heat

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. ( perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,

Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:

ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae,

for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592:

tecta ardentia,

id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201:

ardente domo,

Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.:

radii ardentes,

Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.):

caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121:

vis ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145:

Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse,

Liv. 22, 1:

rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus,

Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747:

arsurae comae,

Verg. A. 11, 77:

videbat quod rubus arderet,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—

Trop.

Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:

fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.:

oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens,

Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—

Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:

Tyrio ardebat murice laena,

Verg. A. 4, 262:

campi armis sublimibus ardent,

id. ib. 11, 602. —

In gen., of any passionate emotion [p. 156] or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).

With abl.:

quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno,

they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180:

In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant,

their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172:

ardere flagitio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1:

amore,

Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47:

iracundiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

curā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9:

dolore et irā,

Cic. Att. 2, 19:

cupiditate,

id. Pis. 24:

studio et amore,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2:

desiderio,

id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

podagrae doloribus,

to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94:

furore,

Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.:

cum arderet Syria bello,

Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—

Without an abl.:

ipse ardere videris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145:

omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant,

were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

Ardet,

Ov. M. 6, 609:

ultro implacabilis ardet,

Verg. A. 12, 3:

ardet in arma,

id. ib. 12, 71; so,

in caedem,

Tac. H. 1, 43.— Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing:

ruere ardet utroque,

Ov. M. 5, 166:

Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras,

Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror):

ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo,

Ov. M. 4, 62:

deus arsit in illā,

id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.:

laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 19):

arsit Virgine raptā,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1:

comptos arsit adulteri Crines,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 13:

delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt,

Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.

arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.— ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.

Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:

ardentissimum tempus,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123:

Austri ardentes,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 93:

quinta (zona) est ardentior illis,

hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46:

ardens Africa,

Luc. 9, 729.—

Trop.

Of the eyes:

oculi,

glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—

Of color:

ardentissimus color,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16:

apes ardentes auro,

glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—

Of wounds, burning, smarting:

ardenti morsu premere dolorem,

with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—

Of wine, strong, fiery:

ardentis Falerni Pocula,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.—

Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:

avaritia ardens,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:

mortem ardentiore studio petere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 61:

ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit,

id. Att. 14, 10 fin.:

ardentissimus dux,

Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2:

ardentissimus amor,

Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2:

studia,

Ov. M. 1, 199:

Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

furor,

ib. Isa. 30, 27:

miserere ardentis (sc. amore),

Ov. M. 14, 691.— Poet. with gen.:

ardens caedis,

Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse:

nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio,

Cic. Or. 38, 132:

verbum,

id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.):

nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

orator gravis, acer, ardens,

id. Or. 28, 99 al. — Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately:

ardenter aliquid cupere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:

ardentius sitire,

to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

ardentius diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7:

ardentius amare,

Suet. Calig. 25.— Sup.:

ardentissime diligere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

călĕ-făcĭo, or contr. calfăcĭo (as calidus = caldus, calidarius = caldarius, etc.), fēci, factum, 3, v. a. (in the time of Quint. the contracted form seems to have been the prevailing one, v. Quint. 1, 6, 21; also Charis. p. 220 P. gives as pass. calfio. In the poets usage varies according to the demands of the verse;

e. g., cālfācìt,

Ov. F. 4, 698;

cālfăcienda,

id. A. A. 2, 214;

cālfācti,

id. Ib. 48, and călĕfēcit, Lucr. 6, 687;

călēfacta,

Verg. A. 12, 66; 12, 269 al. In prose writers—e. g. Quint. 5, 10, 58—the best MSS. vary between the two forms. — Imperat. calface, Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 2.— Pass. regularly calefio;

once by a solecism calefacientur,

Vitr. 5, 10; cf.

concalefaciuntur,

id. 4, 7) [caleo-facio].

