is+exhausted

fessus, a, um, P. a. [cf. Sanscr. hā-, gahāmi, relinquo; Gr. chiros, chêra, chôris; Lat. ad-fatim, fatigo], wearied, tired, fatigued; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm (class.; esp. freq. in poets; syn.: fatigatus, defessus, lassus, languidus).

Prop., of living beings:

Romani quamquam itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 53, 5:

de via fessus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 1:

fessum inedia fluctibusque recreare,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

Veientes bello fessi,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

militiā fessae cohortes,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 38:

plorando fessus sum,

Cic. Att. 15, 9, 1:

satiate videndi,

Lucr. 2, 1038:

curāque viāque,

Ov. M. 11, 274:

somno,

Tib. 1, 3, 88:

malis,

Ov. M. 9, 293:

aetate,

Verg. A. 2, 596; cf.

annis,

Ov. M. 9, 440:

valetudinibus,

Tac. H. 3, 2:

fessi vomere tauri,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 11:

elephanti fessi aegritudine,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3:

exercito corpore fessus,

Sall. J. 71, 1; 70, 2:

cum tibi librum Sollicito damus aut fesso,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 221:

inde Rubos fessi pervenimus,

id. S. 1, 5, 94; so,

viator,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17:

pastor,

id. C. 3, 29, 22:

Graii (sc. bello),

id. ib. 2, 4, 11:

boves,

id. Epod. 2, 63.—

With gen. ( poet.):

fessi rerum,

exhausted with events, misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 178:

fessus bellique viaeque,

Stat. Th. 3, 395:

trepidi rerum fessique salutis,

despairing of safety, Sil. 2, 234.—With acc.:

agmina fessa gradum,

Sil. 4, 40.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

alter fessum vulnere, fessum cursu trahens corpus,

Liv. 1, 25, 11; cf. Hor. C. 2, 7, 18; Lucr. 4, 848:

(Phoebus) qui salutari levat arte fessos Corporis artus,

i. e. sick, diseased, Hor. Carm. Sec. 63:

vox fessa loquendo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 85:

fessa aetas,

i. e. the weakness of age, Tac. A. 14, 33:

fessa aetate Galbae,

id. H. 1, 12:

domus aetatis spatio ne fessa vetusto Obruat,

worn out, decayed, Lucr. 3, 774; cf. id. 5, 308:

cardines fessi et turbati,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 120:

(amnes) In mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 582:

naves,

Verg. A. 1, 168; 5, 29:

puppes,

Ov. M. 6, 519; Tib. 2, 5, 46:

carinae,

Ov. M. 11, 393; id. A. A. 3, 748:

vela,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 19: fessa dies, spent, i. e. drawing to a close, Stat. S. 2, 2, 48:

fessae res,

critical, precarious, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18;

also,

misfortunes, calamities, Verg. A. 3, 145:

rebus succurite fessis,

id. ib. 11, 335:

deligendum esse qui fessis rebus succurreret,

Tac. A. 15, 50.

ĭn-āresco, ārui, 3, v. inch. n., to become dry in any place, to dry up, become quite dry (post-Aug.).

Lit.:

in sole,

Plin. 26, 8.40, § 66;

for which: caenum illitum sole,

id. 31, 6, 32, § 61:

opus,

Vitr. 7, 3:

medicamenta,

Cels. 5, 17 fin.:

fructus ante maturitatem,

Col. 4, 24, 3:

germina multa cum inaruere,

Plin. 27, 11, 71, § 95:

nihil facilius quam lacrimas inarescere,

Quint. 6, 1, 27.—

Trop., to dry up, become exhausted:

ne (liberalitas) nimia profusione inarescat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 4.

in-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [infrango], to break off, to break, bruise, crack.

Lit.:

infractis omnibus hastis,

Liv. 40, 40, 7:

ut si quis violas riguove papavera in horto Liliaque infringat,

Ov. M. 10, 191:

genibusque tumens infringitur unda,

Val. Fl. 5, 412: manus, to snap or crack one ' s fingers, Petr. 17:

articulos,

Quint. 11, 3, 158: latus liminibus, to bruise one ' s side by lying on the threshold, Hor. Epod. 11, 22: infractus remus, appearing broken, in consequence of the refraction of the rays in the water, Cic. Ac. 2, 25; cf.:

infracti radii resiliunt,

Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103:

ossa infracta extrahere,

id. 23, 7, 63, § 119.—

Transf., to strike one thing against another: digitos citharae, to strike or play upon the lute, Stat. Ach. 1, 575:

alicui colaphum,

to give one a box on the ear, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46; Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130:

linguam (metu),

to stammer, Lucr. 3, 155.—

Trop., to break, check, weaken, lessen, diminish, mitigate, assuage:

ut primus incursus et vis militum infringeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92:

conatus adversariorum,

id. ib. 2, 21:

florem dignitatis,

Cic. Balb. 6, 15:

militum gloriam,

id. Mil. 2, 5:

animos hostium,

Liv. 38, 16:

spem,

Cic. Or. 2, 6:

tribunatum alicujus,

id. de Or. 1, 7, 24:

vehementius esse quiddam suspicor, quod te infringat,

id. Att. 7, 2, 2:

continuam laudem humanitatis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 31, 3:

res Samnitium,

Liv. 8, 39, 10:

difficultatem,

to overcome, Col. 2, 4, 10:

jus consulis,

Dig. 34, 9, 5 fin.:

fortia facta suis modis,

to weaken, Ov. Tr. 2, 412:

deos precatu,

to appease by entreaties, Stat. Ach. 1, 144:

infringitur ille quasi verborum ambitus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

infringendis concidendisque numeris,

id. Or. 69, 230:

vocem de industria,

purposely to make plaintive, Sen. Contr. 3, 19.—

To destroy, make void, break:

quoniam haec gloriatio non infringetur in me,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 11, 10:

legem,

ib. 1 Macc. 1, 66. — Hence, infractus, a, um, P. a., broken, bent.

Lit.:

mares caprarum longis auribus infractisque probant,

Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 202.—

Trop., broken, exhausted, weakened, subdued.

