-
61 depreciation
Gen Mgtan allocation of the cost of an asset over a period of time for accounting and tax purposes. Depreciation is charged against earnings, on the basis that the use of capital assets is a legitimate cost of doing business. Depreciation is also a noncash expense that is added into net income to determine cash-flow in a given accounting period.EXAMPLETo qualify for depreciation, assets must be items used in the business that wear out, become obsolete, or lose value over time from natural causes or circumstances, and they must have a useful life beyond a single tax year. Examples include vehicles, machines equipment, furnishings, and buildings, plus major additions or improvements to such assets. Some intangible assets also can be included under certain conditions. Land, personal assets, stock, leased or rented property, and a company’s employees cannot be depreciated.Straight-line depreciation is the most straightforward method. It assumes that the net cost of an asset should be written off in equal amounts over its life. The formula used is:(Original cost – scrap value)/Useful life (years)For example, if a vehicle cost $20,000 and can be expected to serve the business for seven years, its original cost would be divided by its useful life:(30,000 – 2,000)/7 = 4,000 per yearThe $4,000 becomes a depreciation expense that is reported on the company’s year-end income statement under “operation expenses.”In theory, an asset should be depreciated over the actual number of years that it will be used, according to its actual drop in value each year. At the end of each year, all the depreciation claimed to date is subtracted from its cost in order to arrive at its book value, which would equal its market value. At the end of its useful business life, any undepreciated portion would represent the salvage value for which it could be sold or scrapped.For tax purposes, some accountants prefer to use accelerated depreciation to record larger amounts of depreciation in the asset’s early years in order to reduce tax bills as soon as possible. In contrast to the straight-line method, the declining-balance method assumes that the asset depreciates more in its earlier years of use. The table opposite compares the depreciation amounts that would be available, under these two methods, for a $1,000 asset that is expected to be used for five years and then sold for $100 in scrap.The depreciation method to be used for a particular asset is fixed at the time that the asset is first placed in service. Whatever rulesor tables are in effect for that year must be followed as long as the asset is owned.Depreciation laws and regulations change frequently over the years as a result of government policy changes, so a company owning property over a long period may have to use several different depreciation methods. -
62 Budding, Edwin Beard
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. c.1796 Bisley (?), Gloucestershire, Englandd. 1846 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England[br]English inventor of the lawn mower.[br]Budding was an engineer who described himself as a mechanic on his first patent papers and as a manager in later applications.A rotary machine had been developed at Brimscombe Mill in Stroud for cutting the pile on certain clothes and Budding saw the potential of this principle for a machine for cutting grass on lawns. It is not clear whether Budding worked for the Lewis family, who owned the mill, or whether he saw the machines during their manufacture at the Phoenix Foundry. At the age of 35 Budding entered into partnership with John Ferrabee, who had taken out a lease on Thrupp Mill. They reached an agreement in which Ferrabee would pay to obtain letter patent on the mower and would cover all the development costs, after which they would have an equal share in the profits. The agreement also allowed Ferrabee to license the manufacture of the machine and in 1832 he negotiated with the agricultural manufacturer Ransomes, allowing them to manufacture the mower.Budding invented a screw-shifting spanner at a time when he might have been working as a mechanic at Thrupp Mill. He later rented a workshop in which he produced Pepperbox pistols. In the late 1830s he moved to Dursley, where he became Manager for Mr G.Lister, who made clothing machinery. Together they patented an improved method of making cylinders for carding engines, but Budding required police protection from those who saw their jobs threatened by the device. He made no fortune from his inventions and died at the age of 50.[br]Further ReadingH.A.Randall, 1965–6 "Some mid-Gloucestershire engineers and inventors", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 38:89–96 (looks at the careers of both Budding and Ferrabee).AP -
63 таить
несовер.;
(что-л.) hide, conceal( эмоции и т.д.) ;
harbour таить злобу против кого-л. ≈ to bear smb. malice, to bear smb. a grudge;
to harbour a grudge against smb. таить в себе( что-л.) ≈ to harbour, to be fraught( with) (заключать) таить в себе угрозу войны ≈ to be fraught with the threat of war нечего греха таить ≈ it must be confessed/owned;
we may as well confessнесов. (вн.)
1. conceal (smth.) ;
(хранить в себе) harbour (smth.) ;
2. (заключать в себе) hold* (smth.) ;
(обычно что-л. плохое) be* fraught (with) ;
~ в себе огромные возможности have* enormous latent possibilities;
нечего греха ~ there`s no concealing the fact (that) ;
~ся несов.
3. (скрывать что-л. от других) dissemble, hide* things;
не таясь frankly;
4. (прятаться, скрываться) hide*;
lie* hidden, lie* concealed;
lurk;
~ся во тьме lurk in the darkness;
5. (быть скрытным, невидимым) be* hidden, be* concealed;
6. (быть, иметься где-л.) be*, be* hidden, be* latent. -
64 venture
ˈventʃə
1. сущ.