Lit., to make warm or hot, to warm, heat: ventus ubi percaluit calefecitque omnia, *Lucr. 6, 687:

dolium calfacito,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

ad calefaciendum corpus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

igne focum,

Ov. F. 4, 698.— Pass.:

calamistris calefactis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.:

abi intro ac jube huic aquam calefieri,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 48:

calefieri jussi reliquias,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 25:

fauces calefiunt,

Auct. Her. 3, 12, 21:

balineum calfieri jubebo,

Cic. Att. 2, 3, 3:

Algenti manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 214:

ovum cum porri suco calefactum,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 47:

ora calefacta,

Verg. A. 12, 66.—

Trop.

In colloquial lang., to trouble, vex:

calface hominem,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 2: si Parthi vos nihil calfaciunt, nos hic frigore frigescimus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 4:

Gabinium calefecerat Memmius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1.—

Poet., of the passions, to heat, to rouse up, excite:

calefacta corda tumultu,

Verg. A. 12, 269; Ov. Ib. 48:

vino calefacta Venus,

Claud. B. Gild. 182.—

To pursue something with zeal:

forum aleatorium calfecimus,

Suet. Aug. 71 Ruhnk.

flāgĭtĭum, ii, n. [flagito; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, p. 143; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 398 sq.; orig., burning desire, heat of passion].

Lit., an eager or furious demand, importunity, urgency (post-Aug. and rare; cf.

flagitatio): Lentulus credebatur illa militiae flagitia primus aspernari,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

pro Plancina cum pudore et flagitio disseruit, matris preces obtendens,

id. ib. 3, 17.—

Transf.

Esp., a shameful or disgraceful act done in the heat of passion; a burning shame, disgraceful thing (class.;

syn.: scelus, nefas, facinus, maleficium, peccatum, delictum, crimen): quae (convivia) domesticis stupris flagitiisque flagrabunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71; so,

flagrantissima (with adulteria),

Tac. A. 14, 51; cf.:

stupra et adulteria et omne tale flagitium,

Cic. de Sen. 12, 40; id. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

domesticis vitiis atque flagitiis se inquinare,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72; cf.:

homo sceleribus flagitiisque contaminatissimus,

id. Prov. Cons. 6, 14; and id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:

tantum sceleris et tantum flagitii admittere,

id. Att. 10, 3:

quae libido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus umquam tuis, quod flagitium a toto corpore abfuit? etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13; cf.:

Q. Curius, flagitiis atque facinoribus coopertus,

Sall. C. 23, 1;

so with facinora,

id. ib. 14, 2 Kritz. N. cr.:

nihil facinoris, nihil flagitii praetermittere,

Liv. 39, 13, 10; 39, 16, 1:

tanta flagitia facere et dicere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73:

in hoc flagitio versari ipsum videmus Jovem (corresp. to stuprum),

id. ib. 4, 33, 70:

in tot flagitia se ingurgitare,

id. Pis. 18, 42.—

In gen., any shameful or disgraceful act or thing (without the accessory idea of passion):

petere honorem pro flagitio more fit,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 28:

flagitium fiet, nisi dos dabitur virgini,

id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

cum loquimur terni, nihil flagitii dicimus: at cum bini, obscoenum est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

flagitium rei militaris admittere,

id. Clu. 46, 128: flagiti principium est, nudare inter cives corpora, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70 (Trag. v. 426 ed. Vahl.):

nonne id flagitium est, te aliis consilium dare, foris sapere, tibi non posse auxiliarier?

is it not a shame? Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 49:

praeesse agro colendo flagitium putes,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50:

quantum flagitii commisisset (for which, shortly before: nihil turpius, quam, etc.),

id. Brut. 61, 219; cf.:

ita necesse fuit aut haec flagitia concipere animo aut susceptae philosophiae nomen amittere,

disgraceful assertions, absurdities, id. N. D. 1, 24, 66.—Comically: Co. Fores hae fecerunt magnum flagitium modo. Ad. Quid id est flagitii? Crepuerunt clare, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 32.— Leg. t. t.: perfectum flagitium, a completed crime (opp. imperfectum), Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 14.—

In vulg. lang., concr. like scelus, shame, disgrace, as a term of reproach, i. q. rascal, scoundrel:

flagitium illud hominis!