In gen.:

infractos animos gerere,

Liv. 7, 31, 6:

nihil infractus Appii animus,

id. 2, 59, 4:

oratio submissa et infracta,

id. 38, 14:

infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

veritas,

falsified, Tac. H. 1, 1:

fides metu infracta,

shaken, id. ib. 3, 42:

tributa,

diminished, id. ib. 4, 57:

potentia matris,

id. A. 13, 12:

fama,

injured reputation, Verg. A. 7, 332; Tac. H. 2, 22:

Latini,

broken, Verg. A. 12, 1.—

Diluted:

fel aqua infractum,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.—

In partic., of speech, broken off:

infracta et amputata loqui,

broken, unconnected, Cic. Or. 51, 170:

infracta loquela,

broken talk, baby - talk, Lucr. 5, 230:

cum vocem ejus (delicati) infractam videret,

effeminate, Gell. 3, 5, 2:

vocibus delinitus infractis,

Arn. 4, 141.

intrītus, a, um, P. a., v. intero fin.

in-trītus, a, um, adj. [2. in], not rubbed or worn away, whole, entire, sound.

Lit.:

oliva,

Col. 12, 49, 2.—

Transf., not worn out, not exhausted:

cohortes intritae ab labore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2.

maestus ( moest-), a, um, adj. [maereo, q. v.], full of sadness, sad, sorrowful, afflicted, dejected, melancholy (class.).

Lit.:

quid vos maestos tam tristesque esse conspicor?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 18:

id misera maestast, sibi eorum evenisse inopiam,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

cum immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset, maestior Ulixes, etc.,

id. Or. 22, 74:

maestus ac sordidatus senex,

id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; id. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

maestus ac sollicitus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 3:

maestissimus Hector,

Verg. A. 2, 270.—Of inanim. and abstr. things:

maesto et conturbato vultu,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27:

maesta ac lugentia castra,

Just. 18, 7:

maestam attonitamque videre urbem,

Juv. 11, 199:

maesta manus,

Ov. F. 4, 454:

horrida pro maestis lanietur pluma capillis,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

comae,

id. F. 4, 854:

collum,

id. Tr. 3, 5, 15:

timor,

Verg. A. 1, 202.— Poet., with inf.:

animam maestam teneri,

Stat. Th. 10. 775.—

Transf. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Like tristis, gloomy, severe by nature:

ille neci maestum mittit Oniten,

Verg. A. 12, 514 (naturaliter tristem, severum, quem Graeci skuthrôpon dicunt agelaston, Serv.):

tacitā maestissimus irā,

Val. Fl. 5, 568:

oratores maesti et inculti,

gloomy, Tac. Or. 24.—

In gen., connected with mourning; containing, causing, or showing sadness; sad, unhappy, unlucky:

vestis,

a mourning garment, Prop. 3, 4 (4, 5), 13:

tubae,

id. 4 (5), 11, 9:

funera,

Ov. F. 6, 660; cf.:

ossa parentis Condidimus terrā maestasque sacravimus aras,

Verg. A. 5, 48:

a laevā maesta volavit avis,

the bird of ill omen, Ov. Ib. 128: venter, exhausted with hunger, Lucil. ap. Non. 350, 33 (enectus fame, Non.).—Hence, adv., in two forms.

maestē, with sadness, saaly, sorrowfully:

maeste, hilariter,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24.—

maestĭter, in a way to indicate sorrow:

maestiter vestitae,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 6.

marcĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root mar, die; Gr. marainô, marasmos; cf. also morbus, morior], to wither, droop, shrink, shrivel

Lit. ( poet.): marcebant coronae, [p. 1113] Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 244:

silva comis,

Stat. S. 5, 5, 29.—

Transf., to be faint, weak, drooping, feeble, languid, lazy (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

annis corpus jam marcet,

Lucr. 3, 946:

marcent luxuria, vino, et epulis per totam hiemem confecti,

Liv. 23, 45:

otio ac desidia corrupti marcebant,

Just. 30, 1:

pavore,

Curt. 4, 13, 18; Vell. 2, 84:

si marcet animus, si corpus torpet,

Cels. 2, 2:

amor,

Claud. Laud. Seren. 226:

juventa,

Nemes. Ecl. 1, 60.—Hence, marcens, entis, P. a., withering, drooping, feeble, wasted away, exhausted, weak, languid, indolent (mostly poet.).

Lit.:

marcentes coronae, Claud. Epithal. Pall. et Celer. 96: marcentes tibi porrigentur uvae,

Mart. 5, 78, 12:

bracchia marcentia vino,

Col. 10, 428.—

Transf.:

colla,

Stat. Th. 2, 630:

guttura,

Ov. M. 7, 314:

senex marcentibus annis,

Sil. 15, 746:

visus,

Sen. Agam. 788:

stomachus,

Suet. Calig. 58:

terga,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 704.— Absol.:

tostis marcentem squillis recreabis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 58:

Vitellius deses et marcens,

Tac. H. 3, 36:

pocula,

i. e. enfeebling, Stat. S. 4, 6, 56:

pax,

Tac. G. 36: flamma cupiditatis, Mam. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 17.

marcĭdus, a, um, adj. [marceo], withered, wasted, shrunk, decayed, rotten (mostly poet. and post-Aug.).

Lit.:

lilia marcida,

Ov. M. 10, 92:

aures,

Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 137:

cicatrices, id. prooem. 23: stagna,

foul, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 280:

asseres vetustate marcidi fiunt,

Vitr. 2, 8, 20:

manus,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 6 ext. —

Transf., weak, feeble, languid, enervated, exhausted:

huc incede gradu marcidus ebrio,

Sen. Med. 69:

marcidus edomito bellum referebat ab Haemo Liber,

Stat. Th. 4, 652:

somno,

Plin. Pan. 63:

somno aut libidinosis vigiliis,

Tac. A. 6, 10; Plin. Pan. 63: sol, faint, pale, dull, Poët. ap. Diom. p. 445 P.:

senectus,

Val. Max. 7, 7, 4:

oculi libidine marcidi,

languishing, voluptuous, App. M. 3, p. 135, 34.

mātūrĭtas, ātis, f. [id.].

Ripeness, maturity (class.).

