, Romana cognoscere, Sen. ad Marc. 1, 3. – 2) im weiteren Sinne = lateinisch, lingua, Ov., Vell., Plin. ep. u.a.: verba, sermo, litterae, auctores, Quint.: oratio plane Romana, non civitate donata, Quint.: non minima pars Romani stili (v. Asinius Pollio), Vall. Max.; vgl. Herbst Quint. 10, 1, 85 u. bes. Krebs-Schmalz Antib.⁷ unter Romanus. – Adv. Rōmānē, römisch, auf gut römisch (Romano more, s. vorher), Gell. 13, 21, 2. – B) Rōmānēnsis, s. unter Romaniensis. – C) Rōmānia, ae, f., das römische Weltreich, Possid. vit. Augustin. 30. Ps. Augustin. app. epist. 4. Oros. 3, 20, 11 u. 7, 43, 5. Ven. Fort. carm. 6, 4, 7. – D) Rōmānicus, a, um, römisch, in Rom gemacht, aratra, iuga, Cato r. r. 135, 2. – E) Rōmānulus, a, um (Demin. v. Romanus), römisch, porta, ein Tor in Rom unterhalb der westlichen Spitze des palatinischen Hügels, Varro LL. 5, 164. Vgl. Jordan Topographie Roms 1, 1. S. 176. – F) Rōmāniēnsis, e, rö misch, Cato r. r. 162 in. Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 3416 u. 14, 2213: andere Form Rōmānēnsis, Varro LL. 8, 33. Paul. ex Fest. 61, 1. Corp. inscr. Lat. 11, 3936 u. 12, 1920. – G) Rōmilius, a, um, romilisch, tribus, Varro LL. u. Cic. – H) Rōmānitās, ātis, f., die römische Art, das Römertum, Tert. de pall. 4 in.

lateinisch-deutsches > Roma

87 obliviscor

oblīvīscor, lītus sum, līvīscī (viell. von oblino), vergessen, auch absichtlich = nicht mehr denken an usw. (Ggstz. memini, in mentem venit), I) eig., m. Genet., temporum suorum, Cic.: numquam noctis illius, cum etc., Cic.: controversiarum ac dissensionis, Caes.: offensarum, Tac.: oblivisci sui non sinere (v. einer Gabe), Sen.: o nimium nimiumque oblite tuorum, Ov.: meminens naturae et professionis oblitus, Sidon. epist. 4, 12, 1. – m. Acc. rei, iniurias, Cic.: haec tam crebra Etruriae concilia, Liv.: velut aliquid oblitus, als hätte er etwas vergessen (mitzunehmen), Liv.: ut alia obliviscar, anderes zu vergessen (als Parenthese), Cic. – m. Acc. pers., semet, Acc. tr. 190: Ulixem, ibid. 488: deum, Vulg. psalm. 49, 22; Baruch 4, 8: oblitusque meorum obliviscendus et illis, Hor. ep. 1, 11, 9. – m. folg. Infin., et nescio qui tibi sum oblitus hodie ac volui dicere, Ter.: ne obliviscar vigilare, Cic.: quod scribere oblitus es, Cic.: quod auspicari esset oblitus, Cic.: paene est oblita tollere, sie hätte beinahe vergessen, Ov.: obliti de natali suo edicere, Suet.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., obliviscor Roscium et Cluvium esse viros primarios, Cic.: oblitus se paulo ante defensum (esse) ab illo, Sen. rhet.: oblitus tot civium animas trahere se in casum, Curt.: neu patruum sibi Othonem fuisse aut oblivisceretur umquam aut nimium meminisset, Tac. hist. 2,

————

48 extr. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, haud obliti, in qua urbe, inter quos simus, quali praeside ac rege spoliati, Curt.: etiam in scriptis obliviscebatur, quid paulo ante posuisset, Cic.: prae metu obliti, quid relinquerent, quid secum ferrent, Liv.: oblitus, quam caducis confideret, Sen. – v. Lebl., poma degenerant sucos oblita priores, Verg.: absol., oblito pectore, Catull.: obliviscentia saecla, die vergeßlichen, Catull.: oblito palato, Ov. – refl., oblivisci sui, sich vergessen = α) nichts von sich wissen, bei Lebzeiten = nicht daran denken, in welcher Zeit man lebe, Tac. dial. 2 (Andresen »aus sich, aus seinem Wesen heraustreten«): nach dem Tode, Sen. Herc. fur. 292 (296). – β) sich nicht besinnen, nicht recht die Gedanken beisammen haben, Ter. eun. 306. – γ) sich vergessen = seiner Würde uneingedenk sein, non oblita Iuno sui, Val. Flacc. 3, 664 sq. – II) übtr., etw. vergessen = etw. aus den Augen setzen, consuetudinis suae, Cic.: paterni generis, Cic.: feritatis ingenitae, Liv.: pudoris, Ov.: oblitus nugarum, Scherz beiseite lassend, keinen Spaß verstehend, Sen. u. Petron.: oblivisci sui, sich selbst (seinem Charakter) untreu werden, seiner Gewohnheit nicht gemäß handeln, Cic. Phil. 2, 10; ep. 9, 12, 1. Verg. Aen. 3, 629. – m. Acc., cultum oblitus es, Caecil. com. 61. – m. Infin., obliti sunt Romae loquier linguā Latinā, Naev. fr. b. Gell. 1, 24, 2. – ⇒ Passiv, adoptivae fa-

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miliae obliviscuntur, Paul. dig. 23, 2, 60. § 3. – öfter Partiz. oblītus, Verg., Val. Max. u.a. – Metaplast. Fut. obliviscebor, Itala (Psalt. Veron.) psalm. 118, 16. – Partiz. oblīvītus, Commodian. instr. 1, 27, 8. – Nbf. oblīscor, wovon obliscar, Acc. tr. 488 u. parag. Infin. Präs. obliscier, Acc. tr. 190 u. Partiz. Fut. Pass. obliscendus, Plaut. mil. 1359 Leo.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > obliviscor

88 Roma

Rōma, ae, f. (etrusk. Ursprunges), Rom, die Hauptstadt von Latium in Italien, dann des ganzen Römischen Reiches, im Jahre 753 (od. 754) v. Chr. am linken Tiberufer gegründet, Varro r. r. 3, 1, 2. Cic. de rep. 2, 18: als Göttin in einem besonderen Tempel verehrt, Liv. 43, 6, 5. Tac. ann. 4, 37. Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 1422; 5, 18 u.a. – ⇒ archaist. Genet. Romai, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 54; 1441, 12. – Dav.: A) Rōmānus, a, um, 1) zu Rom gehörig, in-, aus Rom, römisch, civis Romanus, Romana, Cic.: mulieres, Gell.: homo, ein Römer (im Ggstz. zu den Griechen), Cic.: vir, Sen.: populus, Cic.: gens, Augustin.: urbs, Rom, Liv.: Iuno, die von den Römern auf römische Art verehrte, Cic.: ludi, die ältesten Spiele Roms (auch ludi magni u. maximi gen.), Cic. u.a.: bellum, Liv.: mores, Sen.: studia, Sen.: scriptor historiae Romanae, Hieron.: Romano more, auf römische Art, auf gut römisch = aufrichtig, ohne Umschweife, gerade heraus, loqui, commendare, Cic.: u. so Romanā simplicitate loqui, Mart.: minime arte Romanā, Liv.: minime Romani ingenii homo, Liv. (s. M. Müller Liv. 1, 53, 4): Romanum est (es ist Römerart) m. folg. Infin., et facere et pati fortia Romanum est, Liv. 2, 12, 10. – subst., a) Rōmānus, ī, m., α) im Sing. teils kollektiv = die Römer, wie Liv. 2, 27, 1; 8, 3, 1; teils prägn., der Römer = der röm. Feldherr, wie Liv. 21, 59, 5

