irrītus

cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.

Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).

Absol.:

nux,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

glans,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

canna,

unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

granum inane cassumque,

Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —

Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.

With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

virgo dote cassa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

lumine aër,

Lucr. 4, 368:

lumine corpus,

id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

animā corpus,

id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

cassus lumine (= vitā),

deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

and in like sense aethere cassus,

Verg. A. 11, 104:

simulacra cassa sensu,

Lucr. 4, 127.—

With gen.:

cassus luminis ensis,

Cic. Arat. 369.—

With ab:

elementum ab omnibus,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—

Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

copia verborum,

Lucr. 4, 511:

vota,

Verg. A. 12, 780:

fertilitas terrae,

Ov. M. 5, 482:

fraus,

Luc. 5, 130:

consilia,

Sen. Troad. 570:

viae,

vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

labores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

manus,

without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

augur futuri,

false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

omen,

id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

palearum,

Sol. 52;

esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

furere,

Verg. G. 3, 100:

longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

id. A. 3, 345:

tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

quae profecto incassum agebantur,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

vana incassum jactare tela,

Liv. 10, 29, 2:

incassum missae preces,

id. 2, 49, 8:

aliquid incassum disserere,

Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

irrīto ( inr-), āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. subj. inritassis for inritaveris, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 298), v. a. [cf. eris, erethô, erethizô, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 342, ed. 4], to incite, excite, stimulate, instigate, provoke, exasperate, irritate.

Lit.:

inritare dictum est proprie provocare,

Non. 31, 21:

si me inritassis, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 298; id. Stich. 2, 2, 22:

ne si magis inritatus siet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 18:

ita sum inritatus, ut, etc.,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 10:

ut vi inritare ferroque lacessere fortissimum virum auderet,

Cic. Mil. 31, 84:

virum telis,

Verg. A. 10, 644:

Terra, ira irritata deorum,

id. ib. 4, 178:

bello gentes,

Just. 12, 6, 16:

sibi simultates,

Liv. 33, 46:

aliquem ad necem alicujus,

Vell. 2, 66.— Poet.:

cum fera diluvies quietos Irritat amnes,

enrages, Hor. C. 3, 29, 41:

flammas,

to kindle, Ov. F. 2, 649.—

In gen., to incite, move, stir up, provoke, vex, inflame:

crabrones,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 75:

tribunos plebis fama ea ipsa inritaverat magis ad certamen,

Liv. 6, 27:

animos ad bellum,

id. 31, 5:

iracundiam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 8: infantiam ad discendum,

Quint. 1, 1, 26:

forma meos irritat amores,

Ov. Am. 2, 4, 9:

vitia,

id. ib. 3, 4, 11:

cupiditatem,

Sen. Ep. 7:

suspiciones,

Tac. H. 3, 4:

animos,

Hor. A. P. 180:

ingenium,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 75:

naturam per se pronam ad humanitatem,

Sen. Ben. 6, 29:

princeps, qui delatores non castigat, irritat,

encourages, Suet. Dom. 9:

exitium,

to hasten, Tac. A. 13, 1:

tussim,

to excite, make worse, Cels. 2, 1; 5, 28, 2. — Hence, irrī-tātus, a, um, P. a., excited, enraged, provoked, irritated:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

ad aliquid,

Suet. Galb. 21:

in aliquid,

Sen. Ep. 97.— Comp.:

ego his ejus verbis irritatior,

Gell. 15, 9, 7; 10, 9, 2; id. praef. § 20.— Adv.: irrītātē, in an irritated manner; only in comp., Amm. 22, 15, 19.

irrĭto ( inr-), āre, v. a. [1. irritus], to make void, invalidate (late Lat.), Cod. Th. 3, 12, 2.

irrīto ( inr-), āvi, ātum, 1 ( perf. subj. inritassis for inritaveris, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 298), v. a. [cf. eris, erethô, erethizô, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 342, ed. 4], to incite, excite, stimulate, instigate, provoke, exasperate, irritate.

Lit.:

inritare dictum est proprie provocare,

Non. 31, 21:

si me inritassis, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 298; id. Stich. 2, 2, 22:

ne si magis inritatus siet,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 18:

ita sum inritatus, ut, etc.,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 10:

ut vi inritare ferroque lacessere fortissimum virum auderet,

Cic. Mil. 31, 84:

virum telis,

Verg. A. 10, 644:

Terra, ira irritata deorum,

id. ib. 4, 178:

bello gentes,

Just. 12, 6, 16:

sibi simultates,

Liv. 33, 46:

aliquem ad necem alicujus,

Vell. 2, 66.— Poet.:

cum fera diluvies quietos Irritat amnes,

enrages, Hor. C. 3, 29, 41:

flammas,

to kindle, Ov. F. 2, 649.—

In gen., to incite, move, stir up, provoke, vex, inflame:

crabrones,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 75:

tribunos plebis fama ea ipsa inritaverat magis ad certamen,

Liv. 6, 27:

animos ad bellum,

id. 31, 5:

iracundiam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 8: infantiam ad discendum,