Lit.:

frugum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68:

neque multum a maturitate aberant (frumenta),

Caes. B. C. 1, 48, 5;

frumentorum,

id. ib. 3, 49 fin.:

celerius occidere festinatam maturitatem,

an accelerated, precocious maturity, Quint. 6 praef. § 10.—

Transf., the full or proper time for any thing, perfection, ripeness, maturity:

maturitates gignendi,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

ad maturitatem perducere,

Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 44:

pervenire,

id. 13, 4, 7, § 33:

maturitatem adipisci,

id. 19, 5, 23, § 67:

partūs,

id. 32, 1, 1, § 6: aestiva, fullness of heat, Cic. ap. Non. 343, 21 (Rep. 4, 1, 1 B. and K.):

muriae,

i. e. its proper strength, Col. 12, 6, 2:

aetatis ad prudentiam,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

ejus rei maturitas,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1:

habere maturitatem suam,

id. Brut. 92, 318:

maturitatem Galli criminando,

mental maturity, ripe understanding, Tac. H. 1, 87; so,

veteris imperatoris,

Vell. 2, 125:

indeflexa aetatis,

Plin. Pan. 4, 7.—In plur.:

temporum maturitates, mutationes, vicissitudinesque,

the maturing of the seasons, Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 100; 2, 62, 155; but: si maturitas temporum, expectata foret, the full time, when the supplies would be exhausted, Liv. 22, 40, 9.—

Concr., ripe fruit, Pall. Febr. 9, 12.—

Gentleness, mildness (late Lat.), Amm. 14, 1, 10.—

Promptness, expedition (post-Aug.):

poenae,

Suet. Tib. 61:

maturitatem beneficio Caesaris praestare,

to hasten, Front. Aquaed. 105.

mĭser, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [prob. Sanscr. root mi-; cf. minuo; akin to Gr. misos; Lat. maestus, maereo], wretched, unfortunate, miserable, pitiable, lamentable, etc. (cf.: infelix, calamitosus).

Of persons:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

Cic. Part. Or. 17, 57:

homo miser, et infortunatus,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 20:

miser atque infelix,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94:

urgeris multis miser undique curis,

Lucr. 3, 1051:

o multo miserior Dolabella, quam ille, quem tu miserrimum esse voluisti,

Cic. Phil. 11, 4, 8:

miser, infelix, aerumnosus,

id. Par. 2, 1, 16:

miserrimum habere aliquem,

to torment, id. Fam. 14, 7, 1:

miserrimus Fui fugitando,

have exhausted myself with running, am completely tired out, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 7.—With gen.:

miseros ambitionis,

Plin. Pan. 58, 5.—

Of things, afflicting, sad, wretched, melancholy:

miserā ambitione laborare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

misera orbitas,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

misera et calamitosa res,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77.—

Sick, ill, indisposed, etc.:

quo morbo misera sum,

suffer, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 39:

homini misero non invideo medicinam,

Petr. 129; cf.:

quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76:

homo animo suo miser,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

miserum esse ex animo,

to be wretched in mind, sick at heart, id. Ep. 4, 1, 1.—

Violent, excessive, extravagant:

amor,

Verg. A. 5, 655:

cultus miser,

with regard to dress, Hor. S. 2, 2, 66.—

Bad, vile, poor, worthless:

carmen,

Verg. E. 3, 27:

remedium,

Cels. 5, 26, 34.—With gen.: morum, Stat. Th. 4, 403:

hominem perditum miserumque,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 28.—

As an exclamation, inserted in the midst of a sentence:

ossa atque pellis sum, misera, macritudine,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 32: miserum! (parenthetically) i. e. what a misfortune! how sad! tum pendere poenas Cecropidae jussi (miserum!) septena quotannis Corpora, Verg. A. 6, 21.—As subst.: mĭsĕ-rum, i, n., a wretched thing, wretchedness:

bonum valetudo, miserum morbus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84 MSS. dub. (Madv. and B. and K. miser).—Hence, adv., in two forms.

mĭsĕrē, wretchedly, miserably; desperately, vehemently, excessively, urgently (class.): est misere scriptum, Pseudole! Ps. O miserrime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 72:

vivere,

Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 501:

misere amare,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 32:

deperire,

id. Cist. 1, 2, 12:

invidere,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 22:

orare aliquid,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 124:

discedere quaerens,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 8; cf.:

misere cupis abire,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

ut miserius a vobis recipiatur quam ab illo capta est,

Liv. 34, 24, 2:

misere miser,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 21:

misere male,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 10.—

mĭsĕrĭter, wretchedly, lamentably, sadly (ante-class.; poet.): corrumpi, Laber. ap. Non. 517, 2:

alloqui,

Cat. 63, 49; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P. (Vahl. Enn. p. 180, n. 40).

mĭser, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. [prob. Sanscr. root mi-; cf. minuo; akin to Gr. misos; Lat. maestus, maereo], wretched, unfortunate, miserable, pitiable, lamentable, etc. (cf.: infelix, calamitosus).

Of persons:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

Cic. Part. Or. 17, 57:

homo miser, et infortunatus,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 20:

miser atque infelix,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94:

urgeris multis miser undique curis,

Lucr. 3, 1051:

o multo miserior Dolabella, quam ille, quem tu miserrimum esse voluisti,

Cic. Phil. 11, 4, 8:

miser, infelix, aerumnosus,

id. Par. 2, 1, 16:

miserrimum habere aliquem,

to torment, id. Fam. 14, 7, 1:

miserrimus Fui fugitando,

have exhausted myself with running, am completely tired out, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 7.—With gen.:

miseros ambitionis,

Plin. Pan. 58, 5.—

Of things, afflicting, sad, wretched, melancholy:

miserā ambitione laborare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

misera orbitas,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

misera et calamitosa res,

id. Rosc. Am. 28, 77.—

Sick, ill, indisposed, etc.:

quo morbo misera sum,

suffer, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 39:

homini misero non invideo medicinam,

Petr. 129; cf.:

quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76:

homo animo suo miser,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

miserum esse ex animo,

to be wretched in mind, sick at heart, id. Ep. 4, 1, 1.—

Violent, excessive, extravagant:

amor,

Verg. A. 5, 655:

cultus miser,

with regard to dress, Hor. S. 2, 2, 66.—

Bad, vile, poor, worthless:

carmen,

Verg. E. 3, 27:

remedium,

Cels. 5, 26, 34.—With gen.: morum, Stat. Th. 4, 403:

hominem perditum miserumque,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 28.—

