lūgeō

* * *

lūgĕo, xi, ctum, 2 (luxti for luxisti, Cat. 66, 21; dep. lugeri, Prisc. 1251), v. n. and a. [akin to Gr. lugros, loigos; Sanscr. root lū, to cut; cf. lues], to mourn, lament, bewail, deplore (syn. ploro).

Lit.

Neutr.:

luget senatus, maeret equester ordo,

Cic. Mil. 8, 20:

annum feminis ad lugendum constituere majores,

Sen. Ep. 63, 13; id. Cons. ad Helv. 16, 1:

hos pro me lugere,

Cic. Planc. 42, 101.— Impers. pass.:

sei ad pii rogum fili lugetur. etc.,

Cat. 39, 4.—

Act.: lugere mortem Trebonii, Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

quid ego nunc lugeam vitam hominum?

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 83:

occasum atque interitum rei publicae,

id. Pis. 8, 18:

ut ager lugere dominum videretur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,

Liv. 2, 7.—In pass.:

lugebere nobis, Lugebisque alios,

Ov. M. 10, 141:

parentes et filii majores X annis anno lugendi sunt,

Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 13:

servus matronis lugendus,

Juv. 8, 267.—With acc. and inf.:

urbem e suis faucibus ereptam esse,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2: in dominos vanas luget abisse minas, Claud. ap. Eutr. 2, 4 prooem.—

With gen.:

lugere formae,

Sil. 3, 424.—

Transf., to be in mourning, to wear mourning apparel (v. luctus):

nec lugentibus id facere fas est,

Liv. 22, 56:

qui luget, abstinere debet a conviviis, ornamentis et albā veste,

Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 14:

pullo lugentes vellere lanas,

fit for mourning, Mart. 14, 157.

to mourn, be in mourning, grieve/(tans,) to lament, bewail.

flĕo, flēvi, flētum, 2 (contr. forms flēsti, Ov. H. 5, 43; 45:

flēmus,

Prop. 2, 7, 2; cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 291:

flērunt,

Verg. G. 4, 461; Stat. S. 2, 1, 175:

flēsset,

id. ib. 145:

flēsse,

Ov. M. 6, 404; Liv. 30, 44, 7), v. n. and a. [for flev-o, root phlu-; Gr. phluô, to bubble up, etc.; L. fluo, fluvius, etc.; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 301 sq.].

Lit., to weep, cry, shed tears (syn.: ploro, lugeo, lacrimo): maerentes, flentes, lacrimantes, commiserantes, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 442 P. (Ann. 107 ed. Vahl.):

fleo, quia dijungimur,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 18:

quin fles,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 73:

nimium haec flet,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 14:

ne fle, mulier!

id. Ep. 4, 2, 31:

quid fles, Asterie?

Hor. C. 3, 7, 1:

ille me complexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14 fin.:

haec cum pluribus verbis flens a Caesare peteret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 5; cf. id. ib. 7, 26, 3; id. B. C. 1, 76, 1; 3, 98, 2:

deceptus quoniam flevit et ipse, deus,

Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 54:

felix qui potuit praesenti flere puellae,

before, in the presence of, Prop. 1, 12, 15; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 64:

o multa fleturum caput!

Hor. Epod. 5, 74:

lapides mehercule omnes flere et lamentari coëgisses,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245.— Pass. impers.:

ad sepulcrum venimus: in ignem posita est: fletur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:

minus est, quod flendum meo nomine quam quod gaudendum illius est,

Quint. 6 praef. § 8; so id. 6, 2, 3; 11, 1, 52.—

Transf.

Of horses, to neigh:

equorum greges comperit ubertim flere,

Suet. Caes. 81.—

Of things, to drop, trickle (ante- and post-class.):

uberibus flent omnia guttis,

Lucr. 1, 349:

flevit in templis ebur,

Sen. Thyest. 702:

imber,

Prud. Cath. 5, 24.