1) рискованное предприятие, рискованное начинание to join smb. in a venture ≈ поддержать чье-л. рискованное предприятие to undertake a venture ≈ организовывать рискованное предприятие
2) коммерч. спекуляция, рискованное предприятие
3) экон. предприятие (акция, действие) joint venture ≈ совместное предприятие
4) сумма, подвергаемая риску;
ставка ∙ at a venture ≈ наугад;
наудачу
2. гл.
1) рисковать( чем-л.) ;
ставить на карту
2) отважиться, решиться;
осмелиться (тж. venture on, venture upon) He ventured( upon) a remark. ≈ Он позволил себе сделать замечание. I venture to suggest that your whole idea is unworkable. ≈ Позволю себе заметить, что ваша идея сама по себе бесполезна. ∙ venture out Syn: bet, chance, dare, gamble, hazard, risk, stake, wager рискованное, смелое предприятие;
рискованная попытка;
опасная затея, авантюра - to run the * рисковать, идти на риск - to make a desperate * to do smth. предпринять отчаянную попытку сделать что-л. - let's make the *! давайте рискнем!, попытка не пытка! (коммерческое) спекуляция;
рискованное предприятие;
коммерческое предприятие - one lacky * made his fortune на одной удачной спекуляции он составил себе состояние - he failed in all his *s все его начинания потерпели неудачу объект спекуляции;
сумма, подвергаемая риску товары, отправляемые за границу на риск отправителя;
отправка таких товаров (экономика) дело, предприятие, фирма - joint * совместное предприятие;
смешанное предприятие( с участием иностранного и местного капитала) организация нового производства > at a * наудачу, наугад > to shoot at a * выстрелить наугад > to answer at a * отвечать наугад > to draw one's bow at a * пустить стрелу наудачу, куда придется;
случайным замечанием попасть в точку рисковать;
ставить на карту - to * one's life рисковать жизнью - to * one's fortune in an enterprise вложить в предприятие все свое состояние - to * too far зайти слишком далеко;
обогнать - I will * five shillings ставлю 5 шиллингов - nothing *, nothing have - nothing *d, nothing gained волков бояться, в лес не ходить отважиться, рискнуть, решиться, осмелиться - to * an opinion отважиться высказать мнение - to * upon a new step решиться на новый шаг - to * at smth. попытаться сделать что-л. - I * to write to you осмеливаюсь вам писать - I will * to affirm... беру на себя смелость утверждать... - I * to disagree разрешите не согласиться (с вами) - today is the first time I've *d out of doors since my illness сегодня я впервые рискнул выйти на улицу после болезни - may I * to ask you a few questions? осмелюсь задать вам несколько вопросов - don't * to do such a thing! не смейте этого делать! - will you * on a piece of cake? не попробуете ли кусочек кекса? (коммерческое) спекулировать;
рисковать ~ сумма, подвергаемая риску;
ставка;
at a venture наугад;
наудачу contractual joint ~ договорное совместное предприятие coowned joint ~ совместное предприятие с уставным капиталом в равных долях equally owned joint ~ совместное предприятие с равными долями собственности equity joint ~ совместное акционерное предприятие genuine joint ~ законное совместное предприятие ~ отважиться, решиться;
осмелиться (тж. venture on, venture upon) ;
he ventured (upon) a remark он позволил себе сделать замечание joint account ~ предприятие с объединенным счетом joint ~ временное товарищество joint ~ смешанное предприятие joint ~ совместное краткосрочное предприятие joint ~ совместное предприятие ~ рискованное предприятие или начинание;
to run the venture рисковать venture вторжение в новую область производства ~ коммерческое предприятие ~ меры по организации нового производства, связанного с риском ~ отважиться, решиться;
осмелиться (тж. venture on, venture upon) ;
he ventured (upon) a remark он позволил себе сделать замечание ~ отправка товаров за границу ~ рискованное предприятие ~ рискованное предприятие или начинание;
to run the venture рисковать ~ рисковать (чем-л.) ;
ставить на карту;
to venture one's life рисковать жизнью ~ рисковать ~ спекулировать ~ спекуляция ~ сумма, подвергаемая риску;
ставка;
at a venture наугад;
наудачу ~ сумма, подвергаемая риску ~ товар, отправляемый за границу на риск отправителя ~ рисковать (чем-л.) ;
ставить на карту;
to venture one's life рисковать жизнью -
65 common ownership
1) эк. общая [общественная\] собственность (ситуация, при которой какой-л. ресурс принадлежит всем членам общества; более строгое определение: отсутствие исключительных прав у какого-л. члена общества на данный ресурс)A common ownership which has no rules about who will have the power to make economic decisions is completely meaningless. — Любая форма общей собственности без правил принятия решений о способах использования этой собственности является пустым звуком.
See:2) эк., юр. совместная [коллективная\] собственность (ситуация, при которой исключительные права на какой-л. актив находятся у нескольких лиц)to be owned by or to be under common ownership with smb — быть в полной или частичной собственности у кого-л.
Alfa Ltd is a company under common ownership with Beta Ltd and Zero Ltd. — "Альфа Лтд." находится в общей собственности компаний "Бета Лтд." и "Зеро Лтд."