As an exclamation, inserted in the midst of a sentence:

ossa atque pellis sum, misera, macritudine,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 32: miserum! (parenthetically) i. e. what a misfortune! how sad! tum pendere poenas Cecropidae jussi (miserum!) septena quotannis Corpora, Verg. A. 6, 21.—As subst.: mĭsĕ-rum, i, n., a wretched thing, wretchedness:

bonum valetudo, miserum morbus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84 MSS. dub. (Madv. and B. and K. miser).—Hence, adv., in two forms.

mĭsĕrē, wretchedly, miserably; desperately, vehemently, excessively, urgently (class.): est misere scriptum, Pseudole! Ps. O miserrime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 72:

vivere,

Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 501:

misere amare,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 32:

deperire,

id. Cist. 1, 2, 12:

invidere,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 22:

orare aliquid,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 124:

discedere quaerens,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 8; cf.:

misere cupis abire,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

ut miserius a vobis recipiatur quam ab illo capta est,

Liv. 34, 24, 2:

misere miser,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 21:

misere male,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 10.—

mĭsĕrĭter, wretchedly, lamentably, sadly (ante-class.; poet.): corrumpi, Laber. ap. Non. 517, 2:

alloqui,

Cat. 63, 49; Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P. (Vahl. Enn. p. 180, n. 40).

maestus ( moest-), a, um, adj. [maereo, q. v.], full of sadness, sad, sorrowful, afflicted, dejected, melancholy (class.).

Lit.:

quid vos maestos tam tristesque esse conspicor?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 18:

id misera maestast, sibi eorum evenisse inopiam,

id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

cum immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset, maestior Ulixes, etc.,

id. Or. 22, 74:

maestus ac sordidatus senex,

id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; id. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

maestus ac sollicitus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 3:

maestissimus Hector,

Verg. A. 2, 270.—Of inanim. and abstr. things:

maesto et conturbato vultu,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27:

maesta ac lugentia castra,

Just. 18, 7:

maestam attonitamque videre urbem,

Juv. 11, 199:

maesta manus,

Ov. F. 4, 454:

horrida pro maestis lanietur pluma capillis,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

comae,

id. F. 4, 854:

collum,

id. Tr. 3, 5, 15:

timor,

Verg. A. 1, 202.— Poet., with inf.:

animam maestam teneri,

Stat. Th. 10. 775.—

Transf. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Like tristis, gloomy, severe by nature:

ille neci maestum mittit Oniten,

Verg. A. 12, 514 (naturaliter tristem, severum, quem Graeci skuthrôpon dicunt agelaston, Serv.):

tacitā maestissimus irā,

Val. Fl. 5, 568:

oratores maesti et inculti,

gloomy, Tac. Or. 24.—

In gen., connected with mourning; containing, causing, or showing sadness; sad, unhappy, unlucky:

vestis,

a mourning garment, Prop. 3, 4 (4, 5), 13:

tubae,

id. 4 (5), 11, 9:

funera,

Ov. F. 6, 660; cf.:

ossa parentis Condidimus terrā maestasque sacravimus aras,

Verg. A. 5, 48:

a laevā maesta volavit avis,

the bird of ill omen, Ov. Ib. 128: venter, exhausted with hunger, Lucil. ap. Non. 350, 33 (enectus fame, Non.).—Hence, adv., in two forms.

maestē, with sadness, saaly, sorrowfully:

maeste, hilariter,

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24.—

maestĭter, in a way to indicate sorrow:

maestiter vestitae,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 6.

quătĭo, no perf., quassum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. root, cyu-, to move, set in motion; cf. Gr. skeuos, instrument; skeuazô, to prepare], to shake (class.; syn.: concutio, convello).

Lit.

In gen., Fest. p. 261 Müll.:

cum equus magnā vi caput quateret,

Liv. 8, 7:

alas,

Verg. A. 3, 226:

pennas,

Ov. M. 4, 676; Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

aquas,

to agitate, disturb, Ov. H. 18, 48:

cymbala,

Verg. G. 4, 64:

catenas,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 5: caput. Ov. F. 6, 400:

comas,

id. H. 14, 40:

quercum huc illuc,

id. M. 12, 329.—

Of earthquakes: quatitur terrae motibus Ide,

Ov. M. 12, 521:

quid quateret terras,

id. ib. 15, 71:

quatiens terram fragor,

Sil. 1, 536.—

Of the ground, by treading, marching, etc.: campum,

Verg. A. 11, 875:

campos,

id. ib. 11, 513; Sil. 1, 297:

quatitur tellus pondere,

id. 4, 199:

sonitu quatit ungula campum,

Verg. A. 8, 596:

pede ter humum,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 28:

pede terram,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7:

quatitur certamine circus,

Sil. 16, 323. —

In partic.

Of arms, weapons, reins, etc., to wield, brandish, ply, hold:

securim,

Verg. A. 11, 656:

ensem,

Sil. 1, 429:

aegida,

id. 12, 336:

scuta,

Tac. H. 2, 22:

hastam,

Petr. 124:

lora,

Sil. 16, 415; 16, 440:

largas habenas,

id. 17, 542:

verbera (i. e. flagella),

Verg. Cul. 218.—

Of the body, breast, limbs, etc., to agitate, shake, cause to tremble, etc.:

horror Membra quatit,

Verg. A. 3, 29:

anhelitus artus et ora quatit,

id. ib. 5, 199:

tussis pulmonem quatit,

Sil. 14, 601:

terror praecordia,

id. 2, 254:

pectora quatit gemitu,

Val. Fl. 5, 310.—

To beat, strike, drive:

homo quatietur certe cum dono foras,

to beat out of doors, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67:

Arctophylax prae se quatit Arctum, Cic. poët. N. I). 2, 42, 109: cursu quatere equum,

Verg. G. 3, 132; Sil. 12, 254.—Of things:

quatiunt fenestras juvenes,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 1:

scutum hastà,

Liv. 7, 26, 1. —

To shake, beat, or break in pieces, to batter, shatter:

urbis moenia ariete quatere,

Liv. 21, 10:

muros,

Verg. A. 2, 610:

muros arietibus,

Liv. 38, 10:

turres tremendā cuspide,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 7:

tecta quatiuntur,

Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

externas arces,

Sil. 2, 300:

Pergama,

id. 13, 36; cf.:

tonitru quatiuntur caerula caeli,

Lucr. 6, 96. —

Trop., to agitate, more, touch, affect, excite:

est in animis tenerum quiddam quod aegritudine quasi tempestate quatiatur,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12: mentem, Hor. C. 1, 16, 5:

nec vultus tyranni Mente quatit solidā (justum virum),

id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

non ego te Invitum quatiam,

id. ib. 1, 18, 12:

quatiunt oracula Colchos,

Val. Fl. 1, 743:

famā oppida,

id. 2, 122:

quatit castra clamor,

Sil. 3, 231:

tumultus pectora quatit,

Sen. Thyest. 260:

ingenium,

Tac. H. 1, 23:

animum,

Gell. 9, 13, 5:

cum altissima quaterentur, hic inconcussus stetit,

Plin. Pan. 94, 3. —

In partic., to plague, vex, harass:

quatere oppida bello,

Verg. A. 9, 608:

extrema Galliarum,

Tac. H. 4, 28. — Hence, quassus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., shaken, beaten, or broken in pieces, battered, shattered:

aula quassa,

a broken pot, Plaut. Curc. 3, 26:

muri,

Liv. 26, 51:

naves,

id. 25, 3:

faces,

i. e. pieces of pine-wood split up for torches, Ov. M. 3, 508:

rates,

shattered, leaky, Hor. C. 4, 8, 32; 1, 1, 18:

murra,

Ov. M. 15, 399:

lectus,

id. H. 11, 78:

harundo,

Petr. 69:

turres,

Sen. Thyest. 568; cf.:

multo tempora quassa mero,

Ov. R. Am. 146; cf. quasso, I. B. —

Trop.:

quassā voce,

in a broken voice, Curt. 7, 7, 20:

littera,

Quint. 12, 10, 29:

anima quassa malis,

broken down, exhausted, worn out, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1308:

quasso imperio,

Sil. 15, 7.

rĕcens, entis ( abl. sing., regularly, recenti; but in the poets sometimes recente, e. g. Cat. 63, 7; Ov. F. 4, 346 al.— Gen. plur., regularly, recentium:

recentum,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 2; Sil. 15, 601), adj. [re and cand-; cf.: candeo, candor; Gr. kainos, kaiô], that has not long existed, fresh, young, recent (opp. vetus, and differing from novus; v. antiquus init. (freq. and class.):

quod si veteris contumeliae oblivisci vellet: num etiam recentium injuriarum memoriam deponere posse?

Caes. B. G. 1, 14; 5, 54:

(Verres) cum e provinciā recens esset invidiāque et infamiā non recenti sed vetere ac diuturnā flagraret,

Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

Regini quidam eo venerunt, Romā sane recentes,

directly from Rome, id. Att. 16, 7, 1:

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

id. Sen. 20, 72; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 17, 39:

sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devoravit,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 2; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 34:

viri,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17:

(piscis) nequam est, nisi recens,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 26; cf. id. Ps. 4, 7, 25:

catuli,

just whelped, young, Varr. R. R. 3, 12, 4:

tonsae (oves),

newly shorn, id. ib. 2, 11, 7:

caespites,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96; cf.

flores,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 43; Ov. F. 4, 346:

herbae,

id. ib. 5, 123:

serta,

Verg. A. 1, 417:

prata,

fresh, green, id. ib. 6, 674 Serv.:

sanguis,

newly shed, Cat. 63, 7: sol, poet. for the rising sun, the east, Pers. 5, 54:

proelium,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13 fin.:

victoria,

id. ib. 1, 31 fin.;

5, 47: clades,

Liv. 2, 22, 4 Drak. N. cr.:

pollicitatio,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:

arma,

fresh, newly whetted, Ov. M. 8, 370:

umbrae,

of those newly deceased, id. ib. 4, 434:

animae,

id. ib. 8, 488;

anima,

id. ib. 15, 846 et saep.; cf.: non erit in te Deus recens, newly devised, and hence false, Vulg. Psa. 80, 9.— Comp.:

epistula recentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

recentiore memoriā,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

unus ex amicis recentioribus,

Quint. 6, 3, 92.— Sup.:

recentissima tua est epistula Kal. data,

Cic. Att. 8, 15, 3:

recentissima quaeque sunt correcta et emendata maxime,

id. Ac. 1. 4, 13:

Senones recentissimi advenarum,

Liv. 5, 35.—

With ab, immediately after, fresh from, shortly after, etc.:

pullum asininum a partu recentem subiciunt equae,

newly foaled, Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2:

Homerus, qui recens ab illorum aetate fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 5:

recens a vulnere Dido,

i. e. with her wound still fresh, Verg. A. 6, 450:

Poenum recentem ab excidio opulentissimae urbis Iberum transire,

Liv. 21, 16 fin.:

alti spiritus viros, ut ita dicam, a diis recentes,

Sen. Ep. 90, 44:

haec vox, a quā recens sum: sonat adhuc et vibrat in auribus meis,

id. Prov. 3, 3.—

With in and abl., or (more freq.) with simple abl.:

alius alio recentior sit in dolore,

Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10:

quod comitatum Agrippinae longo maerore fessum obvii et recentes in dolore anteibant,

yet fresh in grief, whose grief was still fresh, Tac. A. 3, 1 fin.: quaedam (verba) in usu perquam recentia, Quint. 8, 3, 34:

ut erat recens dolore et irā,

Tac. A. 1, 41 fin.; so,

recens praeturā,

id. ib. 4, 52:

stipendiis,

ib. ib. 15, 59:

caede,

id. H. 3, 19:

victoriā,

id. ib. 3, 77.—

With ad and acc.:

recentes sumus ad id quod incipimus,

Quint. 1, 12, 5.—

Recenti re, while the matter is fresh, forthwith, immediately:

quid si recenti re aedes pultem,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 18:

re recenti,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 8; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139;

for which also, recenti negotio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 39, § 101;

and, in recenti,

Dig. 48, 19, 25.—

Recentiores ( subst. and adj.), the moderns (said of authors):

attulisti aliud humanius horum recentiorum,

modern writers, Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 82; Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74; also,

Graeci recentiores,

modern, id. 4, 16, 30, § 103.—

Trop., fresh in strength, not exhausted by fatigue, vigorous:

ut integri et recentes defatigatis succederent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16 fin.; so,

integer et recens (opp.: fusus et saucius),

Flor. 3, 1, 13;

and in the order: recentes atque integri (opp. defatigati),

Caes. B. G. 7, 48 fin.;

and, opp. defessi,

id. B. C. 3, 94; id. B. G. 7, 25:

equitatus,

id. ib. 7, 9:

recens animus (consulis),

Liv. 21, 52:

equi,

id. 29, 34 (along with integrae vires); 38, 25 (opp. fessi); Ov. M. 2, 63:

clamor,

Plin. Pan. 23, 5.— Comp.: sauciis ac defatigatis integros recentioribusque viribus subministrare, Auct. B. Afr. 78, 6. — Hence, advv.: recens and recenter, lately, freshly, newly, just, recently, etc.