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(s. dazu Fabri mehr Beisp. für beide Fälle): u. so Romanus sedendo vincit, v. O. Fabius Maximus, Varro r. r. 1, 2, 2. – β) im Plur., Romani, die Römer, Cic. u.a. – b) Rōmāna, ae, f., eine Römerin, Liv. 1, 26, 4: Lucretia, vetus Romana, Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 19, 1: Plur., Vell. 2, 75, 3. – c) Rōmāna, ōrum, n., α) das Römische = das römische Gebiet, Danubius Sarmatica ac Romana disterminet, Sen. nat. qu. prol. § 8. – β) das Römische = römische Geschichte, Romana cognoscere, Sen. ad Marc. 1, 3. – 2) im weiteren Sinne = lateinisch, lingua, Ov., Vell., Plin. ep. u.a.: verba, sermo, litterae, auctores, Quint.: oratio plane Romana, non civitate donata, Quint.: non minima pars Romani stili (v. Asinius Pollio), Vall. Max.; vgl. Herbst Quint. 10, 1, 85 u. bes. Krebs-Schmalz Antib.⁷ unter Romanus. – Adv. Rōmānē, römisch, auf gut römisch (Romano more, s. vorher), Gell. 13, 21, 2. – B) Rōmānēnsis, s. unter Romaniensis. – C) Rōmānia, ae, f., das römische Weltreich, Possid. vit. Augustin. 30. Ps. Augustin. app. epist. 4. Oros. 3, 20, 11 u. 7, 43, 5. Ven. Fort. carm. 6, 4, 7. – D) Rōmānicus, a, um, römisch, in Rom gemacht, aratra, iuga, Cato r. r. 135, 2. – E) Rōmānulus, a, um (Demin. v. Romanus), römisch, porta, ein Tor in Rom unterhalb der westlichen Spitze des palatinischen Hügels, Varro LL. 5, 164. Vgl. Jordan Topographie Roms 1, 1. S. 176. – F) Rōmāniēnsis, e, rö-

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misch, Cato r. r. 162 in. Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 3416 u. 14, 2213: andere Form Rōmānēnsis, Varro LL. 8, 33. Paul. ex Fest. 61, 1. Corp. inscr. Lat. 11, 3936 u. 12, 1920. – G) Rōmilius, a, um, romilisch, tribus, Varro LL. u. Cic. – H) Rōmānitās, ātis, f., die römische Art, das Römertum, Tert. de pall. 4 in.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > Roma

89 Asper

1.
asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:
aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;
aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
I.
1.. Lit.:
lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:
mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:
in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;
lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:
tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.
Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:
loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:
viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:
vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:
glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:
hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;
and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):
aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:
Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:
signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:
stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):
Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:
aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:
ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:
balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:
cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:
nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:
mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:
barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:
sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:
rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:
mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
2.
Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:
quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
3.
Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:
latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:
aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:
propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:
per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:
erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:
asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—
II.
Transf.
1.
Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:
asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:
asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;
quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:
asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:
acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
2.
Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:
(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;
virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:
duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
3.
Of smell, sharp, pungent:
herba odoris asperi,
Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
III.
Trop.
A.
a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):
quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:
orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:
aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:
juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:
patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:
rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:
cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:
asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:
(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:
Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:
asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:
aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:
accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):
(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:
(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:
Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:
gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:
virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
b.
Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:
(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:
bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:
ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:
lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:
ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:
tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:
(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—
B.
Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):
in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:
venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:
bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:
pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:
fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:
odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:
multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:
asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:
verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:
vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
a.
Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
b.
Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
1.
Transf.:
loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:
dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:
syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—
2.
Trop.:
aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:
aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:
aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:
aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:
aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:
asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:
asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:
asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:
asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:
asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.
2.
Asper, eri, m.
I.
A cognomen of L. Trebonius:
L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
II.
Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

90 asper

1.
asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:
aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;
aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
I.
1.. Lit.:
lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:
mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:
in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;
lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:
tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.
Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:
loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:
viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:
vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:
glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:
hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;
and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):
aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:
Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:
signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:
stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):
Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:
aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:
ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:
balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:
cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:
nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:
mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:
barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:
sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:
rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:
mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
2.
Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:
quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
3.
Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:
latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:
aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:
propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:
per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:
erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:
asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—
II.
Transf.
1.
Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:
asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:
asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;
quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:
asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:
acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
2.
Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:
(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;
virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:
duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
3.
Of smell, sharp, pungent:
herba odoris asperi,
Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
III.
Trop.
A.
a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):
quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:
orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:
aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:
juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:
patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:
rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:
cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:
asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:
(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:
Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:
asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:
aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:
accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):
(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:
(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:
Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:
gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:
virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
b.
Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:
(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:
bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:
ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:
lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:
ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:
tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:
(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—
B.
Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):
in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:
venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:
bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:
pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:
fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:
odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:
multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:
asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:
verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:
vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
a.
Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
b.
Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
1.
Transf.:
loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:
dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:
syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—
2.
Trop.:
aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:
aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:
aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:
aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:
aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:
asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:
asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:
asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:
asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:
asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.
2.
Asper, eri, m.
I.
A cognomen of L. Trebonius:
L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
II.
Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

91 asperum

1.
asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:
aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;
aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
I.
1.. Lit.:
lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:
mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:
in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;
lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:
tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.
Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:
loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:
viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:
vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:
glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:
hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;
and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):
aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:
Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:
signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:
stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):
Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:
aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:
ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:
balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:
cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:
nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:
mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:
barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:
sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:
rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:
mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
2.
Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:
quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
3.
Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:
latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:
aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:
propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:
per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:
erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:
asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—
II.
Transf.
1.
Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:
asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:
asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;
quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:
asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:
acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
2.
Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:
(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;
virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:
duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
3.
Of smell, sharp, pungent:
herba odoris asperi,
Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
III.
Trop.
A.
a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):
quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:
orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:
aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:
juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:
patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:
rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:
cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:
asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:
(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:
Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:
asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:
aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:
accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):
(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:
(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:
Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:
gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:
virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
b.
Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:
(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:
bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:
ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:
lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:
ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:
tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:
(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—
B.
Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):
in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:
venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:
bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:
pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:
fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:
odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:
multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:
asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:
verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:
vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
a.
Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
b.
Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
1.
Transf.:
loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:
dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:
syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—
2.
Trop.:
aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:
aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:
aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:
aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:
aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:
asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:
asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:
asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:
asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:
asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.
2.
Asper, eri, m.
I.
A cognomen of L. Trebonius:
L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
II.
Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperum

92 consto

con-sto, stĭti, stātum (constātūrus, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 3; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; Luc. 2, 17; Mart. 10, 41, 5; Lact. Opif. Dei, 7, 11), 1, v. n.
I.
To stand together, stand with some person or thing.
A.
Lit. (very rare):
constant, conserunt sermones inter se drapetae,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 11.—
B.
Trop., to stand with, to agree with, be in accord or agreement, to correspond, fit.
1.
With cum and abl. (cf. consisto, II. B. 3.):
considerabit, constetne oratio aut cum re aut ipsa secum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 45:
sententiā non constare cum superioribus et inferioribus sententiis, etc.,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14.—
2.
Absol.:
veri similis narratio erit, si spatia temporum, personarum dignitates, consiliorum rationes, locorum opportunitates constabunt,
Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16.—
3.
With dat.:
si humanitati tuae constare voles,
Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1.—And esp. with sibi, to agree, accord with itself, to remain like one's self, be consistent:
in Oppianico sibi constare et superioribus consentire judiciis debuerunt,
Cic. Clu. 22, 60; so,
with consentire,
id. Univ. 3 init.; id. Fin. 2, 11, 35:
ut constare in vitae perpetuitate possimus nobismetipsis nec in ullo officio claudicare,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119; so,
sibi (opp. titubare),
Quint. 5, 7, 11:
sibi et rei judicatae,
Cic. Clu. 38, 106:
sibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 16; id. A. P. 127; cf.:
constat idem omnibus sermo,
Liv. 9, 2, 3.—
4.
In the phrase ratio constat, mercantile t. t., the account agrees or is correct, is or proves right:
auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est,
Cic. Fl. 28, 69:
quibus ratio impensarum constaret,
was correct, accurately kept, Suet. Ner. 30.—
(β).
In postAug. prose, esp. in the younger Pliny, transf. from the sphere of business:
mirum est, quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 5, 16; 3, 18, 10; 2, 4, 4; 7, 6, 4; id. Pan. 38, 4; Just. praef. § 5: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio [p. 439] constet, quam si uni reddatur, Tac. A. 1, 6 fin. —
II.
With the access. idea of firmness, to stand firm, to remain immovable, unchanging, steadfast, to abide, last, endure, persevere, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and styles).
A.
In gen.:
prius quam totis viribus fulta constaret hostium acies,
Liv. 3, 60, 9; cf.:
nec pugna deinde illis constare,
id. 1, 30, 10:
ut non color, non vultus ei constaret,
id. 39, 34, 7; cf.:
valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit,
Suet. Calig. 50; and:
dum sanitas constabit,
Phaedr. 4, 24, 30:
non mentibus solum consipere, sed ne auribus quidem atque oculis satis constare poterant,
Liv. 5, 42, 3; cf.:
in ebrietate lingua non constat,
Sen. Ep. 83, 27:
mente vix constare,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; cf. Liv. 8, 19, 6; 44, 20, 7:
quā in sententia si constare voluissent,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 36 fin.:
numerus legionum constat,
id. ib. 7, 35:
ceteris exercitibus constare fidem,
Tac. H. 2, 96:
utrimque fides constitit,
kept their word, Liv. 37, 32, 13; 2, 13, 9.— Poet.: cum sint huc forsitan illa, Haec translata illuc;
summā tamen omnia constant,
i. e. the principal sum remains always the same, Ov. M. 15, 258:
postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno,
every thing continues in unbroken serenity, Verg. A. 3, 518:
constitit in nullā qui fuit ante color,
Ov. A. A. 1, 120.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Milit. t. t., to stop, halt: multitudinem procul hostium constare videtur, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 273, 4.—
2.
Of facts, reports, etc., to be established, settled, certain, manifest, evident, well known:
quae cum constent, perspicuum debet esse, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
eorum quae constant exempla ponemus, horum quae dubia sunt, exempla adferemus, id. mv 1, 38, 68: quod nihil nobis constat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 5:
cum et factum constet et nomen, qualia sint vocatur in dubium,
Cic. Part. Or. 12, 42; cf.:
cum factum constat, sed a quo sit factum in controversiam venit,
Quint. 7, 2, 8; and impers., with acc. and inf.:
mihi multa agitanti constabat, paucorum civium egregiam virtutem cuncta patravisse,
Sall. C. 53, 4; cf.:
quod omnibus constabat, hiemari in Gallia oportere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 29 fin., and Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—
b.
Constat (constabat, constabit, etc., it is settled, established, undisputed, certain, well known, etc.), Cic. Mil. 6, 14; id. Quint. 29, 89; Caes. B. G. 3, 6; 3, 9 al.; Ov. M. 7, 533; Quint. 4, 2, 90 et saep.—So freq.: constat inter omnes, with acc. and inf., all agree, all are convinced:
sed tum nimis inter omnis constabat neminem esse resalutatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106:
quae propositio in se quiddam continet perspicuum et quod constare inter omnis necesse est, hanc velle approbare et firmare nihil attinet,
in which all must agree, id. Inv. 1, 36, 62 dub. (B. and K. stare); Caes. B. G. 7, 44; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 8 et saep.; cf.
also: constare inter homines sapientissimos (for which, just after: omnium consensu sic esse judicatum),
Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 3:
inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 7, 47:
inter augures, Liv 10, 6, 7 et saep.: cum de Magio constet,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3; cf.:
de facto constat,
Quint. 7, 2, 7; so with de, id. 7, 2, 11; 4, 2, 5:
etsi non satis mihi constiterat, cum aliquāne animi mei molestiā an potius, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 1:
nec satis certum constare apud animum poterat, utrum, etc.,
Liv. 30, 28, 1:
quid cuique sit opus constare decet,
Quint. 3, 9, 8; so id. 3, 8, 25:
quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat. A quo? At patet,
Cic. Mil. 6, 15; so absol., id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—
3.
Of a resolve.
(α).
Impers.: mihi (ei) constat, = certum est, it is my ( his) fixed determination, I am determined, I am fully resolved (rare): mihi quidem constat, nec meam contumeliam, nec meorum ferre, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 42:
neque satis Bruto neque tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,
were undecided, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:
ut nihil ei constet quod agat,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 35.—
(β).
With the resolve as subject:
animo constat sententia,
Verg. A. 5, 748:
cum constitit consilium,
when my mind was fully made up, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1.—
4.
In gen., as opp. to that which has no existence, to exist, be, abide (esp. in Lucr.):
(corpora) quoniam fragili naturā praedita constant,
Lucr. 1, 582; 1, 246; 1, 510 et saep.:
antiquissimi fere sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent,
Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 93; id. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: qui sine manibus et pedibus constare deum posse decreverunt, id. N. D. 1, 33, 92:
si ipsa mens constare potest vacans corpore,
id. ib. 1, 10, 25.—
5.
With ex, in, de, or the abl. (in Cic. only with ex; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 8, 19), to consist in or of, to be composed of, to rest upon something, etc.
(α).
With ex (very freq. in prose and poetry):
fulminis ignem e parvis constare figuris,
Lucr. 2, 385:
homo ex animo constat et corpore,
Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 98;
id. Fin. l. l.: simplex (jus) e dulci constat olivo,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 64:
ea virtus, quae constat ex hominibus tuendis,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 157 et saep.—
(β).
With in and abl. (very rare):
victoriam in earum cohortium virtute constare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 89 fin.; Nep. Att. 14 fin. —
* (γ).
With de:
partus duplici de semine,
Lucr. 4, 1229.—
(δ).
With abl. (freq. in Lucr. and Quint.):
aeterno quia constant semine quaeque,
Lucr. 1, 221; 1, 484; 1, 518 et saep.:
agri campis, vineis, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 5:
constat tota oratio longioribus membris, brevioribus periodis,
Quint. 9, 4, 134; 5, 10, 63 et saep.:
causa constat aut unius rei controversiā aut plurium,
id. 3, 10, 1. omnis disciplina memoriā, id. 11, 2, 1. omne jus aut scripto aut moribus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.—
6.
Mercantile t. t., like our phrase, to stand at, i. e. to cost; constr. with abl.. gen., etc., of price (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 444).
a.
Lit.
(α).
With abl.:
ut unae quadrigae Romae constiterint quadringentis milibus,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14; Suet. Vit. 19:
filius auro,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 57:
navis gratis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48 (al. stare):
HS. sex milibus tibi constant,
id. ib. 2, 4, 12, §
28: tanto nobis deliciae,
Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84:
magno tibi,
Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 4:
parvo,
Pall. Febr. 9, 12; cf.
gratis,
Sen. Ep. 104, 34; Aug. Serm. 385, 6.—
(β).
With gen.:
(ambulatiuncula) prope dimidio minoris constabit isto loco,
Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; Suet. Ner. 27 fin.:
quanti funus,
id. Vesp. 19; Juv. 7, 45.—
(γ).
With adv.: quod mihi constat carius, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 272, 25; so,
vilissime,
Col. 9, 1. 6.—
(δ).
With sup.:
cujus area super HS. millies constitit,
Suet. Caes. 26.—
b.
Trop.:
edocet, quanto detrimento et quot virorum fortium morte necesse sit constare victoriam,
Caes. B. G. 7, 19:
odia constantia magno,
Ov. H. 7, 47:
imperia pretio quolibet constant bene,
Sen. Phoen. 664.—Hence, constans, antis, P. a. (acc. to II. 1.), standing firm, firm, unchangeable, constant, immovable, uniform, fixed, stable, invariable (freq. and class.).
A.
Lit.:
mellis constantior est natura (sc. quam aquae),
Lucr. 3, 192:
constans uva contra tenorem unum algoris aestusve,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 27:
cujus in indomito constantior inguine nervus, Quam nova arbor, etc.,
Hor. Epod. 12, 19:
cursus certi et constantes,
Cic. N. D. 3, 9, 24; cf.:
constans reversio stellarum (with conveniens),
id. ib. 2, 21, 54:
constantissimus motus lunae,
id. Div. 2, 6, 17:
nihil (mundo) motu constantius,
id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; 2, 21, 54:
constanti vultu graduque,
Liv. 5, 46, 3: aetas, the mature age (of an adult), Cic. Sen. 10, 33; cf.:
constans aetas, quae media dicitur,
id. ib. 20, 76:
aetate nondum constanti,
Suet. Galb. 4:
pax,
firm, secure, Liv. 6, 25, 6:
fides,
Hor. C. 3, 7, 4:
an ire comminus et certare pro Italiā constantius foret,
safer, Tac. H. 3, 1. —
b.
Agreeing or accordant with itself, consistent, harmonious:
quemadmodum in oratione constanti, sic in vitā omnia sint apta inter se et convenientia,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144:
nihil intellego dici potuisse constantius,
id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:
incredibilia an inter se constantia,
Quint. 5, 4, 2:
rumores,
Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1:
constans parum memoria hujus anni,
Liv. 10, 37, 13:
constans fama erat,
Suet. Caes. 6; so,
opinio,
id. Tib. 39; id. Vesp. 4 al.—
B.
Trop., intellectually or morally certain, sure, steadfast, constant, faithful, steady, unchanging:
firmi et stabiles et constantes amici,
Cic. Lael. 17, 62; cf. Nep. Lys. 2, 2:
quem hominem? Levem? imo gravissimum. Mobilem? imo constantissimum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49; cf. opp. varium, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 48 Spald.:
pater amens at is quidem fuit omnium constantissimus,
a very constant, steadfast man, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 41; cf.:
prudens et constans (testis),
Quint. 5, 7, 26; and under adv.:
(Helvidius Priscus) recti pervicax, constans adversus metus,
Tac. H. 4, 5 fin.:
constans Fortuna tantum in levitate suā,
Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 18; cf.: neque fidei constans, neque strenuus in perfidiā, Tac. H. 3, 57:
constantior In vitiis, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 18.— Adv.: constanter.
1.
(Acc. to A.) Firmly, immovably, steadily, constantly:
manere in suo statu,
Cic. Univ. 13: constanter ac perpetuo placet consilium, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 9:
vitiis gaudere constanter,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:
ut maneamus in perspicuis firmius et constantius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 45.— Sup.:
impetus caeli constantissime conficiens vicissitudinis anniversarias,
Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97.—
b.
Harmoniously, evenly, uniformly, consistently:
constanter et aequaliter ingrediens oratio,
Cic. Or. 58, 198:
sibi constanter convenienterque dicere,
id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. ib. 5, 9, 24; in comp., id. ib. 5, 9, 25; in sup., id. ib. 5, 8, 23; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; so,
hi constanter omnes nuntiaverunt,
with one voice, unanimously, Caes. B. G. 2, 2:
aequabilius atque constantius sese res humanae haberent,
Sall. C. 2, 3:
aequabilius atque constantius regere provincias,
Tac. A. 15, 21 fin. —
2.
(Acc. to B.) Steadily, calmly, tranquilly, sedately:
constanter ac non trepide pugnare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25; cf.
agere, Auct. B. Afr. 84: proelium inire,
Suet. Vesp. 4; id. Tib. 19:
constanter et sedate ferre dolorem,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:
constanter et libere se gerere,
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
constanter prudenterque fit,
id. Tusc. 4, 6, 12:
constanter delata beneficia (with judicio, considerate, and opp. repentino quodam impetu),
id. Off. 1, 15, 49.— Comp.:
cetera exsequi,
Suet. Aug. 10:
acrius quam constantius proelium inire,
Curt. 4, 6, 14.— Sup.:
amicitias retinere,
Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consto