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 8; id. As. 2, 4, 67; id. Cas. 3, 2, 22; id. Men. 3, 2, 24; 5, 1, 9:

ipsa quae sis stabulum flagitii,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 31: etiam opprobras vim, flagiti flagrantia, burning shame, i. e. outrageous villain, id. Rud. 3, 4, 28:

omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

(Causa pro effectu.) Shame, disgrace (rare but class.):

id erat meum factum flagiti plenum et dedecoris,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 4; cf.:

magnum dedecus et flagitium,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86: qui non gloria movemini neque flagitio, Sall. Or. Licin. fin. (p. 236 ed. Gerl.):

beatus qui pejus leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50:

flagitio additis damnum,

id. ib. 3, 5, 26:

quia illa forma matrem familias flagitium sit si sequatur,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 71:

facere damni mavolo, Quam obprobramentum aut flagitium muliebre inferri domo,

id. ib. 2, 3, 85; id. Ep. 3, 4, 79:

flagitium imperio demere,

Liv. 25, 15, 19:

consul moveri flagitio timoris fatendi,

id. 42, 60, 4.

flā̆grantĭa, ae, f. [flagro], a burning, a glowing heat, ardor (mostly post-class.).

Lit.:

montis (Aetnae),

Gell. 17, 10, 8:

solis,

App. M. 4, p. 157; 6, p. 178:

aestatis,

Arn. 2, p. 69:

aestiva,

the heat of summer, Mart. Cap. 8, p. 183: non flagrantiā oculorum, non libertate sermonis, sed etiam complexu; etc., * Cic. Cael. 20, 49.—

Trop.: omnem pectoris flagrantiam sedare, vehement desire, Prud. steph. 10, 734:

materna,

maternal affection, Gell. 12, 1, 22.—Concr. as a term of reproach:

etiam opprobras vim, flagiti flagrantia?

thou burning shame! worst of scoundrels! Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 28; cf. flagitium, II. A. [p. 756]

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

flamma, ae (archaic gen. sing. flammaï, Lucr. 1, 725; 900; 5, 1099), f. [for flagma, v. flagro; cf. Gr. phlegma, from phlegô], a blazing fire, a blaze, flame (cf. ignis).

Lit.: fana flammā deflagrata, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ed. Vahl.); Lucr. 6, 1169:

dicere aiunt Ennium, flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi quam bona dicta teneat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 222:

flammam concipere,

to take fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 2:

flammā torreri,

id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:

flamma ab utroque cornu comprehensa, naves sunt combustae,

id. B. C. 3, 101, 5:

circumventi flammā,

id. B. G. 6, 16, 4:

effusa flamma pluribus locis reluxit,

Liv. 30, 6, 5:

flammam sedare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42 fin.:

lumina illa non flammae, sed scintillis inter fumum emicantibus similia,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

solis flammam per caeli caerula pasci,

the blazing light, Lucr. 1, 1090:

erat is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circulus elucens,

i. e. among the blazing stars, Cic. Rep. 6, 16:

polo fixae flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

deum genitor rutilas per nubila flammas Spargit,

i. e. flashing lightnings, id. F. 3, 285:

flammam media ipsa tenebat Ingentem,

i. e. a torch, Verg. A. 6, 518; so,

armant picis unguine flammas,

Val. Fl. 8, 302;

for ignis: modum ponere iambis flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 3:

flamma ferroque absumi,

by fire and sword, Liv. 30, 6; Juv. 10, 266.—

Provv.

Flamma fumo est proxima:

Fumo comburi nihil potest, flamma potest,

i. e. the slightest approach to impropriety leads to vice, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 53. —

E flamma cibum petere, to snatch [p. 757] food from the flames, i. e. to be reduced to extremities for want of it, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 38 (cf. Cat. 59).—

Prius undis flamma (sc. miscebitur), sooner will fire mingle with water, of any thing impossible, Poët. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 49.—

Unda dabit flammas, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 4.—

flamma recens parva sparsa resedit aqua, = obsta principiis, Ov. H. 17, 190.—

Transf.

