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irrītus

  • 21 irritum

    ī n. [ irritus ]
    тщетность, безуспешность, неудача, провал
    ad (in) i. cadĕre V, T — рушиться, проваливаться
    spes ad i. redacta est L — надежда не сбылась

    Латинско-русский словарь > irritum

  • 22 labor

    I lābor, lāpsus sum, lābī depon.
    1) скользить ( anguis lapsus V); опускаться, спускаться ( effigies de caelo lapsa V); катиться, спадать, медленно падать (folia lapsa cadunt V; stellae labuntur caelo V); капать, падать
    2) пролетать ( per auras Q); взлетать ( sub sidera V); плыть, нестись (per aequora, in magno mari O)
    3) виться, обвиваться (circa tempora O)
    4) скатываться (ex rupe QC; per gradus L); сваливаться ( equo H или ex equo L); ниспадать (labens undique toga Q); свисать, обвисать ( mālae labentes Su)
    5) вытекать, течь ( e fontibus QC)
    6) смежаться, слипаться ( lapsi somno ocelli Prp)
    7) распространяться, разливаться ( frigus per artūs labitur O); уплывать ( res — sc. pecunia — foras labitur Pl)
    8) ( о времени) протекать, проходить (tempus, dies, aetas labitur H, O etc.; labuntur et fluunt omnia C)
    9) ускользать (e manibus alicujus QC; custodiā T)
    pectore l. V — забываться
    labi longius C — уйти слишком далеко, отклониться от темы
    10) (тж. l. per errorem C иl. errore Dig) ошибаться, заблуждаться, погрешать (in aliquā re C; propter imprudentiam C; casu C; verbo V или in verbo C)
    l. mente CC — сходить с ума
    11) мало-помалу доходить, клониться, погружаться, впадать (in soporem Pt; in vitium H; in luxuriam Just)
    12) приходить в упадок, портиться ( disciplina labitur L)
    domus lapsura O — дом, угрожающий обвалом
    II labor, ōris m.
    1) напряжение, усилие, труд, работа (l. irrītus Q, O; l. corporis, animi C)
    laborem suscipere (excipere, sibi sumere) C — взять на себя труд
    2) трудолюбие, прилежание ( homo magno labore или magni laboris C)
    3) плод трудов, дело, деяние, подвиг (multorum mensium l. Cs)
    4) трудность, бедствие, тяготы, мука, страдание (viae L; belli Cs)
    onus magis labori, quam usui Ap — обуза, от которой больше мучений, чем пользы
    5) болезнь (l. nervorum Vtr; valetudo decrescit, accrescit l. Pl); боль ( cor de labore pectus tundit Pl)
    labores Lucīnae V — родовые муки, роды
    6) поэт. затмение (labores solis, lunae V)
    7) тяжесть, груз ( lapides laborem sustīnent Vtr)

    Латинско-русский словарь > labor

  • 23 urinus

    ūrinus, a, um (греч. ; лат. irrĭtus)
    бесплодный, неплодородный, пустой

    Латинско-русский словарь > urinus

  • 24 conatus

    cōnātus, ūs, m. (conor), der Ansatz, Anlauf, a) als Anstrengung des Körpers oder seiner Glieder, conatus aliquis supra vires, Scrib.: quod in certamine saliendi fieri videmus, ut conatum longius petant (nehmen), Quint.: u. so (im Bilde) multos saepe conatus frustra capere, Liv.: primo statim conatu iuxta cubiculum alcis decidere, beim ersten Auffluge, Suet.: u. im Bilde, crebris parvisque conatibus se attollere, Quint.: nihil probantes nisi planum et humile et sine conatu, ohne Aufschwung, Quint. – b) als Anstrengung der Sinne, der Drang, Trieb, dedit natura beluis et sensum et appetitum, ut altero conatum haberent ad naturales pastus capessendos, altero secernerent pestifera a salutaribus, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 122. – c) als geistige Anstrengung, das Beginnen, der Versuch (Ggstz. perfectio u. dgl.), nulla est enim ullo in genere laus oratoris, cuius in nostris orationibus non sit aliqua si non perfectio, at conatus tamen atque adumbratio, Cic.: nam in pueris oratio perfecta nec exigi nec sperari potest; melior autem est indoles laeta generosique conatus, Quint. – d) als milit. u. polit. Anstrengung, und zwar: α) als Kraftaufwand, Bemühen, Mühe, tumultus Gallicus haud magno conatu brevi oppressus est, Liv.: profectus magno conatu ad hostes, Liv.: quo maiore conatu studioque aguntur, eo leviora infirmioraque existimo, Cic. – β) als Beginnen, Versuch, die Absicht, die beabsichtigte, versuchte Unternehmung (Ggstz. consilium, Plan; u. factum, Tat, effectus, Ausführung), c. furiosus, Val. Max.: irritus, Sen.: conatus tam audax traiiciendarum Alpium et effectus, Liv.: in ipso conatu belli gerendi revocari (vom Konsul), Liv.: urbis amplius temptandae in praesentia (für den Augenblick) conatu absistere, Liv.: a conatu resistendi deterreri, Nep.: hoc conatu desistere, Caes.: de spe conatuque depelli, Cic.: religione ab hoc conatu repelli, Cic.: furentis hominis conatum atque audaciam comprimere, Cic.: parare omnem conatum in perniciem alcis, Cic. – im Plur., vani conatus, Liv.: magni c., Sen.: c. ingentes adversus Britanniam, Tac.: nefarii, Cic.: conatus alcis comprimere, Cic. u. Liv.: conatus adversariorum infringere, Cic.: omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi, Cic.: conatibus alcis occurrere, Auct. b. Alex.: omnes alcis motus conatusque prohibere, Cic.: alcis conatus reprimere, Cic.: Tib. Gracchi conatus perditos vindicare, Cic.