93 excido

1.
ex-cĭdo, cĭdi, 3, v. n. [cado], to fall out or down, to fall from (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.: quod (animal) cum ex utero elapsum excidit, Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128:
sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur,
id. Att. 9, 10, 3:
gladii de manibus exciderunt,
id. Pis. 9 fin.; cf. id. Phil. 12, 3, 8; id. Cat. 1, 6 fin.;
for which also: inter manus (urna),
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 22; and:
a digitis (ansa),
Ov. H. 16, 252:
Palinurus exciderat puppi,
Verg. A. 6, 339; cf.
arce,
Ov. F. 5, 34:
equis,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1164:
num qui nummi exciderunt, here, tibi, quod sic terram Obtuere?
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 17; cf. id. Cist. 4, 2, 8; id. Merc. 3, 1, 44; id. Poen. 1, 2, 48:
volvae excidunt,
Plin. 36, 21, 39, § 151.— Poet.:
ita vinclis Excidet aut in aquas tenues dilapsus abibit,
will slip out of the fetters, Verg. G. 4, 410:
in flumen (elephanti, sc. e rate),
Liv. 21, 28 fin.:
cum Herculis pertractanti arma sagitta excidisset in pedem,
Plin. 25, 6, 30, § 66:
ante pedes (lingua resecta),
Ov. Ib. 536.—
B.
In partic., of a lot, to fall of come out (very rare):
ut cujusque sors exciderat,
Liv. 21, 42, 3;
and hence, transf.: nominibus in urnam conjectis, citari quod primum sorte nomen excidit,
id. 23, 3, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to fall out involuntarily, fall from, slip out, escape:
verbum ex ore alicujus,
Cic. Sull. 26; cf.:
vox excidit ore: Venisti tandem, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 686:
tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore?
id. ib. 2, 658; cf.:
scelus ore tuo,
Ov. M. 7, 172:
quod verbum tibi non excidit, ut saepe fit, fortuito,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2 fin.; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 23; 7, 2, 52; 9, 4, 41 al.:
libellus me imprudente et invito excidit,
escaped me without my knowledge or desire, Cic. de Or. 1, 21; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 5:
vox horrenda per auras excidit,
Verg. A. 9, 113:
et pariter vultusque deo plectrumque colorque Excidit,
Ov. M. 2, 602; cf. id. ib. 4, 176:
ut quodammodo victoria e manibus excideret,
Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:
(versus) qui in breves excidunt,
i. e. which close, terminate, Quint. 9, 4, 106.— Poet.: in vitium libertas excidit, qs. falls away, sinks, = delabitur, Hor. A. P. 282.—
B.
In partic.
* 1.
To dissent, differ from any one's opinion: ego ab Archilocho excido, Lucil. ap. Non. 301, 18.—
2.
To pass away, be lost, perish, disappear:
neque enim verendum est, ne quid excidat aut ne quid in terram defluat,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:
primo miser excidit aevo,
Prop. 3, 7, 7 (4, 6, 7 M.):
nec vera virtus, cum semel excidit, etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 30:
at non ingenio quaesitum nomen ab aevo Excidet,
Prop. 3, 2, 24 (4, 1, 64 M.):
excidit omnis luctus,
Ov. M. 8, 448:
ne Tarentinae quidem arcis excidit memoria,
Liv. 27, 3 fin.; cf. the foll.—Esp.
b.
To fail, faint, swoon, lose one's self:
excidit illa metu, rupitque novissima verba,
Ov. A. A. 1, 5, 39; cf.: ut scias quemadmodum nunquam excidam mihi, lose control of myself (through drink), Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 1:
quis me dolori reddit? quam bene excideram mihi!
Sen. Hippol. 589 sq. —
c.
To slip out, escape from the memory:
excidere de memoria,
Liv. 29, 19 fin.:
exciderat pacis mentio ex omnium animis,
id. 34, 37; cf.
animo,
Verg. A. 1, 26; Ov. H. 20, 188;
and pectore,
id. Pont. 2, 4, 24:
o miram memoriam, Pomponi, tuam! at mihi ista exciderant,
Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 46; so with dat.:
quae cogitatio, cum mihi non omnino excidisset, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 13, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 7; Quint. 4, 5, 4; 10, 1, 75; Prop. 3 (4), 24, 20; 4 (5), 7, 15 et saep.; cf. with a subjectclause:
non excidit mihi, scripsisse me, etc.,
Quint. 2, 3, 10.— Absol.:
quid? non haec varietas mira est, excidere proxima, vetera inhaerere? hesternorum immemores acta pueritiae recordari,
id. 11, 2, 6; 1, 12, 6; 4, 2, 91; 4, 5, 2; cf. with inf. clause:
si calore dicendi vitare id excidisset,
id. 11, 3, 130; and with ut:
excidit, ut peterem, etc.,
i. e. I forgot to beg, Ov. M. 14, 139.—Rarely transf. to the person:
excidens,
who forgets, forgetful, Quint. 11, 2, 19:
palam moneri excidentis est,
id. 11, 3, 132.—
3.
(Ex) aliquā re, of persons, to be deprived of, to lose, miss, forfeit (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.;
in Cic. not at all): ex familia,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104:
uxore,
to be disappointed of, Ter. And. 2, 5, 12:
regno,
Curt. 10, 5:
quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis,
failed in a great attempt, Ov. M. 2, 328; cf.:
fine medicinae,
Quint. 2, 17, 25:
genere,
id. 1, 5, 16: qui apud privatos judices plus petendo formula excidissent, i. e. who lost their suits (for the usual cadere formulā or [p. 677] causā;
v. cado, II.),
Suet. Claud. 14; Sen. Clem. 2, 3.
2.
ex-cīdo, īdi, īsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut out or off, to hew out, to cut or hew down (class.).
I.
Lit.:
lapides e terra,
Cic. Off. 2, 3 fin.:
omnes arbores longe lateque,
Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 1; cf.:
excisa enim est arbor, non evulsa,
Cic. Att. 15, 4, 2: exciditur ilex (with percellunt magnas quercus), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. 194 ed. Vahl.):
arborem e stirpe,
Dig. 43, 27, 1:
ericium,
Caes. B. C. 3, 67 fin.:
radicem,
Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 82:
columnas rupibus,
Verg. A. 1, 428; cf.:
rubos arvis,
Quint. 9, 4, 5: linguam alicui, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1 fin.:
partum mulieri,
Dig. 11, 8, 2:
os,
Cels. 8, 3:
virilitatem,
i. e. to castrate, geld, Quint. 5, 12, 17;
for which also, se,
Ov. F. 4, 361; cf. Dig. 48, 8, 4 fin.:
vias per montes,
Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 125:
latus rupis in antrum,
Verg. A. 6, 42; cf.:
vasa anaglypta in asperitatem,
i. e. wrought with raised figures, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139: exciderat eum (sc. obeliscum) rex, majusque opus in devehendo statuendove multo quam in excidendo, i. e. cut out in the quarry, Plin. 36, 8, 14, § 67; absol., id. ib. § 65.—
B.
Transf., in gen., to raze, demolish, lay waste, destroy:
qui domos inimicorum suorum oppugnavit, excidit, incendit,
Cic. Sest. 44:
Numantiam,
id. Off. 1. 22, 76; cf.
Trojam,
Verg. A. 2, 637:
urbem,
id. ib. 12, 762:
oppida,
Lact. 1, 18, 8:
Germaniam,
Vell. 2, 123 fin.:
agrum,
id. 2, 115:
exercitum,
i. e. to cut to pieces, annihilate, id. 2, 120, 3.—
II.
Trop., to extirpate, remove, banish:
aliquid ex animo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43; cf.:
iram animis, Sen. de Ira, 3, 1: aliquem numero civium,
Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excido