Syn:See:* * * -
66 sales
сущ.1) эк. товарооборот, объем продаж [сбыта\], объем сбыта, продажи (реализованные товары в денежном выражении; рассчитывается путем умножения количества проданных за определенный период товаров на цену товара)sales information [data, figures\] — информация [данные\] о сбыте, торговая [сбытовая\] статистика, количественные показатели сбыта
industry sales — объем продаж отрасли, отраслевой объем продаж
decline/increase in sales — снижение/рост продаж [объема сбыта\]
sales opportunities — конъюнктура рынка, возможность сбыта
They have had little time to explore profitable sales opportunities abroad. — У них было слишком мало времени, для изучения возможности прибыльных продаж за границей.
sales volume, volume of sales — объем продаж
daily sales — дневной оборот, продажи за день
sales chart — график продаж [сбыта\], диаграмма торговой активности
A tax hike on company-owned cars will likely further depress sales. — Взвинчивание налогов на автомобили в собственности организаций будет, вероятно, еще больше подавлять продажи.
For the total year 2001, management anticipates a moderate decline in sales. — Руководство предполагает умеренное снижение продаж на протяжении всего 2001 г.
The sales objective is 1,000 litres per month. — Наша задача — продавать тысячу литров в месяц.
lagging sales — замедленный сбыт; замедление сбыта
Some retailers noted that sales growth in the Midwest was equal to or slightly better than the national average, following several months of lagging sales. — Многие розничные торговцы указали, что рост продаж на Среднем Западе был равен или незначительно лучше среднего национального уровня после нескольких месяцев, характеризовавшихся замедленным сбытом.
Syn:See:concessional sales, gross sales, net sales, purchase 1), cost of sales, break-even sales, advertising-to-sales ratio, return on sales, quality of sales ratio, price/sales ratio, sales analyst, sales consultant, sales director2) торг. торги, распродажаsales closing — завершение распродажи, окончание торгов
* * *
продажи: денежные поступления от продаж товаров за определенный период.* * *оборот; товарооборот; сбыт; реализация продукции; объем продаж; запродажа; продажи (разг.). . Словарь экономических терминов . -
67 state ownership
1) эк. государственная собственность (движимое и недвижимое имущество, находящееся во владении, пользовании и распоряжении государства в лице государственных органов, предприятий и учреждений)Syn:See:government organ, government organization, government enterprise, government land, property rights, public ownership, state-owned enterprise2) эк., амер. собственность штата (движимое и недвижимое имущество, находящееся во владении, пользовании и распоряжении органов государственного управления штата, а также государственных предприятий и учреждений штата)Syn:See:3) эк. государственная собственность (наличие исключительных прав государства на какие-л. активы)we have today 100 companies in total or partial state ownership — сегодня у нас 100 компаний находятся в полной или частичной собственности у государства
Syn:See: -
68 accident data
амер. авто отчёт о происшествияхAccidents are reported by state agencies, police departments and other sources and varies from state to state. It is recommended to have pre-owned vehicles inspected by a third party prior to purchase. — Данные о происшествиях сообщаются государственными представительствами, полицейскими отделениями и другими источниками и могут варьироваться в зависимости от штата. Рекомендуется перед покупкой транспортного средства, произвести его осмотр третьим лицом.Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > accident data
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69 car
1) ((American automobile) a (usually privately-owned) motor vehicle on wheels for carrying people: What kind of car do you have?; `Did you go by car?') coche2) (a section for passengers in a train etc: a dining-car.) coche, coche-restaurante, vagón3) ((American) a railway carriage for goods or people: a freight car.) vagón•- car park- car phone
car n cochetr[kɑːSMALLr/SMALL]\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto go by car ir en cochecar bomb coche nombre masculino bombacar park parking nombre masculino, aparcamientocar wash túnel nombre masculino de lavadodining car coche nombre masculino restaurantecar ['kɑr] n1) automobile: automóvil m, coche m, carro m2) : vagón m, coche m (de un tren)3) : cabina f (de un ascensor)n.• auto (Autómovil) s.m.• automotriz s.m.• automóvil s.m.• carro s.m.• coche s.m.• máquina s.f.kɑːr, kɑː(r)a) ( Auto) coche m, automóvil m (frml), carro m (AmL exc CS), auto m (esp CS)to go by car — ir* en coche (or carro etc); (before n)
car seat — ( part of car) asiento m del coche; ( for infant) asiento m de bebé ( para el coche)
b) (Rail, Transp) vagón m, coche mc) ( of elevator) cabina f[kɑː(r)]1. N1) (Aut) coche m, automóvil m frm, carro m (LAm), auto m (S. Cone)2) (esp US) [of train] vagón m, coche m3) (=tramcar) tranvía m4) [of cable railway] coche m ; [of lift] caja f ; [of balloon etc] barquilla f2.CPDcar accident N — accidente m de coche, accidente m de tráfico
car allowance N — extra m por uso de coche propio