    lateinisch-deutsches > conatus

  • 25 ictus

    ictus, ūs, m. (icio), der Stoß, Schlag, Hieb, Stich, Schnitt, Schuß, Wurf, I) im allg.: a) eig. von Stoß-u. Stichwaffen, v. Schneidewerkzeugen, gladiatorius, Stich, Cic.: ambiguus (unsicherer), Liv.: contrarius ictus, vom Gegner geführter Stoß, Stoß des Gegners, Cic. u. Liv.: gravior ictus, Plin. pan., graviores ictus, Tac.: ictus irritus, Fehlstoß, Tac.: caeci ictus, ohne sicheres Ziel: Liv.: falsus ictus, falsch gezielter Wurf, Tac., Ggstz. certus ictus, sicher gezielter Wurf, Tac.: primus ictus (Schwertstreich), qui tumultuosissimus est, Sen.: eodem ictu, mit einem Schnitte, Tac.: iaculantium ictus (Plur.), Plin.: gladiorum ictus telorumque missus (Plur.), Auct b. Hisp.: ictus securis, Liv.: lapidum, pilorum, telorum, Caes.: cuspidis, Verg.: scorpionis, Schuß, Caes.: sagittarum ictus, Sing., Liv., Plur., Liv. u. Eutr.: ictu levi saucia, Tac.: ictus errat (geht fehl), Ambros. – v. Stoße eines Ebers mit den Hauern, Hor. u. Ov. – v. Stich usw. schädlicher Tiere, ictus serpentis, scorpionis, aranei, Cels.: vesparum, Plin.: a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus, Cic. – v. andern Schlagwerkzeugen, m. subj. Genet., ictus virgae (an einen Felsen), Lact.: ictus ferae, Rutenstreich, Greg.: arietis, Liv.: calcis, Fußtritt, Tac.: pugni, Faustschlag, Treb. Poll.: alae, Flügelschlag, Plin.: ictu pinnarum pugnare, Plin.: vehementi ictu remorum concitata fugā Punica classis, die unter Aufbietung aller ihrer Ruderkräfte entfloh, Val. Max.: m. obj. Genet., ictus capitis, Schlag an den Kopf, Cornif. rhet. 3, 27: scherzh. perfacile ego ictus perpetior argenteos, Plaut. most. 621. – v. Blitzschlage, fulminis ictus, Cic.: ictus fulmineus, Hor. – v. Stiche der Sonne, ictus solis, Hor. u. Ov. – v. Stiche (= der stechenden Empfindung) in der Brust, Cornif. rhet. – v. Schlagflusse, ictus sanguinis, quem morbum Graeci ἀπόπληξιν vocant, Aur. Vict. epit. 16, 5. – sub ictu calvariae, bei einer die Hirnschale treffenden äußern Gewalt, Cels. 8, 4. p. 335, 30 D. – ictus pollicis, Anschlagen der Saiten mit usw., Hor.: citharae, das Schlagen, Spielen der usw., Plin. – ictibus aëra rumpere, in einzelnen Stößen in die Höhe steigen (vom Wasser), Ov. – b) übtr., ictus calamitatis, Schlag, Cic.: ictu simili feriri, von einem ähnlichen Schlage (des Schicksals) getroffen werden, Quint.: fortunae ictus excipere, Sen.: voluptas non habet ictum, hat keinen starken Reiz, Cic.: subiti ictus sententiarum, Schlageffekte, Sen. ep. 100, 8. – II) insbes.: A) der feindliche Ansturm, Angriff, uno ictu contendere, Auct. b. Afr.: sub ictum dari, dem Angriff-, den Geschossen der Feinde preisgegeben werden, Tac.: nemo duraret, si rerum adversarum eandem vim assiduitas haberet, quam primus ictus (Anfall), Sen. – dah. wie sprichw., ictu primo, mit dem ersten Anlauf (Wurfe) = mit einem Male, Plin.: singulis velut ictibus bella transigere, allemal gleichs. auf einen Wurf, Tac.: eodem ictu temporis, in demselben Augenblicke, gleichzeitig, Gell.: u. so uno ictu frequenter impellunt sententiae, Quint.: sub ictu habere, vor Augen haben, Sen.: extra ictum ponere, außer Schußlinie, d.i. außer Gefahr, Sen.: sub ictu nostro positum, in unserer Gewalt, Sen.: sub ictu esse, in Gefahr sein, Sen., od. vor Augen sein, Sil. – B) der Niederschlag mit der Hand, mit dem Fuße, um den Takt zu bezeichnen, der Taktschlag, Takt, ictus primus ad extremum similis sibi, Hor.: pedum digitorumque ictu, Quint. – C) der Pulsschlag, ictus creber aut languidus, Plin. 11, 219. – D) meton., ictus foederis, das Schließen eines Bündnisses, Lucan. 5, 372. Val. Max. 2, 7, 1.

    lateinisch-deutsches > ictus

  • 26 irrite

    irritē, Adv. (irritus), vergeblich, Augustin. serm. 49, 3 Mai. Cassiod. var. 1, 4, 11; 3, 27, 1 u. 7, 27.

    lateinisch-deutsches > irrite

  • 27 irrito [2]

    2. irrito, āre (irritus), ungültig machen, Cod. Theod. 3, 12, 2 extr.

    lateinisch-deutsches > irrito [2]

  • 28 irrito [3]

    3. irritō, Adv. (irritus), vergeblich, id quod irr. petebatur, Eumen. grat. act. 11, 4.

    lateinisch-deutsches > irrito [3]

  • 29 ratus

    ratus, a, um, PAdi. (v. reor), I) berechnet, ausgerechnet, durch die Rechnung bestimmt, in den Verbindungen: pro rata parte, nach od. in bestimmtem Verhältnis, verhältnismäßig, Cic. u.a.: dass. bloß pro rata, Liv. u.a.: u. pro rata portione, Plin.: u. secundum ratam partem, Vitr. – II) übtr., festbestimmt, feststehend, fest, a) bestimmt = stehend, motus (stellarum) constantes et rati, Cic.: tam certi caeli motus, tam rati astrorum ordines, Cic.: quod ratum fuerit certo tempore, Cic.: si haec Turno rata vita maneret, Verg. – b) = festgestellt, entschieden, gültig, verbürgt, wahr, rechtskräftig (griech. κύριος) u. dgl. (Ggstz. irritus, vanus u. dgl.), id iussum ratum ac firmum futurum, Cic.: cuius tribunatus si ratus est, nihil est quod irritum ex actis Caesaris possit esse, Cic.: censorias subscriptiones omnes fixas et in perpetuum ratas putet esse, Cic.: u. so ut amicitia societasque in aeternum rata sint, Tac. – rata sint visa sua precatur, gültig = in Erfüllung gehend, Ov.: spes iubet esse ratas, läßt H. in Erf. gehen, Hor.: fac rata vota patris, Mart. – ratum habere od. ducere, für gültig halten, bekräftigen, genehmigen, Cic. u. Liv.: ratum facere, bekräftigen, Cic.: alqd mihi ratum est, ich genehmige es, Cic.: alqd ratum est apud alqm, Tac. – subst., cavere de rato, wegen Genehmigung, Paul. dig. 3, 4, 6. § 3. – spätlat. rato habere, rato fieri, Eccl. – c) v. Pers., entschieden, entschlossen, potitur ratus Romulus praedam, Enn. ann. 75. – / Superl. ratissima beneficia, Cato oratt. 9. fr. 2. p. 42 Jordan.

