hŏnestum

nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].

nĭhil, nothing:

nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—

Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

nil agis,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—

Of persons:

victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—

Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—

Nihil non, everything:

nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

nihil non arroget armis,

Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—

Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

haud nihil,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

haud nihil ambigam,

I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—

Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7:

si nihil aliud,

if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—

With gen.:

nihil mali,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

nihil novi,

id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

nihil humanarum rerum,

id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—

Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 16:

qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 3, 19, 6:

si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

id. 30, 35, 8:

illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

Liv. 2, 29, 4:

is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

id. 2, 32, 8:

nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

id. 2, 49, 9 al. —

Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

Liv. 3, 54:

nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

id. Clu. 26, 70.—

Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

Juv. 3, 84.—

Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

nihil ad Persium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

id. Deiot. 8, 24.—

Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

id. Font. 11, 23.—

Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—

Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—

Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

aliquem nihil putare,

to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—

Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

Cat. 68, 131.—

Adverb.

Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

me nihil poenitet,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

conjecturā nihil opus est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

Thebani nihil moti sunt,

Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

nihil miror,

Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—

To no purpose, in vain:

herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—

For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —

nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

id. Fat. 9, 18:

interire in nihilum,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

venire ad nihilum,

id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

ad nihilum recidere,

id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

aliquid pro nihilo putare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—

Nihili, of no value, worthless:

quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

homo nihili factus,

unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—

De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—

Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

nihilo minus,

id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

nihilo benevolentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

nihilo major,

id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

nihilo tamen setius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

nihil segnius,

Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.

In gen.:

minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—

With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—

Strengthened by tamen:

nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—

Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—

Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

nihilum metuenda timere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —

nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

nil sanguinis,

no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

nil sui,

nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—

Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

nil opus est verbis,

Lucr. 5, 263:

ut nil umor abundet,

id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—

nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

ad nilum revorti,

Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

id. 1, 205; 266.

nĭhil, or (ante-class. and post-Aug.) contr. nīl, n. indecl.; and nĭhĭlum, or contr. nīlum, i, n. [ne-hilum, not the least; v. hilum].

nĭhil, nothing:

nihil est agriculturā melius, nihil uberius,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

de re publicā nihil loquebantur,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—

Nihil agere, to accomplish nothing:

nil agis,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 134:

nihil agis dolor! quamvis sis molestus, numquam te esse confitebor malum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

nihil ergo agebat Q. Maximus? nihil L. Paulus? ceteri senes nihil agebant?

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Hor. S. 1, 9, 15; Luc. 7, 809; Vell. 2, 66, 3.—In like manner, nihil per aliquem (sc. agere):

nihil per Senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6; Tac. Agr. 19.—

Of persons:

victor, quo nihil erat moderatius,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2:

ita tibi persuadeas, mihi te carius nihil fuisse,

id. ib. 14, 3, 5:

nihil est tam miserabile, quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17, 57; Tac. H. 1, 79; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1.—

Nihil, nec.. nec (without destroying the negation):

nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo, nec obscurare dicendo,

Cic. Clu. 1, 1; v. neque.—

Nihil non, everything:

nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

nihil non arroget armis,

Hor. A. P. 122; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—

Non nihil and haud nihil, something, somewhat:

non nihil, ut in tantis malis, est profectum,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 2:

non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor,

id. ib. 4, 14, 2:

haud nihil,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13:

haud nihil ambigam,

I may be somewhat in doubt, Liv. 1, 3.—

Nihil quidquam or nihil unum, nothing whatever, nothing at all:

nil ego tibi hodie consili quicquam dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 113:

sine studio nihil quidquam egregium nemo umquam assequetur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7:

si nihil aliud,

if there were nothing else, id. 3, 19, 7; 30, 35, 8.—

With gen.:

nihil mali,

Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:

nihil novi,

id. Fam. 2, 14, 1:

nihil humanarum rerum,

id. Red. Quir. 5, 1:

nihil est lucri quod me hodie facere mavelim, quam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 18.—Adjectives also, of the second declension as well as of the third, are not unfrequently joined to nihil in the same case, as nihil honestum, lautum, forte, illustre:

nihil exspectatione vestrā dignum dico,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137.—