car bomb N — coche-bomba m
car bombing N — atentado m con coche bomba
car boot sale N — (Brit) mercadillo m (en el que se exponen las mercancías en el maletero del coche)
car chase N — persecución f de coches
car ferry N — transbordador m para coches
car-hire firm — empresa f de alquiler de coches
car industry N — industria f del automóvil
car insurance N — seguro m de automóvil
car journey N — viaje m en coche
car licence N — permiso m de conducir
car licence plate (Brit), car license plate (US) N — matrícula f
car maker N — fabricante m de coches
car number N — (Brit) matrícula f
car park N — aparcamiento m, parking m, (playa f de) estacionamiento m (LAm)
car pool N — [of company] parque m móvil; (=sharing) uso m compartido de coches
car rental N — = car hire
car sharing N — (=sharing rides) uso compartido del coche ; (with hire-car scheme) uso de coches que pueden ser alquilados por periodos cortos de tiempo
car sharing scheme N — (involving shared journeys) acuerdo para compartir el coche para ir al trabajo y otros trayectos ; (involving hire cars) plan de alquiler de coches por cortos periodos de tiempo
car sickness N — mareo al viajar en coche
CAR BOOT SALE En los mercadillos británicos llamados car boot sales la gente vende todo tipo de objetos usados de los que quiere deshacerse, como ropa, muebles, libros etc, que exhiben en los maleteros de sus coches. Normalmente tienen lugar en aparcamientos u otros espacios abiertos y los propietarios de los vehículos han de pagar una pequeña tarifa por aparcar. Los mercadillos más importantes atraen también a comerciantes y en ellos se venden tanto artículos usados como nuevos. En otras ocasiones se organizan para recaudar dinero con fines benéficos.car worker N — trabajador(a) m / f de la industria del automóvil
* * *[kɑːr, kɑː(r)]a) ( Auto) coche m, automóvil m (frml), carro m (AmL exc CS), auto m (esp CS)to go by car — ir* en coche (or carro etc); (before n)
car seat — ( part of car) asiento m del coche; ( for infant) asiento m de bebé ( para el coche)
b) (Rail, Transp) vagón m, coche mc) ( of elevator) cabina f -
70 estate
i'steit1) (a large piece of land owned by one person or a group of people etc: They have an estate in Ireland.) finca2) (a piece of land developed for building etc: a housing/industrial estate.) urbanización3) (a person's total possessions (property, money etc): His estate was divided among his sons.) bienes•- estate-car
estate n finca / propiedadtr[ɪ'steɪt]1 (land) finca3 (money and property) propiedad nombre femenino, bienes nombre masculino plural; (inheritance) herencia\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLestate agent agente nombre masulino o femenino inmobiliario,-aestate agent's agencia inmobiliariaestate [ɪ'steɪt, ɛ-] n1) possessions: bienes mpl, propiedad f, patrimonio m2) property: hacienda f, finca f, propiedad fn.• estado s.m.• estamento s.m.• finca s.f.• gleba s.f.• hacienda s.f.• herencia s.f.• predio s.m.• propiedad s.f.ɪ'steɪt1)a) (land, property) finca f, propiedad fb) ( group of buildings)a private estate — un complejo habitacional, una urbanización (Esp), un fraccionamiento (Méx)
2) ( Law) patrimonio m; ( of deceased person) sucesión f3) estate (car) (BrE) station wagon[ɪs'teɪt]1. N1) (=land) finca f, hacienda f ; (=country estate) finca f, hacienda f (LAm), estancia f (S. Cone); (=housing estate) urbanización f ; (=industrial estate) polígono m industrial2) (=property) propiedad f ; (=assets) patrimonio m ; [of deceased] herencia freal 4.personal estate — patrimonio m personal
4) (Brit) = estate car2.CPDestate agency N — (esp Brit) agencia f inmobiliaria
estate agent N — (esp Brit) agente mf inmobiliario(-a)
estate agent's (Brit) N — agencia f inmobiliaria
estate car N — (Brit) ranchera f, coche m familiar, rural f (S. Cone), camioneta f (LAm)
estate duty N — (Brit) impuesto m de sucesiones
* * *[ɪ'steɪt]1)a) (land, property) finca f, propiedad fb) ( group of buildings)a private estate — un complejo habitacional, una urbanización (Esp), un fraccionamiento (Méx)
2) ( Law) patrimonio m; ( of deceased person) sucesión f3) estate (car) (BrE) station wagon -
71 national
adjective (of or belonging to a particular nation: national government; national pride.) nacionalnational adj nacionaltr['næʃənəl]1 nacional1 súbdito,-a, ciudadano,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLnational anthem himno nacionalnational costume traje nombre masculino típico nacionalnational debt deuda públicanational dress traje nombre masculino típico nacionalnational government gobierno nacional de coaliciónNational Guard SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL Guardia NacionalNational Insurance ≈ Seguridad nombre femenino Socialnational park parque nombre masculino nacionalnational service SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL servicio militarNational Trust SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL organización que vela por la conservación del patrimonio nacional, tanto natural como arquitectóniconational ['næʃənəl] adj: nacionalnational n: ciudadano m, -na f; nacional mfadj.• gentilicio, -a adj.• nacional adj.n.• nacional s.m.