94 consto

cōn-sto, stitī, stātūrus, āre

1) стоять твёрдо (неподвижно), удерживаться (acies constat L); оставаться неизменным, одинаковым (cuncta caelo constat sereno V); застаиваться ( aqua constat Cato)

c. in sententiā C — оставаться при своём мнении

color ei non constat L — он меняется в лице

valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constītit Su — он не сохранил ни телесного, ни душевного здоровья

c. mente C etc. — владеть своим рассудком (быть в своём уме) или сохранять душевное равновесие

ne auribus atque oculis c. posse L — утратить ясность слуха и зрения

in ebrietate lingua non constat Sen — в состоянии опьянения не владеют языком

numcrus legionum constat Cs — число легионов осталось прежнее (не изменилось)

fides ceteris constĭtit T — прочие сохранили верность (остались верными)

2) останавливаться, застывать, замерзать ( flumina constiterunt gelu acuto H)

3) согласоваться ( cum aliqua re или alicui rei)

video adhuc constare omnia C — до сих пор всё, по-моему, согласуется друг с другом (т. е. свободно от противоречий)

constat idem omnibus sermo L — говорят одно и то же

c. sibi C, O, H — не противоречить самому себе (быть последовательным)

c. humanitati suae C — не изменять (оставаться верным) своему человеческому достоинству

ratio constat C — счёт верен

quae quum constent C — поскольку это установлено, т. е. исходя из этого

4) быть известным, не подлежать сомнению ( et factum et nomen constat C)

c. res incipit ex illo tempore (quod) L — тогда выяснилось (что)

5) impers.

constat C etc. — известно ( de aliqua re Q)

satis constat и constītit T — хорошо известно

constat mihi (omnibus) C, Cs etc. — мне (всем) известно

nihil nobis constat Cs — нам ничего (достоверно) не известно

constat inter omnes Nep — общеизвестно

constat apud animum или constat mihi (aliquid facere) C etc. — я твёрдо решился

Bruto non satis constabat, quid ageret Cs — Брут колебался, как поступить

6) состоять (из чего-л. или в чём-л.) (aliqua re или ex, de C, Nep etc., редко in aliquā re Cs, Nep; c. ex animo et corpore C)

constat materies solido corpore Lcr — материя состоит из твёрдого тела (представляет собою твёрдое тело)

victoria constat in legionum virtute Cs — победа зависит от доблести легионов

eloquentia ex bene dicendi scientiā constat C — красноречие заключается в искусстве хорошо говорить

7) стоить ( illa res constat quadringentis milibus C)

parvo c. Sen — стоить дёшево

dimidio minoris c. C — стоить вдвое дешевле

c. magno PJ — дорого стоить

constat tanti PJ и tanto PM — столько стоит

parvo fames constat Sen — утолить голод стоит недорого

hoc constat gratis Sen — это ничего не стоит

tanto detrimento illa victoria constitit Cs — эта победа нанесла такой ущерб (обошлась так дорого)

8) редко существовать, сохраняться (в наличии) (si mens c. potest vacans corpore C)

litterae constant integrae C — буквы сохранились полностью

antiquissimi, quorum scripta constant C — самые древние (писатели), сочинения которых сохранились

