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instruments+of

  • 101 ὁμαλός

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `equal, level, smooth' (ι 327).
    Other forms: ὁμαλής `id.' (Pl., X., Arist.; innovation, Schwyzer 513).
    Compounds: As 2. member e.g. in ἀν-ώμαλος `unequal' (IA.; comp. length.).
    Derivatives: ὁμαλ-ότης, - ητος f. `equality, even surface' (Pl., Arist.), - εύς m. `leveller' (who levels the bottom of the acker, pap. IIIa; Mayser I: 3, 15). Denominative Verbs: 1. ὁμαλ-ίζω, also w. δι-, ἐξ- a.o., `to level, to balance' (X., Arist.) with ὁμαλ-ισμός m. `levelling' (LXX, S.E.), - ιξις f. `levelling' (Delph., Didyma, - ιστῆρες m. pl. `instruments for levelling' ( Gloss.), - ιστρον H.; hardky to λίστρον. 2. ὁμαλ-ύνω, also w. δι-, προ-, συν-, `to make equal, to make level' (Hp., Pl., Arist.; Fraenkel Denom. 36f.) with - υντικός `equational' (Gal.). 3. *ἀν-ομαλ-όω in ἀνομάλω-σις f. `equalisation' (Arist.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [902] * somh₂(e)lo- `level, smooth'
    Etymology: Identical with Lat. similis `similar' (if - lis \< - los) in formation; in any case with o -ablaut from the l-stem in Lat. semel `once', Goth. simle `one time' = `once' etc.; beside it an n-stem in Germ., e.g. OWNo. saman `together etc.' (Benveniste Origines 43). Arm. amol `harnessed pair of cows' (Adontz Mél. Boisacq 1, 10) must remain far for its meaning, cf. Dumézil BSL 39, 241 f.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁμαλός

  • 102 ὅπλον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `implement, tool, instrument, marine instruments, esp. tackles, (heavy) weapon(s)' (Il.).
    Other forms: pl. mostly ὅπλα
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὁπλο-μάχ-ος `who fights with heavy weapons', - έω, - ία (Att.). ἔν-οπλος `under arms, armed' (Tyrt., S., E.) with ιο-enlagrement ἐν-όπλ-ιος `id.', also subst. (sc. ῥυθμός) as name of a military `rhythm' (Pi.); on ὑπέρ-οπλος s. v.
    Derivatives: 1. Dimin. ὁπλάριον (hell.). 2. Ο῝πλη-τες pl., gen. Όπλήθων name of one of the four oldest Ion. phyles (Hdt., Miletos); - θ- after πλῆθος or through breath-replacement? (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 156 n. 1, Glotta 32,30). 3. ὁπλί-της Dor. - τας m. `heavily armed (warriorr), hoplite' (Pi., IA.), f. - τις (Poll.), with - τικός, - τεύω, - τεία (Att.). 4. ὁπλ-ικός `pertaining to arms' (Vett. Val.). 5. Όπλεύς m. PN (Hes. Sc., Bosshardt 120: shortened form for Όπλο-μάχος v.t.?). 6. Όπλό-σμιος m. surn. of Zeus in Arcadia (Arist., inscr. IIIa), - σμία f. surn. of Hera in Elis etc. (Lyc.), - δμία f. name of a phyle in Mantinea (IVa); formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 208 w. lit. and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 96. 7. ὁπλίας Λοκροὶ τοὺς τόπους, ἐν οἷς συνελαύνοντες ἀριθμοῦσι τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τὰ βοσκήματα H.; unclear (s.v.). 8. ὁπλότερος, s. v. -- 9. Denomin. verbs: a) ὁπλέω = ὁπλίζω only in ὥπλεον ζ 73. b) ὁπλίζω, - ομαι, aor. ὁπλίσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, - σθῆναι, late perf. ὥπλικα, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐξ-, ἐφ-, καθ-, `to prepare', a.o. of food a. drinks (Hom.), `to arm, to equip (oneself)' (Il.) with ὅπλ-ισις f., - ισμός m. `arming, armament, equipment, equipage' (Att.), - ισμα n. `arm(s)' (E., Pl.), ἐξοπλισ-ία f. `equipment, position, muster, (military) review' (X., Ain. Tact. a.o.; on the fomation Schwyzer 469), also ἐξοπλασία f. `id.' (Arist., inscr.; prob. after δοκιμασία, γυμνασία a.o.); ὁπλιστής, Dor. - τάς m. `armed warrior', also attr. (Vett. Val., AP). c) ὅπλε-σθαι `to prepare' ( δεῖπνον Τ 172, Ψ 159), formation after the themat. root-pres. (Schwyzer 722 f.), if not simply a mistake of the tradition for ὁπλεῖσθαι with Solmsen Unt. 90 (s. also Risch $ 97. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 311 u. 351). -- On the use of ὅπλον and derivv. in Hom. s. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 81 ff.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [909] * sep- `care, prepare'
    Etymology: Greek formation with λ-suffix and ο-ablaut (Chantraine Form. 240) from old inherited ἕπω `care for, perpetrate'; s. v. w. lit.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅπλον

  • 103 προβοσκίς

    προβοσκίς, - ίδος
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `elefant's trunk' (Arist., hell.), also metaph. of the suction-pipe of an insect and of the two arms\/tentacles of the ten-armed squid (Arist.).
    Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]
    Etymology: Formation like ἀγκαλίς, ἐπιγουνίς, κοπίς and other names of body-parts and instruments, rather directly from βόσκω as from the rare βοσκός (cf. Chantraine Form. 338). The prefix has local sense as in πρό-δομος `space before' a.o.; so litt. "grazing in front". Diff. προβοσκός (- ος) m. `under-herder' (Hdt. 1, 113) as πρόδουλος. -- Lat. LW [loanword] proboscis, promuscis.
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  • 104 σκινδαψός

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: name of a musical instruments with four strings with thorn-like appendices (middl. com. a. o.), also des. for a senseless word (Artem., S.E. a.o.); name of an ivy-like plant (Clitarch.; cf. Dawkins JHSt. 56, 9 f.).
    Other forms: Without anl. σ-: κινδαψός (Timo, H.).
    Derivatives: σκινδαψιζόμενος ( σφυγμός) `vibrating like a σ.' (Gal.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Ending like the semant. quite remote λυκ-αψός, χορδ-αψός (s. λύκος and χορδή); further unclear foreign word like κιθάρα, βάρβιτος and many other instrument-names. Hypothetic suppositions by Stephanides PhilWoch. 50, 1438 ff. -- The word seems Pre-Greek without clear indications.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκινδαψός

  • 105 διαστολή

    διαστολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. διαστέλλω; in var. senses since Anaximander 23 [? s. Aetius 3, 3, 1]; Eupolis, Fgm. 11, 15 Demiańczuk; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:4; EpArist, Philo; Just., D. 20, 2) difference, distinction (so Chrysipp.: Stoic. II 158; Philod., De Pietate 123G; Ex 8:19 δώσω δ.; Philo, Mos. 2, 158—New Docs 2, 80 notes lack of evidence for this sense in ins and pap) Ro 3:22; δ. Ἰουδαίου τε καὶ Ἕλληνος distinction betw. a Jew and a Gentile 10:12. ἐὰν διαστολὴν τοῖς φθόγγοις μὴ δῷ if they (musical instruments) make no clear distinction in their tones 1 Cor 14:7 (s. Straub 83f).—DELG s.v. στέλλω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διαστολή

  • 106 κιθαρῳδός

    κιθαρῳδός, οῦ, ὁ (κιθάρα [above], ἀοιδός ‘singer’; Hdt., Pla.; Diphil. Com. Fgm. 75 Kock [Athen. 6, 247d]; Plut., Mor. 166a; Aelian, VH 4, 2; SIG [index]; OGI 51, 41 [III B.C.]; 352, 67; IPriene 113, 80; PEdgar 77 [=Sb 6783], 17 [257 B.C.]; Philo; Ar. 11, 1) lyre-player, harpist who plays an accompaniment to his own singing (the κιθαριστής plays the instrument without singing; both words together Philo, Agr. 35; differentiated Diog. L. 3, 88; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 102 carries the contrast back to two different instruments: κίθαρις [=λύρα] and κιθάρα) Rv 14:2; 18:22.—DELG s.v. κιθάρα. M-M.