Quint. 1, 1, 26:

forma meos irritat amores,

Ov. Am. 2, 4, 9:

vitia,

id. ib. 3, 4, 11:

cupiditatem,

Sen. Ep. 7:

suspiciones,

Tac. H. 3, 4:

animos,

Hor. A. P. 180:

ingenium,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 75:

naturam per se pronam ad humanitatem,

Sen. Ben. 6, 29:

princeps, qui delatores non castigat, irritat,

encourages, Suet. Dom. 9:

exitium,

to hasten, Tac. A. 13, 1:

tussim,

to excite, make worse, Cels. 2, 1; 5, 28, 2. — Hence, irrī-tātus, a, um, P. a., excited, enraged, provoked, irritated:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

ad aliquid,

Suet. Galb. 21:

in aliquid,

Sen. Ep. 97.— Comp.:

ego his ejus verbis irritatior,

Gell. 15, 9, 7; 10, 9, 2; id. praef. § 20.— Adv.: irrītātē, in an irritated manner; only in comp., Amm. 22, 15, 19.

irrĭto ( inr-), āre, v. a. [1. irritus], to make void, invalidate (late Lat.), Cod. Th. 3, 12, 2.

lūsōrĭus, a, um, adj. [lusor], of or belonging to a player.

Lit.:

pila,

a playing-ball, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 205:

alveus cum tesseris,

id. 37, 2, 6, § 13.—Hence,

Subst.: lūsōrĭum, ii, n., a place where shows of gladiators and wild beasts were given:

statuit sibi triclinium in summo lusorio,

Lampr. Heliog. 25; Lact. Mort. Persecut. 21.—

Used for pleasure; hence, as subst.: lūsōrĭa, ae, f. (sc. navis), a [p. 1087] vessel for pleasure, yacht, Sen. Ben. 7, 20, 3; and, transf., any kind of light vessel, cutter:

lusoriis navibus discurrere flumen ultro citroque,

with cruisers, Amm. 17, 2, 3.— Plur.:

lusoriae,

swift-sailing cruisers, cutters, Vop. Bonos. 15: de lusoriis Danubii, Cod. Th. 7, tit. 17.—

Trop.

That serves for amusement or pastime, sportive:

quaestio,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180:

arma,

Sen. Ep. 117, 25:

spectaculum non fidele et lusorium,

id. ib. 80, 2.—

Transf., that is done or given in play; hence, empty, ineffectual, invalid, = irritus:

nomen,

Sen. Ben. 5, 8, 3:

lusorias minas alicui facere,

Dig. 35, 3, 4:

imperium,

ib. 43, 8, 1.—Hence, adv.: lūsōrĭē, playfully, in sport, not in earnest, apparently:

lusorie (causam) agens,

Dig. 30, 1, 50, § 1.

lūsōrĭus, a, um, adj. [lusor], of or belonging to a player.

Lit.:

pila,

a playing-ball, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 205:

alveus cum tesseris,

id. 37, 2, 6, § 13.—Hence,

Subst.: lūsōrĭum, ii, n., a place where shows of gladiators and wild beasts were given:

statuit sibi triclinium in summo lusorio,

Lampr. Heliog. 25; Lact. Mort. Persecut. 21.—

Used for pleasure; hence, as subst.: lūsōrĭa, ae, f. (sc. navis), a [p. 1087] vessel for pleasure, yacht, Sen. Ben. 7, 20, 3; and, transf., any kind of light vessel, cutter:

lusoriis navibus discurrere flumen ultro citroque,

with cruisers, Amm. 17, 2, 3.— Plur.:

lusoriae,

swift-sailing cruisers, cutters, Vop. Bonos. 15: de lusoriis Danubii, Cod. Th. 7, tit. 17.—

Trop.

That serves for amusement or pastime, sportive:

quaestio,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180:

arma,

Sen. Ep. 117, 25:

spectaculum non fidele et lusorium,

id. ib. 80, 2.—

Transf., that is done or given in play; hence, empty, ineffectual, invalid, = irritus:

nomen,

Sen. Ben. 5, 8, 3:

lusorias minas alicui facere,

Dig. 35, 3, 4:

imperium,

ib. 43, 8, 1.—Hence, adv.: lūsōrĭē, playfully, in sport, not in earnest, apparently:

lusorie (causam) agens,

Dig. 30, 1, 50, § 1.

lūsōrĭus, a, um, adj. [lusor], of or belonging to a player.