Form rĕcens (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

puerum recens natum,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 17:

captum hominem,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 60:

scaena perfusa croco,

Lucr. 2, 416:

exstinctum lumen,

id. 6, 792:

coria recens detracta,

Sall. H. 4, 2 Dietsch:

inter recens domitos,

id. ib. 3, 53: portentum conflatum est recens, Bass. ap. Gell. 15, 4, 3:

beluae recens captae,

Liv. 38, 17, 15; 2, 22, 4:

acceptum vulnus,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

perdomita Hispania,

id. ib. 4, 5:

cognita,

id. ib. 4, 69 et saep.:

condita Roma,

Suet. Tib. 1.—

Form rĕcen-ter (post-class.):

capti turdi,

Pall. 1, 26, 2:

lecta poma,

id. 5, 4 fin. —

Sup.:

quam recentissime stercorato solo,

Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 192; so,

res gestae,

Just. 30, 4, 8.

rē̆-frīgĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make cool or cold; to cool off, cool (class.).

Lit.:

ignis in aquam conjectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17; cf.:

refrigerato et exstincto calore,

id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calorem,

Quint. 9, 4, 113:

quod me frigus Dalmaticum, quod illinc ejecit, etiam hic refrigeravit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 10, a, 1:

membra partim ardentia partim refrigerata,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

aquam,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

frumentum,

Cato, R. R. 92; cf.

panem,

Plin. 22, 21, 28, § 56:

unguentum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 13:

plumbum,

id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:

stomachum,

id. 25, 13, 95, § 153:

granaria (ventus),

Varr. R. R. 1, 57 fin.:

quoad refrigeratur aër,

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

Neronianas thermas,

Mart. 3, 25, 4; Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17.— Absol., Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119: novum (vinum) refrigerare, vetus calefacere, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 30, 14; cf.:

refrigerant olera, coriandrum, cucumis, etc.,

Cels. 2, 27:

aceto summa vis est in refrigerando,

Plin. 23, 1, 27, § 54.—

To relieve, refresh: membra refrigerat unda. Ov. M. 13, 903:

podagras,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17; cf.:

ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

Cic. Sen. 16, 57: refrigerandi sui causā, Suet. Vit. Luc. —

Trop., to cool off, to deprive of warmth or zeal; hence, pass., to be cooled, wearied, exhausted; to grow cool or languid (cf. defervesco):

defessā ac refrigeratā accusatione,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31:

refrigerato jam levissimo sermone hominum provincialium,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

refrigerato inventionis amore,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 2:

cum Antonii librarius... refrigeratus, ab Antonio transfugit ad Caesarem,

his zeal having cooled, Vell. 2, 83, 2: prudens (testis) aliquo urbane dicto refrigerandus est, qs. to throw cold water upon, i. e. to intimidate, check, Quint. 5, 7, 26; cf.:

aegre perlegit, refrigeratus saepe a semetipso,

i. e. being often stopped, interrupted, Suet. Claud. 41. —Esp. in late Lat.:

alicui,

to refresh, comfort, assist, Tert. Anim. 51 fin.; id. ad Scap. 4 med.:

me refrigeravit,

Vulg. 2 Tim. 1, 16; id. Exod. 23, 12.

sĕnesco, nŭi, 3 ( gerundive:

senescendi homines,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll. N. cr.), v. inch. n. [seneo], to grow old, become aged; to grow hoary.

Lit. (rare):

ita sensim aetas senescit,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

tempora labuntur tacitisque senescimus annis,

Ov. F. 6, 771:

senescente jam Graeciā,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

solve senescentem mature equum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

arbores senescunt,

Plin. 16, 27, 50, § 116: Solon significat se cottidie aliquid addiscentem senescere. Val. Max. 8, 7, 14.—In perf.:

avus (Augusti) tranquillissime senuit,

Suet. Aug. 2:

ego senui et progressioris aetatis sum,

Vulg. Josne, 23, 2.—In gerundive: longissimum spatium senescendorum hominum id (seclum) putarant, Varr. L. L. 6, § 11 Müll. N. cr. —

Transf.

For the usual consenescere, to grow old or gray in an occupation, etc., i. e. to linger too long over it:

inani circa voces studio senescunt,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 18.—

(Causa pro effectu.) To decay or diminish in strength; to grow weak, feeble, or powerless; to waste away, fall off, wane, decline, etc. (the prevailing signif. of the word in prose and poetry; cf. consenesco; while inveterasco is to grow better by age).

Of living subjects (a favorite expression of Livy;

perh. not in Cic., but cf. consenesco, II. 2.): Hannibalem jam et famā senescere et viribus,

Liv. 29, 3 fin.; cf.

of the same,

id. 22, 39:

otio senescere,

id. 25, 7:

non esse cum aegro senescendum,

id. 21, 53:

dis hominibusque accusandis senescere,

to pine away, id. 5, 43 Drak.; cf.:

amore senescit habendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 85:

socordiā,

Tac. A. 1, 9; Val. Max. 8, 13, 7:

ne (agni) desiderio senescant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17.—

Of doves,

Col. 8, 8, 4:

quod antiquatur et senescit prope interitum est,

Vulg. Heb. 8, 13.—

Of things:

quaedam faciunda in agris potius crescente lunā quam senescente,

in the waning of the moon, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 1; so,

luna (opp. crescens),

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 42:

arbores hiemali tempore cum lunā simul senescentes,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

nunc pleno orbe, nunc senescente (al. senescentem) exiguo cornu fulgere lunam,

Liv. 44, 37:

continuā messe senescit ager,

becomes exhausted, worn out, Ov. A. A. 3, 82:

prata,

Plin. 18, 28, 67, § 259: uniones, i. e. grow pale or dim, id. 9, 35, 56, § 115; cf.

