intra...

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—

In circumlocution: magnam Brigantium partem aut victoriā amplexus est aut bello, embraced in conquest, i. e. conquered, Tac. Agr. 17.

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—

In circumlocution: magnam Brigantium partem aut victoriā amplexus est aut bello, embraced in conquest, i. e. conquered, Tac. Agr. 17.

arx, arcis, f. [arx ab arcendo, quod is locus munitissimus rubis, a quo facillime possit hostis prohiberi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 151 Müll; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 20; Isid. Orig. 15, 2, 32; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 428; v. arceo], a stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, akropolis; in Rome, the Capitolium.

A.. Lit.: arce et urbe orba sum, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 Müll.): optumates, Corinthum quae arcem altam habetis, id. ap. ejusd. Fam. 7, 6: edicite per urbem ut omnes qui arcem astuque accolunt, cives, etc.; Att. ap. Non. p. 357, 14:

Illa autem in arcem [hinc] abiit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 59; so id. Ps. 4, 6, 2:

In arcem transcurso opus est,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 17:

Condere coeperunt urbīs arcemque locare,

Lucr. 5, 1107:

arcis servator, candidus anser,

id. 4, 683:

munire arcem,

Cic. Pis. 34 fin.:

cum Tarento amisso arcem tamen Livius retinuisset,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 273: arx intra moenia in immanem altitudinem edita; Liv. 45, 28:

arx Sion,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 5, 7:

arx Jerusalem,

ib. 1 Macc. 13, 49:

Romana,

Liv. 1, 12:

Capitolina,

id. 6, 20; cf. id. 3, 18:

Sabinus arcem Capitolii insedit mixto milite,

Tac. H. 3, 69; Suet. Claud. 44 et saep. As the place on which auguries were received (cf. auguraculum):

ut cum in arce augurium augures acturi essent,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; so Liv. 1, 18 and 24.—Hence,

Trop., defence, prolection, refuge, bulwark, etc.:

Castoris templum fuit te consule arx civium perditorum, receptaculum veterum Catilinae militum, castellum forensis latrocinii,

Cic. Pis. 5, 11:

haec urbs, lux orbis terrarum atque arx omnium gentium,

id. Cat. 4, 6; cf. id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

Africa arx omnium provinciarum,

id. Lig. 7, 22:

Stoicorum,

id. Div. 1, 6, 10:

arx finitimorum, Campani,

Liv. 7, 29; 37, 18:

tribunicium auxilium et provocationem, duas arces libertatis tuendae,

id. 3, 45:

arx ad aliquid faciendum,

id. 28, 3:

eam urbem pro arce habiturus Philippus adversus Graeciae civitates,

id. 33, 14; Flor. 3, 6, 5:

quasi arx aeternae dominationis,

Tac. A. 14, 31.—

As the abode of tyrants, a poet. designation of tyranny (cf. Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5), Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 293 Heins.:

cupidi arcium,

Sen. Thyest. 342; cf. id. Contr. 4, 27:

non dum attigit arcem, Juris et humani culmen,

Luc. 7, 593 Corte; cf. id. 8, 490, and 4, 800; Tert. Apol. 4.—

Prov.:

arcem facere e cloacā,

to make a mountain of a mole-hill, Cic. Planc. 40.—

Since castles were generally on a height, meton., a height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (usu. poet. and in Aug. and postAug. prose), lit. and trop.

Lit.:

summā locum sibi legit in arce,

upon the extreme height, Ov. M. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 12, 43. —So,

In partic.

Of mountains:

Parnasi constitit arce,

Ov. M. 1, 467:

arce loci summā,

id. ib. 11, 393:

Rhipaeae arces,

Verg. G. 1, 240:

flērunt Rhodopeïae arces,

id. ib. 4, 461:

septemque unā sibi muro circumdedit arces,

id. ib. 2, 535:

primus inexpertas adiit Tirynthius arces, i. e. Alpes,

Sil. 3, 496; cf. Drak. ad id. 15, 305; Val. Fl. 3, 565:

impositum arce sublimi oppidum cernimus,

Petr. 116; cf. id. 123, 205, and 209.—

Of houses built on an eminence, Petr. 121, 107, and 293.—

Of the citadel of heaven:

quae pater ut summā vidit Saturnius arce,

Ov. M. 1, 163:

summam petit arduus arcem,

id. ib. 2, 306:

sideream mundi qui temperat arcem,

id. Am. 3, 10, 21.—

Of the heavens themselves: aetheriae [p. 170] arces, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 19:

arces igneae,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 10:

caeli quibus adnuis arcem,

Verg. A. 1, 250; cf. id. ib. 1, 259.—

Of temples erected on an eminence:

dexterā sacras jaculatus arces,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 3.—

Of the head:

arx corporis,

Sen. Oedip. 185; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 235.—

Trop., height, head, summit, etc. (rare):

celsā mentis ab arce,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 131:

summae laudum arces,

Sil. 13, 771; Sid. Carm. 2, 173:

ubi Hannibal sit, ibi caput atque arcem totius belli esse,

head and front, Liv. 28, 42:

arx eloquentiae,

Tac. Or. 10.

a-sto ( asto, Fleck., Rib., B. and K.; adsto, Ritschl, Lachm.), stĭti, no sup., 1, v. n., to stand at or near a person or thing, to stand by, stand (syn.: adsisto, adsum, faveo).