Nihil, or mhil aliud, with nisi, quam, praeter, praeterquam, etc., nothing else than, nothing except, nothing but:

tu, quantus quantus, nihil nisi sapientia es,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 40:

amare nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

si nihil aliud fecerunt, nisi rem detulerunt, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108:

ut nihil aliud, quam de hoste cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

nihil tibi deest praeter voluntatem,

nothing except, id. Fam. 4, 7, 3:

puto te existimare, me ex his miseriis nihil aliud quaerere, nisi ut homines intellegant, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 16:

qui nihil praeterquam de vitā cogitarent, Auct. B. Alex. 8.—Sometimes, in this connection, elliptically: Herdonius, si nihil aliud, hostem se fatendo prope denuntiavit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 3, 19, 6:

si nihil aliud, vulneribus certe ferrum hostile hebetarent,

id. 30, 35, 8:

illā quidem nocte nihil praeterquam vigilatum est in urbe,

id. 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 83.—Hence, as adv.: nihil aliud quam, only:

nihil aliud quam prendere prohibito,

Liv. 2, 29, 4:

is intromissus in castra nihil aliud quam hoc narrāsse fertur,

id. 2, 32, 8:

nihil aliud quam in populationibus res fuit,

id. 2, 49, 9 al. —

Nihil... quin or quominus, nothing whereby: nihil praetermisi... quin Pompeium a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem, I have omitted nothing that might separate, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 23:

nihil moror, quominus decemviratu abeam,

Liv. 3, 54:

nihil facere oportet, quominus excedat, etc.,

Cels. 3, 27, 4.—

Nihil est quod, cur, quamobrem, etc., there is no reason why I ( you, etc.) need not:

nihil est jam, quod tu mihi succenseas,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 46:

nihil est, quod adventum nostrum extimescas,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 4:

sed ego nunc nil est, cur me morer,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 102:

nihil est, cur advenientibus te offerre gestias,

Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1:

nihil excogitem, quamobrem Oppianico damnari necesse sit?

id. Clu. 26, 70.—

Nihil est, ut, there is nothing that:

nihil fuit in Catulis, ut eos exquisito judicio putares uti litterarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Nihil est, it is of no use, to no purpose, in vain:

at ego ab hac puerum reposcam, ne mox infitias eat. Nihil est. Nam ipsa haec ultro, ut factum est, fecit omnem rem palam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76: at nihil est, ignotum ad illum mittere: operam luseris. id. Capt. 2, 2, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 6.—In a question:

usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum hausit Aventini?

Juv. 3, 84.—

Nihil ad me (sc. pertinet):

recte an secus, nihil ad nos: aut si ad nos, nihil ad hoc tempus,

Cic. Pis. 28, 68; cf. Ter. And. 1, 2, 16; also, nihil ad, nothing to, nothing in comparison with:

nihil ad Persium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 25; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar, sed ex eis, quos habuit, electos,

id. Deiot. 8, 24.—

Nihil minus, nothing less so, i. e. by no means, not at all:

cadit ergo in virum bonum mentiri, fallere? nihil minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81:

an Gallos existimatis hic versari animo demisso atque humili? nihil vero minus,

id. Font. 11, 23.—

Nihil dum, nothing as yet:

quamquam nihil dum audieramus, nec ubi esses, nec, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2; id. Att. 7, 12, 4.—

Nihil mihi cum illo est, I have nothing to do with him:

tecum nihil rei nobis Demipho est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74; Ov. F 2, 308.—

Nihil esse, to be nothing or nobody, to have no power, to be of no use, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47; id. Fam. 7, 27, 2; 7, 33, 1; Ter. And. 2, 1, 14:

aliquem nihil putare,

to esteem meanly, Cic. Sest. 53, 114 (B. and K. nihili):

accepimus eum nihil hominis esse,

a worthless fellow, id. Tusc. 3, 32, 77; but de Attio Dionysio nihil puto esse, nothing about him, i. e. no news of him, id. Fam. 12, 30, 5.—

Aut nihil aut paulum, little or nothing (Gr. oligon ê ouden):

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna,

Cat. 68, 131.—

Adverb.