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  • 107 μάχαιρα

    μάχαιρα, ης, ἡ (Hom.+. The Ptolemaic pap as a rule decline it [Mayser p. 12] μαχαίρας,-χαίρᾳ; likew. LXX [Thackeray p. 141f; Helbing p. 31ff]; ISm 4:2b; also mss. and some edd. of the NT. The pap fr. Roman times prefer-ρης, -ρῃ [isolated exx. fr. earlier times, e.g. PTebt 16, 14: 114 B.C.; 112, 45: 112 B.C.]; sim. 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; likew. the NT)
    ① a relatively short sword or other sharp instrument, sword, dagger Mt 26:47, 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:36, 38 (ASchlatter, Die beiden Schwerter: BFCT 20, 6, 1916; TNapier, ET 49, ’38, 467–70; IZolli, Studi e Mat. di Storia delle Rel. 13, ’38, 227–43; RHeiligenthal, NTS 41, ’95, 39–58. Field, Notes 76f suggests ‘knives’ here), 52; Rv 6:4; 13:10. ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀποθανεῖν be killed with the sword Hb 11:37 (Ex 17:13; Dt 13:16). ἀποσπᾶν τὴν μ. draw the sword Mt 26:51. Also σπάσασθαι τὴν μ. (1 Ch 21:5; 1 Esdr 3:22; Jos., Vi. 303) Mk 14:47; Ac 16:27. λαμβάνειν μάχαιραν take, grasp the sword (Jos., Vi. 173) Mt 26:52b (HKosmala, NovT 4, ’60, 3–5: Targum Is 50:11 as parallel); ἑλκύειν μ. J 18:10; πατάσσειν ἐν μ. strike w. the sword Lk 22:49. βάλλειν τὴν μ. εἰς τὴν θήκην put the sword into its sheath J 18:11; cp. Mt 26:52a. Of execution by the sword ISm 4:2ab. ἀναιρεῖν μαχαίρῃ have someone put to death w. the sword Ac 12:2; ἔχειν πληγὴν τῆς μ. have a sword-wound Rv 13:14. στόμα μαχαίρης the edge of the sword (cp. Gen 34:26; 2 Km 15:14; TestJud 5:5; Theod. Prodr. 1, 19 Hercher; 2, 264; 6, 101) Lk 21:24; Hb 11:34 (OHofius, ZNW 62, ’71, 129f); the corresponding figure μ. κατέδεται (cp. 2 Km 11:25; Theod. Prodr. 6, 122 H. ἔτρωγεν … τὸ ξίφος κρέα, ἔπινεν ἡ μ. πηγὰς αἱμάτων) 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:20). (S. also πίπτω 1bαא.) μ. δίστομος a double-edged sword (Judg 3:16; Pr 5:4) Hb 4:12 (for the interpretation ‘scalpel’ or ‘bistoury’ s. CSpicq, RB 58, ’51, 482–84 [difft. idem, Lexique s.v. δίστομο], but the chief objections to such renderings are the absence of references in ancient medical writers to a double-edged surgical instrument and their preference for the diminutive μαχαίριον in connection w. such instruments).
    ② in various images μ. sword stands for
    ⓐ violent death Ro 8:35
    ⓑ for war (Gen 31:26; SibOr 8, 120.—Opp. εἰρήνη.) Mt 10:34 (Harnack, ZTK 22, 1912, 4–6).
    ⓒ the powerful function of the divine word ἡ μ. τοῦ πνεύματοςthe sword of the Spirit, explained as the Word of God Eph 6:17 (cp. Hb 4:12 in 1 above).
    ⓓ the power of authorities to punish evildoers τὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖν carry the sword Ro 13:4 (cp. Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 25, 3 δικαστοῦ ξίφος ἔχοντος; Ulpian in Digest of Justinian 2, 1, 3).—B. 559; 1392. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