Lit. (very freq. and class.); constr. absol., with ad, juxta, propter, in with abl., ante, coram, contra, supra, etc.; with dat., acc., and abl., and with local adv.:

astitit illum locum, et illo, et illi, et circa illum,

Prisc. p. 1181 P.: marinas propter plagas, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 309 Müll. (Sat. v. 41 Vahl.):

si iste stabit, adstato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3. 2, 75: cum omnis multitudo adstaret, Vulg. Lev. 9, 5; ib. Psa. 2, 2; ib. Act. 22, 20:

ante ostium,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72; so id. Men. 4, 3, 2:

ante aras,

Lucr. 1, 90:

ante oculos astare,

Verg. A. 3, 150:

adstare ante Dominum,

Vulg. Tob. 12, 15; ib. Luc. 1, 19:

intra limen adstate illic,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 16:

ut mihi confidenter contra adstitit!

id. Capt. 3, 5, 6:

Postquam ille hinc abiit, tu adstas solus!

id. Ps. 1, 4, 1; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 16; id. Stich. 3, 2, 11; id. Mil. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 36; id. Poen. 1, 2, 49 al.:

adsta atque audi,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 53; so id. Ep. 1, 1, 61; id. Most. 1, 4, 11:

cum patre astans,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 2:

cum Alexander in Sigeo ad Achillis tumulum astitisset,

Cic. Arch. 10, 24:

in eopse adstas lapide,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 17:

astat in conspectu meo,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

multis coram adstantibus,

Vulg. Gen. 45, 1:

adstat coram vobis,

ib. Act. 4, 10:

supra caput,

Verg. A. 4, 702; 5, 10:

nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

Lucr. 3, 959:

adstiterunt ad januam,

Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

adstiterunt juxta illos,

ib. ib. 1, 10:

qui campis adstiterant,

Tac. A. 2, 17 Halm:

tribunali,

id. ib. 12, 36 fin.:

mensae,

Suet. Tib. 61; so Mart. 8, 56, 13:

adstabo tibi,

Vulg. Psa. 5, 5; ib. Act. 27, 23:

aliquem adstare,

Plin. Pan. 23, 2, where Keil reads astaret:

limine divae Adstitit,

Stat. Th. 9, 607.—

Trop.:

Certa quidem finis vitae mortalibus adstat,

awaits, Lucr. 3, 1078.— Also, to stand at one's side as counsel or aid, to assist (cf.:

assisto, adsum, etc.): Amanti supparisator, hortor, adsto, admoneo, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 10:

Dum adsto advocatus cuidam cognato meo,

id. Cas. 3, 3, 4.— Poet., of an object still existing or remaining: astante ope barbaricā, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (for this Verg. has: Priami dum regna manebant, A. 2, 22).—

Transf., to stand up, to stand upright (cf. ad, I. 1.):

squamis astantibus,

Verg. G. 3, 545:

Minerva, quae est in Parthenone adstans,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 54, where Jan reads stans.

bīmus, a, um, adj. [prob. contracted from bis-hiems, of two winters; cf. Eutych. ap. Cassiod. p. 2311 P., and Aufrecht, Zeitschrift für vergl. Sprachf. 4, p. 415], two years old, of two years, continuing two years:

nuces,

Cato, R. R. 17, 2; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13: una veterana legio, altera bima, octo tironum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; so,

semen,

Plin. 18, 24, 54, § 195:

surculi,

id. 17, 14, 24, § 105:

plantae,

biennial, Pall. Febr. 25, 2: merum, * Hor. C. 1, 19, 15:

nix,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 16:

pensio,

Mart. 12, 32, 3:

honor,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 64:

aestimatio ususfructus,

Dig. 33, 2, 6:

si legatum sit relictum annua, bima, trima die, etc., i. e. solvendum intra annum, biennium, triennium, etc.,

ib. 33, 1, 3; cf. dies.—

In epist. style, as an abbreviated expression:

bima sententia,

the vote concerning the continuance of a provincial government for two years, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 9.

căpŭlus, i, m. (acc. to Gramm. also că-pŭlum, i, n., Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Non. p. 4, 21 sq.; Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 5) [capio; prop. the holder].