Латинско-русский словарь > consto

95 fingo

fingo, fīnxī, fictum, ere ( altindisch dēgdhi, er bestreicht, verkittet, dēhī, der Damm, Wall, griech. τειχος, τοιχος für θειχος, θοιχος), I) eine Masse od. in einer Masse formen, gestalten, bilden, bildend schaffen, von Bildnern, die in Ton, Wachs, dann auch von solchen, die in bildsamen Stoffen übh. arbeiten, griech. πλάττειν, 1) eig.: a) eine Masse: ceras, Col. 9, 15, 7: molissimam ceram ad nostrum arbitrium formare et fingere, Cic. de or. 3, 177. – b) etw. in einer Masse, tegulas, Varro fr.: lateres, streichen, Plin.: panem, Sen.: spiram, Cato: liba, Varro LL.: pocula de humo, Ov.: alqd ex argilla, Plin.: absol., f. e cera, aus W. bossieren, Cic.: venuste pingere et fingere (modellieren), Amm. – insbes., v. Bildhauern, a Lysippo fingi volebat, Cic.: ars fingendi, Bildhauerkunst, Cic.: fingendi conditores, Plin.: imago ficta, Statue, Cic. – v. Tieren, favos (v. Bienen), Cic.: fingere et construere nidos (v. Vögeln), Cic.: lambendo mater (ursa) in artus fingit, Ov. (vgl. Gell. 17, 10, 3). – v. der Natur, natura fingit hominem, Cic.: natura humana fingit, gestaltet die menschl. Geschicke, Plaut. – poet. v. Dichter, versus, schaffen, Hor. de art. poët. 382. – v. der Seele, a qua (mente) is (vultus) fingitur, von dem (seinem Innern) jene (die Miene) ein Spiegel ist, Cic. Tusc. 3, 31. – 2) streichelnd betasten, sanft berühren, alci cervicem linteo, Afran. fr.: manus aegras manibus amicis, Ov.: corpora linguā, Ov. – 3) übtr.: a) umbilden, neubilden, vitam subito flecti fingique posse, Cic. Sull. 79; vgl. ibid. 69. – mit dopp. Acc., zu etwas schaffen, si miserum Fortuna Sinonem finxit, das Unglück zum armen Manne schuf, Verg. Aen. 2, 80. – b) im Geiste, in der Vorstellung sich ein Bild von etwas machen od. entwerfen, sich etwas denken, -vorstellen, etw. annehmen, träumen, sich einbilden, fingite animis... fingite igitur cogitatione imaginem huius condicionis meae, Cic.: homines antiqui, qui ex sua natura ceteros fingerent, nach der eigenen Sinnesart beurteilten, Cic.: sibi metum, Liv.: inanes sibi metus, Plin. ep. – m. dopp. Acc., quod si qui me astutiorem fingit, Cic. ep. 3, 8, 6: natura enim fingit homines et creat imitatores et narratores, Cic. de or. 2, 219. – mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., finge aliquem fieri sapientem, Cic.: cum mihi fingo uno nos animo futuros (esse), Sen.: eum te esse finge, qui sum ego, Cic.: fingerent (eum) mentitum (esse) ante, Liv.: f. datos (esse) currus, Ov.: m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Tibull. 2, 6, 51 sq.; vgl. Ov. met. 6, 491 sq.: absol., ne finge, denke das nicht, Verg. Aen. 4, 338. – c) ersinnen, erdichten, erlügen, vorgeben, nuptiarum gratiā haec, Ter.: ad senem aliquam fabricam, Ter.: quandam inter se fallaciam, Ter.: causas (Vorwände), Ov.: u. so fingere causas, ut etc., Tibull.: fingere causas, ne etc., Ter.: verba, täuschende Reden führen, Sall.: crimina, opprobria in alqm, Cic. u. Hor. (s. Schmid Hor. ep. 1, 15, 30). – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., (me) voluisse, Ov.: quem prodere rem Danaam finxit, gab ihm (fälschlich) Verrat an den Danaern schuld, Ov.: cum alii abesse eum, alii aegrum esse, falso utrumque, fingerent, Liv. – Partiz. fictus, erdichtet, erlogen, di, Cic.: vultus ficti simulatique, Cic.: ficta fabula, Cic.: narrationes, von den äsopischen Fabeln, Cic.: carmen, eitle Dichtung, Verg.: subst., fictum:, ī, n., etwas Erdichtetes, -Erlogenes, eine Erdichtung, Lüge, fictum pravumque, Lug und Trug, Verg.: mensura ficti, Ov.: cotidie aliquid de me ficti adferebat, Cic. Sest. 133: ficta rerum, Schnurrpfeifereien, Hor. sat. 2, 8, 83: ficta loqui, Ov. met. 1, 771 u. 8, 614: ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris, was du zur Lust dir ersinnst, sei möglichst ähnlich der Wahrheit, Hor. de art. poët. 338. – d) etwas erheucheln, fälschlich vorgeben, nihil fingam, nihil dissimulem, Cic.: fingere alia, dissimulare de coniuratione, Sall.: stultitiam, Suet.: fugam, Capit.: gratiam in odio (v. Philipp), Iustin.: expeditionem, Tac. – m. Acc. pers., f. benignum, den Gütigen erheucheln (spielen), sich gütig stellen, Spart. Car. 5, 2: u. m. dopp. Acc., sich so u. so stellen, bonos se ac liberales, Sen. de ben. 4, 17, 3: u. m. folg. Infin., ignorare fingit, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 306. – e) auf etw. sinnen, -denken, fugam, Plaut.: parricidia, vatermörderische Pläne schmieden, Sen.: profectionem, an die Abr. denken, Anstalten treffen zur usw., Iustin. – II) mit dem Nebenbegr. des Ordnens, Zurechtlegens, -machens, zurichten, zurechtmachen, -legen, zustutzen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: equum, Hor. ep. 1, 2, 64: vitem putando, Verg. georg. 2, 407. – b) als t. t. vom Ordnen der Frisur = ordnen, zurechtmachen, frisieren, manibus canas comas, Tibull.: toties positas comas, Ov.: crinem fronde premit fingens, Verg.: übtr., v. der Pers. selbst, ornari, poliri, expoliri, pingi, fingi (sich schniegeln), Plaut.: fingi curā mulierum, Phaedr.: se fingere alci (für jmd.), Ov. Vgl. die Auslgg. zu Phaedr. 2, 2, 8. – c) v. Mienenspiel usw., fingere vultum = eine freundliche Miene annehmen, liebäugeln, Ov. met. 4, 319; od. = eine ruhige, die Furcht verbergende Miene annehmen, seine Miene verstellen, Caes. b. G. 1, 39, 4; vgl. voltus quoque hominum fingit scelus, selbst die Gesichter der Menschen weiß er abzurichten, der Erzschelm, Ter. heaut. 887. – so auch ficto pectore fatur, spricht mit heuchelnder Seele, Verg. Aen. 2, 107. – dah. Partic. fictus, v. Pers. = verstellt, nicht aufrichtig, falsch, ein Heuchler, Hor. sat. 1, 3, 61. Plin. ep. 8, 18, 3. Capit. Albin. 12, 10: fuit vitā fictus, Spart. Pesc. 5, 1. – 2) übtr.: a) durch Unterricht usw. zustutzen, bilden, ausbilden (vgl. Ruhnk. Ter. heaut. 5, 1, 25. Drak. Sil. 1, 441), oratorem, vocem, Cic.: animos ( wie πλάττειν τὰς ψυχάς), ausbilden, Cic.: mentes orando, bearbeiten = nach seinen Absichten lenken, für sich gewinnen, Sil.: voce paternā fingi ad rectum, angeleitet werden zum usw., Hor.: mit Infin., fingit equum tenerā docilem cervice magister ire viam, Hor. ep. 1, 2, 64. – b) nach einem Muster einrichten, richten, se totum ad arbitrium alcis, Cic.: se ex forma rei publicae, seine Maßregeln nehmen nach usw., Cic. – / Partiz.-Form finctus, Ter. eun. 104. Avian. fab. 11, 4 Itala (Tolet.) sap. 7, 1. Itala (psalt. Veron. et Tolet.) sap. 10, 1. Commod. instr. 1, 18, 16. Interpr. Iren. 2, 14, 2. Not. Tir. 66, 25.

lateinisch-deutsches > fingo

96 hebes

hebes, hebetis, Abl. hebetī, stumpf (Ggstz. acutus), I) eig.: a) der Schneide nach: mucro (ensis), Ov.: machaera, Plaut.: gladius, Ov.: ferrum, Iuven.: secures, Iuven.: tela, Curt.: u. (im Bilde) non dubito, quin ea tela (Pfeile), quae coniecerit inimicus, quam ea, quae collega patris emisit, leviora atque hebetiora esse videantur, Cic. de har. resp. 2. – subst., hebetia, ium, n., stumpfe Gegenstände (Werkzeuge), Quint. 2, 12, 8. – b) der Gestalt nach, stumpf, abgestumpft, angulus, Gromat. vet. 41, 3: lunae et nascentis et senescentis alias hebetiora, alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Acad. 2. fr. 6: quo latiora (ossa scapularum) quāque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora, Cels. 8, 1. p. 326, 24 D. – c) der Wirkung nach: hebeti pectus tantummodo contudit ictu, versetzte der B. nur eine Duetschung, Ov. met. 12, 85.