Lit.:

pila,

a playing-ball, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 205:

alveus cum tesseris,

id. 37, 2, 6, § 13.—Hence,

Subst.: lūsōrĭum, ii, n., a place where shows of gladiators and wild beasts were given:

statuit sibi triclinium in summo lusorio,

Lampr. Heliog. 25; Lact. Mort. Persecut. 21.—

Used for pleasure; hence, as subst.: lūsōrĭa, ae, f. (sc. navis), a [p. 1087] vessel for pleasure, yacht, Sen. Ben. 7, 20, 3; and, transf., any kind of light vessel, cutter:

lusoriis navibus discurrere flumen ultro citroque,

with cruisers, Amm. 17, 2, 3.— Plur.:

lusoriae,

swift-sailing cruisers, cutters, Vop. Bonos. 15: de lusoriis Danubii, Cod. Th. 7, tit. 17.—

Trop.

That serves for amusement or pastime, sportive:

quaestio,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180:

arma,

Sen. Ep. 117, 25:

spectaculum non fidele et lusorium,

id. ib. 80, 2.—

Transf., that is done or given in play; hence, empty, ineffectual, invalid, = irritus:

nomen,

Sen. Ben. 5, 8, 3:

lusorias minas alicui facere,

Dig. 35, 3, 4:

imperium,

ib. 43, 8, 1.—Hence, adv.: lūsōrĭē, playfully, in sport, not in earnest, apparently:

lusorie (causam) agens,

Dig. 30, 1, 50, § 1.

rĕor, rătus, 2 (2 pers. pres. rere, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 4, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 13; Verg. A. 3, 381; 7, 437; Hor. S. 1, 9, 49: reris, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 9; Verg. A. 6, 97; Hor. S. 2, 3, 134), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. rta, correct; Zend, areta, complete; Gr. aretê, valor].

To reckon, calculate; v. infra, P. a.—Hence, by a usual transfer (like censere, putare, existimare, etc.),—

To believe, think, suppose, imagine, judge, deem (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153;

not in Cæs.: horridum reor,

Quint. 8, 3, 26; cf.: opinor, arbitror, credo, censeo).

With obj.-clause:

hoc servi esse officium reor,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7; so,

reor,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 49; id. Pers. 2, 1, 2; id. Rud. 4, 2, 21; id. Truc. 2, 7, 16; Lucr. 5, 1419; Verg. A. 4, 45; 5, 24; 7, 273; 370; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70; Ov. M. 1, 394; 11, 438; 12, 505; Quint. 2, 16, 9 al.: reris and rere, v. supra:

retur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep. 3, 2, 32; id. Mil. 3, 1, 119; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 59:

remur,

Plaut. As. Grex. 6; Cic. Off. 2, 9, 32:

remini,

Arn. 4, 146:

rentur,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 20; id. Mil. 2, 6, 7; Lucr. 1, 155; 6, 91; Cic. Top. 20, 78; Liv. 1, 59; 5, 3; 24, 37; 40, 5 fin. Drak.:

rebar,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 5; Cic. de Or. 3, 22, 82; Verg. A. 6, 690; Ov. M. 13, 497; 14, 203:

rebare,

Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1:

rebatur,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 26; id. Att. 7, 3, 10; Liv. 9, 3; 27, 25; 30, 9 al.:

rebamur,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 43:

rebantur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; Liv. 1, 26; 3, 41; 4, 1 et saep.:

rebor,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 303:

rebitur,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 28:

rear,

id. Most. 1, 3, 2; Cat. 63, 55; Verg. A. 9, 253:

rearis,

Lucr. 1, 80; 2, 731; 5, 114; 247; 6, 536 al.: reare, Caecil. ap. Gell. 617, 13:

reamur,

Lucr. 2, 952; 4, 37; 5, 78;

6, 764: reantur,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

ratus sum, etc., sim, etc.,

id. As. 5, 2, 11; id. Capt. 2, 2, 6; id. Ep. 4, 2, 26 al.; Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 21; Verg. A. 2, 25; Ov. M. 4, 674; 5, 203; 7, 841 al.; Sall. C. 48, 5; 55, 1; Liv. 2, 27; 3, 2; Quint. 11, 3, 31; 12, 10, 5 et saep. al.—

Absol., Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 4:

quos quidem plures, quam rebar, esse cognovi,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 5:

jam illud mali plus nobis vivit quam ratae (sc. sumus),

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 32:

ut reor a facie, Calliopea fuit,

Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 38:

ut rebare, Venus (nec te sententia fallit) Trojanas sustentat opes,

Verg. A. 10, 608:

ut potius reor,

id. ib. 12, 188:

atque, ut ipse rebatur viam suāpte naturā difficilem inexpugnabilem fecit,

Liv. 31, 39, 9:

nam, reor, non ullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94.—Hence, ră-tus, a, um, P. a., pass., reckoned, calculated, fixed by calculation; hence, fixed, settled, established, firm, unalterable, sure, certain, valid, etc. (class.):

quod modo erat ratum inritumst,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (7), 58:

neu quod egissem esset ratum,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 30:

rata et certa spatia definire,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

motus (stellarum) constantes et rati,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

astrorum rati immutabilesque cursus,

id. ib. 2, 37, 95;