A sarcophagus, bier, sepulchre, tomb:

capulum... vocatur et id, quo mortuo efferatur, Paul. l. l.: capulum dicitur quicquid aliquam rem intra se capit: nam sarcophagum, id est sepulchrum, capulum dici veteres volunt, quod corpora capiat... Novius... Prius in capulo quam in curuli sellā. Lucilius Satyrarum libro secundo, quem illi quom vidissent... in capulo hunc non esse, aliumque cubare. Var. Cosmotorque, Propter cunam capulum positum nutrix tradit pollictori,

Non. p. 4, 21 sqq.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 222:

(feretrum) Latine capulus dicitur,

id. ib. 11, 64:

dum funera portant, Dum capulo nondum manus excidit,

Stat. Th. 3, 362:

monumentum quoddam conspicamur. Ibi capulos carie et vetustate semitectos, quis inhabitabant pulverei et jam cinerosi mortui,

App. M. 4, p. 150, 27:

capuli lecti funerei vel rogi in modum arae constructi, Placid. Gloss. tom. III. p. 451.—Hence: ire ad capulum,

to go to the grave, Lucr. 2, 1174; and sarcastically: capuli decus, one who deserves a bier = capularis, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 42.—

That by which any thing is seized or held, the handle:

aratri,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 57:

sceptri,

id. M. 7, 506.—Esp., the hilt of a sword, Cic. Fat. 3, 5; Verg. A. 2, 553; 10, 536; Ov. M. 7, 422; 12, 133; 12, 491; Petr. 82, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21; App. M. 1, p. 108 al.; cf.: capulum manubrium gladii vocatur, Paul. l. l. —Hence,

= membrum virile, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 29;

with the addition of coleorum,

Auct. Priap. 24, 7.—

Capulum, a halter for catching or fastening cattle, a lasso, Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 5; cf. capulo.

căpŭlus, i, m. (acc. to Gramm. also că-pŭlum, i, n., Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Non. p. 4, 21 sq.; Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 5) [capio; prop. the holder].

A sarcophagus, bier, sepulchre, tomb:

capulum... vocatur et id, quo mortuo efferatur, Paul. l. l.: capulum dicitur quicquid aliquam rem intra se capit: nam sarcophagum, id est sepulchrum, capulum dici veteres volunt, quod corpora capiat... Novius... Prius in capulo quam in curuli sellā. Lucilius Satyrarum libro secundo, quem illi quom vidissent... in capulo hunc non esse, aliumque cubare. Var. Cosmotorque, Propter cunam capulum positum nutrix tradit pollictori,

Non. p. 4, 21 sqq.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 222:

(feretrum) Latine capulus dicitur,

id. ib. 11, 64:

dum funera portant, Dum capulo nondum manus excidit,

Stat. Th. 3, 362:

monumentum quoddam conspicamur. Ibi capulos carie et vetustate semitectos, quis inhabitabant pulverei et jam cinerosi mortui,

App. M. 4, p. 150, 27:

capuli lecti funerei vel rogi in modum arae constructi, Placid. Gloss. tom. III. p. 451.—Hence: ire ad capulum,

to go to the grave, Lucr. 2, 1174; and sarcastically: capuli decus, one who deserves a bier = capularis, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 42.—

That by which any thing is seized or held, the handle:

aratri,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 57:

sceptri,

id. M. 7, 506.—Esp., the hilt of a sword, Cic. Fat. 3, 5; Verg. A. 2, 553; 10, 536; Ov. M. 7, 422; 12, 133; 12, 491; Petr. 82, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21; App. M. 1, p. 108 al.; cf.: capulum manubrium gladii vocatur, Paul. l. l. —Hence,

= membrum virile, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 29;

with the addition of coleorum,

Auct. Priap. 24, 7.—

Capulum, a halter for catching or fastening cattle, a lasso, Isid. Orig. 20, 16, 5; cf. capulo.

caulae or caullae, ārum, f. [apparently contr. from cavile, Varr. L. L. 5, § 20, p. 8 Bip., from cavus; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46].

In gen., an opening, hole, passage (so most freq. in Lucr.), Lucr. 2, 951; 3, 707:

per caulas corporis,

id. 3, 255; 3, 702; 6, 839:

per caulas palati,

id. 4, 620; 4, 660:

per caulas aetheris,

id. 6, 492: intra caulas (aedis Saturni), Lex Corn. XX Quaest. 2, 41; cf.:

caulae (Jani) pace clauduntur,

Macr. S. 1, 9; v. Lucr. 2, p. 374 sq. Lachm. —Hence,

Esp.