II) übtr.: A) physisch stumpf, a) gleichs. der Schärfe nach, von den Sinnen u. Sinneswerkzeugen: sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur, Cic.: sensus oculorum atque aurium hebetes, Liv.: nec est ullus hebetior sensus in vobis (verst. quam sensus audiendi), Cic.: aures hebetiores (Ggstz. oculi acres atque acuti), Cic.: hebes acies oculorum, Cic., u. (im Zshg.) bl. acies hebes, Cels., hebetior, Suet.: hebes obtutus, Apul.: hebetes visus, Sen. poët.: uterque oculus naturā hebes, Plin.: oculi hebetes, Col. u. Plin., hebetiores, Plin. u. Suet. – graviter hebes sine voce, Ven. Fort. – b) der Empfindung nach, ohne Gefühl, unempfindlich, abgestorben, caro (tumoris, tuberculorum), wildes Fleisch, Cels. 7, 6 u. 7, 13: ossa gingivarum, Cels. 6, 15: cui torpet bebes locus ille, Ov. art. am. 3, 799: hebes os, appetitloser Mund, Ov. ex Pont. 1, 10, 7. – v. leb. Wesen, filius incessu tardus, sensu hebes, Plin. 7, 76. Solin, 1, 92. – c) der Tätigkeit nach, stumpf, träge, schwerfällig, ohne Geschick, α) v. Körper u. v. leb. Wesen: gracile corpus infirmum, obesum hebes est, Cels.: auster totum corpus efficit hebes, Cels.: in hebeti pigritia ferox, Apul. met. 8, 33. – v. leb. Wesen, hebes in voluptate (admissarius), nicht hitzig, Col.: hebes ad sustinendum laborem miles, Tac.: exercitus numero hominum amplior, sed hebes infirmusque, Sall. – β) v. der Rede: quasdam (litteras, Buchstaben) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus, Quint. 1, 11, 4: quod (spondeus) est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, Cic. or. 216. – v. Redner, hebes (schwerfällig) linguā, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 9, 1. – d) der physischen Wirkung nach, für den Gesichtssinn = matt, color (floris) non hebes, grelle, Ov.: hebes unitate surdā color (berylli), Plin.: carbunculus hebetior, Plin.: lux, Avien. Arat.: hebes vicinā nocte dies, Stat. – für den Geruchssinn = geruchlos, genus orsini hebes (Ggstz. odoratum), Plin. 21, 67. – für den Geschmackssinn = geschmacklos, fade, quamvis gustu non sit hebes (uva), Col. 3, 2, 24.

B) geistig stumpf, abgestumpft, a) der Schärfe nach = abgestumpft, stumpfsinnig, blödsichtig, blöde, dumm, α) v. Geiste usw.: ratio hebetem facit aciem ad contemplandas miserias, stumpft die Schärfe des Geistes ab für usw., Cic.: ad ulteriora non prospicit mens hebes, Sen.: id licet hinc quamvis hebeti cognoscere corde, mit halben Sinnen, Lucr.: adeo hebetis atque obtunsi cordis inter initia iuventae existimatus, ut etc., so blöde und stumpfsinnig, Val. Max.: hebeti ingenio esse, Cic.: hebeti ingenio atque nullo, stumpfsinnig, ja ganz geistlos, Cic.: ingenii esse tardi et hebetis (Ggstz. ingenii esse mobilis et erecti), Sen.: hebetiora ut sint hominum ingenia, Cic.: animo hebeti atque claudo pro exercito uti volunt, Ps. Sall. – v. Geisteskräften, hebes memoria, ein schwaches Gedächtnis (Ggstz. mem. acris, ein starkes G.), Cic. de or. 2, 357. – v. Zuständen, adulescentia bruta et hebes, Sen. de ben. 3, 37, 3 (4). – β) v. leb. Wesen: hebes et rudis, nec hebes nec rudis, Cic.: vecors et prope hebes, Aur. Vict.: homines hebetes (Ggstz. homines acuti, homines ingeniosi), Cic.: hebetes illi et supra modum tardi, Plin. ep.: animalium hebetissima, Plin.: me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt, Cic.: quod fortuitum fuisse, quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet, Tac.: aliud est in communi vita et vulgari hominum consuetudine (esse) nec hebetem nec rudem, Cic.: non est hebes ad id quod melius sit intellegendum, Cael. in Cic. ep. – b) der Tätigkeit nach, nicht tief eingehend, oberflächlich, oratio, Quint.: rhetorica interdum paulo hebetior, Cic.: ratio hebes, Plin. – c) der Empfindung nach: dolor hebes, kalte (nicht warme) Teilnahme, Cic. ad Att. 8, 3, 4. – / Arch. Akk. Sing. hebem, Caecil. com. 81. Enn. ann. 426 bei Charis. 132, 6: Abl. Sing. gew. hebetī; s. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 314 u. 315.

lateinisch-deutsches > hebes

97 infringo

īnfringo, frēgi, frāctum, ere (in u. frango), I) einbrechen, einknicken, mitten durch brechen, abbrechen, zerbrechen, zerknicken, 1) eig.: lilia, Ov.: cornu, abbrechen, Ov. (aber tibia infracto cornu, mit umgebogenem H., Ov.): palmam in manibus (bildl.), Curt.: hastam, Liv.: remum, Cic.: articulos od. manus, mit den Fingern knacken, Quint. u. Petron.: radii infracti resiliunt, Plin.: infringitur unda genibus, Val. Flacc. – 2) übtr.: a) physisch knicken, α) übh. brechen, schwächen, entkräften, rigorem frigidae (des kalten Wassers), Sen.: primum excursum vimque militum, Caes.: impetum, Tac.: exercitus virtutem, Tac.: alqm propemodum, zu Boden drücken, Cic.: annis et morbo infractior, Sulp. Sev. chron. 1, 38, 9. – β) die Zunge od. Stimme od. Töne brechen, infringitur lingua, die Z. stockt, Lucr.: infr. vocem, nur noch lallen, Sen. rhet. (infracta alcis vox, piepende, Gell.): voces infractae, lallendes Kosen, Arnob.: u. so almae nutricis blanda atque infracta loquela, lallendes Kosen, Lucr.: molles cantus et infracti (lallende), Sen. ep. 90, 19. – γ) den Rhythmus od. eine Periode der Rede gleichs. einknicken, brechen, kurz abbrechen, verstümmeln, numeros, Cic.: verborum ambitum, Cic.: u. oratio infracta, ein matter Vortrag (Ggstz. inflata), Sen.: Partiz. subst., infracta et amputata loquuntur, in kurz abgebrochenen u. verstümmelten Sätzen, Cic. – b) jmds. Herz (Gemüt, Mut) od. einen Affekt brechen, schwächen, entkräften, lähmen, sinken machen od. lassen, demütigen, entmutigen, alcis animum, Liv.: animos eorum, Liv.: spes alcis infringitur, Cic.: avaritia infringitur alqā re, Tac.: infractus furor tuus, Cic.: ira infracta constitit, Ov.: Partiz. v. der Pers., nec (Venus) Iovis imperio fatisque infracta (gebeugt, gedemütigt) quiescit, Verg.: numquam infractos et abiectos recessisse, gebrochenen und ganz niebergebeugten Mutes, Curt.: u. prägn. v. der Rede, oratio fuit summissa et infracta, war die eines Demütigen u. (an Mut) Gebrochenen, Liv. – c) einen polit. od. moral. Zustand usw. brechen, erschüttern, untergraben, vereiteln, α) übh.: Samnitium res, Liv.: alcis potentiam, Tac.: Drusi tribunatum, Cic.: conatus adversariorum, Caes.: alcis gloriam, Cic.: veritas pluribus modis infracta, Tac. – β) prägn., die Macht eines Staats od. einer Pers. brechen, jmd. polit. niederwerfen, demütigen, Gallias, Vell.: u. infringi armis alcis, Vell.: infracta Iuno, Verg. – d) eine Verordnung, einen Vertrag u. dgl. entkräften, schmälern, kraftlos (ungültig) machen, alcis dicta, Tac.: consulis ius, Tac.: pacem, Eutr.: tributa, mindern, herabsetzen, Tac. – II) an etw. anschlagen, schmettern, aulam in caput, Plaut.: alci plus quingentos colaphos, Ter.: liminibus lumbos, Hor.: cratera viro, Ov.: poet., digitos sonanti citharae, rühren, schlagen, Stat. Ach. 1, 575.