I 'næʃṇəl, 'næʃənḷadjective nacionalnational holiday — fiesta f nacional, fiesta f patria (AmL)
II
noun ciudadano, -na m,f['næʃǝnl]1. ADJ1) (=of one nation) nacional2) (=nationwide) [newspaper, economy] nacional; [election, campaign] a nivel nacional2. N1) (=person) ciudadano(-a) m / f2) (=newspaper) periódico m nacional3.CPDNational Aeronautics and Space Administration N — (US) NASA f
national anthem N — himno m nacional
National Assistance N — (Brit) (formerly) subsidio (al necesitado)
national bank N — (state-owned) banco m nacional, banco m estatal; (US) (commercial) banco que forma parte del Sistema de Reservas Federal
national costume N — traje m típico nacional
National Curriculum N — (Brit) plan de estudios oficial que se sigue en las escuelas de enseñanza pública de Inglaterra y País de Gales
national debt N — deuda f pública
national dress N — = national costume
the National Front N — (Brit) el Frente Nacional (británico) (partido político de extrema derecha e ideología racista)
national government N — gobierno m nacional
national grid N — red f eléctrica nacional
the National Guard (US) N — la Guardia Nacional
the National Health (Service) N — (Brit) servicio de asistencia pública sanitaria
to have an operation done on the National Health (Service) — ≈ operarse por la Seguridad Social or el Seguro
national heritage N — patrimonio m nacional
national holiday N — (esp US) fiesta f, día m festivo, (día m) feriado m (LAm)
National Insurance N — (Brit) ≈ Seguridad f Social
National Insurance contributions — cotizaciones fpl a la Seguridad Social, aportes mpl a la Seguridad Social (S. Cone)
National Insurance number — número m de la Seguridad Social
the National Lottery N — (Brit) ≈ la lotería primitiva
national monument N — monumento m nacional
national park N — parque m nacional
national press N — prensa f nacional
National Savings (Bank) N — (Brit) ≈ caja f postal de ahorros
National Savings Certificate N — (Brit) ≈ bono m del Estado
national security N — seguridad f nacional
the National Security Council N — (US) el Consejo para la Seguridad Nacional
national service N — (Mil) servicio m militar
to do (one's) national service — hacer el servicio militar, hacer la mili *
NATIONAL GUARD La National Guard (Guardia Nacional) es una organización estadounidense que recluta voluntarios no profesionales a los que se prepara para colaborar con el ejército profesional y las fuerzas aéreas en tiempos de crisis. Los requisitos para alistarse son los mismos que para el ejército normal y, aunque su preparación la dirige el gobierno federal, sus miembros pueden ser movilizados para ayudar en situaciones de emergencia, catástrofes naturales y el control de situaciones excepcionales de violencia civil. Los miembros de la National Guard tienen que prestar juramento de fidelidad a los EE.UU. y al estado al que pertenecen. NATIONAL TRUST El National Trust es una organización benéfica británica que se dedica a la conservación de lugares del patrimonio histórico-artístico o de parajes naturales. Se financia a través de donaciones, aportaciones de los socios, y dinero procedente de la venta de entradas, souvenirs y de las cafeterías o restaurantes que suele haber en muchos de estos lugares.the National Trust N — (Brit) ≈ la Dirección General del Patrimonio Nacional
* * *
I ['næʃṇəl, 'næʃənḷ]adjective nacionalnational holiday — fiesta f nacional, fiesta f patria (AmL)
II
noun ciudadano, -na m,f -
72 car
noun2) (railway carriage etc.) Wagen, der* * *1) ((American automobile) a (usually privately-owned) motor vehicle on wheels for carrying people: What kind of car do you have?; `Did you go by car?') das Auto2) (a section for passengers in a train etc: a dining-car.) der Waggon3) ((American) a railway carriage for goods or people: a freight car.) der Eisenbahnwagen•- academic.ru/11037/car_park">car park- car phone* * *[kɑ:ʳ, AM kɑ:r]I. nlet's go by \car lass uns mit dem Auto fahren!buffet/restaurant/sleeping \car Buffet-/Speise-/Schlafwagen m\car door Wagentür f, Autotür f\car factory Automobilfabrik f\car stereo Autoradio nt* * *[kAː(r)]n1) Auto nt, Wagen mby car — mit dem Auto or Wagen
* * *car [kɑː(r)] s1. Auto n, Wagen m:3. (Straßenbahn- etc) Wagen m4. Gondel f (eines Ballons etc)5. Kabine f (eines Aufzugs)6. poet (Kriegs-, Triumph) Wagen m* * *nounby car — mit dem Auto od. Wagen
2) (railway carriage etc.) Wagen, der* * *n.Auto -s n. -
73 communal
adjective1) (of or for the community) gemeindlichcommunal living/life — Gemeinschaftsleben, das