A sheepfold or cote, Verg. A. 9, 60 Serv.—

An enclosure, Inscr. Murat. 191, 3.

caulae or caullae, ārum, f. [apparently contr. from cavile, Varr. L. L. 5, § 20, p. 8 Bip., from cavus; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46].

In gen., an opening, hole, passage (so most freq. in Lucr.), Lucr. 2, 951; 3, 707:

per caulas corporis,

id. 3, 255; 3, 702; 6, 839:

per caulas palati,

id. 4, 620; 4, 660:

per caulas aetheris,

id. 6, 492: intra caulas (aedis Saturni), Lex Corn. XX Quaest. 2, 41; cf.:

caulae (Jani) pace clauduntur,

Macr. S. 1, 9; v. Lucr. 2, p. 374 sq. Lachm. —Hence,

Esp.

A sheepfold or cote, Verg. A. 9, 60 Serv.—

An enclosure, Inscr. Murat. 191, 3.

cis, prep. [pronom. stem ki-, whence -ce; Gr. e-kei; cf.: hic, sic, etc.] (far more rare than the kindr. citra), on this side (opp. uls, ultra, and trans; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 83 Müll.; Liv. 5, 35, 4; 5, 33, 9 al.); with acc.

In space.

With verb of motion (rare): eo die cis Tiberim redeundum est, Varr. ap. Non. p. 92, 11.—

With verb of rest: Oppius mons, terticeps cis lucum Exquilinum, Sacr. Argae. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 50 Müll.:

cis Tiberim redire,

Liv. 8, 14, 6:

Gallia cis Rhenum perdomita,

Sall. H. 1, 8 Dietsch; cf.:

quae cis Taurum sunt,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

cis Euphratem,

id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

Germanos, qui cis Rhenum incolunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3: hic primus cis Anienem cum rege Veientium conflixit. Liv. 4, 17, 18:

cis Taurum montem usque ad Halyn amnem,

id. 38, 38, 4:

cis Padum ultraque,

id. 5, 35, 4; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 32.—

In time, within (only in Plaut. and post-class. writers;

in the former always in connection with pauci): cis dies paucos,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 27:

paucos cis mensīs,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 42 Lorenz ad loc.:

cis paucas tempestates,

id. Most. 1, 1, 17:

cis pauculos dies,

Mamert. Grat. Act. Jul. 15:

cis mensem decimum,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 42, 1.—

Acc. to Priscian, also in other designations of limits = intra:

cis naturae leges, ut ultra naturae leges,

Prisc. p. 987 P.;

but the only passage cited for this meaning is: veniam petens, quod ei cis Vettios, Plautios dissimulavisset,

Tac. A. 11, 30 Ritter (Halm: ei Titios, Vettios; al. aliter), a very corrupt passage.

cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].

On this side:

citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

in Galliā citeriore,

id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

citerior Hispania,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

Arabia,

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

Oceanus,

Flor. 4, 12, 46:

ripa,

Vell. 2, 107, 1.—

As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.

In space:

(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

citima Persidis (sc. loca),

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —

Trop.:

deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

citerioris vitae minister,

private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—

In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

in antiquius citeriusve,

Vell. 1, 17, 2:

citeriore die (opp. longiore),

Dig. 23, 4, 15.—

In measure or degree, small, little:

citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

citerius debito resistere,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—

Hence,

cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).

Prop.

Adv.:

(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

ultra citraque pervolare,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

citra est Oglasa,

id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

citra fuere margines,

id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—

With acc.:

Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

citra Veliam,

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

citra mare,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

mare citra,

id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

citra flumen intercepti,

Liv. 21, 48, 6:

citra Tauri juga,

id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—

(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.

Adv.:

non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

Liv. 10, 25, 4:

citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

citra exsultare,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—

With acc.:

nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—

Trop.

Adv. of measure:

neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

culta citra quam debuit illa,

id. P. 1, 7, 55.—

With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

Nec virtus citra genus est,

is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

glans cum citra satietatem data est,

not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

fatigationem,

Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

scelus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

citra necem tua constitit ira,

id. ib. 2, 127:

usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —

In time (with acc. rare;

perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

Trojana tempora,

Ov. M. 8, 365:

juventam,

id. ib. 10, 84:

temporis finem,

Dig. 49, 16, 15.—

Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

Col. 2, 2, 20:

plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

Quint. 12, 6, 4:

Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

id. 12, 10, 9:

vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

id. 12, 2, 1; so,

accusationem,

id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

id. 2, 16, 13:

citra invidiam,

Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

citra ullum aliud incommodum,

id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

citra dolorem,

id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

morsum,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

vulnus,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

citra fidem,

Tac. Agr. 1:

citra speciem aut delectationem,

id. G. 16:

citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

Suet. Caes. 28:

commoda emeritorum,

id. Aug. 24:

spem omnium fortuna cessit,

Flor. 3, 1, 2:

etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—

cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

ultro ac citro commeare,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

qui ultro citroque navigarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

cursare ultro et citro,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

Liv. 44, 23, 2:

datā ultro citroque fide,

id. 29, 23, 5:

inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

ultro citroque versus,

Amm. 30, 3, 5.

