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  • 101 cano

    căno, cĕcĭni, cantum (ancient imp. cante = canite, Carm. Sal. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; fut. perf. canerit = cecinerit, Lib. Augur. ap. Fest. s. v. rumentum, p. 270 ib.; perf. canui = cecini, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 384, predominant in concino, occino, etc.—Examples of sup. cantum and part. cantus, canturus, a, um, appear not to be in use; the trace of an earlier use is found in Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.: canta pro cantata ponebant;

    once canituri,

    Vulg. Apoc. 8, 13), 3, v. n. and a. [cf. kanassô, kanachê, konabos; Germ. Hahn; Engl. chanticleer; kuknos, ciconice; Sanscr. kōkas = duck; Engl. cock], orig. v. n., to produce melodious sounds, whether of men or animals; later, with a designation of the subject-matter of the melody, as v. a., to make something the subject of one ' s singing or playing, to sing of, to celebrate, or make known in song, etc.
    I. A.
    Of men:

    si absurde canat,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 9:

    celebrare dapes canendo,

    Ov. M. 5, 113:

    si velim canere vel voce vel fidibus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122; Quint. 5, 11, 124; 1, 8, 2; Gell. 19, 9, 3:

    quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere non possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338; cf.:

    tibia canentum,

    Lucr. 4, 587; 5, 1384; Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Quint. 1, 10, 14:

    curvo calamo,

    Cat. 63, 22:

    harundine,

    Ov. M. 1, 683; Suet. Caes. 32:

    cithara,

    Tac. A. 14, 14:

    lituus quo canitur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30; Verg. E. 2, 31:

    movit Amphion lapides canendo,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 2; Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 417 al.; Cic. Brut. 50, 187.—
    2.
    Of the faulty delivery of an orator, to speak in a sing-song tone:

    inclinată ululantique voce more Asiatico canere,

    Cic. Or. 8, 27; cf. canto and canticum.—
    B.
    Of animals (usu. of birds, but also of frogs), Varr. L. L. 5, § 76 Müll.:

    volucres nullă dulcius arte canant,

    Prop. 1, 2, 14; Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

    merula canit aestate, hieme balbutit,

    Plin. 10, 29, 42, § 80; 10, 32, 47, § 89:

    ranae alio translatae canunt,

    id. 8, 58, 83, § 227.—Of the raven, Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12.—Esp., of the crowing of a cock:

    galli victi silere solent, canere victores,

    to crow, Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56; v. the whole section; id. ib. 2, 26, 56, § 57; Col. 8, 2, 11; Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49 (cf. also cantus):

    gallina cecinit, interdixit hariolus (the crowing of a hen being considered as an auspicium malum),

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 27.—

    In the lang. of the Pythagoreans, of the heavenly bodies (considered as living beings),

    the music of the spheres, Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27.—
    C.
    Transf., of the instruments by which, or ( poet.) of the places in which, the sounds are produced, to sound, resound:

    canentes tibiae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:

    maestae cecinere tubae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 9:

    frondiferasque novis avibus canere undique silvas,

    and the leafy forest everywhere resounds with young birds, Lucr. 1, 256; Auct. Aetn. 295.
    II. A.
    With carmen, cantilenam, versus, verba, etc., to sing, play, rehearse, recite:

    cum Simonides cecinisset, id carmen, quod in Scopam scripsisset,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

    carmina quae in epulis canuntur,

    id. Brut. 18, 71:

    in eum (Cossum) milites carmina incondita aequantes eum Romulo canere,

    Liv. 4, 20, 2:

    Ascraeum cano carmen,

    Verg. G. 2, 176; Suet. Caes. 49; Curt. 5, 1, 22: canere versus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 36 Müll. (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.); Cic. Or. 51, 171; id. Brut. 18, 71:

    neniam,

    Suet. Aug. 100: idyllia erôtika, Gell. 19, 9, 4, § 10:

    verba ad certos modos,

    Ov. F. 3, 388:

    Phrygium,

    Quint. 1, 10, 33 Spald.—The homog. noun is rarely made the subject of the act. voice:

    cum in ejus conviviis symphonia caneret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 105.—
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Carmen intus canere, to sing for one ' s self, i. e. to consult only one ' s own advantage, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; v. Aspendius.—
    b.
    Cantilenam eandem canis, like the Gr. to auto adeis asma, ever the old tune, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 10; v. cantilena.—
    B.
    With definite objects.
    a.
    In gen., to sing, to cause to resound, to celebrate in song, to sing of, Lucr. 5, 328:

    laudes mortui,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 70 Müll.:

    canere ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 1, 10, 31; Liv. 45, 38, 12:

    puellis carmine modulato laudes virtutum ejus canentibus,

    Suet. Calig. 16 fin.:

    dei laudes,

    Lact. 6, 21, 9:

    deorum laudes,

    Val. Max. 1, 8, ext. 8.—So with de:

    canere ad tibicinem de clarorum hominum virtutibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 3 (cf. cantito):

    praecepta,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

    jam canit effectos extremus vinitor antes,

    Verg. G. 2, 417 Wagn. N. cr.:

    nil dignum sermone,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 4:

    quin etiam canet indoctum,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 9:

    grandia elate, jucunda dulciter, moderata leniter canit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 24; Cat. 63, 11:

    Io! magna voce, Triumphe, canet,

    Tib. 2, 5, 118; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 52; cf. Hor. C. 4, 2, 47:

    haec super arvorum cultu pecorumque canebam,

    Verg. G. 4, 559 Wagn.: et veterem in limo ranae cecinere querelam, croaked (according to the ancient pronunciation, kekinere kuerelam, an imitation of the Aristophanic Brekekekex; v. the letter C), id. ib. 1, 378; Lucr. 2, 601:

    anser Gallos adesse canebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 656:

    motibus astrorum nunc quae sit causa, canamus,

    Lucr. 5, 510:

    sunt tempestates et fulmina clara canenda,

    id. 6, 84.—
    b.
    With pers. objects ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    canitur adhuc barbaras apud gentes (Arminius),

    Tac. A. 2, 88:

    Herculem... ituri in proelia canunt,

    id. G. 2:

    Dianam,

    Cat. 34, 3:

    deos regesve,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 13:

    Liberum et Musas Veneremque,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 10:

    rite Latonae puerum,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 37;

    1, 10, 5: plectro graviore Gigantas, Ov M. 10, 150: reges et proelia,

    Verg. E. 6, 3; Hor. C. 4, 15, 32:

    arma virumque,

    Verg. A. 1, 1:

    pugnasque virosque,

    Stat. Th. 8, 553:

    maxima bella et clarissimos duces,

    Quint. 10, 1, 62.—Very rarely, to celebrate, without reference to song or poetry:

    Epicurus in quădam epistulă amicitiam tuam et Metrodori grata commemoratione cecinerat,

    Sen. Ep. 79, 13.—Esp. of fame, to trumpet abroad:

    fama facta atque infecta canit,

    Verg. A. 4, 190:

    fama digna atque indigna canit,

    Val. Fl. 217 al. —And prov., to sing or preach to the deaf:

    non canimus surdis,

    Verg. E. 10, 8: praeceptorum, quae vereor ne vana surdis auribus cecinerim. Liv. 40, 8, 10.—
    C.
    Since the responses of oracles were given in verse, to prophesy, foretell, predict.
    a.
    In poetry:

    Sibylla, Abdita quae senis fata canit pedibus,

    Tib. 2, 5, 16; cf.:

    horrendas ambages,

    Verg. A. 6. 99; 3, [p. 280] 444:

    fera fata,

    Hor. C. 1, 15, 4; cf. id. Epod. 13, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 58; Tib. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. 3, 3, 36; 1, 6, 50; Hor. C. S. 25:

    et mihi jam multi crudele canebant Artificis scelus,

    Verg. A. 2, 124; Hor. S. 1, 9, 30.—
    b.
    In prose:

    ut haec quae nunc fiunt, canere di inmortales viderentur,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

    non haec a me tum tamquam fata... canebantur?

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    eum, qui ex Thetide natus esset, majorem patre suo futurum cecinisse dicuntur oracula,

    Quint. 3, 7, 11; Just. 11, 7, 4; 7, 6, 1; Tac. A. 2, 54; id. H. 4, 54:

    cecinere vates, idque carmen pervenerat ad antistitem fani Dianae,

    Liv. 1, 45, 5; 5, 15, 4 sq.; 1, 7, 10; Tac. A. 14, 32; Liv. 30, 28, 2; cf. Nep. Att. 16, 4; cf.

    of philosophers, etc.: ipsa memor praecepta Canam,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11 Orell. ad loc.; cf.:

    quaeque diu latuere, canam,

    Ov. M. 15, 147.
    III.
    In milit. lang., t. t., both act. and neutr., of signals, to blow, to sound, to give; or to be sounded, resound.
    A.
    Act.:

    bellicum (lit. and trop.) canere, v. bellicus: classicum, v. classicus: signa canere jubet,

    to give the signal for battle, Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1:

    Pompeius classicum apud eum (sc. Scipionem) cani jubet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82.— Absol. without signum, etc.: tubicen canere coepit, Auct. B. Afr. 82; cf. Flor. 4, 2, 66.—
    B.
    Neutr.:

    priusquam signa canerent,

    Liv. 1, 1, 7:

    ut attendant, semel bisne signum canat in castris,

    id. 27, 47, 3 and 5; 23, 16, 12;

    24, 46 (twice): repente a tergo signa canere,

    Sall. J. 94, 5; Liv. 7, 40, 10; Verg. A. 10, 310; Flor. 3, 18, 10:

    classicum apud eos cecinit,

    Liv. 28, 27, 15.—
    2.
    Receptui canere, to sound a retreat:

    Hasdrubal receptui propere cecinit (i. e. cani jussit),

    Liv. 27, 47, 2; Tac. H. 2, 26.— Poet.:

    cecinit jussos receptus,

    Ov. M. 1, 340.—And in Livy impers.:

    nisi receptui cecinisset,

    if it had not sounded a counter-march, Liv. 26, 44, 4:

    ut referrent pedem, si receptui cecinisset,

    id. 3, 22, 6.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    revocante et receptui canente senatu,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

    ratio abstrahit ab acerbis cogitationibus a quibus cum cecinit receptui,

    id. Tusc. 3, 15, 33:

    antequam (orator) in has aetatis (sc. senectutis) veniat insidias, receptui canet,

    Quint. 12, 11, 4.
    ► Examples for the signif.
    to practice magic, to charm, etc., found in the derivv. cantus, canto, etc., are entirely wanting in this verb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cano