2) (for the common use) gemeinsam; Gemeinschafts[-küche, -schüssel, -grab]* * *see academic.ru/14659/commune">commune* * *com·mu·nal[ˈkɒmjʊnəl, kəˈmju:-, AM kəˈmju:-, ˈkɑ:mjə-]1. (shared) gemeinsam\communal bathroom/kitchen Gemeinschaftsbad nt/-küche f\communal facilities Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen pl\communal ownership Gemein[schafts]eigentum nt\communal property Allgemeinbesitz m2. (of racial communities) Rassen-\communal riots have once again broken out between the two ethnic groups zwischen den beiden ethnischen Gruppen kam es erneut zu Ausschreitungen\communal violence Gewalt f zwischen ethnischen Gruppen3. (of religious communities) Gemeinde-\communal prayer Gemeinschaftsgebet nt4. (of a commune) Kommunen-\communal living Leben nt in einer Kommune* * *['kɒmjuːnl]adj1) (= of a community) Gemeinde-2) (= owned, used in common) gemeinsam; bathroom, kitchen also Gemeinschafts-* * *1. Gemeinde…, Kommunal…2. gemeinschaftlich, Gemeinschafts…:3. einfach, Volks…:communal poetry Volksdichtung f* * *adjective1) (of or for the community) gemeindlichcommunal living/life — Gemeinschaftsleben, das
2) (for the common use) gemeinsam; Gemeinschafts[-küche, -schüssel, -grab]* * *adj.kommunal adj. -
74 estate
noun1) (landed property) Gut, das2) (Brit.) (housing estate) [Wohn]siedlung, die; (industrial estate) Industriegebiet, das; (trading estate) Gewerbegebiet, das3) (total assets) (of deceased person) Erbmasse, die (Rechtsspr.); Nachlass, der; (of bankrupt) Konkursmasse, die (Wirtsch., Rechtsspr.)* * *[i'steit]1) (a large piece of land owned by one person or a group of people etc: They have an estate in Ireland.) der Grundbesitz2) (a piece of land developed for building etc: a housing/industrial estate.) die Siedlung3) (a person's total possessions (property, money etc): His estate was divided among his sons.) der Besitz•- academic.ru/25051/estate_agent">estate agent- estate-car* * *es·tate[ɪˈsteɪt, esˈ-]n1. (landed property) Grundbesitz m; (piece of land) [großes] Grundstück, Anwesen nt; (with buildings) Gut ntcountry \estate Landgut nt2. LAW (personal property) [Privat]vermögen nt, Vermögensmasse f; (of deceased person) Erbmasse f, Nachlass m, SCHWEIZ a. Verlassenschaft fpersonal \estate bewegliches Vermögen, Mobiliarvermögen ntreal \estate Immobilien pl, Grundbesitz mto leave one's entire \estate to sb jdm sein gesamtes Vermögen hinterlassen [o vererbencouncil \estate Wohnviertel nt mit Sozialwohnungenhousing \estate [Wohn]siedlung findustrial \estate Industriegebiet nttrading \estate Gewerbegebiet nt, Industriegebiet ntthe first \estate der erste Stand [o Klerus]the fourth \estate ( hum) die Zunft der Journalisten [o Presseto reach man's \estate in den Mannesstand treten veraltetthe holy \estate of matrimony der heilige Stand der Ehe gehof high/low \estate ( old) von hohem/niedrigem Stand* * *[I'steɪt]n1) (= land) Gut ntcountry estate — Landgut nt
to leave one's estate to sb — jdm seinen ganzen Besitz vermachen or hinterlassen
See:→ realthe three estates —
person of high estate (old) the holy estate of matrimony ( Brit Rel ) — Standesperson f (old) der heilige Stand der Ehe
5)See:= estate car* * *estate [ıˈsteıt] s1. Stand m, Klasse f:the (Three) Estates of the Realm Br die drei gesetzgebenden Stände (Lords Spiritual, Lords Temporal, Commons); → first estate, etc2. JURb) (Erb-, Konkurs-)Masse f, Nachlass mc) Besitzrecht n3. (großes) Grundstück, Besitzung f, Landsitz m, Gut n4. obs (Zu)Stand m:man’s estate Mannesalter n;the holy estate of matrimony der heilige Stand der Ehe5. Bra) (Wohn)Siedlung fb) Industriegebiet nest. abk1. established2. estate* * *noun1) (landed property) Gut, das2) (Brit.) (housing estate) [Wohn]siedlung, die; (industrial estate) Industriegebiet, das; (trading estate) Gewerbegebiet, das3) (total assets) (of deceased person) Erbmasse, die (Rechtsspr.); Nachlass, der; (of bankrupt) Konkursmasse, die (Wirtsch., Rechtsspr.)* * *n.Besitztum n.Domäne -n f.Grundbesitz m.Gut ¨-er n.(Land (<¨-er>))Gutshof -¨e m. -
75 own
1. vвладеть; обладать2. a -
76 car
1) ((American automobile) a (usually privately-owned) motor vehicle on wheels for carrying people: What kind of car do you have?; `Did you go by car?') bil2) (a section for passengers in a train etc: a dining-car.) (jernbane)kupé3) ((American) a railway carriage for goods or people: a freight car.) (jernbane)vogn•- car park- car phonebilsubst. \/kaː\/1) ( også motor car) bil2) ( poetisk) vogn3) (amer., også tramcar) sporvogn, trikk4) (amer.) jernbanevogn, togvogn5) ( luftfart) gondol, kurv6) stol (i taubane)7) heiskupé (i heis)dining car bistrovogn, spisevogngo by car ta bil, kjøre bilsleeping car sovevogn -
77 estate