Not (as a strengthened non), in nothing, in no respect, not at all:

me nihil poenitet,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 63; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16:

conjecturā nihil opus est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 107; Ter. And. 4, 1, 14:

beneficio isto legis nihil utitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61:

de fratre nihil ego te accusavi,

id. Fam. 14, 1, 4:

Thebani nihil moti sunt,

Liv. 42, 46; 3, 65; 6, 38; 49; Sall. C. 16, 5:

nihil miror,

Quint. 2, 17, 15; 6, 1, 38.—

To no purpose, in vain:

herele hanc quidem Nihil tu amassis: mihi haec desponsa est,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 16.—

For no reason: quorsum tandem aut cur ista quaeris? M Nihil sane, nisi ne nimis diligenter anquiras, Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4. —

nĭhĭlum, i (contr. form nīlum, Lucr. 1, 159; Hor. S. 1, 5, 67), n., nothing:

erit aliquid, quod aut ex nihilo oriatur, aut in nihilum subito occidat,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

ut de nihilo quippiam fiat,

id. Fat. 9, 18:

interire in nihilum,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

venire ad nihilum,

id. Fam. 11, 12, 1:

ad nihilum recidere,

id. Phil. 7, 8, 27: quam mihi ista pro nihilol id. Att. 14, 9, 1:

aliquid pro nihilo putare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40.—

Nihili, of no value, worthless:

quem putamus esse non hili, dicimus nihili,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 81 Müll.; cf.: nihili, qui nec hili quidem est. Paul. ex Fest. p. 175 Müll.:

unde is nihili? ubi fuisti?

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 29: nihili est autem suum Qui officium facere immemor est. id. Ps. 4, 7, 2:

homo nihili factus,

unmanned, id. Mil. 5, 16.—Hence, nihili pendere or facere, to esteem as nothing, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 14.—

De nihilo, for nothing, without cause or reason, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17:

mali rem exempli esse, de nihilo hospites corripi,

Liv. 34, 61; 30, 29.—

Nihilo, with compp., by nothing, no: nihilo pluris, quam si, etc., no more than if, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 21:

nihilo minus,

id. Men. 5, 5, 49:

Phaedriae esse nilo minus amicum quam Antiphoni,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 7 (but minus nihilo, less than nothing, id. ib. 3, 3, 2):

nihilo benevolentior,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 4:

nihilo major,

id. ib. 6, 3, 4:

nihilo tamen setius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4 and 7:

nihil segnius,

Liv. 6, 38.—Esp. as adv.: nĭhĭlō mĭnus, or, in one word, nĭhĭlōmĭnus, none the less, no less, nevertheless, notwith standing.

In gen.:

minus dolendum fuit re non perfectā, sed puniendum certe nihilo minus,

Cic. Mil. 7, 19; id. Phil. 5, 9, 26; Quint. 8, 3, 85.—

With si, etsi, quamvis, quamquam, ut, etc.:

in iis rebus, quae nihilo minus, ut ego absim, confici possunt,

Cic. Fam. 10, 2, 2:

nihilo minus eloquentiae studendum est, etsi ea quidam perverse abutuntur,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

alia sunt, quae quamvis nolit accidere, nihilominus laudat,

Sen. Ep. 66, 44:

si nihil fiet, nihilominus, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2.—

Strengthened by tamen:

nihilominus ego hoc faciam tamen,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 17.—

Nihilo aliter, no otherwise:

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 45.—

Transf., adverb., for non, not, by no means:

nihilum metuenda timere,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 53. —

nīl, nothing, no (rare and mostly poet.;

in Cic. not at all): nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce durum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 31; id. C. 4, 4, 73:

nil sanguinis,

no drop of blood, Ov. M. 13, 266:

nil sui,

nothing proper, id. ib. 3, 435; Vulg. Prov. 10, 2 (in Caes. B. G. 5, 29, the true reading is nihil):

hoc ridere meum, tam nil, nulla tibi vendo Iliade,

such a trifle, Pers. 1, 122.—

Transf. as adv., not at all, by no means:

nil opus est verbis,

Lucr. 5, 263:

ut nil umor abundet,

id. 5, 265; 1, 266:

nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 14.—

nīlum, abl. nīlo, nothing (Lucretian):

ad nilum revorti,

Lucr. 1, 237; so id. 1, 673; 791; 797; 2, 756;

864: nil igitur fieri de nilo posse,

id. 1, 205; 266.

nĭmĭus, a, um, adj. [nimis], beyond measure, excessive, too great, too much.