Of color, flame-color:

reddit flammam excellentis purpurae,

Plin. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

stant lumina (i. e. oculi) flammā,

his eyes glare with fire, Verg. A. 6, 300; cf.:

rubrā suffusus lumina flammā,

Ov. M. 11, 368.—

Fever-heat, Ov. M. 7, 554.—

Trop., viz., acc. as the notion of glowing heat or of destructive power predominates (cf. flagro, II.).—

The flame or fire of passion, esp. of love, the flame or glow of love, flame, passion, love:

amoris turpissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

cuncto concepit pectore flammam Funditus,

Cat. 64, 92; cf.:

excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 7, 17:

digne puer meliore flammā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 20:

ira feri mota est: spirat pectore flammas,

Ov. M. 8, 355; Sil. 17, 295:

omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93; cf.:

scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere, sed memoria rerum gestarum eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere,

Sall. J. 4, 6.—

A devouring flame, destructive fire, suffering, danger:

incidi in ipsam flammam civilis discordiae vel potius belli,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 2:

invidiae,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

is se tum eripuit flammā,

id. Brut. 23, 90:

implacatae gulae,

i. e. raging hunger, Ov. M. 8, 849.—

Flamma Jovis, the name of a red flower, Plin. 27, 7, 27, § 44.

Flamma, ae, m., a Roman surname, Tac. H. 4, 45.

frĕtum, i, n., and frĕtus, ūs, m. [root phru, to be in uneasy motion, boil, flash; cf. Sanscr. bhur; Lat. ferveo], a strait, sound, channel.

Lit.

In gen.

Form fretum:

fretum dictum a similitudine ferventis aquae, quod in fretum saepe concurrat aestus atque differvescat,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 22; Isid. Orig. 13, 18:

(presteres) freta circum Fervescunt,

Lucr. 6, 427:

quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus plura dicam?

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

aestus maritimi, fretorumque angustiae,

id. N. D. 2, 7, 19; id. Mur. 17, 35:

Seston Abydena separat urbe fretum,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 28:

fretum Siciliense,

the Sicilian Strait, the Strait of Messina, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 24;

also called fretum Siciliae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3, 1; v. infra:

fretum nostri maris et Oceani,

i. e. the Gaditanian Strait, Strait of Gibraltar, Sall. J. 17, 4.—

Form fretus: salis fretus, Lucil. ap. Non. 205, 30; Naev. ib. 27 (Trag. Rel. p. 12 Rib.):

angusto fretu,

Lucr. 1, 720; cf.:

ut perangusto fretu divisa servitutis ac libertatis jura cognosceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169 (cf. Gell. 13, 20, 15):

in Scyllaeo illo aeris alieni tamquam in fretu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 18: inter Italiam et Siciliam qui est fretus, Varr. ap. Non. 205, 31: a Gaditano fretu, Cic. ap. Charis. p. 103 P.: angustiae fretus, Messala, ib.: salsi fretus, Licin. ib.—

In partic., the Strait, for the Strait of Sicily:

cum se ille septimo die venisse a freto dixisset,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; 2, 2, 7 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 29, 1; Suet. Tib. 2; Flor. 2, 2; Hor. Epod. 9, 7 al.—

Hence, Frĕtensis, e, adj.:

Fretense mare,

i. e. the Strait of Sicily, Cic. Att. 10, 7, 1.—

Poet. transf.

In gen., the sea (syn.: mare, oceanus, pelagus, pontus).— Plur.:

fervet fretis spirantibus aequor,

Verg. G. 1, 327:

in freta dum fluvii current,

id. A. 1, 607; cf. Ov. M. 1, 36:

pastor cum traheret per freta navibus Idaeis Helenen,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 1:

fretis acrior Hadriae,

id. ib. 1, 33, 15.— Sing.:

Euxinum,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 2:

Libycum,

id. F. 3, 568.—

Of the sky: (pulvis) omnem pervolat caeli fretum, Enn. ap. Non. 205, 29 (Trag. v. 31 Vahl.).—

Of the spring, as the period of transition from cold to heat:

fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum,

Lucr. 6, 364; so,

freta anni,

ib. 374 ex conject. Lachm. v. ej. annot. p. 369.—

A raging, swelling, heat, violence:

aetatis freta,

Lucr. 4, 1030; cf.:

fretum adolescentiae, id est secunda imperii aetas,

Flor. 1, 26:

invidiae atque acerbitatis fretum effervescit,

Gell. 10, 3, 7.

incendĭum, ĭi, n. [incendo], a burning, fire, conflagration.