2, 38, 97: si nihil fieri potest, nisi quod ab omni aeternitate certum fuerit esse futurum rato tempore,

id. Div. 2, 7, 19; 2, 30, 63:

jussum ratum atque firmum,

id. Caecin. 33, 96:

decretum stabile, fixum, ratum esse debeat,

id. Ac. 2, 9, 27:

illud certum, ratum, firmum, fixum vis,

id. ib. 2, 46, 141:

censorias subscriptiones omnes fixas et in perpetuum ratas putet esse,

id. Clu. 47, 132; cf.:

ut amicitia societasque nostra in aeternum rata sit,

Tac. H. 4, 64:

cujus tribunatus si ratus est, nihil est, quod irritum possit esse,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; cf.

so, opp. irritus,

id. Phil. 5, 7, 21; cf.

ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: testamenta (opp. rupta),

id. de Or. 1, 38, 173:

populi comitia ne essent rata, nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

ut Faustae, cui cautum ille voluisset, ratum esset,

id. Att. 5, 8, 2: neque ratum est quod dicas, Att. ap. Fest. p. 228; Nep. Att. 10, 1:

dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina Annuit,

Verg. A, 9, 104:

si haec Turno rata vita maneret,

id. ib. 10, 629:

rata sint sua visa precatur,

may be fulfilled, accomplished, Ov. M. 9, 702; 9, 474; 14, 815; 3, 341; id. H. 15 (16), 15; id. F. 1, 696; 3, 77; id. P. 2, 5, 3; cf.:

(ebrietas) spes jubet esse ratas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 17:

pax,

Sall. J. 112, 3:

fides et vox,

Ov. M. 3, 341; id. Tr. 3, 10, 36:

dicta,

id. F. 2, 488.— Sup.: beneficia ratissima atque gratissima, Cato ap. Fest. pp. 286 and 287 Müll. — Poet., transf., of a person: occiduntur: ubi potitur ratu' Romulu' praedam, the resolved, determined (syn. certus), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 274 Müll. (Ann. v. 78 Vahl.). —Hence,

In particular connections.

Pro ratā parte (portione), secundum ratam partem, and absol., pro ratā, according to a certain part, i. e. in proportion, proportionally:

militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur, quaterna in singulos jugera, et pro ratā parte centurionibus evocatisque,

Caes. B. C. 1, 17 fin.; cf.:

pro ratā parte,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18 Mos. N. cr.:

perinde ut cuique data sunt pro ratā parte,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

utinam ex omni senatu pro rata parte esset!

id. Rep. 2, 40, 67:

decumam partem relinqui placet, si plenae fuerint alvi, si minus, pro ratā portione,

Plin. 11, 15, 15, § 40:

item secundum ratam partem ex altitudine columnarum expediendae sunt altitudines epistyliorum,

Vitr. 3, 3 med.:

tantum pediti daturum fuisse credunt, et pro ratā aliis, si, etc.,

Liv. 45, 40; so Capitol. M. Aur. 7, and often in the Digests.—

Ratum aliquid facere (efficere) habere, ducere, also ratum alicui esse, to make or account any thing fixed or valid; to confirm, ratify, approve: quid augur (habet), cur a dextrā corvus a sinistrā cornix faciat ratum? make a confirmatory, i. e. a favorable augury, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

parens nati rata verba Fecit,

i. e. fulfilled, Ov. M. 4, 387:

juvenes cum avum regem salutassent, secuta ex omni multitudine consentiens vox ratum nomen imperiumque regi effecit,

Liv. 1, 6:

efficiant ratas, utraque diva preces,

Ov. F. 1, 696:

quae nobis imperatores commoda tribuerunt, ea rata atque perpetua auctoritate vestrā faciatis,

Liv. 28, 39, 16: eos ratum habere judicium, si totum corruptum sit;

si unus accusator corruptus sit, rescindere,

Cic. Part. Or. 36, 125; so,

ratum habere,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3; id. Att. 14, 21, 2; id. N. D. 1, 5, 10: Atteius Capito ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2; cf.:

(fata) ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, Cic. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: cavere de rato,

Dig. 3, 4, 6, § 3:

qui non duxerint societatem ratam, ubi nec divini quicquam nec humani sanctum esset,

Liv. 27, 17 fin.:

ista ipsa, quae te emisse scribis, non solum rata mihi erunt, sed etiam grata,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1.—

Rarely, ratum servare: quaeris an quod gessit ratum servum. Ego vero servo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 11, 1.

25, 12, for the corrupted curata auctoritas eventu of the MS., read cum rato auctoritas eventu; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.