    lateinisch-deutsches > ratus

  • 30 spes

    spēs, spĕi, f. [st1]1 [-] attente d'un événement heureux, pressentiment d'un événement heureux, espérance, espoir.    - adulescens summa spe: un jeune homme d'un grand avenir.    - bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit, Cic.: c'est la lutte du bon espoir contre le désespoir total.    - in quīs plurimum habebat spei, Curt. 3: (soldats) sur lesquels il fondait le plus d'espoir.    - magna spes est in aliquo: on place beaucoup d'espoir en qqn.    - in eorum tabella spem sibi aliquam proponit, quorum omnium damnatus est? Cic. Verr.: il place quelque espoir dans le suffrage de ceux qui l'ont condamné à l'unanimité!    - spem ponere (collocare) in aliquo: mettre son espoir en qqn.    - sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, Virg. En. 2: mais si, vu ton expérience, tu mets quelque espoir dans les armes que tu as prises.    - omni deposita spe contentionis, dimissis amplioribus copiis, itinera nostra servabat, Caes. BG. 5, 19: abandonnant tout espoir de vaincre en bataille rangée, il renvoya la plupart de ses troupes et il observait notre marche.    - captes astutus testamenta senum neu si... spem deponas, Hor. S. 2, 5, 23: tâche de capter astucieusement les testaments des vieillards et si... ne désespère pas.    - spes + prop. inf.: l'espoir que.    - spes est eum melius facturum, Plaut. Stich.: j'ai espoir qu'il agira mieux.    - magna me spes tenet hunc locum portum ac perfugium futurum, Cic. Clu.: j'ai grand espoir que ce lieu sera un port et un refuge.    - magnam se habere spem Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum, Caes. BG. 1: (il dit) qu'il a grand espoir qu'Arioviste mettra fin à ses violences.    - spem habere in + abl.: avoir espoir en.    - major spe: plus grand qu'on ne s'y attendait.    - ad spem + gén.: dans l'espoir de, en vue de, pour.    - ad spem amicitiae Romanorum, Liv. 32, 5: dans l'espoir d'obtenir l'amité des Romains.    - in tempore ad spem rebellandi advenire, Liv. 23, 40: arriver à temps pour laisser espérer la reprise des hostilités.    - spem facere alicui: faire espérer à qqn.    - in spe esse: avoir de l'espoir ou être espéré.    - castra, vestrae spes, Virg.: ce camp, votre espoir.    - spe potiri (= re speratā potiri), Ov.: posséder un objet désiré. [st1]2 [-] espoir d'héritage.    - leniter in spem arrepe ut et scribare secundus heres, Hor. S. 2: glisse-toi doucement vers ton espérance, afin d'être inscrit comme second héritier.    - scribere aliquem in secundam spem, Tac.: mettre qqn en seconde ligne sur son testament. [st1]3 [-] espoir (t. de tendresse).    - sperate Pamphilippe, o spes mea, o mea vita, Plaut. Stich.: Pamphilippe tant désiré, ô mon espérance, ô ma vie.    - spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, Cic.: Cicéron, toi qui restes mon unique espoir. [st1]4 [-] pressentiment, attente (de ce qui n'est pas désiré), prévision; appréhension, crainte.    - si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit, Cic. Cat. 4: si la violence des méchants vient à tromper mes espérances.    - spes multo asperior, Sall. C. 20, 13: un avenir bien plus affreux.    - Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis accipitur, Sall. J.: Métellus, contrairement à son attente, est accueilli avec de grands transports de joie.    - bellum quidem spe omnium serius fuit, Liv. 2: et pourtant la guerre eut lieu plus tard qu'on ne s'y attendait.    - in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum, Liv. 25: Hannibal eut la triste prévision de la défection des Tarentins.    - spes necis, Stat.: la crainte d'un meurtre.    - in mala spe, Liv.: dans une attente funeste.    - naufragii spes omnis abit, Luc. 5, 455: toute crainte de naufrage disparaît. [st1]5 [-] l'Espérance.    - Spes, ei, f.: l'Espérance (divinité qui avait plusieurs temples à Rome).
    * * *
    spēs, spĕi, f. [st1]1 [-] attente d'un événement heureux, pressentiment d'un événement heureux, espérance, espoir.    - adulescens summa spe: un jeune homme d'un grand avenir.    - bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit, Cic.: c'est la lutte du bon espoir contre le désespoir total.    - in quīs plurimum habebat spei, Curt. 3: (soldats) sur lesquels il fondait le plus d'espoir.    - magna spes est in aliquo: on place beaucoup d'espoir en qqn.    - in eorum tabella spem sibi aliquam proponit, quorum omnium damnatus est? Cic. Verr.: il place quelque espoir dans le suffrage de ceux qui l'ont condamné à l'unanimité!    - spem ponere (collocare) in aliquo: mettre son espoir en qqn.    - sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, Virg. En. 2: mais si, vu ton expérience, tu mets quelque espoir dans les armes que tu as prises.    - omni deposita spe contentionis, dimissis amplioribus copiis, itinera nostra servabat, Caes. BG. 5, 19: abandonnant tout espoir de vaincre en bataille rangée, il renvoya la plupart de ses troupes et il observait notre marche.    - captes astutus testamenta senum neu si... spem deponas, Hor. S. 2, 5, 23: tâche de capter astucieusement les testaments des vieillards et si... ne désespère pas.    - spes + prop. inf.: l'espoir que.    - spes est eum melius facturum, Plaut. Stich.: j'ai espoir qu'il agira mieux.    - magna me spes tenet hunc locum portum ac perfugium futurum, Cic. Clu.: j'ai grand espoir que ce lieu sera un port et un refuge.    - magnam se habere spem Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum, Caes. BG. 1: (il dit) qu'il a grand espoir qu'Arioviste mettra fin à ses violences.    - spem habere in + abl.: avoir espoir en.    - major spe: plus grand qu'on ne s'y attendait.    - ad spem + gén.: dans l'espoir de, en vue de, pour.    - ad spem amicitiae Romanorum, Liv. 32, 5: dans l'espoir d'obtenir l'amité des Romains.    - in tempore ad spem rebellandi advenire, Liv. 23, 40: arriver à temps pour laisser espérer la reprise des hostilités.    - spem facere alicui: faire espérer à qqn.    - in spe esse: avoir de l'espoir ou être espéré.    - castra, vestrae spes, Virg.: ce camp, votre espoir.    - spe potiri (= re speratā potiri), Ov.: posséder un objet désiré. [st1]2 [-] espoir d'héritage.    - leniter in spem arrepe ut et scribare secundus heres, Hor. S. 2: glisse-toi doucement vers ton espérance, afin d'être inscrit comme second héritier.    - scribere aliquem in secundam spem, Tac.: mettre qqn en seconde ligne sur son testament. [st1]3 [-] espoir (t. de tendresse).    - sperate Pamphilippe, o spes mea, o mea vita, Plaut. Stich.: Pamphilippe tant désiré, ô mon espérance, ô ma vie.    - spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, Cic.: Cicéron, toi qui restes mon unique espoir. [st1]4 [-] pressentiment, attente (de ce qui n'est pas désiré), prévision; appréhension, crainte.    - si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit, Cic. Cat. 4: si la violence des méchants vient à tromper mes espérances.    - spes multo asperior, Sall. C. 20, 13: un avenir bien plus affreux.    - Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis accipitur, Sall. J.: Métellus, contrairement à son attente, est accueilli avec de grands transports de joie.    - bellum quidem spe omnium serius fuit, Liv. 2: et pourtant la guerre eut lieu plus tard qu'on ne s'y attendait.    - in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum, Liv. 25: Hannibal eut la triste prévision de la défection des Tarentins.    - spes necis, Stat.: la crainte d'un meurtre.    - in mala spe, Liv.: dans une attente funeste.    - naufragii spes omnis abit, Luc. 5, 455: toute crainte de naufrage disparaît. [st1]5 [-] l'Espérance.    - Spes, ei, f.: l'Espérance (divinité qui avait plusieurs temples à Rome).
    * * *
        Spes, spei, foem. gene. Terent. Cic. Esperance de bien, Espoir.
    \
        Spei nihil est. Cic. Il n'y a point d'esperance, Il n'y a nulle esperance.
    \
        Malorum spes. Cic. L'esperance des meschants.
    \
        Anni spes. Ouid. Les bleds et fruicts qui sont sur terre.
    \
        Gemelli spes gregis. Virgil. Le masle et la femelle par lesquels on espere repeupler le troupeau.
    \
        Caduca spes. Ouid. Vaine.
    \
        Diues. Horatius. Grande et ample esperance, Esperance d'avoir de grands biens.
    \
        Eximia spe adolescens. Cic. Duquel on ha esperance qu'il fera de grandes choses.
    \
        Fidissima spes Teucrum, Hector. Virgil. Sur lequel les Troyens asseuroyent toute leur esperance.
    \
        Inconcessa. Ouid. Quand on espere d'obtenir quelque chose qui n'est licite ne permise.
    \
        Inuidiosa. Ouid. Pleine d'envie, Fort enviee.
    \
        Lenta. Ouid. Tardive.
    \
        Summa spe praeditus adolescens. Cic. Duquel on ha fort bonne et grande esperance.
    \
        Timida. Ouid. Incertaine.
    \
        Hac illi spe hoc incoeperunt. Terent. Soubz ceste esperance.
    \
        Citius spe. Ouid. Plus tost qu'on esperoit.
    \
        Abiicere spem de aliquo. Brutus Ciceroni. Desperer d'aucun, Perdre toute l'esperance qu'on avoit d'aucun.
    \
        Adducere nos in spem dicuntur literae. Cic. Donner esperance.
    \
        Adduci in spem. Cic. Esperer.
    \
        Adimere spem. Cic. Oster l'esperance.
    \
        Affectare spem aliquam. Ouid. Esperer et tascher de parvenir à quelque chose.
    \
        Afferre spem. Cic. Donner esperance.
    \
        Inanes spes agitare. Ouid. Esperer en vain.
    \
        Alere spem. Cic. Entretenir une esperance.
    \
        Alternant spesque timorque fidem. Ouid. L'esperance fait que je croye, mais la crainte fait que je n'en croye rien, Esperance et crainte me tiennent incertaine et en doubte.
    \
        Auferre spem. Cic. Oster esperance.
    \
        Carere spe. Cic. N'avoir point d'esperance.
    \
        Complere aliquem bona spe. Caes. Luy donner bonne esperance.
    \
        Omnes spes atque opes conciderunt. Cic. Sont perdues.
    \
        Anni spem credere terrae. Virgil. Semer le blé dont on espere recueillir dequoy se nourrir toute l'annee.
    \
        Decidere a vel de spe, Vide DECIDO pen. corr. Decheoir de son esperance.
    \
        Deficit spes. Cic. Default.
    \
        Demittere animo spes obscoenas. Ouid. Concevoir et mettre en son esprit une vilaine esperance.
    \
        Deponere spem. Horat. Delaisser son esperance, Perdre esperance.
    \
        Deponere spem in re aliqua. Curtius. Mettre son esperance en quelque chose.
    \
        Deserit spes. Cic. Esperance me default et delaisse.
    \
        Deturbare spe, vel ex spe. Cic. Jecter hors d'esperance.
    \
        Deuorere spem. Ouid. Maudire son esperance.
    \
        Dare spem alicui. Cic. Donner esperance.
    \
        Spe ducitur, se posse, etc. Cic. Il espere.
    \
        Eripere spem. Cic. Oster toute esperance.
    \