Lit. (freq. and class.; equally common in sing. and plur.):

incendium facere,

to set fire to, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 31; Caes. B. G. 5, 19 fin.:

excitare, restinguere,

Cic. Mur. 25, 51 (v. under II.):

in ipso urbis incendio,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

frumentum flumine atque incendio corruperunt,

id. B. G. 7, 55, 8:

omnia incendiis vastare,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 25, 1; cf.:

nihil cogitant nisi caedes, nisi incendia, nisi rapinas,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

si incendium in arce fuerit,

Quint. 7, 7, 4:

si janua tenebitur incendio,

id. 2, 13, 16:

cunctos qui proelio superfuerant, incendium hausit,

Tac. H. 4, 60 fin.:

neglecta solent incendia sumere vires,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 85; cf. Verg. A. 5, 680:

Aetna nocturnis mirus incendiis,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 88:

vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia,

Juv. 3, 197:

incendia praedandi causa facere,

Paul. Sent. 5, 20, 1:

fortuita incendia,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3.—

Transf.

In gen., fire, burning, heat ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

siderum,

Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 172:

Auster Africae incendia cum serenitate affert,

id. 18, 33, 76, § 329:

stomachi,

Lucr. 4, 872.—

Concr., a firebrand, torch ( poet.), Verg. A. 9, 71; Ov. M. 14, 539.—

Trop., fire, flame, heat, glow, vehemence (class.; a favorite trope of Cic.).

In gen.:

si quod esset in suas fortunas incendium excitatum, id se non aquā sed ruinā restincturum,

Cic. Mur. 25, 51 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

miseriarum,

id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

invidiae incendio conflagrare,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 29:

incendio alieni judicii conflagrare,

Liv. 39, 6, 4: res cogit, huic tanto incendio succurrere omnes, qui, etc., Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

populare,

Liv. 22, 40, 3:

annonae,

a raising of the price of corn, Manil. 4, 168; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 4.—

Esp., the fire of passion: ita mihi in pectore atque in corde facit amor incendium, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 3:

cupiditatum incendiis inflammatus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 70:

restinctis jam animorum incendiis,

id. Or. 8, 27:

oratione concitare,

id. de Or. 2, 47, 197:

abstruso pectus ejus flagravit incendio (i. e. dolore),

Vell. 2, 130, 4:

militaris tumultus,

id. 2, 125, 4:

aliae Satyris incendia mitia praebent,

enkindle, inflame, Ov. F. 1, 411:

movere,

id. A. A. 2, 301.

incendo, di, sum, 3 (archaic form of the perf. subj. incensit = incenderit, sicut incepsit = inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. [in-candeo; cf.: accendo and succendo], to set fire to, to kindle, burn (freq. and class.; syn. inflammare).

Lit.:

cupas taedā ac pice refertas incendunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 2:

tus et odores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 37, § 77; cf.

odores,

id. Tusc. 3, 18, 43:

lychnos,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

oppida sua omnia, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 2:

aedificia vicosque,

id. ib. 6, 6, 1:

tabularium,

Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

Capitolium,

Sall. C. 47, 2:

naves omnes,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

tamquam ipse suas incenderit aedes,

Juv. 3, 222:

classem inflammari incendique jussit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 91:

urbem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 9, 9, 6:

quod primo incendendum Avaricum censuerat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

agros,

Verg. G. 1, 84:

vepres,

id. ib. 1, 271:

cum ipse circumsessus paene incenderere,

wast consumed, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 33, § 85.— Absol.:

nec incendit nisi ignis,

Quint. 6, 2, 28.—

Transf.