Lit.:

quod autem satis est, eo quidquid accesserit nimium est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 27, 81:

vitem coërcet, ne in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

id. Sen. 15, 52:

nimiae celeritates,

id. Off. 1, 36, 131:

nimiā pertinaciā atque arrogantiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

Prometheus Assiduam nimio pectore pavit avem,

that grew again too fast, Mart. Spect. 7, 2.—

With abl. of thing, excessive, immoderate, intemperate in any thing:

fiduciā nimius, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess.: rebus secundis nimii,

too much elated, Tac. H. 4, 23:

nimius mero,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 5.—

With gen.:

impotens et nimius animi est,

Liv. 6, 11, 3:

imperii,

id. 3, 26:

sermonis,

Tac. H. 3, 75:

pugnae,

Sil. 5, 232.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n., too much, superabundance, excess:

mediocritatem illam tenebit, quae est inter nimium et parum,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89:

juris,

Sil. 14, 670:

auri argentique nimium fuit,

Plin. 33 prooem. § 5.—

In partic., too mighty, too powerful (post-Aug.):

Cn. Pompeium esse nimium jam liberae reipublicae,

Vell. 2, 32, 1:

legio legatis nimia ac formidolosa erat,

Tac. Agr. 7; Flor. 3, 15, 3.—

Transf., great beyond measure, i. e. very great, very much:

homo nimiā pulchritudine,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimia memoras mira,

id. Am. 2, 1, 69; 5, 1, 52; Mart. 5, 64, 3.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n.: nimium boni est, cui nil est [in diem] mali, it is great good fortune (a transl. of Eurip. Hec. 2: keinos olbiôtatos), Enn. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 41 (Trag. v. 237 Vahl.).—Hence,

In the abl., nĭmĭo, adverb., exceedingly, by far, much, very, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

nimio mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 90.—Esp., with comparatives, = multo:

scito, nimio celerius venire quod molestum'st,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 69 Lorenz ad loc.:

nimio nequior,

id. ib. 1, 2, 65: quia te nimio plus diligo, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A, 1:

ne doleas plus nimio,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 1:

nimio minus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 21:

nimio melius,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 31:

nimio plus quam satis tutum esset, etc.,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

nimio plus quam velim,

id. 2, 37, 4; 29, 33, 4:

nimio amplior,

Gell. 1, 3, 25.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

nĭmĭum, too much, too ( = nimis, in all uses, v. infra):

nimium parce facere sumptum,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 19:

nimium dicere, opp. parum,

Cic. Clu. 58, 160:

nimium ne crede colori,

Verg. E. 2, 17:

diu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10:

longum tempus,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

nimium multi,

id. Clu. 46, 126:

nimium gratum... gratum praeter modum,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

amantes mei,

Quint. 1 prooem. 7 et saep.—

Non nimium, not very much, not particularly:

illud non nimium probo,

Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7.—

Transf., very much, greatly, exceedingly:

homo nimium lepidus,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimium lepida nimisque nitida femina,

id. ib. 4, 2, 12; id. Ps. 1, 2, 71:

loci nimium mirabiles,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

nimium vellem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 49:

o fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint, Agricolas!

Verg. G. 2, 458:

felix, heu nimium felix!

id. A. 4, 657; Stat. S. 3, 3, 25.—In class. prose esp.—

Nimium quantum, as much as can be, very much indeed, exceedingly, very:

differt inter honestum et turpe nimium quantum,

Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 70:

sales in dicendo nimium quantum valent,

id. Or. 26, 87:

ille nimium quantum audacter, Oves, inquit, etc.,

Gell. 16, 6, 9 (nimium quam, false reading for quae nimium, Quint. 4, 2, 70. In Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 13, the better reading is hem quam, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

nĭmĭē (post-class.).