Act., to weep for, bewail, lament, a person or thing; to sing mournfully (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; once in Cic.): He. Ne fle. Er. Egone illum non fleam? egone non defleam Talem adolescentem? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 36:

unicum (filium) mater,

Cat. 39, 5:

parentes Troĭlon,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 17:

Gygen,

id. ib. 3, 7, 1;

amissas amicitias,

Cat. 96, 4:

* Pisonem eis verbis flens meum casum vexavit,

Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

filii necem,

Tac. A. 6, 10; 2, 71:

suam vicem,

Curt. 10, 5, 21:

servitutem tristem,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 6:

amissum conjugem,

Just. 28, 4, 4:

fidem mutatosque deos,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 6:

moechos arrogantes,

id. ib. 1, 25, 10:

catellam raptam sibi,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 56:

amorem testudine,

id. Epod. 14, 11: feralia carmina, to sing, Col. poët. 10, 350:

virum,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 1:

amissum fratrem,

id. ib. 4, 29, 8:

adlatum ad se Pompeii caput,

id. ib. 10, 32, 1.—In part. perf.:

multum fleti ad superos,

bewailed, lamented, Verg. A. 6, 481; Stat. Th. 4, 103.—

With object-clause:

agmina septem Flebis in aeterno surda jacere situ,

Prop. 1, 7, 18; Val. Fl. 1, 633.—Hence, flē-tus, a, um, P. a., weeping:

mater fleta et lacrimosa,

App. M. 7, p. 199 fin. (but in Lucr. 2, 631 the correct read. is sanguinolenti).

luctus, ūs ( gen. lucti, Att. ap. Non. 485, 30 and 32), m. [lugeo], sorrow, mourning, grief, affliction, distress, lamentation, esp. over the loss of something dear to one.

Lit.:

filius luctu perditus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

orat, ne suum luctum patris lacrimis augeatis,

id. Fl. 42, 106:

in sordibus, lamentis, luctuque jacuisti,

id. Pis. 36, 89:

afflictus et confectus luctu,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

re cognitā tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

luctu atque caede omnia complentur,

Sall. J. 97:

furere luctu filii,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

in maximos luctus incidere,

id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

luctum alicui importare,

Phaedr. 1, 28, 6:

dare animum in luctus,

Ov. M. 2, 384:

luctus aliquando ridicula fuerit imitatio,

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

multis in luctibus, inque perpetuo maerore senescere,

Juv. 10, 244.—

Transf.

The external signs of sorrow in one's dress and gestures, mourning, mourning apparel, weeds (usually worn by the bereaved, and also by accused persons):

erat in luctu senatus, squalebat civitas, publico consilio mutatā veste,

Cic. Sest. 14, 32:

omnia discessu meo plena luctūs et maeroris fuerunt,

id. ib. 60, 128:

senatusconsulto diebus triginta luctus est finitus,

Liv. 22, 56:

Plancina luctum amissae sororis tum primum laeto cultu mutavit,

Tac. A. 2, 75: minuitur populo luctus aedis dedicatione... privatis autem, cum liberi nati sunt, etc., [p. 1082] Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154 Müll.—

A source of grief:

tu non inventa repertā Luctus eras levior,

Ov. M. 1, 655; cf.:

et luctum et curam effugies,

Juv. 14, 157.—

Personified: Luctus, the god of grief:

primisque in faucibus Orci Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae,

Verg. A. 6, 274; Sil. 13, 581; Stat. Th. 3, 126.

luctus, ūs ( gen. lucti, Att. ap. Non. 485, 30 and 32), m. [lugeo], sorrow, mourning, grief, affliction, distress, lamentation, esp. over the loss of something dear to one.

Lit.:

filius luctu perditus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

orat, ne suum luctum patris lacrimis augeatis,

id. Fl. 42, 106:

in sordibus, lamentis, luctuque jacuisti,

id. Pis. 36, 89:

afflictus et confectus luctu,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

re cognitā tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7:

luctu atque caede omnia complentur,

Sall. J. 97:

furere luctu filii,

Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

in maximos luctus incidere,

id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

luctum alicui importare,

Phaedr. 1, 28, 6:

dare animum in luctus,

Ov. M. 2, 384:

luctus aliquando ridicula fuerit imitatio,

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

multis in luctibus, inque perpetuo maerore senescere,

Juv. 10, 244.—

Transf.