  • 102 ceterus

    cētĕrus ( caet-), a, um (the nom. sing. masc. not in use; the sing., in gen., rare; in Cic. perh. only three times), adj. [pronom. stem ki, and compar. ending; cf. heteros], the other, that which exists besides, can be added to what is already named of a like kind with it; the other part (while reliquus is that which yet remains of an object, the rest;

    e. g. stipendium pendere et cetera indigna pati,

    and endured other indignities of the kind, Liv. 21, 20, 6. On the other hand:

    jam vero reliqua—not cetera —quarta pars mundi ea et ipsa totā naturā fervida est, et ceteris naturis omnibus salutarem impertit et vitalem calorem,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 33; Doed. Syn. 1, p. 83. Still these ideas, esp. after the Aug. per., are often confounded, and the Engl., the remainder, the rest, and the adverb. phrase for the rest, etc., can be used interchangeably for both words).
    1.
    Sing.
    a.
    Masc.:

    si vestem et ceterum ornatum muliebrem pretii majoris habeat,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 (also in Quint. 5, 11, 28); Nep. Dat. 3, 1:

    laeta et imperatori ceteroque exercitui,

    Liv. 28, 4, 1:

    vestitu calciatuque et cetero habitu,

    Suet. Calig. 52: illos milites subduxit, exercitum ceterum servavit, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

    cohortes veteranas in fronte, post eas ceterum exercitum in subsidiis locat,

    Sall. C. 59, 5:

    a cetero exercitu,

    Curt. 5, 9, 11; Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Galb. 20 fin.:

    de cetero numero candidatorum,

    id. Caes. 41.—
    b.
    Fem.:

    cetera jurisdictio,

    Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

    vita,

    Sall. C. 52, 31:

    aetas,

    Verg. G. 3, 62:

    nox,

    Ov. M. 12, 579:

    silva,

    id. ib. 8, 750:

    turba,

    id. ib. 3, 236; 12, 286; Hor. S. 2, 8, 26:

    classis,

    Liv. 35, 26, 9:

    deprecatio,

    id. 42, 48, 3; 21, 7, 7:

    inter ceteram planitiem mons,

    Sall. J. 92, 5:

    Graeciam,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 4:

    aciem,

    Liv. 6, 8, 6:

    multitudinem,

    id. 35, 30, 8:

    (super) turbam,

    Suet. Calig. 26:

    manum procerum,

    Tac. Or. 37:

    pro ceterā ejus audaciā atque amentiā,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

    pluviā (aquā) utebantur,

    Sall. J. 89, 6:

    ceterā (ex) copiā militum,

    Liv. 35, 30, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1:

    ceterā (pro) reverentiā,

    id. ib. 3, 8, 1:

    ceterā (cum) turbā,

    Suet. Claud. 12 al. —
    c.
    Neutr.:

    cum a pecu cetero absunt,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 20:

    non abhorret a cetero scelere,

    Liv. 1, 48, 5; Suet. Aug. 24:

    cetero (e) genere hominum,

    id. ib. 57:

    quanto violentior cetero mari Oceanus,

    Tac. A. 2, 24 al. — Subst.: cētĕ-rum, i, n., the rest:

    elocuta sum convivas, ceterum cura tu,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 6:

    ceterum omne incensum est,

    Liv. 22, 20, 6; so,

    de cetero,

    as for the rest, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 26; Curt. 4, 1, 14 al.;

    and in ceterum,

    for the rest, for the future, Sen. Ep. 78, 15.—
    2.
    Plur., the rest, the others (freq. in all periods and species of composition):

    de reliquis nihil melius ipso est: ceteri et cetera ejus modi, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5:

    multae sunt insidiae bonis nosti cetera,

    id. Planc. 24, 59; id. Fat. 13, 29:

    cetera de genere hoc, adeo sunt multa, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 5, 38:

    ut omittam cetera,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

    ibi Amineum... Lucanum serito, ceterae vites in quemvis agrum conveniunt,

    Cato, R. R. 6, 4:

    quam fortunatus ceteris sim rebus, absque una hac foret,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 25: nam ceteri fere, qui artem orandi litteris tradiderunt, ita sunt exorsi, quasi, etc., Quint. prooem. § 4; id. 10, 1, 80:

    ceterae partes loquentem adjuvant, hae ipsae loquuntur,

    id. 11, 3, 85:

    sane ceterarum rerum pater familias et prudens et attentus, unā in re paulo minus consideratus,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 11:

    hanc inter ceteras vocem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 55: de justitiā, fortitudine, temperantiā ceterisque similibus, id. prooem. § 12; 3, 5, 5;

    2, 4, 38: ego ceteris laetus, hoc uno torqueor,

    Curt. 6, 5, 3.—
    b.
    Et cetera ceteraque or cetera, and so forth, kai ta hexês, when one refers to a well-known object with only a few words, or mentions only a few from a great number of objects, Cic. de Or. 2, 32, 141:

    ut illud Scipionis, Agas asellum et cetera,

    id. ib. 2, 64, 258; id. Top. 6, 30; 11, 48; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; id. Att. 2, 19, 3:

    et similiter cetera,

    Quint. 4, 1, 14:

    vina ceteraque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91; Curt. 3, 4, 10:

    solem, lunam, mare, cetera,

    Lucr. 2, 1085:

    fundum, aedes, parietem, supellectilem, penus, cetera,

    Cic. Top. 5. 27.—
    II.
    Hence, the advv.,
    A.
    cē-tĕrum (orig. acc. respectiv.), lit. that which relates to the other, the rest (besides what has been mentioned).
    1.
    For the rest, in other respects, otherwise (in good prose):

    nihil, nisi ut ametis impero: Ceterum quantum lubet me poscitote aurum, ego dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 52: tu aurum rogato: ceterum ( for the rest, in respect to the rest) verbum sat est, id. ib. 4, 8, 37: precator, qui mihi sic oret: nunc amitte quaeso hunc;

    ceterum Posthac si quicquam, nil precor,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 91:

    ego me in Cumano et Pompeiano, praeterquam quod sine te, ceterum satis commode oblectabam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1:

    foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt,

    Liv. 1, 24, 3; cf. Sall. J. 2, 4; 75, 3; Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Curt. 4, 1, 18.—Rarely after the verb: argentum accepi;

    nil curavi ceterum,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 12: numquid me vis ceterum? id. Ep. 4, 2, 76.—
    2.
    = alioquin, introducing a conclusion contrary to fact (mostly post-class.), otherwise, else, in the opposite event, = Gr. allôs: non enim cogitaras;

    ceterum Idem hoc melius invenisses,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 62:

    ita et anima... solam vim ejus exprimere non valuit,... ceterum non esset anima, sed spiritus,

    Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 9; App. M. 7, p. 200, 33; Dig. 4, 4, 7, § 2 al.—
    3.
    In passing to another thought, besides, for the rest; very freq. (esp. in the histt.; usu. placed at the beginning of a new clause;

    only in the comic poets in the middle): Filium tuom te meliust repetere, Ceterum uxorem abduce ex aedibus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 31; Sall. J. 4, 1; 20, 8; 29, 2; Quint. 6, 1, 8; 8, 6, 51; 9, 2, 14 al.; Suet. Caes. 4; 16; id. Tib. 42; id. Claud. 1; Curt. 3, 1, 4; 3, 3, 7; 3, 6, 13; Col. 8, 8, 5:

    dehinc ceterum valete,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 125; cf. id. ib. 91. —
    4.
    With a restricting force, commonly contrasted with quidem or a neg. phrase; often to be translated by but, yet, notwithstanding, still, on the other hand (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

    cum haud cuiquam in dubio esset, bellum ab Tarquiniis imminere, id quidem spe omnium serius fuit: ceterum, id quod non timebant, per dolum ac proditionem prope libertas amissa est,

    Liv. 2, 3, 1; Plin. Pan. 5, 4; Flor. 3, 1, 11; Suet. Aug. 8; 66; id. Tib. 61 fin.; id. Gram. 4 al.:

    eos multum laboris suscipere, ceterum ex omnibus maxume tutos esse,

    Sall. J. 14, 12:

    avidus potentiae, honoris, divitiarum, ceterum vitia sua callide occultans,

    id. ib. 15, 3; 52, 1; 83, 1; id. C. 51, 26:

    eo rem se vetustate oblitteratam, ceterum suae memoriae infixam adferre,

    Liv. 3, 71, 6:

    id quamquam, nihil portendentibus diis, ceterum neglegentia humana acciderat, tamen, etc.,

    id. 28, 11, 7; 9, 21, 1; 21, 6, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    ut quisquis factus est princeps, extemplo fama ejus, incertum bona an mala, ceterum aeterna est,

    Plin. Pan. 55, 9:

    pauca repetundarum crimina, ceterum magicas superstitiones objectabat,

    Tac. A. 12, 59; cf. Liv. 3, 40, 11.—
    B.
    cē-tĕra (properly acc. plur.), = talla, ta loipa, as for the rest, otherwise; with adjj., and (in poets) with verbs (not found in Cic. or Quint.).
    (α).
    With adj.:

    Bocchus praeter nomen cetera ignarus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 19, 7:

    hastile cetera teres praeterquam ad extremum,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10:

    excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 50 (cf. the passage cited under ceterum, II. A. 1. fin., Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1):

    cetera Graius,

    Verg. A. 3, 594 (so prob. also Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3, where others read ad cetera):

    virum cetera egregium secuta,

    Liv. 1, 35, 6:

    vir cetera sanctissimus,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2 Ruhnk.; Plin. 8, 15, 16, § 40; 12, 6, 13, § 25; 22, 25, 64, § 133; Tac. G. 29.—
    (β).
    With verbs: cetera, quos peperisti, ne cures, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 656:

    quiescas cetera,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 53:

    cetera parce, puer, bello,

    Verg. A. 9, 656; cf. Sil. 17, 286:

    cetera non latet hostis,

    id. 2, 332; Mart. 13, 84.—
    C.
    cētĕrō, peculiar to the Nat. Hist. of Pliny, for the rest, in other respects, otherwise:

    cetero viri quam feminae majus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133; so id. 3, 11, 16, § 105; 6, 26, 30, § 122; 8, 3, 4, § 7;

    10, 1, 1, § 1 al.: est et alia iritis cetero similis, at praedura,

    id. 37, 9, 52, § 138.—

    Of time: palumbes incubat femina post meridiana in matutinum, cetero mas,

    id. 10, 58, 79, § 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ceterus

  • 103 dubitatio

    dŭbĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [dubito].
    I.
    A wavering in opinion or judgment; a being uncertain, a doubting; uncertainty, doubt.
    A.
    Prop.
    1.
    In gen. (freq. and good prose).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    nec tibi sollicitudinem ex dubitatione mea, nec spem ex affirmatione, afferre volui,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 17 fin.:

    cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur, neque in causa ulla dubitatio posset esse,

    id. Cluent. 7, 20:

    in ea obscuritate ac dubitatione omnium,

    id. ib. 27:

    quod quamquam dubitationem non habet, tamen rationes afferendas puto, etc.,

    id. Fin. 5, 10; cf. id. Agr. 1, 4, 11; Quint. 4, 3, 6:

    dubitationem afferre,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 18:

    eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 1:

    ad tollendam dubitationem sola non sufficiunt,

    Quint. 5, 9, 8; cf. id. 5, 13, 51; Cic. Att. 12, 6 fin. al. So in Cicero a few times: sine ulla dubitatione, without any doubt, i. e. per litoten, most certainly (an emphatic sine dubio, v. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5; id. Balb. 13, 31; id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5;

    so too, sine dubitatione,

    Col. 3, 6, 2 (but far more freq. in signif. II., v. infra).—
    (β).
    With gen.: omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expellere, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 fin.; cf.

    juris (i. e. dubitatio, penes quem esset jus),

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 9:

    generum,

    id. de Or. 2, 31, 134:

    hujus utilitatis,

    Quint. 1, 10, 28.—
    (γ).
    With de:

    illa Socratica, de omnibus rebus,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; Auct. B. Afr. 26.—
    (δ).
    With rel. or interrog. clause:

    si quando dubitatio accidit, quale sit id, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18; id. Cluent. 28, 76; id. Fam. 15, 21:

    alterum potest habere dubitationem, adhibendumne fuerit hoc genus... an, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 2, 9; id. Fam. 3, 5, 3; Quint. 11, 2, 44.—
    (ε).
    With quin:

    cum hic locus nihil habeat dubitationis, quin, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 17; cf. id. N. D. 2, 63, 158.—
    (ζ).
    With a subject acc. and inf.:

    hoc a rustico factum extra dubitationem est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 48.—
    2.
    Esp., as a fig. of speech, i. q. Gr. diaporêsis, i. e. hesitation, embarrassment of the speaker, because unable to do justice to the greatness of his theme (e. g. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11; id. de Or. 3, 56, § 214), Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; cf. Ernest. Lex. Technol. Lat. p. 136.—
    B.
    Meton. (dubito, I. B.), a doubt, question, considering:

    indigna dubitatio homine!