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  • 108 παίω

    παίω 1 aor. ἔπαισα (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; pap, LXX; PsSol 8:15; TestSol 2:12 D; Ath.; B-D-F §101 p. 55 s.v. τύπτειν)
    ① to make violent contact by thrusting with someth., strike
    ⓐ w. a body part strike, hit w. acc. of pers. (Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 10, 6; PSI 168, 15 [II B.C.] ἔπαισάν με; 2 Km 14:6; Jos., Bell. 2, 176) Mt 26:68; Lk 22:64.
    ⓑ w. sharp instruments strike, wound w. acc. of pers. (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 12; Diod S 11, 69, 5 παίει τῷ ξίφει τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην; 2 Km 20:10; TestJud 9:3 (Ch.); Jos., Ant. 4, 153) Mk 14:47; J 18:10.
    ⓒ w. a stinger sting, of scorpions (Aelian, NA 10, 23; Ael. Dion. ε, 8) w. acc. of pers. Rv 9:5.
    ② to inflict punishment, strike, fig. ext. of 1 (in quotations fr. Job in 1 Cl): ἔπαισεν αὐτοὺς σητὸς τρόπον 1 Cl 39:5 (Job 4:19). Abs. ἔπαισεν, καὶ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἰάσαντο 56:7 (Job 5:18).—B. 553. DELG. M-M.

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  • 109 περιτίθημι

    περιτίθημι fut. 3 sg. περιθήσει LXX; 1 aor. περιέθηκα; 2 aor. impv. 2 pl. περίθετε, ptc. περιθείς. Mid.: fut. 3 sg. περιθήσεται Wsd 5:18; aor. περιεθέμην LXX. Pass.: impf. περιετιθέμην; 1 aor. περιετέθην; pf. ptc. περιτεθειμένος (Hom. [in tmesis]+).
    ① put/place around/on τί τινι someth. around someone or someth. φραγμὸν αὐτῷ (=τῷ ἀμπελῶνι) περιέθηκεν a fence around a vineyard Mt 21:33; Mk 12:1 (the dat. is to be supplied here, as Is 5:2.—SIG 898, 7f. τὸν περίβολον ὸ̔ν περιέθηκε τῷ τεμένει). αὐτῷ περιετίθετο τὰ ὄργανα the wooden instruments (or firewood) were placed around him MPol 13:3 (Appian, Iber. §132 ξύλα περιθέντες αὐτῇ. Likew. Appian, Mithrid. 108 §512 ξύλα περιθέντες in order to ignite someth.). The bars or limits set for the sea 1 Cl 20:6 (cp. Job 38:10). σπόγγον καλάμῳ put a sponge on a reed Mt 27:48; Mk 15:36; cp. J 19:29. Put or lay pieces of clothing around, on someone (Herodian 3, 7, 5 χλαμύδα; OGI 383, 137; PSI 64, 17 [I B.C.]; Job 39:20; Jos., Ant. 6, 184; TestLevi 8:5, 6) χλαμύδα περιέθηκαν αὐτῷ Mt 27:28. Esp. of headbands, wreaths etc. (Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 2, 151a στέφανόν τινι. Several times LXX; PsSol 2:21; TestLevi 8:9; Philo, Mos. 2, 243) Mk 15:17; Lk 23:37 v.l. (RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 33f). κρεῖττον ἦν αὐτῷ περιτεθῆναι μύλον 1 Cl 46:8.—Var. prep. constrs. take the place of the dat.: π. τὸ ἔριον ἐπὶ ξύλον put the wool on a stick B 8:1 (cp. Gen 41:42). π. τὸ ἔριον περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν 7:8 (a quot. that cannot be identified w. certainty.—On π. περὶ τὴν κεφ. cp. Pla., Rep. 3, 406d).
    ② to cause a state to exist relative to an object, put on/ around, grant/bestow τί τινι someth. to/on someone ext. of 1 w. image of investiture in force (Hdt.+; SIG 985, 51; LXX; Philo, Aet. M. 41; Just., A II, 11, 7) τιμὴν π. w. the dat. show honor (OGI 331, 23; BGU 1141, 19 [14 B.C.]; Esth 1:20; cp. also Thu. 6, 89, 2 ἀτιμίαν τινὶ π.) 1 Cor 12:23. περιθεὶς τὴν εὐπρέπειαν τῇ κτίσει αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4.—M-M.