The external signs of sorrow in one's dress and gestures, mourning, mourning apparel, weeds (usually worn by the bereaved, and also by accused persons):

erat in luctu senatus, squalebat civitas, publico consilio mutatā veste,

Cic. Sest. 14, 32:

omnia discessu meo plena luctūs et maeroris fuerunt,

id. ib. 60, 128:

senatusconsulto diebus triginta luctus est finitus,

Liv. 22, 56:

Plancina luctum amissae sororis tum primum laeto cultu mutavit,

Tac. A. 2, 75: minuitur populo luctus aedis dedicatione... privatis autem, cum liberi nati sunt, etc., [p. 1082] Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154 Müll.—

A source of grief:

tu non inventa repertā Luctus eras levior,

Ov. M. 1, 655; cf.:

et luctum et curam effugies,

Juv. 14, 157.—

Personified: Luctus, the god of grief:

primisque in faucibus Orci Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae,

Verg. A. 6, 274; Sil. 13, 581; Stat. Th. 3, 126.

lūgū̆bris ( lūgūbris, Lucr. 4, 547), e, adj. [lugeo and fero], of or belonging to mourning, mourning-.

Lit.:

lamentatio,

over the dead, Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

vestis,

mourning apparel, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 45; cf.

cultus,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

cantus,

a dirge, Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

domus,

a house of mourning, Liv. 3, 32:

genitor,

mourning, sorrowing, Ov. M. 4, 690; so,

pectora,

id. H. 10, 145.— Subst.: lūgū̆brĭa, ĭum, n., mourning garments, sable weeds:

lugubria indue,

Ov. M. 11, 669; illa dies veniet, mea qua lugubria ponam. id. Tr. 4, 2, 73:

imposita lugubria numquam exuerunt,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 16, 2:

lugubria sumpsi,

Prop. 4 (5), 12, 97.—

Transf.

That causes mourning, disastrous:

bellum,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 33:

Trojae renascens alite lugubri,

id. ib. 3, 3, 61.—

Mournful, doleful, plaintive:

vox,

Lucr. 4, 546:

vagitus,

id. 5, 226:

verba,

Ov. Ib. 99.—

Mean, pitiable:

sagum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 28.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lūgū̆bre and lūgū̆brĭter, mournfully, dolefully, portentously, plaintively:

cometae Sanguinei lugubre rubent,

Verg. A. 10, 273:

sonitu lugubre minaci Mulciber immugit,

Sil. 12, 140:

lugubriter eiulantes,

App. M. 3, 8, p. 132.

lūgū̆bris ( lūgūbris, Lucr. 4, 547), e, adj. [lugeo and fero], of or belonging to mourning, mourning-.

Lit.:

lamentatio,

over the dead, Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

vestis,

mourning apparel, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 45; cf.

cultus,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

cantus,

a dirge, Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

domus,

a house of mourning, Liv. 3, 32:

genitor,

mourning, sorrowing, Ov. M. 4, 690; so,

pectora,

id. H. 10, 145.— Subst.: lūgū̆brĭa, ĭum, n., mourning garments, sable weeds:

lugubria indue,

Ov. M. 11, 669; illa dies veniet, mea qua lugubria ponam. id. Tr. 4, 2, 73:

imposita lugubria numquam exuerunt,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 16, 2:

lugubria sumpsi,

Prop. 4 (5), 12, 97.—

Transf.

That causes mourning, disastrous:

bellum,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 33:

Trojae renascens alite lugubri,

id. ib. 3, 3, 61.—

Mournful, doleful, plaintive:

vox,

Lucr. 4, 546:

vagitus,

id. 5, 226:

verba,

Ov. Ib. 99.—

Mean, pitiable:

sagum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 28.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lūgū̆bre and lūgū̆brĭter, mournfully, dolefully, portentously, plaintively:

cometae Sanguinei lugubre rubent,

Verg. A. 10, 273:

sonitu lugubre minaci Mulciber immugit,

Sil. 12, 140:

lugubriter eiulantes,

App. M. 3, 8, p. 132.

maerĕo ( moer-), ēre (maerui, Prisc. 8, p. 817; Vop. Carus, 1, 4; part. gen. plur. maerentūm, Verg. A. 11, 216; dep. collat. form dub., Matius ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 95 Müll., where, for maerebar and mirabar of the MSS., Müller reads maerebat; and Cic. Sest. 39, 84, where, for maerebamini, the best MSS. have maerebatis), v. n. and a. [root mis; Gr. misos, miseô; Lat. miser; cf. moestus].