        Exardere ad spem libertatis. Cic. Estre esmeu.
    \
        Explorata spes. Ci. Certaine.
    \
        Posteaquam extenuari spem nostram, et euanescere vidi, mutaui consilium. Cic. Que l'esperance se diminuoit.
    \
        Facere spem. Cic. Donner esperance.
    \
        Fallere spem alicuius. Cic. Abuser aucun, et le frustrer de son esperance.
    \
        Fallit eum spes. Cic. Il est abusé de son esperance.
    \
        Fluitare spe dubiae horae. Horat. Estre incertain et en doubte du temps que quelque chose nous doibt advenir.
    \
        Spes eum frustratur. Lentulus Ciceroni. Il est frustré de son esperance.
    \
        Habere spem. Cic. Avoir esperance.
    \
        Reliqua plus habent spei, quam timoris. Cicero. Monstrent plus d'esperance.
    \
        Habere aliquid in spe. Cic. L'esperer.
    \
        Habere spem in manibus. Cic. Avoir certaine esperance.
    \
        Haeret spes in aliquo. Curt. Quand on ha sa derniere esperance en luy.
    \
        Impellere in spem. Cic. Poulser à esperance, Mettre en esperance.
    \
        Implere spem quam quis de nobis concepit, Vide IMPLEO. Accomplir et fournir à ce qu'on espere de nous.
    \
        Induci in spem. Cic. Estre induict à esperance.
    \
        Ingredi in spem. Cic. Commencer à esperer.
    \
        Iniicere spem. Cic. Bailler esperance.
    \
        Intercipere spem. Ouid. Rompre.
    \
        Interdictae spes. Ouid. Choses illicites et defendues, et qu'on ne doibt esperer.
    \
        Inueterascit spes. Cic. Elle se perd, et va à neant.
    \
        Irritus spei. Curt. Frustré de son esperance.
    \
        Labi spe. Caes. Decheoir de son esperance.
    \
        Laborare in spem. Ouid. Travailler en esperance d'en recevoir du profict.
    \
        Vana spe ludere aliquem. Virg. Decevoir aucun par vaine esperance.
    \
        Spem mentita seges. Horat. Quand on ne recueille point tant de bleds qu'on esperoit.
    \
        Nancisci spem. Cic. Avoir ou entrer en esperance.
    \
        Spe qua iubes nitemur. Cicero. Nous nous appuyrons sur ceste esperance.
    \
        Summam spem nuntiabant, fore vt Antonius cederet. Cic. Il nous annoncoyent qu'il y avoit grande esperance que, etc.
    \
        Obtenta me spes. Cic. Esperance me tient, J'ay esperance.
    \
        Omittere spem. Curt. Delaisser.
    \
        Orbari spe. Cic. Estre privé de son esperance.
    \
        Ostendere spem alicuius rei. Cic. Bailler esperance, Mettre en esperance.
    \
        Falsam spem ponere. Ouid. Delaisser.
    \
        Ponere spem in aliquo, vel in re aliqua. Cic. Mettre.
    \
        In arcto spem ponere. Ouid. Avoir petite esperance.
    \
        Id quidem in optima spe pono. Cic. Je tire cela en bonne esperance, J'espere tout bien de ce.
    \
        Plura ponuntur in spe, quam in pecuniis. Cic. Il y a plus d'esperance, que d'argent.
    \
        Praebere spem alicuius rei. Cassius ad Ciceronem. Donner esperance.
    \
        Praecidere vel incidere spem alicui. Ci. Luy rompre son esperance.
    \
        Intelligo ea spe istum fuisse praeditum, vt omnem rationem salutis in pecunia poneret. Cic. Qu'il a eu ceste esperance, etc.
    \
        Praesumere aliquid spe. Virgil. S'attendre tout asseureement d'avoir quelque chose.
    \
        Producere spem vitae. Tacit. Prolonger.
    \
        Proponere spem. Cic. Donner esperance.
    \
        Redintegrare spem. Caesar. Reprendre esperance.
    \
        Remorari spem. Cic. Retarder.
    \
        Sequi spem. Cic. Suyvre son profict.
    \
        Serenare spem vultu. Virg. Monstrer par face joyeuse, qu'on ha bonne esperance.
    \
        Subest spes. Curtius. Il y a esperance.
    \
        Subministrare spem alicuius sceleris. Sallust. Bailler occasion d'esperance.
    \
        Esse spe bona. Cic. Avoir bonne esperance.
    \
        In spe esse. Cic. Esperer.
    \
        In spe esse dicitur aliquid. Cic. Quand on ha esperance de luy.
    \
        Dum in spe pax fuit. Cic. Ce temps pendant qu'on esperoit la paix.
    \
        Spes est hunc aliquando tandem posse consistere. Cic. Il y a esperance.
    \
        Spes est de argento. Plaut. Il y a esperance de recouvrer argent.
    \
        Spes est in angusto. Celsus. Il y a peu d'esperance.
    \
        Spes erat in cursu. Ouid. L'esperance prosperoit.
    \
        Superare spem. Cic. Surmonter l'esperance qu'on ha de nous.
    \
        Teneri spe. Cic. Avoir esperance.
    \
        Illa ipsa spes exigua quae erat, videtur esse sublata. Cic. Ostee, Perdue.
    \
        Trahere spem mora. Ouid. Alonger.
    \
        Trahi spe exigua. Ouid. Avoir quelque peu d'esperance.
    \
        In spem venio appropinquare tuum aduentum. Cic. J'espere que tu viendras de brief, J'entre en esperance.
    \
        Si spem videro, aut ibidem opperiar, aut me ad te conferam. Cic. Si je voy qu'il y ait esperance.
    \
        Officio vincet omnes spes. Cic. Il fera mieulx qu'on n'espere.
    \
        Quam in spem me vocas? Cic. Quelle esperance me donnes tu?
    \
        Spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. Virg. Il fait semblant d'estre joyeulx, mais, etc.
    \
        Spes, pro Metu. Stat. Dum spes nulla necis. Quand il n'avoit aucune doubte, ou crainte de la mort, On le tua par derriere, sans qu'il se doubtast qu'on le deust frapper.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > spes