lateinisch-deutsches > infringo

98 lividus

līvidus, a, um (liveo), bleifarbig, bläulich, blau, I) eig.: racemi (Weintrauben), Hor.: aquae, Sen.: vada (des Styx in der Unterwelt), Verg.: manus (eines Kranken), Sen.: dens, schwarzgelb, Hor.: lividissima vorago, Catull.: bes. v. Drücken, Schlagen, Quetschen, wenn die Haut mit Blut unterläuft, brachia, Hor.: ora livida facta, Ov. – II) übtr., mißgünstig, neidisch, scheelsüchtig (bei Cic. Tusc. 4, 28 wahrsch. unecht), offendet te lividus malignitate, Sen.: differ opus, livida lingua, tuum, Ov. – v. Lebl., lividiorem sententiam dixit, Sen. rhet.: oblivio, der Neid, der anderer Verdienste in Vergessenheit geraten läßt, Hor.

lateinisch-deutsches > lividus

99 loquor

loquor, locūtus sum, loquī (viell. zu griech. λάσκω, ελακον), sprechen, I) intr. sprechen (vom gelassenen Gesprächstone, während dicere u. orare den zusammenhängenden Ton des Redners bezeichnen, s. Quint. 9, 4, 110; 11, 3, 45), a) eig. (Ggstz. tacere od. clamare), bene et loqui et dicere, Cic.: male, Cic.: vere ac libere, Cic.: magnifice, Liv.: Graecā linguā, Nep.: Graece, Latine, Cic.: pure et Latine, Cic.: Latine nescire loqui, Sen.: de alqa re, de alqo, Ter., Cic. u. Liv.: cum alqo, mit od. zu jmd., Ter. u. Cic. (vgl. tecum loquor, ich spreche mit dir, ich meine dich, Plaut.): cum aliis minimum, plurimum secum, Sen.: inter se clare (laut), Plin. ep.: nullo arbitro secum ipsi loquantur, Cic. – male loqui, nachteilig reden, Plaut. u. Cic., de alqo, Sen. u. Suet.: bene loqui, Plaut., de alqo, de alqa re, Sen. rhet.: bene loqui in alqm (Ggstz. non recte alci dicere), Plaut.: loqui alci, zu jmd., mit jmd. sprechen, Stat. Theb. 12, 26. Sil. 16, 322. Hieron. epist. 84, 3 (zw. Plaut. mil. 476 u. trin. 358): aber alci male, übel von jmd. sprechen, ihn schelten, schimpfen, Plaut. u. Ter. – pro alqo loqui, für jmd. = zu jmds. Verteidigung, Cic., od. = in jmds. Namen, apud (vor) alqm, Cic.: apud populum aut in senatu, Cic.: de me apud te, Cic.: adversus alqm, Ter., ad alqm, Verg., nach jmd. hingewendet: in hanc sententiam, Liv.: non loquens, der nicht sprechen kann, stumm, Gell. – m. allg. Acc., de quo nihil nocuerit, si aliquid cum Balbo eris locutus, es wird nichts schaden, wenn du mit B. ein paar Worte darüber sprichst, Cic. ad Att. 12, 47, 1. – b) übtr.: cum charta dextra locuta est, hat aufs Papier geschrieben, Ov.: ut consuetudo loquitur, wie man insgemein zu sagen pflegt, Cic.: ut fama loquitur, wie die Sage geht, Vell.: ut proverbium loquitur vetus, Amm.: ut (wie) omnes historiae loquuntur, Lact.: de viro heredeque eius lex tantum loquitur, Ulp. dig.: res ipsa loquitur, Cic.: cum P. Africani historiae loquantur m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., da es die G. des P. Afr. ausspricht (berichtet), es sei usw., Cic. Acad. 2, 5: pinus loquentes, säuselnde, sanft rauschende, Verg. – II) tr.: 1) sprechen, a) eig.: ex quo ego veni ad ea, quae fueramus ego et tu inter nos de sorore in Tusculano locuti, Cic.: quid loquar (was od. wozu soll ich sprechen) de militari ratione? Cic.: quid turres, quid vineas testudinesque loquar? was od. wozu soll ich sprechen von usw., Liv.: quid loquar (was od. wozu soll ich sprechen), quanta ratio in bestiis ad perpetuam conservationem generis earum appareat? Cic. – loquuntur, man spricht (sagt, erzählt), m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., hospitibus te dare iura loquuntur, Verg.: eodem die vulgo loquebantur Antonium mansurum esse Casilini, ging allgemein das Gerede, Cic. – b) übtr., oculi nimis arguti quem ad modum affecti sumus, loquuntur (sprechen es aus), Cic. de legg. 1, 27. – 2) = nur od. immer von etw. sprechen, etw. immer im Munde führen (vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 4, 12. Burmann Petron. 117, 9), classes, Cic.: Catilinam, Cic.: proelia, Hor.: alqm chartis dare famaeque populisque loquendum, um immer von ihm zu sprechen, Mart.: male loqui alqm, jmd. schimpfen, Capit. Pert. 13, 5. – 3) reden, sagen, nennen, heraussagen, suum nomen alci, Plaut.: pugnantia, Cic.: ipsam rem, Ter.: meram rem, Plaut.: rem loquere, du hast ganz Recht, Plaut. – / Parag. Infin. loquier, Naev. fr. b. Gell. 1, 24, 2. – arch. loquontur = loquuntur, Varro LL. 6, 1 u. 9, 85: locuntur, Plaut. Bacch. 801.

lateinisch-deutsches > loquor

100 luctor

luctor, ātus sum, ārī (zu Wz. lug, biegen, griech. λυγίζω, biege), ringen, als Ringer-, im Ringkampf kämpfen, I) eig.: exerceri plurimum currendo et luctando, Nep.: fulvā arenā, Verg.: Olympiis, Cic. – cum mortuis non nisi larvas luctari, Planc. bei Plin.: adversis cornibus inter se, von Böckchen, Verg. – beim Beischlaf, luctari cum alqo, Prop. 2, 1, 13 u. 2, 15, 5. – II) übtr.: A) ringen = physisch gegen Widerstand od. Schwierigkeiten ankämpfen, kämpfen, sich abmühen, seine Not haben, a) übh.: cum difficultate locorum, Vell.: bene cum morbo, Sen.: cum agro, Plin.: cum vitiis, Sen.: in arido solo, Liv.: in turba, Hor. – m. Abl., Africus luctatur fluctibus, Hor.: tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris, Hor. – m. Dat., hiemi, Stat.: morti (v. Körper), Stat. – m. folg. Infin., telum eripere, Verg.: remoliri pondera terrae, Ov.: compescere risum, Ov. her. 15 (16), 12: lingua luctans loqui, Ov.: dum (spiritus) luctatur per obstantia atque intercisa vadere, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 17. – b) widerstreben, sich widersetzen, oscula mihi luctanti abstulit, Ov.: nec vetitis luctatus, Sil.: luctante amnis violentiā, Amm.: luctans glacies, Sil.: luctantia oscula, Ov.: luctantia lumina, Sil. – B) ringen = geistig od. moralisch gegen Widerstand (Widerspruch) ankämpfen, kämpfen, cum alqo luctari et congredi (v. Redner), Cic.: cum vitiis, Sen.: diu, quarum esset partium, secum luctatus, Vell.: u. so diu luctata, nach langem Ringen mit sich, Ov. – m. Infin., qui luctatur animarum ingenitas corrigere pravitates, Arnob. 2, 50. – / Infin. luctarier, Prud. perist. 10, 651. – Aktive Nbf. lucto, āvī, āre, Enn. ann. 300. Plaut. fr. bei Non. 468, 32. Ter. Hec. 829. Varro LL. 5, 61. Vgl. Prisc. 8, 25.

lateinisch-deutsches > luctor

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