i'steit1) (a large piece of land owned by one person or a group of people etc: They have an estate in Ireland.) gods, plantasje2) (a piece of land developed for building etc: a housing/industrial estate.) boligfelt, industriområde3) (a person's total possessions (property, money etc): His estate was divided among his sons.) (døds)bo, formue, midler•- estate-carsubst. \/ɪˈsteɪt\/, \/eˈsteɪt\/1) gods, (land)eiendom, plantasje (amer.)2) (britisk, også estate car) stasjonsvogn3) (britisk, også housing estate) boligområde, bebyggelse4) ( jus) eiendom, eiendeler, besittelse5) ( jus) (døds)bo, arvemasse, formue6) ( jus) konkursbo7) rikets stand8) ( litterært) tilstand, stilling, stand, rangdistribution of the estate ( jus) arveskifteentail an estate on somebody gi en eiendom i arv til noen, la en eiendom gå i arv til noenestate in bankruptcy ( jus) konkursboestates stenderthe holy estate of matrimony den hellige ektestandthe three estates of the realm ( britisk) de tre stender (the Lords Spiritual, the Lords Temporal, the Commons)wind up the estate ( jus) gjøre opp boet -
78 state
I steit noun1) (the condition in which a thing or person is: the bad state of the roads; The room was in an untidy state; He inquired about her state of health; What a state you're in!; He was not in a fit state to take the class.) tilstand2) (a country considered as a political community, or, as in the United States, one division of a federation: The Prime Minister visits the Queen once a week to discuss affairs of state; The care of the sick and elderly is considered partly the responsibility of the state; ( also adjective) The railways are under state control; state-controlled / owned industries.) stat, stats-, rike, riks-3) (ceremonial dignity and splendour: The Queen, wearing her robes of state, drove in a horse-drawn coach to Westminster; ( also adjective) state occasions/banquets.) prakt; fullt seremoniell, stats-•- stately- stateliness
- statesman
- statesmanlike
- statesmanship
- get into a state
- lie in state II steit verb(to say or announce clearly, carefully and definitely: You have not yet stated your intentions.) erklære, uttaleland--------stas--------stat--------staten--------stillingIsubst. \/steɪt\/1) tilstand, forfatning, stand, skikk, stilling, situasjon• remember your state of health and be careful!2) ( vitenskap) stadium, form3) stat, delstat4) stand, stilling, status, rang, verdighet5) prakt, galla, stasbe in a state about something være opprørt over noeget into a state ( hverdagslig) hisse seg oppin a bad state i dårlig tilstandin a state of flux i stadig forandringin a state of nature i naturlig tilstand splitter nakenbe in a state of unrepair forfallenin (great) state i full galla, i all sin prakt, med pomp og prakt, med fullt seremoniellkeep state eller live in(great\/high) state føre stort hus, leve som en fyrstelie in state ligge på lit de parademarried state gift standsingle state enslig stand, ugift standstate call ( hverdagslig) oppvartning, formell visittstate of health helsetilstandstate of mind sinnstilstand, psykisk tilstand, sinnsstemningstate of readiness\/preparedness stridsberedskapState of the Union message ( i USA) tale om rikets tilstand (presidentens tale ved åpningen av kongressen)the state of things forholdene, forholdet, tingenes tilstandunder de nåværende markedsforhold\/konjunkturerstate of war krigstilstandthe state opening of Parliament parlamentets høytidelige åpningstates ( i riksforsamling) stenderthe States General ( i Nederland) generalstatene ( historisk) (riks)stenderforsamlingen, riksstendene (i Frankrike)unmarried state ugift standIIverb \/steɪt\/1) erklære, si, uttale, angi, oppgi, meddele, melde, opplyse2) legge frem, fremlegge, fremføre, fremstille, gjøre rede for3) konstaterejeg bare konstaterer fakta, jeg sier det bare som det er4) fastslå, fastsette, berammeIIIadj. \/steɪt\/1) høytidelig, galla-, offisiell2) stats-, statlig, statseid -
79 bien
bien 1 adjetivo invariable 1 [estar] (de salud, en general) well; sentirse or encontrarse bien to feel well;◊ ¿cómo estás? — muy bien, gracias how are you? — (I'm) very well, thank you;¡qué bien estás! you look really well!; ¡tú no estás bien de la cabeza! you are not right in the head 2 [estar]a) (cómodo, agradable):◊ ¿vas bien ahí atrás? are you all right in the back?;se está bien a la sombra it's nice in the shade; la casa está muy bien the house is very nice◊ la fecha/el reloj está bien the date/the clock is right;¿está bien así? is this all right?; si te parece bien if that's all right with you; el cuadro no queda bien ahí the picture doesn't look right there◊ ¿estamos bien de aceite? are we all right for oil?;ya está bien that's enough 3 [estar]◊ ¿lo has leído? está muy bien have you read it? it's very good4 (fam)
bien 2 adverbio 1◊ habla muy bien inglés she speaks English very well o very good English;¡bien hecho/dicho! well done/said!; pórtate bien behave yourself; hiciste bien en decírselo you were right to tell him; siéntate bien sit properly 2◊ bien cocido well o properly cooked;¿cerraste bien? did you lock the door properly?; bien sabes que … you know perfectly well that … 3 bien entrada la noche very late at night; ¿estás bien seguro? are you positive?b) ( en locs)no bien as soon as; si bien although ■ interjección:◊ ¡(muy) bien! well done!, (very) good!;¡qué bien! great! ■ conjunción: bien … o … either … or …; se puede subir bien a pie o a caballo you can go up either on foot or on horseback