  • 31 adsulto

    adsulto, (assulto), āre, āvi, ātum [ad + salto] - intr. - sauter vers, sauter contre, bondir sur, fondre sur, se précipiter sur, assaillir.    - feminae adsultabant, ut Bacchae, Tac. An. 1l, 31: les femmes bondissaient comme des Bacchantes.    - sic irritus ingenti scopulo fluctus assultat, Sen. Ir. 3, 25, 3: ainsi le flot bondit en vain contra la masse énorme d’un rocher.    - adsultare tergis pugnantium, Tac. Agr. 26: fondre sur le dos des combattants.    - sed eo quoque inrupere ferentarius gravisque miles, illi telis adsultantes, hi conferto gradu, Tac. An. 12, 35: mais de ce côté aussi se précipitèrent les soldats de l’infanterie légère et de l’infanterie lourde, les premiers assaillant à coups de traits, les seconds marchant en rangs serrés.    - adsultatum est castris, Tac. An. 2,13: il y eut une démonstration (des ennemis) contre le camp.    - tr. [très rare]: hostes latera et frontem modice adsultantes, Tac. An. 1, 51: les ennemis assaillant légèrement les flancs et le front.    - cf. Stat. Th. 11, 244.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > adsulto

  • 32 conatus

    cōnātus, ūs, m. (conor), der Ansatz, Anlauf, a) als Anstrengung des Körpers oder seiner Glieder, conatus aliquis supra vires, Scrib.: quod in certamine saliendi fieri videmus, ut conatum longius petant (nehmen), Quint.: u. so (im Bilde) multos saepe conatus frustra capere, Liv.: primo statim conatu iuxta cubiculum alcis decidere, beim ersten Auffluge, Suet.: u. im Bilde, crebris parvisque conatibus se attollere, Quint.: nihil probantes nisi planum et humile et sine conatu, ohne Aufschwung, Quint. – b) als Anstrengung der Sinne, der Drang, Trieb, dedit natura beluis et sensum et appetitum, ut altero conatum haberent ad naturales pastus capessendos, altero secernerent pestifera a salutaribus, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 122. – c) als geistige Anstrengung, das Beginnen, der Versuch (Ggstz. perfectio u. dgl.), nulla est enim ullo in genere laus oratoris, cuius in nostris orationibus non sit aliqua si non perfectio, at conatus tamen atque adumbratio, Cic.: nam in pueris oratio perfecta nec exigi nec sperari potest; melior autem est indoles laeta generosique conatus, Quint. – d) als milit. u. polit. Anstrengung, und zwar: α) als Kraftaufwand, Bemühen, Mühe, tumultus Gallicus haud magno conatu brevi oppressus est, Liv.: profectus magno conatu ad hostes, Liv.: quo maiore conatu studioque aguntur, eo leviora infirmioraque existimo, Cic. – β) als Beginnen, Versuch,
    ————
    die Absicht, die beabsichtigte, versuchte Unternehmung (Ggstz. consilium, Plan; u. factum, Tat, effectus, Ausführung), c. furiosus, Val. Max.: irritus, Sen.: conatus tam audax traiiciendarum Alpium et effectus, Liv.: in ipso conatu belli gerendi revocari (vom Konsul), Liv.: urbis amplius temptandae in praesentia (für den Augenblick) conatu absistere, Liv.: a conatu resistendi deterreri, Nep.: hoc conatu desistere, Caes.: de spe conatuque depelli, Cic.: religione ab hoc conatu repelli, Cic.: furentis hominis conatum atque audaciam comprimere, Cic.: parare omnem conatum in perniciem alcis, Cic. – im Plur., vani conatus, Liv.: magni c., Sen.: c. ingentes adversus Britanniam, Tac.: nefarii, Cic.: conatus alcis comprimere, Cic. u. Liv.: conatus adversariorum infringere, Cic.: omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi, Cic.: conatibus alcis occurrere, Auct. b. Alex.: omnes alcis motus conatusque prohibere, Cic.: alcis conatus reprimere, Cic.: Tib. Gracchi conatus perditos vindicare, Cic.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > conatus

  • 33 ictus

    ictus, ūs, m. (icio), der Stoß, Schlag, Hieb, Stich, Schnitt, Schuß, Wurf, I) im allg.: a) eig. von Stoß- u. Stichwaffen, v. Schneidewerkzeugen, gladiatorius, Stich, Cic.: ambiguus (unsicherer), Liv.: contrarius ictus, vom Gegner geführter Stoß, Stoß des Gegners, Cic. u. Liv.: gravior ictus, Plin. pan., graviores ictus, Tac.: ictus irritus, Fehlstoß, Tac.: caeci ictus, ohne sicheres Ziel: Liv.: falsus ictus, falsch gezielter Wurf, Tac., Ggstz. certus ictus, sicher gezielter Wurf, Tac.: primus ictus (Schwertstreich), qui tumultuosissimus est, Sen.: eodem ictu, mit einem Schnitte, Tac.: iaculantium ictus (Plur.), Plin.: gladiorum ictus telorumque missus (Plur.), Auct b. Hisp.: ictus securis, Liv.: lapidum, pilorum, telorum, Caes.: cuspidis, Verg.: scorpionis, Schuß, Caes.: sagittarum ictus, Sing., Liv., Plur., Liv. u. Eutr.: ictu levi saucia, Tac.: ictus errat (geht fehl), Ambros. – v. Stoße eines Ebers mit den Hauern, Hor. u. Ov. – v. Stich usw. schädlicher Tiere, ictus serpentis, scorpionis, aranei, Cels.: vesparum, Plin.: a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus, Cic. – v. andern Schlagwerkzeugen, m. subj. Genet., ictus virgae (an einen Felsen), Lact.: ictus ferae, Rutenstreich, Greg.: arietis, Liv.: calcis, Fußtritt, Tac.: pugni, Faustschlag, Treb. Poll.: alae, Flügelschlag, Plin.: ictu pinnarum pugnare, Plin.: vehementi ictu remorum concitata fugā Punica classis, die unter Auf-
    ————
    bietung aller ihrer Ruderkräfte entfloh, Val. Max.: m. obj. Genet., ictus capitis, Schlag an den Kopf, Cornif. rhet. 3, 27: scherzh. perfacile ego ictus perpetior argenteos, Plaut. most. 621. – v. Blitzschlage, fulminis ictus, Cic.: ictus fulmineus, Hor. – v. Stiche der Sonne, ictus solis, Hor. u. Ov. – v. Stiche (= der stechenden Empfindung) in der Brust, Cornif. rhet. – v. Schlagflusse, ictus sanguinis, quem morbum Graeci ἀπόπληξιν vocant, Aur. Vict. epit. 16, 5. – sub ictu calvariae, bei einer die Hirnschale treffenden äußern Gewalt, Cels. 8, 4. p. 335, 30 D. – ictus pollicis, Anschlagen der Saiten mit usw., Hor.: citharae, das Schlagen, Spielen der usw., Plin. – ictibus aëra rumpere, in einzelnen Stößen in die Höhe steigen (vom Wasser), Ov. – b) übtr., ictus calamitatis, Schlag, Cic.: ictu simili feriri, von einem ähnlichen Schlage (des Schicksals) getroffen werden, Quint.: fortunae ictus excipere, Sen.: voluptas non habet ictum, hat keinen starken Reiz, Cic.: subiti ictus sententiarum, Schlageffekte, Sen. ep. 100, 8. – II) insbes.: A) der feindliche Ansturm, Angriff, uno ictu contendere, Auct. b. Afr.: sub ictum dari, dem Angriff-, den Geschossen der Feinde preisgegeben werden, Tac.: nemo duraret, si rerum adversarum eandem vim assiduitas haberet, quam primus ictus (Anfall), Sen. – dah. wie sprichw., ictu primo, mit dem ersten Anlauf (Wurfe) = mit einem Male, Plin.: singulis velut
    ————
    ictibus bella transigere, allemal gleichs. auf einen Wurf, Tac.: eodem ictu temporis, in demselben Augenblicke, gleichzeitig, Gell.: u. so uno ictu frequenter impellunt sententiae, Quint.: sub ictu habere, vor Augen haben, Sen.: extra ictum ponere, außer Schußlinie, d.i. außer Gefahr, Sen.: sub ictu nostro positum, in unserer Gewalt, Sen.: sub ictu esse, in Gefahr sein, Sen., od. vor Augen sein, Sil. – B) der Niederschlag mit der Hand, mit dem Fuße, um den Takt zu bezeichnen, der Taktschlag, Takt, ictus primus ad extremum similis sibi, Hor.: pedum digitorumque ictu, Quint. – C) der Pulsschlag, ictus creber aut languidus, Plin. 11, 219. – D) meton., ictus foederis, das Schließen eines Bündnisses, Lucan. 5, 372. Val. Max. 2, 7, 1.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ictus