cīvĭcus, a, um, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic, citizens (more rare than the class. civilis, and, except in the phrase civica corona, mostly poet.):

jura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23:

motus,

id. C. 2, 1, 1:

rabies,

id. ib. 3, 24, 26; Flor. 3, 21, 5; cf.

furor,

id. 4, 2, 75:

bella,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 126:

invidia,

Sil. 8, 21:

arma pro trepidis reis,

i. e. defence before a tribunal, Ov. F. 1, 22.—

Esp. corona civica, the civic crown, made of oak leaves (hence, civilis quercus, Verg. A. 6, 772, and querna corona. Ov. F. 1, 614; id. Tr. 3, 1, 36), the crown of highest distinction, except the corona obsidionalis, and bestowed upon him who had saved the life of a fellow-citizen in war;

its inscription was: OB CIVEM (CIVES) SERVATVM (SERVATOS),

Liv. 6, 20, 7; Plin. 16, 4, 3, § 7 sq.; Gell. 5, 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Planc. 30, 72; id. Pis. 3, 6; Liv 10, 46, 3, Dict. of Antiq. p 310. —Also subst.: cīvĭca, ae, f.:

civicam mereri,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 5:

aliquem civicā donare,

Quint. 6, 3, 79:

servati civis decus,

Tac. A. 12, 31 fin. —

Of or pertaining to a town or city: errare intra muros civicos, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (in Liv. 1, 40, 2, vicinae, not civicae, is the true reading).—No comp. or sup.

cīvĭcus, a, um, adj. [civis].

Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic, citizens (more rare than the class. civilis, and, except in the phrase civica corona, mostly poet.):

jura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23:

motus,

id. C. 2, 1, 1:

rabies,

id. ib. 3, 24, 26; Flor. 3, 21, 5; cf.

furor,

id. 4, 2, 75:

bella,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 126:

invidia,

Sil. 8, 21:

arma pro trepidis reis,

i. e. defence before a tribunal, Ov. F. 1, 22.—

Esp. corona civica, the civic crown, made of oak leaves (hence, civilis quercus, Verg. A. 6, 772, and querna corona. Ov. F. 1, 614; id. Tr. 3, 1, 36), the crown of highest distinction, except the corona obsidionalis, and bestowed upon him who had saved the life of a fellow-citizen in war;

its inscription was: OB CIVEM (CIVES) SERVATVM (SERVATOS),

Liv. 6, 20, 7; Plin. 16, 4, 3, § 7 sq.; Gell. 5, 6, 11 sq.; Cic. Planc. 30, 72; id. Pis. 3, 6; Liv 10, 46, 3, Dict. of Antiq. p 310. —Also subst.: cīvĭca, ae, f.:

civicam mereri,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 5:

aliquem civicā donare,

Quint. 6, 3, 79:

servati civis decus,

Tac. A. 12, 31 fin. —

Of or pertaining to a town or city: errare intra muros civicos, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 181 P. (in Liv. 1, 40, 2, vicinae, not civicae, is the true reading).—No comp. or sup.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

claudo ( * clōdo:

clodunt ita (oculos),

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).

Claudo:

forem cubiculi,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;

and, clausae fores,

Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:

conventus portus Varroni clausit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

januam serā,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

domum,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:

ostia,

Cat. 6, 231:

portas,

Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:

omnes aditus,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:

rivos,

to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:

ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

ocellos (in dying),

Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,

oculos,

Luc. 5, 28:

lumina,

Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:

clausis foribus,

Lucr. 4, 598.—

Cludo:

domum,

Tac. H. 1, 33:

Janum Quirinum ter clusit,

Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:

animam clusit dolor,

Luc. 8, 59.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

domus clausa contra cupiditatem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,

id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:

aures ad doctissimas voces,

id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:

cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,

Sen. Ep. 123, 9:

horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,

Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:

alicui iter,

id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:

alios incessus,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

sideritis sanguinem claudit,

i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:

cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

clausa consilia habere,

i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:

vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,

id. ib. 2, 828).—

To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).

Claudo:

cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:

opus,

Ov. F. 3, 384:

jus,

Luc. 5, 44:

labores ingentis belli,

Sil. 15, 655:

epistulam,

Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:

cenas lactucā,

Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:

cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—

Cludo:

cludere bella,

Stat. Th. 11, 58:

cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

opp. incipere,

id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):

cum versus cluditur,

id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—

Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,

aciem,

Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—

(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).