    Cic. Lael. 19, 67; so,

    ad rem publicam adeundi,

    id. Rep. 1, 7, 12.—
    II.
    A wavering, hesitating in coming to a conclusion; hesitancy, irresolution, delay:

    aestuabat dubitatione, versabat se in utramque partem non solum mente, verum etiam corpore,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    qui timor! quae dubitatio! quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum!

    id. de Or. 2, 50:

    inter dubitationem et moras senati,

    Sall. J. 30, 3; cf. id. ib. 62, 9:

    aluit dubitatione bellum,

    Tac. A. 3, 41 fin. et saep.:

    (Caesar) nulla interposita dubitatione legiones ex castris educit,

    without any hesitation, promptly, Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 1;

    in this signif. very freq. in Cicero: sine ulla dubitatione,

    Cic. Cluent. 28, 75; id. Verr. 2, 3, 12; id. Pis. 3; 21 fin.; id. N. D. 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, b. 2. et saep.; cf.:

    absque ulla dubitatione,

    Vulg. Ruth, 3, 13;

    less freq. merely sine dubitatione,

    without hesitation, unhesitatingly, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 23; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84; id. Ac. 2, 29, 94; id. Top. 15 fin.; id. Att. 11, 16, 3; so Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21; Auct. B. Alex. 63, 2; Vulg. Act. 10, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubitatio

  • 104 exemplum

    exemplum, i, n. [eximo], orig., what is taken out as a sample (cf. eximius, from eximo), a sample.
    I.
    Prop. (cf. exemplar, specimen):

    purpurae, tritici,

    Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    An imitation, image, portrait taken from something; a draught, transcript, copy.
    1.
    Hic quoque exemplum reliquit, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 56; cf.:

    o Apella, o Zeuxis pictor, Cur numero estis mortui? hinc exemplum ut pingeretis: Nam alios pictores nihil moror hujusmodi tractare exempla,

    id. Poen. 5, 4, 102 sq.; and in a pun with the follg. signif. under B.: Th. Exempla edepol faciam ego in te. Tr. Quia placeo, exemplum expetis, id. Most. 5, 1, 67:

    aedes probant: sibi quisque Inde exemplum expetunt,

    a sketch, draught, id. ib. 1, 2, 21; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 75 sq.:

    Pompeii litterarum ad consulem exemplum attulit: Litterae mihi a L. Domitio allatae sunt: earum exemplum infra scripsi... Deinde supposuit exemplum epistolae Domitii, quod ego ad te pridie miseram,

    a transcript, copy, Cic. Att. 8, 6, 1 sq.; 8, 11, 6; 7, 23, 3; id. Fam. 9, 26, 3; Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 23 al.—
    2.
    An equal, parallel:

    clarissimum Homeri inluxit ingenium, sine exemplo maximum,

    Vell. 1, 5, 1.—
    B.
    A sample for imitation, instruction, proof, a pattern, model, original, example, precedent, case (the predominant meaning of the word).
    1.
    In gen.:

    ut mutum in simulacrum ex animali exemplo veritas transferatur,

    from a living model, original, Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

    feruntur enim ex optimis naturae et veritatis exemplis,

    id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    propones illi exempla ad imitandum,

    id. Phil. 10, 2, 5; cf.:

    habere exemplum ad imitandum (corresp. to exemplar),

    id. Mur. 31, 66; and:

    nostris exemplo fuit ad imitandum,

    Suet. Gramm. 2:

    exposita ad exemplum nostra re publica,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 46 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 31 fin.:

    loquimur de iis amicis, qui ante oculos sunt... Ex hoc numero nobis exempla sumenda sunt,

    id. Lael. 11, 38:

    aliquem ex barbatis illis exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis,

    id. Sest. 8, 19:

    a sapiente petitur exemplum,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 16:

    exemplum a me petere,

    Liv. 7, 32, 12:

    ab eodem Pompeio omnium rerum egregiarum exempla sumantur,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    ab se ipso exemplum capi posse,

    Liv. 1, 49, 2; cf.:

    cum et ipse sis quasi unicum exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

    quod in juventute habemus illustrius exemplum veteris sanctitatis?

    id. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

    innocentiae,

    id. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

    qua in muliere etiam nunc quasi exempli causa vestigia antiqui officii remanent,

    as a pattern, example, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27 (cf. infra, 2.):

    eum virum, unde pudoris pudicitiaeque exempla peterentur,

    id. Deiot. 10, 28:

    firmare animum constantibus exemplis (for constantiae),

    Tac. A. 16, 35; cf.:

    exemplum modestum,

    id. H. 2, 64:

    vitiosi principes plus exemplo quam peccato nocent,

    by their example, Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

    (Tullus Hostilius) de imperio suo, exemplo Pompilii, populum consuluit curiatim,

    id. Rep. 2, 17:

    quod autem exemplo nostrae civitatis usus sum, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 39: atrox videbatur Appi sententia;

    rursus Vergini Larciique exemplo haud salubres,

    i. e. judged by the precedent, Liv. 2, 30 init.:

    divinare morientes etiam illo exemplo confirmat Posidonius, quo affert, etc.,

    by that example, that case, Cic. Div. 1, 30, 64; id. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

    hinc illa et apud Graecos exempla... levitatis Atheniensium crudelitatisque in amplissimos cives exempla,

    id. Rep. 1, 3:

    datum in omnes provincias exemplum,

    Tac. A. 1, 78; so,

    dare exemplum,

    to set the example, id. ib. 4, 50:

    tertia legio exemplum ceteris praebuit,

    id. H. 2, 85; 4, 52; Val. Max. 3, 6, 5.—
    2.
    Esp. in phrase: exempli causā or gratiā, for instance, for an example (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 437):

    exempli causa paucos nominavi,

    for example's sake, Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 2; cf.:

    quia in alicujus libris exempli causa id nomen invenerant, putarunt, etc.,

    id. Mur. 12, 27; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

    haec exempli gratia sufficient,

    Quint. 9, 2, 56; cf.:

    pauca exempli gratia ponam,

    id. 6, 5, 6; 5, 10, 110; cf.:

    ex quibus in exemplum pauca subjeci,

    Suet. Tib. 21 et saep.:

    venit in exemplum furor,

    teaches, Ov. F. 4, 243; cf. Just. 23, 3.—
    3.
    In partic., a warning example, an example, warning, punishment (rare):

    exemplum statuite in me, ut adolescentuli vobis placere studeant potius quam sibi,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 51; cf.:

    quibus liberi sunt, statuite exemplum, quantae poenae in civitate sint hominibus istiusmodi comparatae,

    Auct. Her. 4, 35, 47:

    simile in superiore parte provinciae edere exemplum severitatis tuae,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5; cf. Tac. A. 3, 36 fin.; so,

    edere exempla in aliquem,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 12; Liv. 29, 27, 4:

    ut ne viderem, quae futura exempla dicunt in eum indigna,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 24:

    habet aliquid ex iniquo omne magnum exemplum,

    Tac. A. 14, 44:

    meritum quidem novissima exempla Mithridatem,

    i. e. the punishment of death, id. ib. 12, 20:

    esse in exemplo,

    to serve as a warning, Ov. M. 9, 454; cf. Vulg. Judae, 7 al.:

    exemplo supplicii reliquos deterrere,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 44, 1.—
    4.
    Law t. t., a precedent:

    ad exemplum trahere,

    Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6:

    alicui sine exemplo subvenire,

    id. ib. —
    C.
    A way, manner, kind, nature:

    multi more isto atque exemplo vivunt,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 11; cf.:

    negat se more et exemplo populi Romani posse iter ulli per provinciam dare,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 3:

    uno exemplo ne omnes vitam viverent,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 132:

    istoc exemplo,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 6:

    quot me exemplis ludificatust,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 6:

    eodem exemplo, quo,

    Liv. 31, 12, 3:

    ad hoc exemplum,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 6:

    quod ad exemplum,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 76 et saep.—Hence often of methods or examples of punishment (cf. 3. supra):

    quando ego te exemplis pessumis cruciavero,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 33:

    omnibus exemplis crucior,

    id. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; cf. id. Most. 1, 3, 35; 55; 5, 1, 67.—Freq. of the tenor, purport, contents of a letter, etc.:

    litterae uno exemplo,

    i. e. of the same tenor, Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; 10, 5, 1:

    scribere bis eodem exemplo,

    id. ib. 9, 16, 1:

    testamentum duplex... sed eodem exemplo,

    Suet. Tib. 76:

    Capua litterae sunt allatae hoc exemplo: Pompeius mare transiit, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

    (litterarum) exemplum componere,

    id. Agr. 2, 20, 53; Suet. Calig. 55.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exemplum

  • 105 hostis

    hostis (also fos-), is, comm. [Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta], a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.:

    adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—
    II.
    An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).
    A.
    Lit.:

    qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.:

    omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes,

    id. Phil. 11, 1, 3;

    opp. inimicus,

    Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.):

    debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori,

    Quint. 12, 1, 35:

    legiones hostium,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 136:

    hostes nefarios prostravit,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

    (bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    vita ex hostium telis servata,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    adventus hostium,

    id. ib. 2, 3:

    ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus,

    id. Lael. 9, 29:

    hostem rapinis prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4:

    quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset,

    Liv. 29, 10, 5:

    servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 21:

    terra marique victus hostis,

    id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.:

    inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.:

    inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

    sibi inimicus atque hostis,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 29:

    horum omnium communis hostis praedoque,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    tam dis hominibusque hostis,

    id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1:

    Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis,

    id. Mil. 15, 39:

    acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax),

    Hor. Epod. 6, 14:

    fas est et ab hoste doceri,

    Ov. M. 4, 428:

    di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!

    Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35:

    quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.:

    hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83:

    nupta meretrici hostis est,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23:

    ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet,

    Liv. 30, 14, 2:

    cum certa videbitur hostis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18:

    ille uxorem, tu hostem luges,

    Curt. 4, 11, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals or things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    qualem ministrum fulminis alitem... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359:

    rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto,

    Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman:

    unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 358:

    fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus,

    id. ib. 2, 208:

    rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit,

    Quint. 12, 1, 2:

    illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis,

    id. 2, 2, 10 —
    2.
    Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables:

    si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hostis

  • 106 idcirco

    idcirco or iccirco, adv. [id-circa], on that account, for that reason, therefore (freq. and class.; cf.: itaque, igitur, ergo; ideo, propterea; quare, quam ob rem, etc.).
    I.
    Absol. (rare):

    idcirco moneo vos ego hoc,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 28:

    ille Cliniae servos tardiusculus est: Idcirco huic nostro tradita'st provincia,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 5:

    quod id quod factum sit, aliud alii videatur esse, et idcirco alius alio nomine id appellet,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 11; Caes. B. C. 1, 42, 3:

    data Romanis venia est indigna poëtis. Idcircone vager scribamque licenter?

    Hor. A. P. 265:

    et idcirco disceptatione sublata pellitur e medio sapientia,

    Lact. 5, 1, 5. —
    II.
    Rel. (so most freq.).
    A.
    Corresp. to causal sentences, with quod, quia, quoniam, or si:

    idcirco arcessor, nuptias quod mihi apparari sensit,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 7:

    negant, sapientem idcirco virum bonum esse, quod eum sua sponte bonitas delectet, sed quod, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 16; cf. id. Fam. 9, 1, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 119:

    idcirco quidam, comoedia necne poëma Esset, quaesivere, quod acer spiritus ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 45:

    quia natura mutari non potest, idcirco verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    idcirco, judices, quia veram causam habebam, brevi peroravi,

    id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

    neque enim, quia movetur qui ingreditur, idcirco qui movetur ingreditur,

    Quint. 5, 9, 6; 2, 2, 2:

    idcirco enumerabimus, non quia, etc.,

    Col. 7, 5, 7; Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 38: meminerimus idcirco te in istam provinciam missum, quoniam, etc., Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 32 (41); Col. 7, 5, 7:

    haec idcirco, quoniam, etc.,

    Dig. 47, 2, 92; ib. 49, 1, 10, § 4:

    non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

    non enim, si Cicero recte sentinam reipublicae dixit... idcirco probem illud quoque, etc.,

    Quint. 8, 6, 15:

    nec si pugnent inter se... idcirco ars non erit,

    id. 2, 17, 33; cf.:

    nec, si te validus jactaverit auster in alto. Idcirco navem trans Aegaeum mare vendas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 16.—Rarely with si omitted: non possis oculo quantum contendere [p. 877] Lynceus:

    Non tamen idcirco contemnas lippus inungi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 29.—
    B.
    With a clause denoting the purpose, with ut, ne, or pron. rel.:

    idcirco nemo superiorum attigit, ut ipse tolleret, Cic Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7: quae ut fieret, idcirco pugnatum esse arbitror,

    id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    cum prooemium idcirco comparatum sit, ut judex fiat conciliator,

    Quint. 4, 2, 24:

    quod si idcirco fieret, ut, etc.,

    id. 8 praef. § 27;

    12, 2, 12: sese idcirco ab suis discedere noluisse, quo facilius civitatem in officio contineret, ne omnis nobilitatis discessu plebs propter imprudentiam laberetur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 6:

    vos suspicarier, Me idcirco haec tanta facinora promittere, Qui vos oblectem, etc.,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 150:

    idcirco capite et superciliis semper est rasis, ne ullum pilum viri boni habere dicatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    idcircone nobilitas rem publicam reciperavit, ut, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 49, 141; cf. id. Rab. Perd. 8, 23:

    idcirco ut possim linguam contemnere servi, utile consilium dedisti,

    Juv. 9, 119.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > idcirco

  • 107 incipio

    incĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 (archaic incepsit inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. and n. [in-capio; lit., to seize upon, lay hold of; opp. to desinere; hence, with the accessory idea of action), to begin to do something, to take in hand (syn. incoho; in class. prose, viz. in Cic., only in the tempp. press., while coepi is used in the tempp. perff.); constr. usually with the inf., less freq. absol., with the acc., ab, or adv. of place or time.
    I.
    Act.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant vel certe timere desistant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

    huic incipio sententiae diffidere,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 3:

    prius quam incipit tinnire,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 42:

    bella gerere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

    leges neglegere,

    id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

    queri cum multis incipiunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

    nimis cito diligere,

    id. Lael. 21, 78:

    amare aliquem,

    id. ib. 16, 60:

    fossas complere,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 4:

    rem frumentariam expedire,

    id. B. C. 1, 54, 4:

    triplicem aciem ducere,

    id. ib. 1, 64, 7;

    2, 30, 1: cum maturescere frumenta inciperent,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 1:

    cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet,

    id. B. G. 2, 2, 2; cf.:

    ictus erat, qua crus esse incipit,

    Ov. M. 6, 255; 8, 474; 15, 256:

    opes pellere dominatione,

    Sall. H. 3, 61, 3:

    si res explicare incipiam,

    Nep. Pelop. 1:

    Bessus agere gratias incipit,

    Curt. 5, 12, 1:

    cenare,

    Suet. Aug. 74:

    promovere scalas,

    Tac. A. 15, 4 fin.:

    si dormire incipis ortu luciferi,

    Juv. 8, 11:

    male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, etc.... Si bene facere incepit, etc. (shortly afterward, occeperunt),

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 and 14:

    satis nequam sum, utpote qui hodie inceperim Amare,

    id. Rud. 2, 5, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut incipiendi ratio fuerit, ita sit desinendi modus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 135; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1; Sen. Ep. 116:

    dum incipimus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 144:

    dum deliberamus, quando incipiendum sit, incipere jam serum est,

    id. 12, 6, 3:

    in incipiendo, etc.,

    id. 11, 1, 6: ac statim sic rex incipit, thus begins (to speak), Sall. J. 109 fin.; cf.:

    nec sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim: Fortunam Priami, etc.,

    Hor. A. P. 136:

    sic incipit, with a foll. direct quotation,

    id. S. 2, 6, 79; Ov. M. 9, 281;

    and simply incipit,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

    sapere aude, Incipe,

    make a beginning, begin, id. Ep. 1, 2, 41; Juv. 4, 34:

    priusquam incipias, consulto opus est,

    Sall. C. 1, 6:

    turpe inceptu est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16:

    incipientes atque adhuc teneri (pueri),

    who are beginning to learn, beginners, Quint. 1, 2, 26:

    incipiens,

    id. 2, 5, 18; 2, 6, 5; 8 prooem. § 1; 3;

    10, 7, 18: quoties madidum ver incipit,

    Juv. 9, 52 al. —
    (γ).
    With acc. (once in Cic., once in Cæs., v. infra):

    facinus audax incipit,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 1:

    facinus,

    Sall. C. 20, 3:

    pugilatum,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13:

    iter,

    id. Cas. 4, 4, 2:

    aliquid novi negotii,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 29:

    bellum (opp. deponere),

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    tam prava,

    id. ib. 64, 2:

    indigna nobis,

    id. H. 2, 41, 8:

    opus,

    Liv. 7, 34, 13:

    bellum,

    id. 21, 21, 6; 26, 37, 9; 42, 43, 3:

    sementem,

    Verg. G. 1, 230:

    Maenalios versus,

    id. E. 8, 21:

    si id facere non potueris, quod, ut opinio mea fert, ne incipies quidem,

    Cic. Planc. 19, 48; Quint. 1, 12, 5:

    iter mihi incepi,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 16:

    tantum incepi operis,

    id. Men. 2, 3, 80:

    mandata,

    Tac. A. 12, 10; 4, 46:

    auspicia a parricidio,

    Just. 26, 2 init.: multa, Cat. ap. Gell. 16, 14, 2.— Pass.:

    tanta incepta res est,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 31:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17; 3, 3, 7:

    si inceptam oppugnationem reliquissent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 6:

    quia dici extremum erat, proelium non inceptum,

    Sall. J. 21, 2:

    proelium incipitur,

    id. ib. 57, 3;

    74, 2: saxis proelium incipitur,

    Tac. H. 5, 17:

    satis cito incipi victoriam,

    id. ib. 2, 25; id. A. 2, 5; 2, 76; 12, 67 fin.:

    iter inceptum celerant,

    Verg. A. 8, 90:

    inceptumque decurre laborem,

    id. G. 2, 39:

    inceptum frustra summitte furorem,

    id. A. 12, 832:

    deus me vetat Inceptos iambos Ad umbilicum adducere,

    Hor. Epod. 14, 7:

    in re incipiunda ad defendendam noxiam,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

    in contentionibus aut incipiendis aut finiendis,

    Quint. 11, 3, 128:

    a tantis princeps incipiendus erat,

    Ov. F. 5, 570.—
    (δ).
    With ab or an adv. of place or time:

    a Jove incipiendum putat,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 36 (acc. to the Gr. of Aratus, ek Dios archômestha):

    ab illis incipit uxor,

    Juv. 6, 348; Quint. 10, 1, 46:

    incipiamus ab iis,

    id. 9, 2, 6:

    semper ab excusatione aetatis incipientem,

    id. 6, 3, 76:

    potissimum incipiam ab ea parte,

    id. 3, 7, 1:

    optime manus a sinistra parte incipit, in dextra deponitur,

    id. 11, 3, 106:

    amicitia incepta a parvis cum aetate accrevit simul,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7.— Pass. impers.:

    optime incipitur a longis, recte aliquando a brevibus,

    Quint. 9, 4, 92.
    II.
    Neutr., to begin to be, to begin, commence (rare but class.); constr. with abl. instrum., or absol.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    tertius sinus Acrocerauniis incipit montibus,

    Plin. 4, 1, 1, § 1:

    censere ut principium anni inciperet mense Decembri,

    Tac. A. 13, 10:

    verbum petere quo incipiant,

    Quint. 10, 7, 21.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    cum ver esse coeperat... cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

    quoties incipit sensus aut desinit,

    Quint. 9, 4, 67:

    hic annus incipit vicesimus,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 3:

    narrationis incipit mihi initium,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 26:

    jam tum inceperat turba inter eos,

    id. Eun. 4, 4, 58:

    tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit,

    Verg. A. 2, 269:

    mox Idumaea incipit et Palaestina,

    Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68:

    epistula, quam incipiente febricula scripseras,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2:

    incipientes curas principis onerari,

    Tac. A. 1, 19:

    incipiens adhuc et nondum adulta seditio,

    id. H. 1, 31:

    incipiens omnia sentit amor,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 648:

    Menander Syracusanus incipientis juventae,

    Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14:

    incipiente aestate,

    id. 27, 13, 109, § 133:

    trixago incipientibus hydropicis efficax,

    id. 24, 15, 80, § 131:

    quem (honorem) et incipientes principes et desinentes adeo concupis cunt ut auferant,