To light up with fire, to make a fire upon:

aras votis,

i. e. in pursuance of vows, Verg. A. 3, 279:

altaria,

id. ib. 8, 285.—

To heat, make hot:

diem,

Luc. 4, 68:

igne et tenuibus lignis fornacem incendemus,

will heat, warm, Col. 12, 19, 3.—

To make bright or shining, to brighten, illumine:

ejusdem (solis) incensa radiis luna,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87; Ov. P. 2, 1, 41:

maculosus et auro Squamam incendebat fulgor,

Verg. A. 5, 88: vivis digitos incendere gemmis, to make brilliant, i. e. to adorn, Stat. S. 2, 1, 134.—

Trop.

To kindle, inflame, set on fire; to fire, rouse, incite, excite; to irritate, incense (esp. freq. in pass.):

ut mihi non solum tu incendere judicem, sed ipse ardere videaris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

iidem hominem perustum etiamnum gloria volunt incendere,

id. Fam. 13, 15, 2:

me ita vel cepit vel incendit, ut cuperem, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

aliquem morando,

Sall. J. 25, 10:

(aliquem) querelis,

Verg. A. 4, 360:

in minime gratum spectaculum animo incenduntur,

Liv. 1, 25, 2:

Tyndariden incendit amor,

Val. Fl. 6, 207:

plebem largiundo atque pollicitando,

Sall. C. 38, 1:

juventutem ad facinora,

id. ib. 13, 4:

bonorum animos,

Cic. Att. 2, 16, 1:

animum cupidum inopiā,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 126:

cupiditatem alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 1:

odia improborum in nos,

id. Att. 9, 1, 3:

tum pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus,

inflames, Verg. A. 5, 455:

illam incendentem luctus,

id. ib. 9, 500: clamore incendunt caelum, set on fire with, i. e. fill with, id. ib. 10, 895:

regiam repentino luctu,

Just. 38, 8 fin.:

rabie jecur incendente feruntur Praecipites,

Juv. 7, 648:

quibus incendi jam frigidus, aevo Laomedontiades possit,

id. 6, 325.—In pass.:

nimis sermone hujus irā incendor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 66; id. As. 2, 4, 14; cf.:

incendor irā, esse ausam facere haec te injussu meo,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 47:

hisce ego illam dictis ita tibi incensam dabo, ut, etc.,

id. Phorm. 5, 7, 81:

amore sum incensus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18:

(mulier) incensa odio pristino,

id. Clu. 64, 181:

incendor quotidie magis non desiderio solum sed etiam incredibili fama virtutum admirabilium,

id. Or. 10, 33:

incensus studio,

id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

iratus iste vehementer Sthenio et incensus hospitium renuntiat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89:

omnes incenduntur ad studia gloriā,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 19, 44:

imperator incensus ad rem publicam bene gerendam,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

Caesar ab eo (Crasso) in me esset incensus,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 9:

nulla mens est tam ad comprehendendam vim oratoris parata, quae possit incendi, nisi inflammatus ipse ad eam et ardens accesseris,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190 fin.:

inimicitiis incensa contentio,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 7, 22:

incensus calcaribus equus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 5.— Absol.: loquarne? incendam;

taceam? instigem,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 9:

dumque petit petitur pariterque incendit et ardet,

Ov. M. 3, 425.—

To enhance, raise: annonam ( the price of corn), to produce a dearness or scarcity (shortly before:

excandefaciebant),

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16 (cf. incendium, II. A.).—

To destroy, ruin, lay waste:

si istuc conare... tuum incendes genus,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 49:

campos,

Stat. Th. 1, 631. — Hence, incensus, a, um, P. a., inflamed, burning, hot:

profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = vehementissimos ardores febris),

Verg. G. 3, 469 Forbig. ad loc.— In comp.:

aether,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 201.

per-cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to boil or cook thoroughly, boil soft.

Lit.:

prandium,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 18:

bubulas carnes,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 127:

lens non bene percocta,

id. 22, 25, 70, § 142.—Prov.:

In digitis hodie percoquam quod ceperit,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 11.—

Transf.