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  • 110 σάλπιγξ

    σάλπιγξ, ιγγος, ἡ (s. two next entries; Hom.+; Kaibel 1049, 7; New Docs 4, p. 19, ln. 5 at a gladiatorial contest; PHerm 121, 10; LXX; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 7 [Stone p. 30, 7]; ParJer 3:2; ApcSed; ApcEsdr 4:36 p. 29, 13 Tdf.; ApcMos; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 89 (military use), Ant. 3, 291, 7, 359; Tat. 1, 2; loanw. in rabb.)
    ① a wind instrument used esp. for communication, trumpet (Artem. 1, 56, p. 52, 15ff: the ἱερὰ ς. is straight, the military trumpet spiral) 1 Cor 14:8; Hb 12:19 (cp. Ex 19:16); Rv 1:10; 4:1; 8:2, 6, 13; 9:14; D 16:6; EpilMosq 4. μετὰ σάλπιγγος φωνῆς μεγάλης with a trumpet giving forth a blast Mt 24:31 v.l. (s. φωνή 1). ἤχησεν ς. κύριου the Lord’s trumpet sounded GJs 8:3 (cp. PsSol 8:1 φωνὴν σάλπιγγος ἠχούσης).
    ② the sound made or signal given by a trumpet, trumpet-call, trumpet-sound (Aristoph., Ach. 1001; X., R. Equ. 9, 11, Hipp. 3, 12; Aristot., Rhet. 3, 6; Polyb. 4, 13, 1; Ael. Aristid. 34, 22 K.=50 p. 554 D.: τῇ πρώτῃ ς.; s. Pollux 4, 88f on its loud sound; could be heard at a distance of 60 stadia Diod S 17, 106, 7) μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης with a loud trumpet-call Mt 24:31. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the sound of the last trumpet 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν σάλπιγγι θεοῦ (καταβήσεται ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ) at the call of the trumpet blown by God’s command 1 Th 4:16.—PKrentz, The Salpinx in Gk. Warfare, in Hoplites, The Classical Gk. Battle Experience, ed. VHanson ’91; JHale/MTunnell, ClBull 72, ’96, 118–24. For add. lit. s. ISBE III 449; TRE XXIII 455 (Israel’s musical instruments).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