bien 3 sustantivo masculino 1 (Fil) good; hacer el bien to do good deeds; un hombre de bien a good man 2◊ es por mi/tu bien it's for my/your own goodb)3 ( en calificaciones escolares) grade of between 6 and 6.9 on a scale of 1-10 4◊ bienesa) sustantivo masculino plural (Com) goods;b) (Der) property;bienes inmuebles or raíces real estate (AmE), property (BrE); bienes muebles personal property, goods and chattels; bienes públicos public property
bien
I sustantivo masculino
1 (justicia, bondad) good
no sabe diferenciar entre el bien y el mal, he can't tell the diference between good and evil
una persona de bien, a good person
2 (provecho, ventaja) lo hago por tu bien, I do it for your sake
en bien de la comunidad, for the good of community
3 (propiedad) property: no tiene ningún bien con el que avalar el crédito, he has no property or goods to guarantee his credit
bienes, goods
bienes de consumo, consumer goods pl; bienes gananciales, communal property
bienes inmuebles/raíces, real estate
II adverbio
1 (correctamente) well: hiciste bien en protestar, you were right to protest
toca bien el piano, she plays piano well
2 (sano) well, fine
sentirse/encontrarse bien, to feel well
3 (satisfactoriamente) este vestido te sienta bien, this dress suits you
oler bien, to smell nice
vivir bien, to be comfortably off
4 (antepuesto a un adjetivo: muy) very, quite
una cerveza bien fría, a nice cold beer
bien pronto, very early, very soon (de buena gana) willingly, gladly: bien me iría ahora al cine, I'd love to go to the movies now
III conj ahora bien, now, now then
bien... o bien..., either... or...
bien que mal, one way or another
más bien, rather, a little
no bien, as soon as: no bien llegó..., no sooner had she arrived than...
pues bien, well then
o bien, or, or else
si bien, although, even though...: si bien es cierto que..., although it's quite clear that...
IV exclamación ¡bien!, good!, great!
¡está bien!, (¡de acuerdo!) fine!, all right
¡muy bien!, excellent, first class!
¡qué bien!, great!, fantastic (desaprobación) ¡pues qué bien!, that's all I needed!
¡ya está bien!, that's (quite) enough!
V adj inv un barrio bien, a well-to-do neighbourhood
un niño bien, a rich kid En general se traduce por well. Sin embargo, cuando hablamos de personas decimos fine al referirnos a su salud: ¿Qué tal estás? - Muy bien, gracias. How are you? - Fine, thanks. Para describir un objeto puedes usar good: Ese libro está muy bien. That book is very good.
' bien' also found in these entries: Spanish: abrigar - acabar - acero - agarrar - ahora - alternar - amarrar - andar - antes - atrancar - avenida - avenido - avenirse - bailar - barbaridad - base - bastante - cabeza - caer - casar - cerrarse - columpiarse - cómo - comprobar - comunicada - comunicado - comunitaria - comunitario - coña - concesión - considerada - considerado - consuelo - contraria - contrario - convenir - cumplir - dar - darse - decirse - declarar - defenderse - deteriorarse - diáfana - diáfano - dinero - discreta - discreto - disfrutar - disputarse English: absence - acquit - agree - airy - all right - along - alternatively - antisocial - appreciate - aptly - articulate - at - aware - balance - ball - begin - behave - beneath - best - better - bookmobile - boom - border - bouncy - by - card - charity - cheap - clean-shaven - clockwork - closely - cloud - come in - come off - come out - conform - congenial - convenient - cosy - cozy - deserve - do - done - effective - either - enjoy - enunciate - equipped - familiar - far -
80 car
1) ((American automobile) a (usually privately-owned) motor vehicle on wheels for carrying people: What kind of car do you have?; `Did you go by car?') bíll2) (a section for passengers in a train etc: a dining-car.) lestarvagn, farþegarÿmi3) ((American) a railway carriage for goods or people: a freight car.) járnbrautavagn•- car park- car phone
См. также в других словарях:
have — have, hold, own, possess, enjoy are comparable when they mean to keep, control, retain, or experience as one s own. Have is the most general term and in itself carries no implication of a cause or reason for regarding the thing had as one s own… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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have — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) v. own, hold, retain, possess, keep, maintain. See possession. n., informal, rich person (see money). II (Roget s IV) v. 1. [To be in possession of] Syn. possess, take unto oneself, hold; see own 1 . 2.… … English dictionary for students
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