To heat:

umorem,

Lucr. 6, 858:

terram,

id. 5, 1254.—

To ripen:

mora percoquit uvas,

Ov. R. Am. 83:

sol percoquit fructus,

Sen. Ben. 7, 31, 3:

messem,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 8.—

To scorch, to blacken by the heat of the sun:

nigra virum percocto saecla colore,

Lucr. 6, 722.

văpor (ante-class. form văpos, Naev. ap. Non. 487, 10; Lucr. 6, 952; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. kapis, incense; Gr. kapuô, kapnos, smoke; cf. vappa], steam, exhalation, vapor (syn. exhalatio).

In gen.:

aquarum vapores, qui a sole ex agris tepefactis et ex aquis excitantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:

aquarum quasi vapor quidam aër habendus est,

id. ib. 2, 10, 27; Lucr. 6, 271:

aquae calidae,

Cels. 7, 7, 10; Scrib. Comp. 20:

terrenus vapor siccus est et fumo similis, qui ventos, tonitrua et fulmina facit: aquarum halitus umidus est et imbres et nives creat,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 12, 4:

nocturnos formidare vapores,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 93: volat vapor ater ad auras. smoke, Verg. A. 7, 466; Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 40; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Sen. Herc. Fur. 911.—

In partic., a warm exhalation, warmth, heat, etc.

Lit.:

(terra semen) tepefactum vapore et compressu suo diffundit,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51: aestifer ignis uti lumen jacit atque vaporem, Lucr. 1, 663:

solis,

id. 1, 1032; 2, 150; 4, 185; 4, 201; 6, 236; Curt. 7, 5, 3;

of the heat of the thunderbolt: inusta vaporis signa,

Lucr. 6, 220:

finditque vaporibus arva (Phoebus),

Ov. M. 3, 152:

siderum,

Hor. Epod. 3, 15:

lentusque carinas Est vapor,

Verg. A. 5, 683; cf. id. ib. 698:

locus torridus et vaporis plenus,

Liv. 5, 48, 1:

vapore foveri,

Cels. 7, 7, 2; 7, 7, 10; 7, 9 fin.; 8, 4; 8, 7; Col. 1, 4, 10; 7, 3, 8 al.—

Trop., warmth, ardor of love:

pectus insanum vapor amorque torret,

Sen. Hippol. 640.

văpor (ante-class. form văpos, Naev. ap. Non. 487, 10; Lucr. 6, 952; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. kapis, incense; Gr. kapuô, kapnos, smoke; cf. vappa], steam, exhalation, vapor (syn. exhalatio).

In gen.:

aquarum vapores, qui a sole ex agris tepefactis et ex aquis excitantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:

aquarum quasi vapor quidam aër habendus est,

id. ib. 2, 10, 27; Lucr. 6, 271:

aquae calidae,

Cels. 7, 7, 10; Scrib. Comp. 20:

terrenus vapor siccus est et fumo similis, qui ventos, tonitrua et fulmina facit: aquarum halitus umidus est et imbres et nives creat,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 12, 4:

nocturnos formidare vapores,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 93: volat vapor ater ad auras. smoke, Verg. A. 7, 466; Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 40; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Sen. Herc. Fur. 911.—

In partic., a warm exhalation, warmth, heat, etc.

Lit.:

(terra semen) tepefactum vapore et compressu suo diffundit,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51: aestifer ignis uti lumen jacit atque vaporem, Lucr. 1, 663:

solis,

id. 1, 1032; 2, 150; 4, 185; 4, 201; 6, 236; Curt. 7, 5, 3;

of the heat of the thunderbolt: inusta vaporis signa,

Lucr. 6, 220:

finditque vaporibus arva (Phoebus),

Ov. M. 3, 152:

siderum,

Hor. Epod. 3, 15:

lentusque carinas Est vapor,

Verg. A. 5, 683; cf. id. ib. 698:

locus torridus et vaporis plenus,

Liv. 5, 48, 1:

vapore foveri,

Cels. 7, 7, 2; 7, 7, 10; 7, 9 fin.; 8, 4; 8, 7; Col. 1, 4, 10; 7, 3, 8 al.—

Trop., warmth, ardor of love:

pectus insanum vapor amorque torret,

Sen. Hippol. 640.

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