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  • 111 σκεῦος

    σκεῦος, ους, τό (Aristoph., Thu.+)
    ① a material object used to meet some need in an occupation or other responsibility, gener. thing, object used for any purpose at all (e.g. a table: Diod S 17, 66, 5) Mk 11:16 (PCasey, CBQ 59, ’97, 306–32). σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον or ἐκ ξύλου Rv 18:12ab. Pl. (Diod S 13, 12, 6) Dg 2:2–4. Of all one has (Jos., Vi. 68; 69) τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ his property Lk 17:31.—Mt 12:29; Mk 3:27 (both in allusion to Is 49:24f).—By an added statement or via the context σκ. can become an object of a certain specific kind: τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας the equipment used in cultic service Hb 9:21 (ParJer 3:9; 11:18; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 389 τὰ πρὸς τὰς ἱερουργίας σκεύη). Also τὰ ἅγια σκεύη Ox 840, 14; 21; 29f (Jos., Bell. 2, 321; cp. Plut., Mor. 812b σκεῦος ἱερόν; Philo, Mos. 2, 94; Just., D. 52, 3 σκεύη ἱερά). τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving-anchor (Breusing 17ff; Blass and Haenchen ad loc.; Voigt [s. σκευή]. Differently HBalmer, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 355ff. See FBrannigan, TGl 25, ’33, 182–84; PEdg 6 [=Sb 6712], 10 [258 B.C.] ἄνευ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σκευῶν πλεῖν τὰ πλοῖα. Pl. also X., Oec. 8, 11f; ; TestJob 18:7 and elsewh. of ship’s gear; Arrian, Peripl. 5, 2 τὰ σκεύη τὰ ναυτικά. Eng. tr. have ‘gear’, ‘sails’). Ac 10:11, 16; 11:5 represent a transitional stage on the way to 2.
    ② a container of any kind, vessel, jar, dish, etc. (Aristoph., Thesm. 402; X., Mem. 1, 7, 5; Aelian, VH 12, 8; Herodian 6, 7, 7; LXX; Jos., Bell. 7, 106; 8, 89; PsSol 17:38; TestNapth 2:2; JosAs; Just., A I, 9, 2 ἐξ ἀτίμων … σκευῶν) Lk 8:16; J 19:29; 2 Ti 2:20 (four kinds as Plut., Caes. 730 [48, 7]). τὸ κενὸν σκεῦος Hm 11:13. ποιεῖν σκ. make a vessel 2 Cl 8:2. τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικά Rv 2:27 (s. κεραμικός). σκ. εἰς τιμήν or εἰς ἀτιμίαν (s. τιμή 2b) Ro 9:21; 2 Ti 2:21 (a fig. sense makes itself felt in the latter pass.).
    ③ a human being exercising a function, instrument, vessel fig. ext. of 1 or 2 (Polyb. 13, 5, 7 Δαμοκλῆς ὑπηρετικὸν ἦν ς.) for Christ Paul is a σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς a chosen instrument Ac 9:15.—Of the body, in which the Spirit dwells (cp. TestNapht 8:6 ὁ διάβολος οἰκειοῦται αὐτὸν ὡς ἴδιον σκεῦος; ApcMos 16 γενοῦ μοι σκεῦος; and the magical prayer in FPradel, Griech. u. südital. Gebete1907, p. 9, 11f ἐξορκίζω σε ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ σκεύους τούτου) Hm 5, 1, 2. Christ’s body as τὸ σκ. τοῦ πνεύματος the vessel of the Spirit B 7:3; 11:9; cp. τὸ καλὸν σκεῦος 21:8 (of the human body, as ApcSed 11:5 [p. 134, 17 Ja.] ὦ χεῖρες … διʼ ἃς τὸ σκεῦος τρέφεται; cp. 10 [ln. 25 Ja.]; 11 [ln. 27 Ja.]). On the human body as ὀστράκινα σκεύη 2 Cor 4:7, s. ὀστράκινος. Those who are lost are σκεύη ὁργῆς Ro 9:22 (cp. Jer 27:25.—CDodd, JTS 5, ’54, 247f: instruments of judgment; sim. AHanson, JTS 32, ’81, 433–43), those who are saved σκ. ἐλέους vs. 23.—1 Pt 3:7 woman is called ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (ἀσθενής 2a). τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος 1 Th 4:4 from antiquity has been interpreted to mean one’s own body (Theodoret, Calvin, Milligan, Schlatter, MDibelius; RKnox, transl. ’44; CCD transl. ’41, mg.; NRSV) or one’s own wife (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Schmiedel, vDobschütz, Frame, Oepke; WVogel, ThBl 13, ’34, 83–85; RSV et al.). The former interpr. is supported by passages cited at the beg. of this section 3, and the latter is in accord w. rabb. usage (Billerb. III 632f. S. also κτάομαι 1). Also probable for 1 Th 4:4 is ‘penis’ (so Antistius [I A.D.] in Anthol. Plan. 4, 243; Aelian, NA 17, 11; cp. the euphemistic Lat. ‘vasa’ in this sense: Plautus, Poenulus. 863; s. MPoole, Synopsis Criticorum Ali. Sacrae Script., rev. ed.1694, V col. 908; on sim. usage at Qumran s. TElgvin, NTS 43, ’97, 604–19; NAB [1970] renders guarding his member [difft. rev. ed. of NAB, 1986]. Cp. KDonfried, NTS 31, ’85, 342). In such case κτᾶσθαι must mean someth. like ‘gain control of’, etc.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σκεῦος