    Plin. Pan. 57.—Hence, in-ceptum, i, n., a beginning, attempt, undertaking (freq. in historians and poets, but not in Cæs.;

    also rare in Cic.): cujus ego non modo factum, sed inceptum ullum conatumve contra patriam deprehendero,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    servetur ad imum, Qualis ab incepto processerit (persona),

    from the beginning onwards, Hor. A. P. 127: permanere in incepto, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14 fin.:

    a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

    Sall. C. 4, 2:

    cujus neque consilium neque inceptum ullum frustra erat,

    id. J. 7, 6; cf.:

    ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret,

    the subject, id. ib. 7 fin.:

    absistere incepto,

    Liv. 31, 26, 5:

    desistere incepto,

    Verg. A. 1, 37:

    haerere in incepto,

    id. ib. 2, 654:

    peragere inceptum,

    id. ib. 4, 452; cf.:

    perficere inceptum,

    Sall. J. 11 fin.:

    piget incepti,

    Verg. A. 5, 678:

    nunc ad inceptum redeo,

    Sall. J. 4, 9; 42, 5:

    turpe inceptum est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16.— In plur.:

    cupidus incepta patrandi,

    Sall. J. 70, 5:

    juventus Catilinae inceptis favebat,

    id. C. 17, 6:

    incepta mea inpedivit,

    id. H. 4, 61, 12; cf.:

    inceptis annue, diva, meis,

    Ov. Am. 3, 2, 56; and:

    di nostra incepta secundent,

    Verg. A. 7, 259:

    gravia et magna professa,

    Hor. A. P. 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > incipio

  • 108 increpo

    in-crĕpo, ŭi, ĭtum (increpavi, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 63; Vulg. Psa. 9, 6; Suet. Tib. 52:

    increpatus,

    Just. 11, 4, 5; Prud. 7, 195; Liv. 24, 17, 7 Cod.), 1, v. n. and a., to make a noise, sound, resound, to rush, rustle, patter, rattle, whiz (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Neutr.:

    simul ut discus increpuit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 21:

    corvorum increpuit densis exercitus alis,

    Verg. G. 1, 382.—
    2.
    Transf., to make a noise, be noised abroad:

    increpui hibernum et fluctus movi maritumos,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 69:

    quicquid increpuerit, Catilinam timeri,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus,

    id. Mur. 10, 22:

    si quid increparet terroris,

    Liv. 4, 43, 10:

    haec indigna miserandaque auditu cum apud timentes... increpuissent,

    id. 6, 37, 1.—
    B.
    Act., to utter aloud, produce, give forth ( poet.):

    saevas increpat aura minas,

    Prop. 1, 17, 6: tuba terribilem sonitum. Verg. A. 9, 504.—
    2.
    To cause to give forth a sound:

    cum Juppiter atras increpuit nubes,

    Ov. M. 12, 52:

    increpuit unda latus,

    id. Tr. 1, 4, 24; cf.:

    vincor ut credam miser Sabella pectus increpare carmina,

    disturb, confuse, Hor. Epod. 17, 28.—
    3.
    To make a noise at a person, thunder at:

    timeo totus, ita me increpuit Juppiter,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 25.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To exclaim loudly against a person, to blame or upbraid loudly, to chide, rebuke, reprove. — With acc.:

    numquid increpavit filium?

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 63:

    maledictis omnes bonos,

    Sall. C. 21, 4:

    gravibus probris,

    Liv. 23, 45, 5:

    etiam deos verbis ferocioribus,

    id. 45, 23, 19:

    cunctantes arma capere,

    id. 10, 35, 8:

    increpat ultro Cunctantes socios,

    Verg. A. 10, 830.—With ad and acc.:

    dictator ad contionem advocatam increpuit,

    spoke angrily, Liv. 4, 32, 2.— Absol.:

    ultro animos tollit dictis, atque increpat ultro,

    Verg. A. 9, 127.—
    B.
    To accuse a person of any thing:

    avaritiae singulos,

    Suet. Cal. 39:

    saevitiae populum,

    id. Galb. 15.—
    C.
    With an abstract object, to reprove, censure, inveigh against any reprehensible quality or act of a person:

    illis versibus increpant eorum arrogantiam,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    illius in me perfidiam,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3:

    fugam,

    id. de Or. 2, 48, 199 al. —Hence, incrĕ-pĭtus, a, um, Part.
    A.
    Chided, reproved:

    praefecti navium graviter increpiti,

    Liv. 23, 26, 4; 24, 17, 7.—
    B.
    Accused:

    ignaviae,

    Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 1, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > increpo

  • 109 incubo

    1.
    in-cŭbo, ŭi, ĭtum, āre (rarely āvi, ātum, in the sense of to brood), 1, v. n. and a., to lie in a place or upon a thing (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    hic leno aegrotus incubat in Aesculapii fano,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 61: namque incubare satius te fuerat Jovi, against (the statue of) Jupiter, id. ib. 2, 2, 16:

    umero incubat hasta,

    rests, lies upon her shoulder, Ov. M. 6, 593:

    ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranavere,

    Liv. 21, 27, 5:

    his (utribus) incubantes tranavere amnem,

    Curt. 7, 21, 18.— Poet.: ferro, to fall upon one ' s sword, Sen. Hippol. 259.— In part. pres.: incubans, lying near to, bordering upon:

    jugum mari,

    Plin. 6, 17, 20, § 53.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To sit upon eggs, to brood, to hatch:

    gallinas incubare fetibus alienigenis patiemur,

    Col. 8, 5, 10:

    ova gallinis incubanda subicere,

    Plin. 10, 59, 79, § 161:

    ova incubita,

    id. 29, 3, 11, § 45.—
    2.
    To abide or dwell in:

    rure incubabo in praefectura mea,

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 21:

    lucos et specus,

    to inhabit, App. M. 4, p. 150, 15. —

    Pregn.: tabernulam littori proximam, vitatis maris fluctibus, incubabant,

    i. e. entered and lodged, App. M. 7, p. 190.—
    3.
    To be in, lie in, rest in or on:

    purpura atque auro,

    Sen. Thyest. 909:

    pavidusque pinnis anxiae noctis vigil incubabat,

    on his wings, id. ib. 570 sq.—
    4.
    To cling to, fall upon, said of mourners over the dead, etc.:

    indigna fui marito accendisse rogum, incubuisse viro?

    Luc. 9, 57; 8, 727; cf. id. 2, 27 al.—
    II.
    Trop., to brood over, to watch jealously over a thing, either to keep or get possession of it:

    qui illi pecuniae, quam condiderat, spe jam atque animo incubaret,

    Cic. Clu. 26, 72:

    auro,

    Verg. G. 2, 507:

    divitiis,

    id. A. 6, 610:

    publicis thesauris,

    to retain sole possession of, Liv. 6, 15:

    opimae praedae,

    Flor. 2, 10, 2.—
    2.
    To press upon, weigh upon, be a burden to, fasten on:

    ut inhaerentem atque incubantem Italiae extorqueret Annibalem,

    Flor. 2, 6, 57:

    protervus menti furor,

    Sen. Hippol. 268:

    illi mors gravis incubat,

    id. Thyest. 401.—
    3.
    To settle on, attach one ' s self to any thing. — Absol., of bees:

    nisi incubavere,

    Plin. 11, 16, 15, § 45.— Usually with dat.:

    leo victor armento incubat,

    Sen. Thyest. 733:

    ponto nox incubat atra,

    glooms over, darkens, Verg. A. 1, 89:

    quamvis ipsis urbis faucibus incubaret,

    took up a position at, Flor. 1, 10, 2;

    but cf.: pigra incubat Caligo terras,

    Avien. Or. Mar. 236:

    caelum quod incubat urbi,

    Val. Fl. 2, 494.
    2.
    incŭbo, ōnis, m. [1. incubo], one who lies upon any thing.
    I.
    A spirit that watches over buried treasures (post-class.):

    cum modo incuboni pileum rapuisset, thesaurum invenit,

    Petr. Fragm. Trag. 38, 8.—
    II.
    The nightmare, incubus (post-class.):

    ab incubone deludi,

    Scrib. Comp. 100:

    de incubone praesumptio,

    Tert. Anim. 44.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > incubo

  • 110 indignor

    in-dignor, ātus, 1 (archaic inf. indignarier for indignari, Lucr. 3, 870), v. dep. a. [in-dignus], to consider as unworthy or improper, to be angry or displeased at, to be indignant (syn. stomachor).
    I.
    In gen. (class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    se ipsum, Lucr. l. l.: ea, quae indignentur adversarii, tibi quoque indigna videri,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 24; Sen. Tranq. 10:

    suam vicem,

    Liv. 2, 31 fin.:

    imperia,

    Quint. 1, 3, 6:

    casum insontis amici,

    Verg. A. 2, 93 al. —
    (β).
    With quod:

    indignantes milites, quod conspectum suum hostes ferre possent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 4; Verg. A. 5, 651.—
    (γ).
    With si: nos homunculi indignamur, si quis nostrum interiit, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4; so Curt. 6, 5, 5.—
    (δ).
    With inf. or acc. and inf.:

    cedere peritis indignantur,

    Quint. 1, 1, 8:

    vinci,

    Ov. M. 10, 604:

    regem ad causam dicendam evocari,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 108; so Sall. J. 31, 9; Quint. 10, 1, 101:

    veteri parere clienti,

    Juv. 5, 64 al. —
    (ε).
    With dat. (only post-class.):

    quique contaminationi non indignatur,

    Dig. 48, 5, 2.—
    (ζ).
    Absol.:

    utrum ridere audientes an indignari debuerint,

    Quint. 6, 3, 83; so id. 11, 3, 58; 61; 123 al.—
    B.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things:

    (venti) indignantes Circum claustra fremunt,

    Verg. A. 1, 55:

    pontem indignatus Araxes,

    disdaining to bear, id. ib. 8, 728:

    indignatum magnis stridoribus aequor,

    id. G. 2, 162.—
    * II.
    In partic., of wounds, to injure, damage:

    ne tumentia indignentur,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 3, 13.— Hence,
    A.
    indignandus, a, um, P. a., that at which one should be indignant, deserving of indignation:

    (vestis) lecto non indignanda saligno,

    Ov. M. 8, 660; Val. Fl. 1, 547.—
    B.
    indignans, antis, P. a., that cannot endure or suffer any thing, impatient, indignant (a favorite word of Ovid):

    genus indignantissimum servitutis,

    Col. 8, 17, 7:

    verbaque quaerenti satis indignantia linguae Defuerunt,

    Ov. M. 6, 584:

    pectus,

    id. F. 4, 896; cf.

    corda,

    Stat. Th. 3, 599:

    bella gerunt venti, fretaque indignantia miscent,

    Ov. M. 11, 491.— Adv.: indignanter, indignantly, with indignation (post-class.):

    mussitare,

    Arn. 3, 103:

    ferre,

    Amm. 15, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > indignor

  • 111 levis

    1.
    lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. elachus], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).
    I.
    Lit.:

    leviora corpora (opp. graviora),

    Lucr. 2, 227:

    aether,

    id. 5, 459:

    aura,

    id. 3, 196:

    levior quam pluma,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

    stipulae,

    Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor:

    levis armaturae Numidae,

    the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.:

    sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so,

    miles,

    a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf.

