indulgeō

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indulgĕo, si, tum, 2, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; cf. dulcis], to be courteous or complaisant; to be kind, tender, indulgent to; to be pleased with or inclined to, to give one ' s self up to, yield to, indulge in a thing (as joy or grief); to concede, grant, allow.

V. n. (class.); constr. with the dat.

In gen.:

Aeduorum civitati Caesar praecipue indulserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 7, 40:

sic sibi indulsit, ut, etc.,

indulged himself so, took such liberties, Nep. Lys. 1, 3:

indulgebat sibi liberalius, quam, ut, etc.,

id. Chabr. 3:

irae,

Liv. 3, 53, 7:

indulgent sibi latius ipsi,

Juv. 14, 234:

ipsa sibi imbecillitas indulget,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

indulgent consules legionum ardori,

Liv. 9, 43, 19:

dolori,

Nep. Reg. 1:

genio,

Pers. 5, 151:

amori,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

precibus,

id. ib. 4, 15, 11:

gaudio,

id. ib. 5, 15, 1:

desiderio alicujus,

id. ib. 10, 34, 1:

odio,

Liv. 40, 5, 5:

lacrimis,

Ov. M. 9, 142: animo, to give way to passion or to anger, id. ib. 12, 598:

regno,

to delight in, Luc. 7, 54:

ordinibus,

give room to, set apart, Verg. G. 2, 277.—

With acc. of the person (ante-class. and poet.): eri, qui nos tantopere indulgent, Afran. ap. Non. 502, 11 (Fragm. Com. v. 390 Rib.):

te indulgebant,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 34; id. Eun. 2, 1, 16.— Pass.: animus indulgeri potuisset, be pleased, Gell. praef. 1.—

Esp., to give one ' s self up to, to be given or addicted to, to indulge in:

veteres amicitias spernere, indulgere novis,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

labori,

Verg. A. 6, 135:

theatris,

Ov. R. Am. 751:

eloquentiae,

Quint. 10, 1, 84:

somno,

Tac. A. 16, 19.— Pass. impers.:

nihil relicturus, si aviditati indulgeretur, quod in aerarium referret,

Liv. 45, 35, 6:

sero petentibus non indulgebitur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 164.—

V. a., to concede, allow, grant, permit, give, bestow as a favor, confer (post- Aug.):

alicui usum pecuniae,

Suet. Aug. 41:

ornamenta consularia procuratoribus,

id. Claud. 24:

damnatis arbitrium mortis,

id. Dom. 11:

insignia triumphi indulsit Caesar,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

patientiam flagello,

i. e. to submit to patiently, Mart. 1, 105, 3:

nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

grants no power, Juv. 2, 140:

basia plectro,

id. 6, 384:

si forte indulsit cura soporem,

id. 13, 217:

veniam pueris,

to make allowance for, id. 8, 168.—

With inf. ( poet.):

incolere templa,

Sil. 14, 672.— Pass.:

qui jam nunc sanguinem meum sibi indulgeri aequum censet,

Liv. 40, 15, 16:

rerum ipsa natura in eo quod indulsisse homini videtur, etc.,

Quint. 12, 1, 2:

abolitio reorum, quae publice indulgetur,

is granted, Dig. 48, 16, 17. —

Se alicui, in mal. part., Juv. 2, 165 al.—Hence, indulgens, entis, P. a.

Indulgent, kind, or tender to one, fond of one; constr. with dat., or in with acc. (class.).

With dat.:

obsequium peccatis indulgens praecipitem amicum ferri sinit,

Cic. Lael. 24, 89.—

With in and acc.:

civitas minime in captivos indulgens,

Liv. 22, 61, 1. —

Absol.:

quo ipsum nomen amantius, indulgentiusque maternum, hoc illius matris singulare scelus,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

ministri irarum,

Liv. 24, 25, 9. —

Addicted to:

aleae indulgens,

addicted to dicing, Suet. Aug. 70.—

In pass., fondly loved: fili, indulgentissime adulescens, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 10, 13.— Adv.: indulgenter, indulgently, kindly, tenderly:

nimis indulgenter loqui,

Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:

bestiae multa faciunt indulgenter,

id. Fin. 2, 33, 109. — Comp.:

dii alios indulgentius tractant,

Sen. Ben. 4, 32.— Sup.:

indulgentissime,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 5.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

indultus, a, um, Part., from indulgeo.

indultus, ūs, m. [indulgeo], leave, permission (late Lat.):

indultu clementiae tuae scribere,

Sid. Ep. 1, 11.

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ignosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 ( plqpf. sync. ignosset, Sil. 8, 619; part. fut. ignosciturus, Piso Frugi ap. Prisc. p. 887; Ambros. de Noë, 13, 47; also ignoturus, Cic. ap. Prisc. p. 886), v. a. [2. in-gnosco, nosco; lit., not to wish to know, not to search into; hence, with esp. reference to a fault or crime], to pardon, forgive, excuse, overlook (class.; syn.: parco, indulgeo); constr. alicui ( aliquid, quod, si, etc.), with simple aliquid or absol.

Alicui ( aliquid, quod, si, etc.):

hoc ignoscant dii immortales, velim, et populo Romano et huic ordini,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13; so,

ut eis delicta ignoscas,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 68:

velim mihi ignoscas, quod ad te scribo tam multa toties,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3:

abs te peto ut mihi hoc ignoscas,

id. ib. 1, 1, 4:

mihi, quaeso, ignoscite, si appello talem virum saepius,

id. Agr. 2, 18, 49:

ne discamus nobis ignoscere,

Quint. 11, 2, 45; 10, 3, 29; cf.:

adeo familiare est hominibus, omnia sibi ignoscere,

Vell. 2, 30, 3:

at vos vobis ignoscitis,

make excuses for, justify, Juv. 8, 181; so,

ipsi populo,

id. 8, 189.— With dat. rei:

ignoscas velim huic festinationi meae,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 1:

inscitiae meae et stultitiae,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 62:

delictis,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 37:

vitiis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 131:

dictis,

Juv. 1, 154:

his (sc. factis),

id. 13, 103 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

ignosci nobis postulabimus,

Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25:

ea jam aetate sum, ut non sit peccato mihi ignosci aequum,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 10:

tabellam dedit, quia ignosceretur iis, quos, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 33:

mihi profecto poterit ignosci, si, etc.,

Quint. 4 praef. §

5: deprecatores, quibus non erat ignotum,

Cic. Att. 11, 14, 1:

exemplis uti oportebit, quibus in simili excusatione non sit ignotum: et contentione, magis illis ignoscendum fuisse,

id. Inv. 2, 32, 100.—

With a simple acc. (very rare;

not in Cic.): orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 101:

equidem istuc factum ignoscam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 34:

parvum si Tartara nossent Peccatum ignovisse,

Verg. Cul. 293.—In pass.:

ego esse in hac re culpam meritam non nego, sed eam, quae sit ignoscenda,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 26:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

id. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.—

Absol. (rare but class.):

ignosce: orat, confitetur, purgat: quid vis amplius?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 46:

quotiens ignoscimus (in dicendo),

Quint. 6, 2, 14:

ad ejus facti deprecationem ignoscendi petenda venia est,

Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131; cf. id. Pis. 41, 98:

contemnere fulmina pauper creditur atque deos, dis ignoscentibus ipsis,

i. e. conniving, winking, Juv. 3, 146.— Pass. impers.:

ignotum est, tacitum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 28.—Hence, ignoscens, entis, P. a., forgiving, inclined to forgiveness, placable:

animus ignoscentior,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 32.