  • 112 συμφωνία

    συμφωνία, ας, ἡ (s. σύμφωνος; Pla. et al.; pap, LXX; EpArist 302; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 170; 179; Tat. 12, 3) in our lit. only in one pass., as a term dealing w. music Lk 15:25. It is variously interpreted:
    ① the sound produced by several instruments, music (Paradoxogr. Flor. 43).
    ② a group of performing musicians, band, orchestra (PFlor 74, 5; 18; POxy 1275, 9; 12; 24 συμφωνία αὐλητῶν καὶ μουσικῶν).
    ③ a wind instrument (Polyb. 26, 1, 4 μετὰ κερατίου καὶ συμφωνίας; Athen. 13, 594e χορῷ μεγάλῳ κ. παντοίοις ὀργάνοις κ. συμφωνίαις; Da 3:5, 15 v.l. Loanw. in rabb. w. the mng. ‘double flute’ [Billerb. IV 396, 400]). Acc. to PBarry, JBL 23, 1904, 180ff; 27, 1908, 99ff a kind of bagpipe. Against this GMoore, JBL 24, 1905, 166ff. PSchmitt-Pantel, La cité au banquet, histoire des repas publics dans les cités grecques ’92 (s. SEG XLII, 1746 on vocabulary of banquets).—DELG s.v. φωνή. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > συμφωνία

  • 113 φθόγγος

    φθόγγος, ου, ὁ (φθέγγομαι; Hom.+; PGM 7, 775; 778; Philo) any clear or distinct sound
    ⓐ of musical instruments tone (Pla., Leg. 812d; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 5, 21 p. 181, 19.—Wsd 19:18) 1 Cor 14:7.
    ⓑ of the human voice (Hom. et al.) ἐξῆλθεν ὁ φθόγγος αὐτῶν Ro 10:18 (cp. Ps 18:5).—DELG s.v. φθέγγομαι. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > φθόγγος

  • 114 ψάλλω

    ψάλλω fut. ψαλῶ (Aeschyl.+; ins, LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 26f [Stone p. 54]; TestJob 14:2, 4; Jos., Ant. 11, 67; 12, 349; Just.; Mel., P. 80, 588; Did.) in our lit., in accordance w. OT usage, to sing songs of praise, with or without instrumental accompaniment, sing, sing praise w. dat. of the one for whom the praise is intended τῷ ὀνόματί σου ψαλῶ Ro 15:9 (Ps 17:50). ψαλλῶ σοι B 6:16 (Ps 107:4). τῷ κυρίῳ Eph 5:19: in this pass. a second dat. is added τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν in or with your hearts; here ψ. is found with ᾂδω (as Ps 26:6; 32:3; 56:8), and the question arises whether a contrast betw. the two words is intended. The original mng. of ψ. was ‘pluck’, ‘play’ (a stringed instrument); this persisted at least to the time of Lucian (cp. Par. 17). In the LXX ψ. freq. means ‘sing’, whether to the accompaniment of an instrument (Ps 32:2, 97:5 al.) or not, as is usually the case (Ps 7:18; 9:12; 107:4 al.). This focus on singing continued until ψ. in Mod. Gk. means ‘sing’ exclusively; cp. ψάλτης=singer, chanter, w. no ref. to instrumental accompaniment. Although the NT does not voice opposition to instrumental music, in view of Christian resistance to mystery cults, as well as Pharisaic aversion to musical instruments in worship (s. EWerner, art. ‘Music’, IDB 3, 466–69), it is likely that some such sense as make melody is best understood in this Eph pass. Those who favor ‘play’ (e.g. L-S-JM; ASouter, Pocket Lexicon, 1920; JMoffatt, transl. 1913) may be relying too much on the earliest mng. of ψάλλω. ψ. τῷ πνεύματι and in contrast to that ψ. τῷ νοί̈ sing praise in spiritual ecstasy and in full possession of one’s mental faculties 1 Cor 14:15. Abs. sing praise Js 5:13. WSmith, Musical Aspects of the NT, ’62; HSeidel, TRE XXIII 441–46.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ψάλλω