    of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves,

    Tac. G. 6:

    flebis in solo levis angiportu,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead:

    terraque securae sit super ossa levis,

    Tib. 2, 4, 50;

    esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos,

    the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14:

    virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam,

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.— Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

    quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula,

    lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18:

    leves malvae,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.:

    gravi Malvae salubres corpori,

    id. Epod. 2, 57).—
    2.
    Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.:

    agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo),

    a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.:

    leves venti,

    Ov. M. 15, 346:

    flatus,

    Sil. 15, 162:

    currus,

    light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150:

    levi deducens pollice filum,

    light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so,

    pollex,

    id. ib. 6, 22:

    saltus,

    id. ib. 7, 767;

    3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores,

    Nep. Iphicr. 1:

    Messapus levis cursu,

    Verg. A. 12, 489:

    leves Parthi,

    id. G. 4, 314:

    equus,

    Val. Fl. 1, 389:

    Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 31:

    quaere modos leviore plectro,

    nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40:

    et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā,

    Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ( poet.):

    omnes ire leves,

    Sil. 16, 488:

    exsultare levis,

    id. 10, 605:

    levior discurrere,

    id. 4, 549:

    nullo levis terrore moveri,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514:

    hora,

    fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181:

    terra,

    light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92:

    et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3;

    so (opp graviora),

    id. ib. —
    3.
    Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488:

    tactus,

    a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180:

    strepitus,

    id. ib. 7, 840:

    stridor,

    id. ib. 4, 413.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.):

    nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

    grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45:

    leve et infirmum,

    id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt;

    ad motum animi... leviora,

    id. Deiot. 2, 5:

    quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras,

    id. Planc. 26, 63:

    auditio,

    a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42:

    cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper,

    something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

    dolor,

    id. Fin. 1, 12, 40:

    proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

    periculum,

    id. B. C. 3, 26:

    in aliquem merita,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 10:

    leviore de causa,

    id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.:

    praecordia levibus flagrantia causis,

    Juv. 13, 182:

    effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus,

    Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.:

    in levi habitum,

    was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54:

    levia sed nimium queror,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 63:

    quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus,

    no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240:

    quidquid levius putaris,

    easier, id. 10, 344.—
    (β).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    opum levior,

    Sil. 2, 102.—
    B.
    In disposition or character.
    1.
    Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false:

    homo levior quam pluma,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

    ne me leviorem erga te putes,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 34:

    tu levior cortice,

    Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

    vitium levium hominum atque fallacium,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 91:

    quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves,

    id. ib. 17, 63:

    leves ac nummarii judices,

    id. Clu. 28, 75:

    sit precor illa levis,

    Tib. 1, 6, 56:

    levi brachio aliquid agere,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6:

    quid levius aut turpius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.:

    auctor,

    Liv. 5, 15:

    leves amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

    spes,

    vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

    leviores mores,

    Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—
    2.
    Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare):

    quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and:

    levior reprehensio,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

    tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est,

    the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.:

    nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28:

    exsilium,

    mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.
    1.
    Lit. (rare):

    armati,

    light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon:

    levius casura pila sperabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat:

    leviter densae nubes,

    Lucr. 6, 248:

    inflexum bacillum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter),

    id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

    qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saucius,

    id. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    non leviter lucra liguriens,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:

    agnoscere aliquid,

    id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

    eruditus,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.— Comp.:

    quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser,

    so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:

    dolere,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.— Sup.:

    ut levissime dicam,

    to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin. —
    b.
    Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity:

    id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

    sed levissime feram, si, etc.,

    id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.— Comp.:

    levius torquetis Arachne,

    more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.
    2.
    lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. leios, leuros], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

    in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi,

    id. Part. Or. 10, 36:

    Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem,

    id. Univ. 6:

    pocula,

    smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91:

    pharetrae,

    id. ib. 5, 558:

    brassica,

    Cato, R. R. 15, 7:

    levissima corpora,

    Lucr. 4, 659:

    coma pectine levis,

    Ov. M. 12, 409:

    nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae,

    Hor. C. 2, 20, 11:

    levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis,

    Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.— Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, [p. 1055] Verg. A. 5, 328:

    levis Juventas ( = imberbis),

    smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so,

    ora,

    Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31:

    crura,

    Juv. 8, 115:

    sponsus,

    id. 3, 111:

    caput,

    id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful:

    pectus,

    Verg. A. 11, 40:

    frons,

    id. E. 6, 51:

    umeri,

    id. A. 7, 815:

    colla,

    Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate:

    vir,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.:

    externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,

    smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so,

    per leve,

    Pers. 1, 64:

    per levia,

    Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.):

    oratio (opp. aspera),

    Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so,

    levis verborum concursus (opp. asper),

    id. de Or. 3, 43, 171:

    levis et aspera (vox),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    levis et quadrata compositio,

    id. 2, 5, 9:

    levia ac nitida,

    id. 5, 12, 18:

    (aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur,

    id. 9, 4, 116.— Adv. does not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > levis

  • 112 piger

    pĭger, gra, grum (late Lat. collat. form of sup. pigrissimus, Tert. Exhort. ad Castit. 13), adj. [piget].
    I.
    Lit., unwilling, reluctant, averse (rare):

    gens pigerrima ad militaria opera,

    Liv. 21, 25, 6:

    pigriores ad facinus,

    id. 39, 13, 11:

    pigriores ad cetera munia exequenda,

    Curt. 6, 9, 29: ad litteras scribendas pigerrimus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1:

    ad conatus magnos piger,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 3, 1.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Backward, slow, dull, lazy, indolent, sluggish, inactive (of persons and things).
    (α).
    With in and abl.:

    interdum piger, interdum timidus in re militari videbare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 1.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    taurus ipsā mole piger,

    Juv. 12, 12:

    mare pigrum ac prope immotum,

    i. e. flowing slowly, sluggish, Tac. G. 45:

    pigrum mare et grave,

    id. Agr. 10:

    palus,

    Ov. P. 4, 10, 61:

    annus,

    that moves lazily, passes slowly, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

    bellum,

    that advances slowly, Ov. F. 2, 727:

    campus,

    unfruitful, Hor. C. 1, 22, 17:

    pigriora sunt ista remedia,

    operate too slowly, Col. 2, 17, 3.—Prov.:

    vult et non vult piger,

    Vulg. Prov. 13, 4:

    dicit piger, leo est in viā,

    id. ib. 26, 13:

    pigrā munire castra dolabrā,

    lazily handled, Juv. 8, 248. —
    (γ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    militiae piger et malus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 124:

    pericli,

    Sil. 14, 264:

    serpit Arar per rura pigerrimus undae,

    id. 15, 504.—
    (δ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    piger scribendi ferre laborem,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 12 (cf. the opp.:

    impiger hostium Vexare turmas,

    id. C. 4, 14, 22).— Absol.:

    pigrum et iners videtur sudore adquirere quod possis sanguine parare,

    Tac. G. 14 fin. —Hence, poet. transf.,
    2.
    Sluggish, i. e. that makes sluggish, benumbing:

    sopor,

    Cat. 63, 37:

    frigora,

    Tib. 1, 2, 29:

    senecta,

    id. 1, 10, 40.—
    B.
    Dull, dispirited, dejected, sad ( poet. and in postclass. prose):

    vultus,

    Mart. 2, 11, 3:

    pigrum aliquem facere,

    id. 10, 104, 15:

    piger tristisque,

    App. M. 4, p. 157 fin. —
    C.
    Dull, unfeeling ( poet.):

    hinc fessos subrepsit in artus Insidiosa quies et pigrae oblivio vitae,

    Stat. S. 1, 4, 56 sq.; cf.:

    indigna est pigro forma perire situ,

    Ov. Am. 2, 3, 14.—Hence, adv.: pĭgrē, slowly, sluggishly (post-Aug.):

    in servitutem transiens,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 17:

    pigre ac segniter agere,

    Col. 7, 5, 3.— Comp.:

    pigrius,

    Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 105; Luc. 5, 434.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > piger

  • 113 reprehensio

    rĕprĕhensĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a holding back, trop.
    * I.
    A checking, check, in speaking:

    (orationem) concinnam... festivam, sine intermissione, sine reprehensione, sine varietate,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 100.—
    II.
    Blame, censure, reprimand, reproof, reprehension (freq. and class.).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    gloriam in morte debent ii, qui in re publicā versantur, non culpae reprehensionem et stultitiae vituperationem relinquere,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

    vitae,

    id. Mur. 5, 11: temeritatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

    brevis neglegentiae,

    Quint. 5, 13, 10:

    personarum,

    id. 9, 2, 68:

    vereri reprehensionem doctorum atque prudentium,

    Cic. Or. 1, 1.— In plur.:

    obscuritatis, infantiae, inscitiae rerum verborumque, et insulsitatis etiam,

    Quint. 5, 13, 38; cf.:

    dissentientium inter se reprehensiones non sunt vituperandae,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 27.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    reprehensionem non fugere,

    Cic. Att. 10, 3, a, 1:

    justā reprehensione carere,

    id. Off. 1, 40, 144:

    sine reprehensione,

    Quint. 1, 5, 14; 1, 11, 18; 9, 2, 68; Plin. 3, 1, praef. § 1; Tac. H. 1, 49:

    citra reprehensionem,

    Quint. 1, 5, 64; 8, 5, 34:

    cum reprehensione,

    id. 11, 3, 165:

    reprehensionem capere,

    to be found fault with, id. 5, 7, 1.— In plur.:

    fore ut hic noster labor in varias reprehensiones incurreret,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 1.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Like our blame for the thing blamed, a fault:

    Hermagoras, in plurimis admirandus, tantum diligentiae nimium solicitae, ut ipsa ejus reprehensio laude aliquā non indigna sit,

    Quint. 3, 11, 22; cf.: usque ad emacitatis reprehensionem. Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 7.—
    2.
    Rhet. t. t., a refutation, Cic. Inv. 1, 42, 78; id. Part. Or. 12, 44; id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; Quint. 9, 1, 34 (cf. reprehendo, II. B. 2.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > reprehensio

  • 114 responsio

    rēsponsĭo, ōnis, f. [respondeo].
    1.
    An answer, reply; a refutation (rare but class.;

    syn. responsum): in quo erat accusatoris interpretatio indigna responsione,

    Cic. Balb. 16, 36; Gell. 12, 12, 1:

    responsio mollis frangit iram,

    Vulg. Prov. 15, 1.— In plur., Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 63.—
    2.
    In rhet.: sibi ipsi responsio, a replying to one ' s own argument, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 207; Quint. 9, 1, 35; 9, 3, 90 (cf.:

    ut quasi ad interrogata sibi ipse respondeat,

    Cic. Or. 40, 137).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > responsio

  • 115 sensus

    1.
    sensus, a, um, Part. of sentio.
    2. I.
    Corporeal, perception, feeling, sensation:

    omne animal sensus habet: sentit igitur et calida et frigida et dulcia et amara, nec potest ullo sensu jucunda accipere et non accipere contraria: si igitur voluptatis sensum capit, doloris etiam capit. etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 13, 32:

    moriendi sensum celeritas abstulit,

    id. Lael. 3, 12:

    si quis est sensus in morte,

    id. Phil. 9, 6, 13:

    (Niobe) posuit sensum saxea facta mali,

    Ov. P. 1, 2, 32:

    sensum voluptatemque percipere,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12. [p. 1671] —
    B.
    A sense, capacity for feeling:

    ut idem interitus sit animorum et corporum nec ullus sensus maneat, etc.,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

    tactus corporis est sensus,

    Lucr. 2, 435:

    oculorum,

    id. 3, 361; so,

    oculorum, aurium,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 111; id. Fin. 2, 16, 52; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; cf.

    videndi,

    id. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    audiendi,

    id. Rep. 6, 18, 19:

    quod neque oculis neque auribus neque ullo sensu percipi potest,

    id. Or. 2, 8:

    quamquam oriretur (tertia philosophiae pars) a sensibus, tamen non esse judicium veritatis in sensibus,

    id. Ac. 1, 8, 30:

    res subjectae sensibus,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 31:

    gustatus, qui est sensus ex omnibus maxime voluptarius,

    id. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

    sensus autem interpretes ac nuntii rerum in capite et facti et conlocati sunt,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omne animal sensus habet,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 32:

    carent conchae visu, omnique sensu alio quam cibi et periculi,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 90:

    ab eā parte opus orsus, ut a sensu ejus, averteret,

    Curt. 4, 6, 9.—
    II.
    Mental, feeling, sentiment, emotion, affection; sense, understanding, capacity; humor, inclination, disposition, frame of mind, etc.:

    ipse in commovendis judicibus eis ipsis sensibus, ad quos illos adducere vellem, permoverer,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189:

    an vos quoque hic innocentium cruciatus pari sensu doloris adficit?

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 123:

    vestri sensus ignarus,

    id. Mil. 27, 72:

    humanitatis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47; id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154:

    applicatio animi cum quodam sensu amandi... ut facile earum (bestiarum) sensus appareat... sensus amoris exsistit, etc.,

    id. Lael. 8, 27; cf.:

    ipsi intellegamus naturā gigni sensum diligendi,

    id. ib. 9, 32:

    meus me sensus, quanta vis fraterni sit amoris, admonet,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 10:

    utere argumento ipse sensus tui,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

    nihil est tam molle, tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam voluntas erga nos sensusque civium,

    id. Mil. 16, 42:

    quae mihi indigna et intolerabilia videntur, ea pro me ipso et animi mei sensu ac dolore pronuntio,

    id. Rosc. Am. 44, 129.—
    2.
    Opinion, thought, sense, view:

    animi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 35, 148:

    valde mihi placebat sensus ejus de re publicā,

    id. Att. 15, 7:

    (orator) ita peragrat per animos hominum, ita sensus mentesque pertractat, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 51, 222 sq.:

    qui est iste tuus sensus, quae cogitatio? Brutos ut non probes, Antonios probes?

    id. Phil. 10, 2, 4:

    dissidenti sensus suos aperire,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 2:

    sensus reconditi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 2.—
    3.
    Esp., the common feelings of humanity, the moral sense, taste, discretion, tact in intercourse with men, often called in full sensus communis (sometimes with hominum), and often in other phrases of similar force:

    ut in ceteris (artium studiis) id maxime excellat, quod longissime sit ab imperitorum intellegentiā sensuque disjunctum, in dicendo autem vitium vel maximum sit a volgari genere orationis atque a consuetudine communis sensus abhorrere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

    quae versantur in sensu hominum communi,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 68; id. Planc. 13, 31:

    communis ille sensus in aliis fortasse latuit,

    id. ib. 14, 34; Hor. S. 1, 3, 66:

    sit in beneficio sensus communis,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20:

    rarus sensus communis in illā fortunā,

    Juv. 8, 73. — Plur., Cic. Clu. 6, 17:

    ea sunt in communibus infixa sensibus,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; so,

    vulgaris popularisque sensus,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 108:

    haec oratio longe a nostris sensibus abhorrebat,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 83; cf.:

    mirari solebam istum in his ipsis rebus aliquem sensum habere, quem scirem nullā in re quicquam simile hominis habere,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 33.—
    B.
    Transf. (in the poets, and also in prose after the Aug. per.), of the thinking faculty, sense, understanding, mind, reason (syn.: mens, ratio).
    1.
    In gen. (rare):

    misero quod omnes Eripit sensus mihi,

    Cat. 51, 6; cf.:

    tibi sensibus ereptis mens excidit,

    id. 66, 25; Ov. M. 3, 631; 14, 178:

    (quibus fortuna) sensum communem abstulit,

    common sense, Phaedr. 1, 7, 4 (in another signif., v. supra, II. A. fin., and infra, 2. fin.):

    eam personam, quae furore detenta est, quia sensum non habet, etc.,

    Dig. 24, 3, 22, § 7:

    nec potest animal injuriam fecisse, quod sensu caret,

    ib. 9, 1, 1, § 3.—
    2.
    In partic., of discourse.
    a.
    Abstr., sense, idea, notion, meaning, signification (syn.: sententia, notio, significatio, vis; poet. and post-Aug.; freq. in Quint.): nec testamenti potuit sensus colligi, Phaedr. 4, 5, 19:

    verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 103:

    is verbi sensus,

    Ov. F. 5, 484:

    quae verbis aperta occultos sensus habent,

    Quint. 8, 2, 20:

    ambiguitas, quae turbare potest sensum,

    id. 8, 2, 16:

    verba duos sensus significantia,

    id. 6, 3, 48: allêgoria aliud verbis, aliud sensu ostendit, id. 8, 6, 44:

    Pomponium sensibus celebrem, verbis rudem,

    Vell. 2, 9, 5:

    horum versuum sensus atque ordo sic, opinor, est,

    Gell. 7, 2, 10:

    egregie dicta circa eumdem sensum tria,

    Sen. Ep. 7, 10.—Introducing a quotation:

    erat autem litterarum sensus hujusmodi,

    Amm. 20, 8, 4.—With gen. person:

    salvo modo poëtae sensu,

    the meaning, Quint. 1, 9, 2.—
    b.
    Concr., a thought expressed in words, a sentence, period (postAug.):

    sensus omnis habet suum finem, poscitque naturale intervallum, quo a sequentis initio dividatur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 61; 7, 10, 16; cf. id. 11, 2, 20:

    puer ut sciat, ubi claudatur sensus,

    id. 1, 8, 1:

    ridendi, qui velut leges prooemiis omnibus dederunt, ut intra quattuor sensus terminarentur,

    id. 4, 1, 62:

    verbo sensum cludere multo optimum est,

    id. 9, 4, 26 et saep.—Hence, communes sensus (corresp. with loci), commonplaces, Tac. Or. 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sensus

  • 116 situs

    1.
    sĭtus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of sino.
    2.
    sĭtus, ūs, m. [sino].
    I.
    (Sino, 1. situs, A.; prop. a being laid or placed, a lying; hence, by meton.)
    A.
    The manner of lying, the situation, local position, site of a thing (class. in sing. and plur.; mostly of localities; syn. positus).
    (α).
    Sing.:

    terrae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 45:

    urbem Syracusas elegerat, cujus hic situs esse dicitur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

    loci,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 61:

    urbis,

    id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; Caes. B. G. 7, 68; 7, 36; Liv. 9, 24, 2:

    locorum,

    Curt. 3, 4, 11; 7, 6, 12:

    Messana, quae situ moenibus portuque ornata est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3; cf.:

    urbes naturali situ inexpugnabiles,

    Liv. 5, 6; Curt. 3, 4, 2:

    agri (with forma),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 4:

    Africae,

    Sall. J. 17, 1:

    castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 57; id. B. C. 3, 66:

    montis,

    Curt. 8, 10, 3:

    loca naturae situ invia,

    id. 7, 4, 4;

    opp. opus: turrem et situ et opere multum editum,

    id. 3, 1, 7; 8, 10, 23; cf. Front. Strat. 3, 2, 1:

    figura situsque membrorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 61, 153; cf.:

    passeres a rhombis situ tantum corporum differunt,

    Plin. 9, 20, 36, § 72:

    Aquilonis,

    towards the north, id. 16, 12, 23, § 59.— Poet.: exegi monumentum aere perennius Regalique situ pyramidum altius, i. e. the structure (prop. the manner of construction), Hor. C. 3, 30, 2 (cf. the Part. situs, in Tac., = conditus, built; v. sino, P. a. A. 2. c.).—
    (β).
    Plur.:

    opportunissimi situs urbibus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 5; so,

    oppidorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

    terrarum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 46, 97; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 252:

    locorum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 4:

    castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 83: situs partium corporis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 122:

    revocare situs (foliorum),

    position, arrangement, Verg. A. 3, 451. —
    B.
    Transf. (= regio), a quarter of the world, region (Plinian):

    a meridiano situ ad septentriones,

    Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 245; 2, 47, 48, § 127; 3, 12, 17, § 108; cf. Sill. ad Plin. 16, § 2.— Plur.:

    (pantherae) repleturae illos situs,

    Plin. 27, 2, 2, § 7.—
    2.
    Soil (late Lat.):

    quae loca pingui situ et cultu,

    Amm. 24, 5, 3.—
    3.
    Description (late Lat.):

    cujus originem in Africae situ digessimus plene,

    Amm. 29, 5, 18.—
    II.
    Lit.
    1.
    Rust, mould, mustiness, dust, dirt, etc., that a thing acquires from lying too long in one place (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.;

    syn.: squalor, sordes): corrumpor situ,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 23; cf.:

    quae in usu sunt et manum cottidie tactumque patiuntur, numquam periculum situs adeunt,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 2, 2:

    tristia duri Militis in tenebris occupat arma situs,

    Tib. 1, 10, 50:

    arma squalere situ ac rubigine,

    Quint. 10, 1, 30:

    immundo pallida mitra situ,

    Prop. 4 (5), 5, 70:

    ne aut supellex vestisve condita situ dilabatur,

    Col. 12, 3, 5:

    per loca senta situ,

    Verg. A. 6, 462:

    araneosus situs,

    Cat. 23, 3:

    immundus,

    Ov. Am. 1, 12, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 52; id. Tr. 3, 10, 70:

    detergere situm ferro,

    Sil. 7, 534:

    deterso situ,

    Plin. Pan. 50:

    prata situ vetustatis obducta,

    Col. 2, 18, 2. —
    2.
    Filthiness of the body: genas situ liventes, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Com. Rel. p. 225 Rib.:

    situm inter oris et barba, etc.): en ego victa situ,

    Verg. A. 7, 452; Ov. M. 7, 290; 7, 303; 8, 802; Luc. 6, 516; Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 33.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Neglect, idleness, absence of use:

    indigna est pigro forma perire situ,

    Ov. Am. 2, 3, 14:

    et segnem patiere situ durescere campum,

    Verg. G. 1, 72; Col. 2, 2, 6:

    gladius usu splendescit, situ rubiginat,

    App. Flor. 3, p. 351, 32. —
    2.
    Of the mind, a rusting, moulding, a wasting away, dulness, inactivity:

    senectus victa situ,

    Verg. A. 7, 440:

    marcescere otio situque civitatem,

    Liv. 33, 45 fin.:

    situ obsitae justitia, aequitas,

    Vell. 2, 126, 2:

    quae (mens) in hujusmodi secretis languescit et quendam velut in opaco situm ducit,