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 70:

caseus in salem,

grows salt with age, id. 11, 42, 97, § 242: coma, falls out, Domit. ap. Suet. Dom. 18 fin.: monumenta virūm, decay (with delapsa), Lucr. 5, 312 et saep.:

mensis senescens,

drawing to an end, closing, Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.; so,

hiems,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49.—Of abstr. things:

oratorum laus senescit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; cf.:

ut laus senescens,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 7:

senescere civitatem otio,

Liv. 1, 22, 2:

omnia orta occidunt et aucta senescunt,

Sall. J. 2, 3; cf. Fabri ad Sall. C. 20, 10; so,

somnia,

Sall. J. 35, 3:

vires,

id. H. Fragm. 3, 22, p. 235 Gerl.; Liv. 9, 27:

Hannibalis vis,

id. 25, 16:

bellum,

id. 28, 36; 30, 19:

pugna,

id. 5, 21:

fama,

id. 27, 20; Tac. H. 2, 24; cf.

rumores,

id. A. 2, 77:

consilia,

Liv. 35, 12:

vitia (opp. maturescente virtute),

id. 3, 12:

invidia,

id. 29, 22:

fortuna (opp. florere),

Vell. 2, 11, 3:

amor,

Ov. A. A. 3, 594.

sūgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [root svag-; cf. sucus], to suck (class.).

Lit.:

(animalium) alia sugunt, alia carpunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

(agni) matris sugunt mammam,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20:

porca frequentiore numero sucta deficiet,

exhausted, Pall. Febr. 26, 5:

terram,

to exhaust, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 3. —

Trop.:

cum lacte nutricis errorem suxisse,

to have sucked, imbibed, Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2.

ūtor (old form oetor, oesus, etc., from oitor, oisus, Lex. Thor. lin. 11; inf. parag. oetier, Rogat. Tribun. ap. Fest. p. 246 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 4), ūsus ( inf. utier, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 13), 3, v. dep. [etym. dub.].

Prop., to use.

With abl.

To make use of, employ: cave... ne tibi hoc scipione malum magnum dem. Paeg. Jam utere eo, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 36: Th. Oh Epidicumne ego conspicor? Ep. Certe oculis utere, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 4:

hoc oculo,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 25:

sola potest animi per se natura... durare et sensibus uti,

Lucr. 3, 560:

de rebus ipsis utere tuo judicio,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

utinam, quem ad modum oratione sum usurus alienā, sic mihi ore uti liceret alieno,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

utor neque perantiquis neque inhumanis ac feris testibus,

cite, appeal to, id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

neque enim accusatore muto neque teste quisquam utitur eo, qui de accusatoris subsellio surgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

num argumentis utendum in re ejus modi?

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11:

mancipium, quo et omnes utimur, et non praebetur a populo,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, §

9: quo interprete non ad linguam Graecam, sed ad furta et flagitia uti solebat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 37, §

84: ut postea numquam dextro (oculo) aeque bene usus sit,

Nep. Hann. 4, 3:

si licet exemplis in parvo grandibus uti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 25:

viribus utendum est, quas fecimus,

Luc. 1, 347.—With ad: ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā Sa. Utere, ut vis, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

earum (navium) materiā atque aere ad reliquas reficiendas utebatur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31:

administris ad ea sacrificia Druidibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

ut eā potestate ad quaestum uteretur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

ad quam rem (deus) motu mentis ac ratione utatur,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104.—With pro:

utuntur aut aere aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12.—

Esp.

To manage, control, wield:

bene ut armis, optime ut equis uteretur,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nemo est quin eo ipso (equo), quo consuevit, libentius utatur quam intractato,

id. Lael. 19, 68.—

To spend, use:

velim cum illā videas ut sit qui utamur (sc. pecunia),

Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2:

tantis vectigalibus ad liberalitatem utens,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

cum horis nostris nos essemus usi,

spent, exhausted, id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 30.— Absol.:

notum et quaerere et uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57.—

To wear:

pellibus aut parvis renonum tegimentis utuntur, magnā corporis parte nudā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21 fin.:

ne insignibus quidem regiis Tullus nisi jussu populi est ausus uti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31.—

To accept, adopt:

eā condicione, quae a Caesare ferretur, se usuros ostendebant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

praeposteris enim utimur consiliis et acta agimus,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85.—

To resort to, consult:

neque Vectium ad se arcessit, quaestorem suum, cujus consilio uteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 114:

oraculo,

Tac. A. 2, 54.—

Of a form or style of speech, sentiment, etc., to make, adopt, employ:

sermonibus morologis utier,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

si provincia loqui posset, hac voce uteretur,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 5, 19:

hac unā defensione,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 8:

haec oratio, quā me uti res publica coëgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

cum hortatione non egeas, non utar eā pluribus verbis,

id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

illa criminatio, quā in me absentem usus est,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3.—

To perform, exercise, practise, etc.:

crucior, patrem... nunc inprobi viri officio uti,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 14:

eādem nos disciplinā utimur,

id. As. 1, 3, 49; cf.:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare: etsi ars quidem, cum eā non utare, scientiā ipsā teneri potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

diuturni silentii, quo eram his temporibus usus, finem hodiernus dies attulit,

observed, kept, id. Marcell. 1, 1:

eos (senes) ego fortasse nunc imitor et utor aetatis vitio,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

ratione utuntur,

exercise moderation, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

ut anteponantur... ratione utentia rationis expertibus,

Cic. Top. 18, 69:

ne tu, leno, postules Te hic fide lenoniā uti: non potis,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 30:

viribus uteris per clivos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10.—With adverb. acc.:

ut hoc utimur maxime more moro multum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 1:

ita aperte ipsam rem locutus nil circuitione usus es,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 31.—

In gen., to use, enjoy, profit by, take advantage of, etc.: otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 20, 12 (Trag. Rel. v. 252 Vahl.): sinite... eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, i. e. enjoy, exercise, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 2:

commodius esse opinor duplici spe utier,

id. Phorm. 4, 2, 13:

serius a terrā provectae naves neque usae nocturnā aurā in redeundo offenderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

commoda quibus utimur lucemque quā fruimur ab eo nobis dari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

in maximo meo dolore hoc solacio utor, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 26 init.: usus est hoc cupidine, tamdiu, dum, etc., had the use of, i. e. borrowed, id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf.