  • 115 ἁρμόζω

    ἁρμόζω fut. 3 sg. ἁρμόσει Eccl 17:7; 1 aor. ἥρμοσα, mid. ἡρμοσάμην. Pass.: 1 aor. ἡρμόσθην; pf. ἥρμοσμαι (s. ἁρμογή; Hom.+; on the spelling s. Crönert 135; 245).
    ① to be appropriate as part of a whole, fit, fit in intr.τινί with someth. (Diod S 23, 12, 1; PSI 442, 12 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 3, 516; cp. C. Ap. 2, 188; Just., D. 67, 10) of stones in a building ἁ. τοῖς λοιποῖς fit in w. the others Hs 9, 7, 2; cp. v 3, 7, 6. For this ἁ. μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν λίθων Hs 9, 7, 4; ἁ. εἴς τι fit into someth. v 3, 2, 8; 3, 6, 5; 3, 7, 5; Hs 9, 9, 3.
    ② to bring into close association, join trans. (Maximus Tyr. 15, 3a λίθους; Jos., Ant. 6, 189 a stone into a sling; φθόγγους Ath. 16, 2) τὶ εἴς τι Hs 9, 8, 4. Pass. Hv 3, 2, 6; Hs 9, 4, 2f; 9, 8, 5ff; 9, 9, 4; 9, 15, 4.—Harmonize, pass. be harmonized μετακόσμια ἁρμόζεται are harmonized Dg 12:9 (text uncertain, s. μετακόσμιος). τὰ πρὸς τ. πυρὰν ἡρμοσμένα ὄργανα the material (wood) or instruments of wood prepared for the pyre MPol 13:3 (cp. Just., D. 19, 6 ἁρμοσάμενος πρὸς τὸν λαόν; s. ὄργανον).—Of betrothal and marriage join or give in marriage, betroth (t.t. Pind., Hdt.+ [Nägeli 25]; Pr 19:14; Jos., Ant. 20, 140), mid. ἁρμόζεσθαι τ. θυγατέρα τινός become engaged to someone’s daughter (cp. POxy 906, 7). The mid. is used for the act. in one isolated case (B-D-F §316, 1) ἡρμοσάμην ὑμᾶς ἑνὶ ἀνδρί I betrothed you to one man 2 Cor 11:2 (cp. Parthenius 6, 3; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 67 τὸν πιστόν, ᾧ τὴν Αἰθιόπισσαν αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς ἡρμόσατο, Abr. 100; s. Mlt. 160).—Batey, NT Nuptial Imagery, ’71.—DELG s.v. ἅρμα. M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἁρμόζω

  • 116 ἄψυχος

    ἄψυχος, ον (s. ψυχή; since Archilochus [VII B.C.] 104 Diehl2; Simonides 116 D.; PGM 7, 441; LXX, Philo; Just., A I, 9, 1; Ath.) inanimate, lifeless of musical instruments (Eur., Ion 881; Plut., Mor. 9c) 1 Cor 14:7.—Of cult images (Wsd 13:17; 14:29; Just. A I, 9, 1.—Of statues of deities: Heraclitus in Celsus 1, 5; Timaeus Hist.: 566 Fgm. 32 p. 610, 9 Jac. [Athen. 6, 250a]; Philo, Congr. Erud. Grat. 48; Ath. 23, 1) Dg 2:4.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄψυχος

  • 117 ἠχέω

    ἠχέω fut. ἠχήσω LXX; aor. ἤχησα LXX (s. next entry; Hes. et al.) in our lit. only intr. (cp. 3 Km 1:41; Is 16:11; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 28) sound, ring out of brass instruments χαλκὸς ἠχῶν (cp. Hdt. 4, 200; Pla., Prot. 329a) 1 Cor 13:1. ἤχησεν σάλπιγξ Κυρίου GJs 8:3 (cp. PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος ἠχούσης σφαγὴν καὶ ὄλεθρον). Roar, thunder of the sea (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 1 ἠχοῦσα θάλασσα; Ps 45:4; Jer 5:22) Lk 21:25 v.l. (on the Peshitta here, s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 261f).—DELG s.v. ἠχή.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἠχέω

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