Neutr., to be sad or mournful, to mourn, grieve, lament (class.; cf.:

doleo, lugeo, angor): cum immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset, maestior Ulixes, maereret Menelaüs,

Cic. Or. 22, 74: nemo maeret suo incommodo;

dolent fortasse et anguntur,

mourns over his own misfortune, id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

cum omnes boni abditi inclusique maererent,

id. Pis. 9 fin.:

vos taciti maerebatis,

id. Sest. 39, 84:

homines alienis bonis maerentes,

id. Balb. 25, 56: qui (amici) tuo dolore maerent, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

maereat haec genero, maereat illa viro,

Tib. 3, 2, 14:

sedatio maerendi,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65:

intellectumque nihil profici maerendo,

id. ib. § 64.— Impers. pass.:

maeretur, fletur, lamentatur diebus plusculis,

App. M. 4, p. 157, 34.—

Act., to mourn over, bemoan, lament, bewail any thing (class.):

filii mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; 1, 44, 105:

mortem perditorum civium,

id. Sest. 17, 39:

rei publicae calamitatem,

id. ib. 14, 32:

casum ejusmodi,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 2:

illud maereo,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 10:

talia maerens,

thus lamenting, Ov. M. 1, 664.—

With acc. and inf.:

qui patriam nimium tarde concidere maererent,

Cic. Sest. 11, 25: corpora Graiorum maerebat mandier igni, Matius ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 95 Müll. N. cr. —Hence, maerens ( moer-), entis, P. a., mourning, lamenting, mournful, sad: maerentes, flentes, lacrimantes, commiserantes, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 442 P. (Ann. v. 107 Vahl.):

quis Sullam nisi maerentem, demissum, afflictumque vidit?

Cic. Sull. 26, 74:

hunc cum afflictum, debilitatum, maerentem viderem,

id. de Or. 2, 47, 195:

nunc domo maerens ad rem publicam confugere possum,

id. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

interque maerentes amicos Egregius properaret exsul,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 47:

dictis maerentia pectora mulcet,

Verg. A. 1, 197:

fletus maerens,

mournful lamentation, Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30.— Sup.: mater maerentissima, Inscr. Mur. 1229, 7.

plōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; cf. pluo].

To cry out, to cry aloud = clamare: SI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT. AST OLLE PLORASSIT, and he cry out, Lex. Serv. Tull. ap. Fest. p. 230 Müll.—

To wail, lament, to weep aloud.

Neutr. (class.;

syn.: lugeo, fleo): ego hercle faciam plorantem illum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 164:

ne plora,

id. Merc. 3, 1, 3; id. Ps. 4, 4, 1:

eam plorare,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 8:

plorando fessus sum,

Cic. Att. 15, 9: date puero panem, ne ploret, Auct. ap. Quint. 6, 1, 47:

lacrimandum est, non plorandum,

Sen. Ep. 63, 1: jubeo te plorare, I bid you howl (in a double sense, alluding to their lachrymose poetry and to the chastisement its authors deserve), Hor. S. 1, 10, 91.—With dat., to or before one:

ille suae (puellae) plorabit sobrius,

Tib. 2, 5, 103:

plorabo tibi,

Vulg. Jer. 48, 32.—

Transf., of things: mimus quis melior plorante gulā, a complaining or clamorous appetite, Juv. 6, 158:

at tu, victrix provincia, ploras,

id. 1, 50.—

Act., to weep over any thing, to lament, bewail ( poet.).

With acc.:

turpe commissum,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 38:

raptum juvenem,

id. ib. 4, 2, 22:

funera,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 245:

quam multi talia plorent,

Juv. 14, 150; 15, 134:

Rachel plorans filios,

Vulg. Matt. 2, 18; id. Jer. 31, 15.—

With object-clause:

aquam hercle plorat, quom lavat, profundere,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 29:

ploravere, suis non respondere favorem Speratum meritis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 9:

me tamen obicere incolis Plorares Aquilonibus,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 3 sq.