I. B. 2. infra: utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

propter nauticarum rerum scientiam plurimisque maritimis rebus fruimur atque utimur,

id. ib. 2, 60, 152:

si fortunā permittitis uti,

to try, take advantage of, Verg. A. 9, 240:

nostrā utere amicitiā, ut voles,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; cf.:

decet hunc ordinem... bene utier amicitiā,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 24:

libertate modice utantur,

Liv. 34, 49, 8:

deorum Muneribus sapienter uti,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 48:

Ofellam Integris opibus novi non latius usum Quam nunc accisis,

id. S. 2, 2, 113:

quia parvo nesciet uti,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 41:

temporibus sapienter utens,

taking advantage of, Nep. Epam. 3, 1.—Prov.: foro uti, to make one's market, i. e. accommodate one's prices, actions, etc., to circumstances, take advantage of events:

scisti uti foro,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29.— Absol.:

opportunae sunt divitiae ut utare (sc. eis),

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.— With adverb. acc.:

ne Silius quidem quicquam utitur (sc. suis hortis),

Cic. Att. 12, 22, 3. —

Of passions, traits of character, etc., to indulge, practise, exercise, yield to, etc.:

inter nos amore utemur semper subrepticio?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 49:

alacritate ac studio,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

severitas, quā tu in iis rebus usus es,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

usus est ipse incredibili patientiā,

id. Phil. 1, 4, 9: ego pervicaciam (esse hanc) aio, et eā me uti volo, Att. ap. Non. 433, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

dementer amoribus usa,

Ov. M. 4, 259.—With in and acc.:

ut suā clementiā ac mansuetudine in eos utatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14.—

To experience, undergo, receive, enjoy, etc., ne simili utamur fortunā atque usi sumus, Quom, etc., Ter. Phorm. prol. 31:

hoc honore usi togati solent esse,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

homines amplissimis usos honoribus,

id. Fl. 19, 45:

nobiles amplis honoribus usi,

Sall. J. 25, 4:

neminem curuli honore usum praeterierunt,

Liv. 34, 44, 4:

primus externorum usus illo honore quem majores Latio quoque negaverint,

Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136: quoniam semel est odio civiliter usus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 41.—

To use as food or medicine, to take, drink, etc.:

lacte mero veteres usi memorantur et herbis,

Ov. F. 4, 369:

aquis frigidis,

Cels. 1, 1:

antidoto,

Scrib. Comp. 171:

medicamento,

id. ib. 228:

vino modice,

Cels. 8, 11:

ex altero (loco, i. e. ex lacu) ut pecus uti possit (sc. aquā),

Varr. R. R. 1, 11, 2.—

With the thing used, etc., as direct obj. (class. only in gerund. constr.; v. infra): nuptias abjeci, amicos utor primoris viros, Turp. ap. Non. p. 497, 15 (Com. Rel. v. 164 Rib.):

facilitatem vulgariam,

Nov. ib. 481, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

res pulchras, quas uti solet,

id. ib. 500, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 69 ib.):

ita uti eum oportet libertatem,

Titin. ib. 481, 19 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

cetera quae volumus uti Graecā mercamur fide,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47:

dic mihi, an boni quid usquam'st, quod quisquam uti possiet,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 37:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 15:

profecto uteris ut voles operam meam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 128:

mea, quae praeter spem evenere, utantur sine,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 29:

BALINEVM... QVOD VSI FVERANT AMPLIVS ANNIS XXXX.,

Inscr. Orell. 202: si quid est, quod utar, utor: si non est, egeo, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 23, 1:

oleam albam, quam voles uti, condito,

id. R. R. 118:

quam rem etiam nomine eodem medici utuntur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 23:

ferrum,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 17, 4.—

Hence, esp. gerund. in phrases dare utendum, to lend; recipere or rogare or petere utendum, to borrow, etc. (class.;

freq. in Plaut.): quod datum utendum'st,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 7:

quae utenda vasa semper vicini rogant,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 18; 2, 4, 32; 2, 9, 4; id. Pers. 1, 3, 47 sq.; id. Mil. 2, 3, 76; id. Rud. 3, 1, 10: auris tibi contra utendas dabo, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 364 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 81:

quae bona is Heraclio omnia utenda ac possidenda tradiderat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

te, quod utendum acceperis, reddidisse,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

multa rogant utenda dari, data reddere nolunt,

Ov. A. A. 1, 433.—

Transf. (through the intermediate idea of having and using).

Pregn., to enjoy the friendship of any one; to be familiar or intimate with, to associate with a person.

With abl:

his Fabriciis semper est usus Oppianicus familiarissime,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46:

quā (Caeciliā) pater usus erat plurimum,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 27:

Trebonio multos annos utor valde familiariter,

id. Fam. 1, 3, 1:

Lucceius qui multum utitur Bruto,

id. Att. 16, 5, 3:

utere Pompeio Grospho,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 22:

quo pacto deceat majoribus uti,

id. ib. 1, 17, 2:

si sciret regibus uti,

ib. ib. 14:

ita me verebatur ut me formatore morum, me quasi magistro uteretur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 2.—

With acc.:

vilica vicinas aliasque mulieres quam minimum utatur,

Cato, R. R. 143, 1.—

To be in possession of a thing, esp. to have, hold, or find a thing in some particular mode or character; with abl.:

mihi si unquam filius erit, ne ille facili me utetur patre,

he shall find an indulgent father in me, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

patre usus est diligente et diti,

Nep. Att. 1, 2:

bonis justisque regibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

quae (sc. libertas) non in eo est, ut justo utamur domino, sed ut nullo,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43; cf. id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

hic vide quam me sis usurus aequo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:

ut is illis benignis usus est ad commodandum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 3, §

6: ne bestiis quoque immanioribus uteremur,

id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

me Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque A puero est,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 95:

uteris monitoribus isdem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 154:

valetudine non bonā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

quo (sc. Philoctete) successore sagittae Herculis utuntur,

Ov. M. 13, 52.— Absol.:

nam pol placidum te et clementem eo usque modo ut volui usus sum in alto (= placidum te esse ut volui, sic te usus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 8.—Hence, P. a.: ūtens, ntis, m., possessing, that possesses:

utentior sane sit,

i. e. a larger possessor, richer, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.