    Quint. 1, 2, 18; cf. id. 12, 5, 2:

    ne pereant turpi pectora nostra situ,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 2:

    depellere situm curis,

    Stat. S. 5, 3, 34:

    flebis in aeterno surda jacere situ (carmina),

    i. e. oblivion, Prop. 1, 7, 18:

    (verba) priscis memorata Catonibus Nunc situs informis premit et deserta vetustas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118; cf.:

    verborum situs,

    Sen. Ep. 58, 3:

    nec umquam passure situm,

    Stat. Th. 3, 100:

    passus est leges istas situ atque senio emori,

    Gell. 20, 1, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > situs

  • 117 testimonium

    testĭmōnĭum, ii, n. [testor], witness, evidence, attestation, testimony (oral or written):

    qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:

    testimonii dictio,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63:

    quorum egregiam fuisse virtutem testimonio Ciceronis cognoverat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 52:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 102;

    testimonium dicere de conjuratione,

    id. Sull. 30, 83:

    testimonium dicere contra deos,

    id. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

    dicere aliquid pro testimonio,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 19; Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 101; 36, 102; id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14:

    testimonium impertire,

    id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

    Bruttiano justissimum integritatis testimonium redditum,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 22, 6: licet iis testimonium reddere industriae, Quint. 11, 1, 88:

    Publio tuo neque operā... neque testimonio defui,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 2:

    legite testimonia testium vestrorum,

    id. Mil. 17, 46: testimonia recitare, Hadrian. in Dig. 22, 5, 3, § 4; so,

    falsi testes, falsa signa testimoniaque et indicia ex eādem officinā exibant,

    Liv. 39, 8, 7:

    vocare aliquem ad testimonium,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4 fin.:

    citare ad testimonium,

    Petr. 2:

    in testimonium citare,

    Macr. S. 1, 4:

    ovis damnata falso testimonio,

    Phaedr. 1, 17, 6.—
    II.
    Transf., that which serves as proof of any thing, proof, evidence:

    hoc interest inter exemplum et testimonium: exemplo demonstratur, id quod dicimus cujusmodi sit: testimonio, esse illud ita, ut nos dicimus, confirmatur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 5:

    testimoniorum quae sunt genera? Divinum et humanum: divinum, ut oracula, ut auspicia, ut vaticinationes et responsa sacerdotum, haruspicum, conjectorum: humanum, quod spectatur ex auctoritate et ex voluntate et ex oratione aut liberā aut expressā: in quo insunt scripta, pacta, promissa, jurata, quaesita,

    Cic. Part. Or. 2, 6:

    dare testimonium sui judicii,

    id. Leg. 3, 1, 1; so,

    laudum suarum,

    id. Lael. 26, 98:

    laboris sui periculique afferre,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 53:

    ejus rei testimonium esse, quod, etc.,

    id. B. G. 1, 44; cf.:

    ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

    cui rei mors indigna Palamedis testimonium dat,

    Auct. Her. 2, 19, 28: quod testimonio sit, non ex verbis aptum pendere jus, sed, etc. Cic. Caecin. 18, 52:

    postquam, quae voluerat, dixerat, testimonii loco librum tradidit,

    Nep. Lys. 4, 3:

    testimonio sunt clarissimi poëtae,

    Quint. 1, 10, 10:

    arca testimonii,

    Vulg. Exod. 25, 22; 40, 5 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > testimonium

  • 118 vox

    vox, vōcis, f. [voco], a voice, sound, tone, cry, call.
    I.
    Lit.:

    omnes voces hominis, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

    exsurge praeco... Exerce vocem,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 13:

    set comprimunda vox mihi atque oratio'st,

    i. e. I must hold my peace, id. Ps. 1, 4, 16:

    humana,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 22:

    ulceribus vocis via saepta coïbat,

    Lucr. 6, 1148; cf.:

    quarum (faucium) vitio et frangitur et obscuratur et exasperatur et scinditur vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 20:

    mira est quaedam natura vocis,

    Cic. Or. 17, 57:

    cum (eloquentia) constet e voce atque motu,

    id. ib. 17, 55:

    vox inflexa ad miserabilem sonum,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

    inclinata ululantique voce canere,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    legem Voconiam magnā voce et bonis lateribus suasi,

    id. Sen. 5, 14; so,

    magnā,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 31: 1, 9, 76: summa id. ib. 1, 3, 8: sedata et depressa. Auct. Her. S, 12, 21:

    tremebunda,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 25:

    theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

    vocem late nemora alta remittunt,

    echo, Verg. A. 12, 929:

    ut nostrorum militum vocibus nonnihil carperetur,

    cries, shouts, Caes. B. G. 3, 17; cf.:

    enimvero voce'st opus: Nausistrata, exi,

    I must exert my voice, must call out, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 92.— Of inanimate things ( poet.):

    ad sonitum vocis (i. e. remorum) vestigia torsit,

    Verg. A. 3, 669:

    fractae voces (maris),

    id. ib. 3, 556; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 519; Lucr. 4, 524 sqq.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    That which is uttered by the voice, i. e. a word, saying, speech, sentence, proverb, maxim (syn.: vocabulum, verbum); sing.:

    dico, Epicurum non intellegere, quid sonet haec vox voluptatis, id est, quae res huic voci subiciatur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

    illa Platonis vera et tibi certe non inaudita vox,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 21:

    hanc sententiam significare videtur Laconis illa vox,

    id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; so, noêma, quā voce omnis intellectus accipi potest, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

    is verbi sensus, vis ea vocis erat,

    Ov. F. 5, 484:

    vocem pro aliquo mittere,

    Cic. Sest. 19, 42; id. Fl. 3, 6:

    vocem exprimere,

    id. Att. 2, 21, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 32; cf.:

    vox populi Romani majestate indigna,

    id. ib. 7, 17, 3:

    quod est positum in voce simplice,

    Quint. 1, 9, 4:

    nescit vox missa reverti,

    Hor. A. P. 390:

    constitue, nihil esse opis in hac voce: civis Romanus sum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 65, § 168; id. Lael. 15, 59; Caes. B. C. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 9:

    ego cum Graecos facerem... Versiculos, vetuit tali me voce Quirinus: In silvam non ligna feras, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 32:

    siderā excantata voce Thessalā,

    incantation, id. Epod. 5, 45:

    consulum voci atque imperio non oboedire,

    command, Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 23; Val. Max. 2, 2, 4:

    unā voce,

    unanimously, Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 46.— Plur.:

    cum illius nefarii gladiatoris voces percrebuissent,

    Cic. Mur. 25, 50:

    non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt,

    sayings, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

    ex percunctatione nostrorum vocibusque Gallorum ac mercatorum, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

    voces per vinum, somnum. etc.... emissae,

    Quint. 5, 7, 36:

    victus Veneris Vocibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 22:

    contumeliosae,

    abusive expressions, abuse, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

    sayings, maxims, doctrines, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34; cf.:

    populum falsis Dedocet uti Vocibus,

    id. C. 2, 2, 21:

    deripere lunam vocibus,

    with charms, incantations, id. Epod. 17, 78; so,

    sacrae,

    id. ib. 17, 6:

    Marsae,

    id. ib. 5, 76.—
    B.
    Speech, language, in gen., = sermo ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus (Mercurius),

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 3:

    Graiā scierit sive Latinā Voce loqui,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 40:

    cum civem ex voce cognovisset,

    Just. 11, 15.—
    C.
    Accent, tone:

    ipsa natura... in omni verbo posuit acutam vocem,

    Cic. Or. 18, 58; cf.:

    rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat,

    pronunciation, accent, id. de Or. 3, 11, 42.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vox

  • 119 indignare

    1. v.t.
    (suscitare sdegno) возмущать, приводить в негодование; (irritare) раздражать; (offendere) оскорблять
    2. indignarsi v.i.
    возмущаться + strum., негодовать против + gen. (по поводу + gen.)

    Il nuovo dizionario italiano-russo > indignare

  • 120 إمتعض

    إِمْتَعَضَ
    ['ʔimtaʔʼdʼa]
    v
    استاءَ s'indigner
    ◊

    إِمْتَعَضَ من سُلوكِها — Il s'indigna de son comportement.

    Dictionnaire Arabe-Français > إمتعض

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См. также в других словарях:

  • indigna — INDIGNÁ, indignez, vb. I. refl. şi tranz. A fi cuprins sau a stârni indignare; a (se) necăji, a (se) supăra. – Din fr. indigner, lat. indignari. Trimis de valeriu, 13.09.2007. Sursa: DEX 98  INDIGNÁ vb. a (se) revolta, a (se) scandaliza, (înv.)… …   Dicționar Român

  • indigná — vb., ind. prez. 1 sg. indignéz, 3 sg. şi pl. indigneázã …   Romanian orthography

  • Vida indigna de ser vivida — La expresión «vida indigna de ser vivida» (en alemán „Lebensunwertes Leben“, literalmente «vida indigna de la vida») fue incorporada dentro de la retórica nazi para referirse a sectores de la población a los cuales, de acuerdo con las políticas… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ceromitia indigna — Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta …   Wikipedia

  • aucupia verborum sunt judice indigna — /okyuwpiya varboram sant juwdasiy indigna/ Catching at words is unworthy of a judge. Applied in State v. Flemming, 66 Me. 142, 151 …   Black's law dictionary

  • aucupia verborum sunt judice indigna — /okyuwpiya varboram sant juwdasiy indigna/ Catching at words is unworthy of a judge. Applied in State v. Flemming, 66 Me. 142, 151 …   Black's law dictionary

  • Aucupia verborum sunt judice indigna — Caviling is unworthy of a judge s dignity …   Ballentine's law dictionary

  • Huádxihua' guzáana'be nñaabe — Indigna que abandone a su madre …   Vocabulario del idioma zapoteco istmeño

  • indignare — INDIGNÁRE, indignări, s.f. 1. Faptul de a (se) indigna. 2. Revoltă sufletească amestecată cu amărăciune, mânie şi dispreţ, provocată de o faptă nedemnă, nedreaptă sau ruşinoasă; indignaţiune. – v. indigna. Trimis de valeriu, 13.09.2007. Sursa:… …   Dicționar Român

  • indignidad — ► sustantivo femenino 1 Calidad de lo que es indigno: ■ la indignidad de la miseria absoluta. SINÓNIMO deshonor 2 Acción indigna o despreciable que se comete en perjuicio de alguien. SINÓNIMO canallada [ignonimia] * * * indignidad 1 f. Cualidad… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • scandaliza — SCANDALIZÁ, scandalizez, vb. I. refl. şi tranz. A (se) indigna, a (se) revolta în faţa unei fapte ruşinoase, a unui abuz, a unei nedreptăţi etc. – Din fr. scandaliser, lat. scandalizare. Trimis de IoanSoleriu, 13.09.2007. Sursa: DEX 98 … …   Dicționar Român

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