Claudo, with abl.:

locum aquā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:

quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,

Verg. A. 6, 734:

stabulis armenta,

id. G. 3, 352:

claudens textis cratibus pecus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:

ensem vaginā,

Luc. 5, 245:

aliquem Gyaro,

Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:

clausus domo,

id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:

intra domum,

id. H. 4, 49:

rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,

Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:

clauditur cubiculo aliquis,

Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:

in arcā,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:

claudam in curiā vos,

Liv. 23, 2, 9:

in tectis,

Ov. M. 3, 697:

(apes) in arbore inani,

id. F. 3, 743:

aquilonem in antris,

id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:

nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:

insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,

Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:

praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 23:

urbem operibus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:

urbem obsidione,

Nep. Epam. 8, 5:

adversarios locorum angustiis,

id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:

multitudine,

id. Milt. 5, 3:

hinc Tusco claudimur amni,

are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:

nemorum saltus,

Verg. E. 6, 56:

indagine collis,

Tib. 4, 3, 7:

silvas vastasque feras indagine,

Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:

insidiis altas valles,

Tib. 1, 4, 49:

cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,

Ov. F. 5, 371.—

Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:

venti clusi Nubibus,

Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—

Trop.:

numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:

nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,

id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.

I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:

pedibus verba,

i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:

quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,

Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):

clausa effringere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

in clauso linquere,

in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:

fructus clauso custodire,

Col. 12, praef. §

3: sub uno clauso,

id. 7, 6, 5:

clausa domorum,

Lucr. 1, 354:

clausa viarum,

id. 4, 612.

claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

co-gnosco, gnōvi, gnĭtum, 3 ( tempp. perff. contr. cognosti, Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

cognostis,

id. Hec. prol. 8:

cognoram,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 143; Cat. 66, 26:

cognoro,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2; id. Fam. 2, 11, 2 fin.: cognorim, Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 1:

cognoris,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; Lucr. 6, 534:

cognorit,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 11:

cognosses,

Cic. Fl. 21, 51; Cat. 91, 3:

cognossent,

Nep. Lys. 4 fin.:

cognosse,

Lucr. 1, 331; Cat. 90, 3; Ov. M. 15, 4 al.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 532; 2, 535), v. a. [nosco].

To become thoroughly acquainted with (by the senses or mentally), to learn by inquiring, to examine, investigate, perceive, see, understand, learn; and, in tempp. perff. (cf. nosco) to know (very freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. with acc., with acc. and inf., or a rel.-clause as object, and with ex, ab, the abl. alone, or per, with the source, etc., of the information, and with de.

By the senses:

credit enim sensus ignem cognoscere vere,

Lucr. 1, 697; 6, 194; Enn. Ann. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (v. 16 Vahl.); cf.:

doctas cognoscere Athenas,

Prop. 1, 6, 13; so,

regiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

domos atque villas,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

Elysios campos, etc.,

Tib. 3, 5, 23:

totum amnem,

Verg. A. 9, 245:

sepulcra,

Suet. Calig. 3:

Aegyptum proficisci cognoscendae antiquitatis,

Tac. A. 2, 59; cf. Nep. Att. 18, 1:

infantem,

Suet. Calig. 13:

si quid dignum cognitu,

worth seeing, Suet. Aug. 43 rem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 22:

ab iis Caesar haec dicta cognovit, qui sermoni interfuerunt,

Caes. B. C 3, 18 fin.:

si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros.. Incipiam, Verg A. 2, 10: verum, quod institui dicere, miserias cognoscite sociorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65:

aliquid et litteris et nuntiis cognoscere,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 1; 14, 5, 1; 14, 6 init.:

iter ex perfugis,

Sall. C. 57, 3; id. J. 112, 1 al:

per exploratores cognovit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22; 5, 49; 2, 11;

7, 16: deditio per nuntios cognita,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 22 Gerl.:

de Marcelli salute, Cic Fam. 4, 4, 3: de Bruto,

id. Att. 5, 21, 10;

Sall J. 73, 1: his (quibus) rebus cognitis very freq. in the historians,

Caes. B G. 1, 19, 1, 33; 2, 17; 4, 30 et saep., so in abl. absol. cognito, vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. 33, 41, 5, so id. 37, 13, 5, 44, 28, 4 al.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 647.—

Like the Engl. to know, the Heb. (v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v 3), and the Gr. gignôskô (v. Lidd. and Scott, under the word, III.), euphem of sexual intercourse, Ov. H. 6, 133 aliquam adulterio, Just 5, 2, 5, 22, 1, 13: cognita, Cat 61, 147; Tac. H 4, 44.—