  • 34 irrite

    irritē, Adv. (irritus), vergeblich, Augustin. serm. 49, 3 Mai. Cassiod. var. 1, 4, 11; 3, 27, 1 u. 7, 27.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > irrite

  • 35 ratus

    ratus, a, um, PAdi. (v. reor), I) berechnet, ausgerechnet, durch die Rechnung bestimmt, in den Verbindungen: pro rata parte, nach od. in bestimmtem Verhältnis, verhältnismäßig, Cic. u.a.: dass. bloß pro rata, Liv. u.a.: u. pro rata portione, Plin.: u. secundum ratam partem, Vitr. – II) übtr., festbestimmt, feststehend, fest, a) bestimmt = stehend, motus (stellarum) constantes et rati, Cic.: tam certi caeli motus, tam rati astrorum ordines, Cic.: quod ratum fuerit certo tempore, Cic.: si haec Turno rata vita maneret, Verg. – b) = festgestellt, entschieden, gültig, verbürgt, wahr, rechtskräftig (griech. κύριος) u. dgl. (Ggstz. irritus, vanus u. dgl.), id iussum ratum ac firmum futurum, Cic.: cuius tribunatus si ratus est, nihil est quod irritum ex actis Caesaris possit esse, Cic.: censorias subscriptiones omnes fixas et in perpetuum ratas putet esse, Cic.: u. so ut amicitia societasque in aeternum rata sint, Tac. – rata sint visa sua precatur, gültig = in Erfüllung gehend, Ov.: spes iubet esse ratas, läßt H. in Erf. gehen, Hor.: fac rata vota patris, Mart. – ratum habere od. ducere, für gültig halten, bekräftigen, genehmigen, Cic. u. Liv.: ratum facere, bekräftigen, Cic.: alqd mihi ratum est, ich genehmige es, Cic.: alqd ratum est apud alqm, Tac. – subst., cavere de rato, wegen Genehmigung, Paul. dig. 3, 4, 6. § 3. – spätlat. rato habere, rato fieri, Eccl. – c) v.
    ————
    Pers., entschieden, entschlossen, potitur ratus Romulus praedam, Enn. ann. 75. – ⇒ Superl. ratissima beneficia, Cato oratt. 9. fr. 2. p. 42 Jordan.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ratus

  • 36 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 37 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 38 cado

    cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. [cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one ' s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor;

    opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828;

    imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,

    Verg. G. 4, 80:

    nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,

    Lucr. 6, 258:

    cadit in terras vis flammea,

    id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

    in patrios pedes,

    Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning:

    omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,

    in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.:

    prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,

    Liv. 1, 58, 11:

    cadit in vultus,

    Ov. M. 5, 292:

    in pectus,

    id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad:

    ad terras,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216:

    ad terram,

    Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de:

    a summo cadere,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15:

    a mento cadit manus,

    Ov. F. 3, 20:

    aves ab alto,

    Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:

    ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,

    Lucr. 6, 824:

    ex arbore,

    Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2:

    cecidisse de equo dicitur,

    Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

    cadere de equo,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Cæsar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere):

    de manibus arma cecidissent,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.:

    de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

    cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

    Verg. E. 1, 84:

    de caelo,

    Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322:

    de matre (i. e. nasci),

    Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per:

    per inane profundum,

    Lucr. 2, 222:

    per aquas,

    id. 2, 230:

    per salebras altaque saxa,

    Mart. 11, 91; cf.:

    imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.:

    folia nunc cadunt,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297:

    ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,

    id. 6, 415:

    cadens nix,

    id. 3, 21; 3, 402:

    velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus [p. 259] sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:

    cadentem Sustinuisse,

    id. M. 8, 148:

    saepius, of epileptics,

    Plin. Val. 12, 58:

    casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,

    Quint. 12, 10, 73.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295:

    oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem,

    Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45:

    soli subjecta cadenti arva,

    Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12:

    quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit,

    Hor. Epod. 10, 10:

    Arcturus cadens,

    id. C. 3, 1, 27.—
    b.
    To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.:

    nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57:

    dentes cadere imperat aetas,

    Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3:

    pueri qui primus ceciderit dens,

    Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41:

    barba,

    Verg. E. 1, 29:

    quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia,

    id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61:

    lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt,

    Ov. M. 7, 541:

    saetae,

    id. ib. 14, 303:

    quadrupedibus pilum cadere,

    Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231:

    poma,

    Ov. M. 7, 586:

    cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae,

    id. ib. 14, 350:

    elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae,

    id. ib. 9, 571:

    et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis,

    id. ib. 4, 229.—
    c.
    Of a stream, to fall, empty itself:

    amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,

    Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4:

    flumina in pontum cadent,

    Sen. Med. 406:

    flumina in Hebrum cadentia,

    Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50:

    tandem in alterum amnem cadit,

    Curt. 6, 4, 6.—
    d.
    Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up:

    illud, quod cecidit forte,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 23 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—
    e.
    Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one ' s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—
    f.
    Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—
    B.
    In a more restricted sense.
    1.
    To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry):

    cadere in plano,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.:

    deorsum,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89:

    uspiam,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

    Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12:

    dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,

    Quint. 8, 5, 32:

    sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82:

    cadere supinus,

    id. Aug. 43 fin.:

    in pectus pronus,

    Ov. M. 4, 579:

    cadunt toti montes,

    Lucr. 6, 546:

    radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,

    Cat. 64, 109:

    concussae cadunt urbes,

    Lucr. 5, 1236:

    casura moenia Troum,

    Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71:

    multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,

    Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra;

    bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,

    their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so,

    ceciderunt artus,

    id. 3, 453:

    sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,

    Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.:

    oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 1:

    patriae cecidere manus,

    Verg. A. 6, 33:

    cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 36:

    cecidere illis animique manusque,

    Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—
    2.
    In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle;

    hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.:

    aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142:

    ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

    pauci de nostris cadunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53:

    optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,

    Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142:

    per acies,

    Tac. A. 1, 2:

    pro patriā,

    Quint. 2, 15, 29:

    ante diem,

    Verg. A. 4, 620:

    bipenni,

    Ov. M. 12, 611:

    ense,

    Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle:

    inque pio cadit officio,

    Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument:

    suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,

    Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.:

    suā manu cecidit,

    fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71:

    exitu voluntario,

    id. H. 1, 40:

    muliebri fraude cadere,

    id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.:

    manu femineā,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179:

    femineo Marte,

    Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab:

    torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5:

    a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,

    Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab:

    barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,

    Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—
    b.
    Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall ( poet.):

    multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,

    Verg. A. 1, 334:

    si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,

    Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—
    3.
    In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—
    4.
    Matre cadens, just born ( poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad:

    sub sensus cadere nostros,

    i. e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448:

    sub sensum,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3:

    sub oculos,

    id. Or. 3, 9:

    in conspectum,

    to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

    sub aurium mensuram,

    id. Or. 20, 67:

    sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

    subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848:

    ad servitia,

    Liv. 1, 40, 3:

    utrorum ad regna,

    Lucr. 3, 836; so,

    sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,

    Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

    in potestatem unius,

    id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

    in cogitationem,

    to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21:

    in hominum disceptationem,

    id. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

    in deliberationem,

    id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

    in offensionem alicujus,

    id. N. D. 1, 30, 85:

    in morbum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

    in suspitionem alicujus,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

    in calumniam,

    Quint. 9, 4, 57:

    abrupte cadere in narrationem,

    id. 4, 1, 79:

    in peccatum,

    Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—
    B.
    In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.):

    non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,

    Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

    cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?

    id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,

    id. Att. 13, 19, 5:

    qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?

    id. Or. 56, 188:

    neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,

    id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82:

    heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?

    Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7;

    9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,

    id. 2, 17, 32:

    in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—
    C.
    To fall upon a definite time (rare):

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere ( were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—
    D.
    (Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one ' s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).
    1.
    Alicui:

    nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 51:

    hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1:

    insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81:

    mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

    Verg. G. 4, 165:

    haec aliis maledicta cadant,

    Tib. 1, 6, 85:

    neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,

    Prop. 1, 10, 24:

    ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—
    2.
    Ab sol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.;

    Cic. Leg.2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset,

    how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24:

    aliorsum vota ceciderunt,

    Flor. 2, 4, 5:

    cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses,

    had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1:

    sane ita cadebat ut vellem,

    id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne:

    cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret,

    Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709:

    ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant,

    Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14:

    multa. fortuito in melius casura,

    Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.:

    si non omnia caderent secunda,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

    vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt,

    are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—
    3.
    With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. metaballei), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless:

    omnia in cassum cadunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166:

    ad irritum cadens spes,

    Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26:

    in irritum,

    id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.:

    ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,

    Liv. 2, 31, 5:

    haud irritae cecidere minae,

    id. 6, 35, 10.—
    E.
    To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen:

    cadunt vires,

    Lucr. 5, 410:

    mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,

    Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),
    F. 1.
    In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417:

    turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,

    Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

    atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

    tanta civitas, si cadet,

    id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

    huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

    Tac. H. 3, 13:

    non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?

    Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91:

    amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

    animus,

    to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347:

    non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,

    to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4:

    tam graviter,

    id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking:

    magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,

    Cic. Or. 28, 98:

    alte enim cadere non potest,

    id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one ' s cause or suit:

    causā cadere,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39:

    formulā cadere,

    Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in:

    ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.:

    cadere,

    Tac. H. 4, 6; and:

    criminibus repetundarum,

    id. ib. 1, 77:

    conjurationis crimine,

    id. A. 6, 14:

    ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,

    remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.:

    at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,

    Prop. 1, 16, 34:

    multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,

    to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause;

    the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.— Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—
    2.
    Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.:

    cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,

    Ov. M. 8, 2:

    ventus premente nebulā cecidit,

    Liv. 29, 27, 10:

    cadente jam Euro,

    id. 25, 27, 11:

    venti vis omnis cecidit,

    id. 26, 39, 8:

    ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,

    id. 36, 43, 11; cf.:

    sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,

    Verg. A. 1, 154:

    ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,

    id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—
    G.
    Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close:

    verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,

    Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera [p. 260] sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31:

    plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,

    Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34:

    apto cadens oratio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32:

    numerus opportune cadens,

    id. 9, 4, 27:

    ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,

    id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = omoioptôta, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = omoioteleuta, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cado

  • 39 cassa

    cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.
    I.
    Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).
    A.
    Absol.:

    nux,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

    glans,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

    canna,

    unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

    granum inane cassumque,

    Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —
    B.
    Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.
    1.
    With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

    virgo dote cassa,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

    lumine aër,

    Lucr. 4, 368:

    lumine corpus,

    id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

    animā corpus,

    id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

    cassus lumine (= vitā),

    deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

    and in like sense aethere cassus,

    Verg. A. 11, 104:

    simulacra cassa sensu,

    Lucr. 4, 127.—
    2.
    With gen.:

    cassus luminis ensis,

    Cic. Arat. 369.—
    3.
    With ab:

    elementum ab omnibus,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—
    II.
    Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

    copia verborum,

    Lucr. 4, 511:

    vota,

    Verg. A. 12, 780:

    fertilitas terrae,

    Ov. M. 5, 482:

    fraus,

    Luc. 5, 130:

    consilia,

    Sen. Troad. 570:

    viae,

    vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

    labores,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

    manus,

    without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

    augur futuri,

    false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

    omen,

    id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

    palearum,

    Sol. 52;

    esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

    to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

    cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

    were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

    ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

    furere,

    Verg. G. 3, 100:

    longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

    id. A. 3, 345:

    tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

    id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

    quae profecto incassum agebantur,

    Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

    vana incassum jactare tela,

    Liv. 10, 29, 2:

    incassum missae preces,

    id. 2, 49, 8:

    aliquid incassum disserere,

    Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cassa

  • 40 cassum

    cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.
    I.
    Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).
    A.
    Absol.:

    nux,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

    glans,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

    canna,

    unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

    granum inane cassumque,

    Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —
    B.
    Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.
    1.
    With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

    virgo dote cassa,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

    lumine aër,

    Lucr. 4, 368:

    lumine corpus,

    id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

    animā corpus,

    id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

    cassus lumine (= vitā),

    deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

    and in like sense aethere cassus,

    Verg. A. 11, 104:

    simulacra cassa sensu,

    Lucr. 4, 127.—
    2.
    With gen.:

    cassus luminis ensis,

    Cic. Arat. 369.—
    3.
    With ab:

    elementum ab omnibus,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—
    II.
    Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

    copia verborum,

    Lucr. 4, 511:

    vota,

    Verg. A. 12, 780:

    fertilitas terrae,

    Ov. M. 5, 482:

    fraus,

    Luc. 5, 130:

    consilia,

    Sen. Troad. 570:

    viae,

    vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

    labores,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

    manus,

    without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

    augur futuri,

    false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

    omen,

    id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

    palearum,

    Sol. 52;

    esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

    to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

    cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

    were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

    ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

    furere,

    Verg. G. 3, 100:

    longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

    id. A. 3, 345:

    tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

    id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

    quae profecto incassum agebantur,

    Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

    vana incassum jactare tela,

    Liv. 10, 29, 2:

    incassum missae preces,

    id. 2, 49, 8:

    aliquid incassum disserere,

    Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cassum

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