Mentally, to become acquainted with, learn, recognize, know:

nihil certum sciri, nihil plane cognosci et percipi possit,

Cic. de Or 1, 51, 222, Lucr 2, 840;

quod Di vitiaci fratris summum in populum Romanum studium cognoverat,

Caes. B. G 1, 19; cf. Sall. C. 51, 16 quem tu, cum ephebum Temni cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51 et saep.: id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, knew by their weapons and insignia (diff. from ex and ab aliquo, to learn from any one, v ab), Caes. B G. 1, 22; Ov. P 2, 10, 1; Phaedr. 4, 21, 22.—With acc. and inf: nunc animam quoque ut in membris cognoscere possis esse, Lucr 3, 117; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: cum paucitatem mililum ex castrorum exiguitate cognosceret, Caes B G. 4, 30: aetatem eorum ex dentibus, Varr R. R. 2, 8 fin.:

sed Metello jam antea experimentis cognitum erat, genus Numidarum infidum... esse,

Sall. J 46, 3 al. —With acc. and part.:

aliter ac sperarat rempublicam se habentem,

Nep. Ham. 2, 1.—With rel.- clause:

tandem cognosti qui siem, Ter And. 3, 4, 7: id socordiāne an casu acciderit, parum cognovi,

Sall. J. 79, 5 al. —

To recognize that which is already known, acknowledge, identify (rare for agnosco): vereor, ne me quoque, cum domum ab Ilio cessim revertero, Praeter canem cognoscat nemo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 276, 9:

eum haec cognovit Myrrhina,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 32:

primum ostendimus Cethego signum: cognovit,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10; cf.:

sigilla, ova,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 86; Lucr. 2, 349:

pecus exceptum est, quod intra dies XXX. domini cognovissent,

to identify, Liv. 24, 16, 5; cf.:

ut suum quisque per triduum cognitum abduceret,

id. 3, 10, 1; Ov. F. 2, 185:

video et cognosco signum,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 45:

faciem suam,

Ov. A. A. 3, 508:

cognito regis corpore,

Just. 2, 6, 20:

mores,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 105.—So esp., to identify a person before a tribunal:

cum eum Syracusis amplius centum cives Romani cognoscerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14; 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

With the access. idea of individual exertion (cf. Gr. gignôskô), to seek or strive to know something, to inquire into, to investigate, examine (so freq. only as a jurid. and milit. t. t.):

accipe, cognosce signum,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 31.

Jurid. t. t., to examine a case in law, to investigate judicially (cf. cognitio):

Verres adesse jubebat, Verres cognoscebat, Verres judicabat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 21; Dig. 13, 4, 4 al.—So absol.:

si judicas, cognosce,

Sen. Med. 194.—With acc.:

causam,

Quint. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. 11, 1, 77 Spald. N. cr.:

causas,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118. COGNITIONES, Inscr. Orell. 3042.—With de:

de agro Campano,

Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53:

de Caesaris actis,

id. Att. 16, 16 B, 8:

de hereditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19:

hac de re,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10, § 27; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 85; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 62 al.; Suet. Aug. 55; 93; id. Tib. 33; id. Calig. 38 al.:

super aliquā re,

Dig. 23, 2, 13:

familiae herciscundae, i. e. ex actione familiae herciscundae,

ib. 28, 5, 35; cf. ib. 27, 2, 2.—

Transf., of critics and the criticising public:

cognoscere atque ignoscere, Quae veteres factitarunt, si faciunt novi,

Ter. Eun. prol. 42; cf. id. Hec. prol. 3 and 8.—And of private persons in gen.:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.—

Milit. t. t., to reconnoitre, to act the part of a scout:

qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus, qui cognoscerent, misit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21 al— Also merely to inquire into, examine:

numerum tuorum militum reliquiasque,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91 (al. recognoscere).—Hence, *

cognoscens, entis, P. a., acquainted with:

cognoscens sui,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25. —Subst. in jurid. lang., one who investigates judicially Inscr Orell 3151; 3185.—

* Adv.: cognoscenter, with knowledge, distinctly:

ut cognoscenter te videam,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 22.—

cognĭtus, a, um, P. a., known, acknowledged, approved. res penitus perspectae planeque cognitae, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108, cf. id. ib 1, 20, 92; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2. dierum ratio pervulgata et cognita, id. Mur 11, 25:

homo virtute cognitā et spectatā fide,

id. Caecin. 36, 104.—With dat.:

mihi Galba, Otho, Vitellius nec beneficio nec injuriā cogniti,

Tac. H. 1, 1, so Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 99.— Comp.:

cognitiora, Ov Tr. 4, 6, 28. cognitius,

id. M. 14, 15.— Sup.:

cognitissima,

Cat. 4, 14.

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.

Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):

in vincla bestiam nequissimam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:

bestias delectationis causā,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:

eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:

quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:

conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

aliquem in fenestram,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:

me in cellam cum illā,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:

in aediculam,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:

illum aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:

locum sulco,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:

piscina conclusa porticibus,

Suet. Ner. 31:

Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,

Curt. 5, 1, 15:

vulnera cerā,

Val. Fl. 1, 479:

venti procella conclusa,

Lucr. 6, 125:

concluso loco,

id. 4, 458:

primordia conclusa,

id. 3, 569:

suave locus voci resonat conclusus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:

conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,

Vitr. 6, 8, 4:

statio conclusa atque munita,

Dig. 50, 16, 59.—

Humorously:

non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—

Trop.

To include, compress, restrain, comprise:

omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:

ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,

i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:

concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:

uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,

Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:

in hanc formulam omnia judicia,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?

id. ib. 4, 12:

istum locum in unam speciem,

Quint. 6, 2, 1.—

(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:

facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:

(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,

id. Mur. 20, 41:

vitam,

Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:

crimen decumanum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:

ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,

id. Lael. 26, 109:

perorationem,

id. Or. 35, 122.—

In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:

verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

sententias,

id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;

Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

sensum non expleto numero,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:

verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),

id. 1, 5, 26:

versum,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—

In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:

singulas argumentationes,

Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.

argumentum,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:

argumentum ratione,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:

ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:

deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:

concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:

ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,

id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:

locus conclusior,

Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.

conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—

conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:

concluse apteque dicere,

Cic. Or. 53, 177.

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.

Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):

in vincla bestiam nequissimam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:

bestias delectationis causā,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:

eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:

quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:

conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

aliquem in fenestram,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:

me in cellam cum illā,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:

in aediculam,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:

illum aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:

locum sulco,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:

piscina conclusa porticibus,

Suet. Ner. 31:

Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,

Curt. 5, 1, 15:

vulnera cerā,

Val. Fl. 1, 479:

venti procella conclusa,

Lucr. 6, 125:

concluso loco,

id. 4, 458:

primordia conclusa,

id. 3, 569:

suave locus voci resonat conclusus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:

conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,

Vitr. 6, 8, 4:

statio conclusa atque munita,

Dig. 50, 16, 59.—

Humorously:

non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—

Trop.

To include, compress, restrain, comprise:

omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:

ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,

i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:

concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:

uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,

Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:

in hanc formulam omnia judicia,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?

id. ib. 4, 12:

istum locum in unam speciem,

Quint. 6, 2, 1.—

(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:

facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:

(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,

id. Mur. 20, 41:

vitam,

Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:

crimen decumanum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:

ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,

id. Lael. 26, 109:

perorationem,

id. Or. 35, 122.—

In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:

verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

sententias,

id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;

Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

sensum non expleto numero,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:

verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),

id. 1, 5, 26:

versum,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—

In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:

singulas argumentationes,

Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.

argumentum,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:

argumentum ratione,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:

ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:

deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:

concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:

ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,

id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:

locus conclusior,

Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.

conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—

conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:

concluse apteque dicere,

Cic. Or. 53, 177.

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.

Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):

in vincla bestiam nequissimam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:

bestias delectationis causā,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:

eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:

quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:

conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

aliquem in fenestram,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:

me in cellam cum illā,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:

in aediculam,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:

illum aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:

locum sulco,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:

piscina conclusa porticibus,

Suet. Ner. 31:

Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,

Curt. 5, 1, 15:

vulnera cerā,

Val. Fl. 1, 479:

venti procella conclusa,

Lucr. 6, 125:

concluso loco,

id. 4, 458:

primordia conclusa,

id. 3, 569:

suave locus voci resonat conclusus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:

conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:

longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,

Vitr. 6, 8, 4:

statio conclusa atque munita,

Dig. 50, 16, 59.—

Humorously:

non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—

Trop.

To include, compress, restrain, comprise:

omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:

ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,

i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:

concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:

uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,

Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:

in hanc formulam omnia judicia,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?

id. ib. 4, 12:

istum locum in unam speciem,

Quint. 6, 2, 1.—

(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:

facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:

(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:

provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,

id. Mur. 20, 41:

vitam,

Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:

crimen decumanum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:

ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,

id. Lael. 26, 109:

perorationem,

id. Or. 35, 122.—

In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:

verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

sententias,

id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;

Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

sensum non expleto numero,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:

verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),

id. 1, 5, 26:

versum,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—

In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:

singulas argumentationes,

Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.

argumentum,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:

argumentum ratione,

Cic. Or. 40, 137:

quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:

ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:

deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:

concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:

ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,

id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:

locus conclusior,

Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.

conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—

conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:

concluse apteque dicere,

Cic. Or. 53, 177.