Too much, excessively:

nimie aliquid facere,

Capitol. Gord. 6:

arat (frontem rugis) non nimie sed pulchre dictum,

Macr. S. 6, 6.—

Transf., very much, very:

in locis nimie frigidis,

Pall. 4, 10.

oc-curro ( obc-), curri, rarely cucurri (Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88; Phaedr. 3, 7, 2), cursum, 3 (archaic perf. occecurri, like memordi, peposci, Aelius Tubero ap. Gell. 7, 9, 11), v. n., to run up to, run to meet; to go or come up to, to go or come to meet, to meet (class.; syn. obvenio).

Lit.

In gen.:

ilico Occucurri atque interpello,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88:

Caesari venienti,

Caes. B. G. 3, 79:

obviam alicui,

to go to meet, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

amicis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 135; Suet. Calig. 4.— Impers.:

occurritur (sc. mihi),

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 3.—

In partic., to go against, rush upon, attack an enemy:

duabus Fabianis legionibus occurrit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40:

armatis,

id. ib. 2, 27:

telis occurrere,

Verg. A. 11, 808:

obvius adversoque occurrit,

id. ib. 10, 734.—

Transf.

To come to, meet, fall in with any thing:

quibuscumque signis occurrerat, se aggregabat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

tot vatibus,

Juv. 1, 18.—

To go or come to any place.

With dat.:

concilio,

Liv. 31, 29. —

With ad:

legati ad id concilium occurrerunt,

Liv. 31, 29.—

With in and acc.:

in aliam civitatem occurrere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67.—

Of situation.

To stand or lie opposite to:

apud Elegiam occurrit ei (Euphrati) Taurus mons,

Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 84.—

To lie in the way of, meet as an obstacle:

in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat,

Liv. 36, 25, 4.—

Trop.

To obviate or seek to obviate, to meet, resist, oppose, counteract:

omnibus ejus consiliis occurri atque obstiti,

Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

illi rationi,

id. Fat. 18, 41: malevolentiae hominum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 2.—

To cure or attempt to cure; to relieve, remedy:

venienti occurrite morbo,

Pers. 3, 64:

exspectationi,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

rei sapientiā occurrere,

id. Fam. 4, 5, 6; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1.—

To meet with words, i. e. to answer, reply, object:

ut si dicenti, Quem video? ita occurras, ego,

Quint. 1, 5, 36:

Venus,

Val. Fl. 7, 222.— Impers. pass.:

occurretur enim, sicut occursum est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: occurritur autem nobis, et quidem a doctis et [p. 1253] eruditis, etc., id. Off. 2, 2, 6.—

To offer or present itself, suggest itself, appear, occur:

tu occurrebas dignus eo munere,

Cic. Sen. 1, 2:

nec tamen mihi quicquam occurrit cur, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49; 1, 22, 51:

Atheniensium classis demersae et exercitus deleti occurrebant,

Liv. 25, 24, 12; cf.:

ea cum universa occurrerent animo,

id. 25, 24, 12, § 14:

oculis ejus tot paludes occurrerent,

Col. 2, 2:

oras ad Eurum sequentibus nihil memorabile occurrit,

Mel. 3, 9, 3:

animo,

presents itself to his mind, occurs to him, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 104; cf.:

ea quae occurrant,

id. ib. 2, 54, 221:

una defensio occurrit, quod muneribus tuis obniti non debui,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

cogitationi, quonam modo, etc.,

Plin. 29, 1, 1, § 2:

neque vos paeon, aut herous ille conturbet: ipsi occurrent orationi,

will present themselves, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:

haec tenenda sunt oratori: saepe enim occurrunt,

often occur, id. Or. 32, 115:

quodcumque in mentem veniat, aut quodcumque occurrat,

id. Fin. 4, 17, 47:

ne quid honestum occurreret,

Tac. Agr. 2.— With inf.:

occurrit et aliqua dicere de magicis (herbis),

it seems proper, Plin. 24, 17, 99, § 156.—

To reach, attain (eccl. Lat.):

donec occurramus in unitatem fidei,

Vulg. Eph. 4, 13:

si quo modo occurram ad resurrectionem,

id. Phil. 3, 11.

oc-curro ( obc-), curri, rarely cucurri (Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88; Phaedr. 3, 7, 2), cursum, 3 (archaic perf. occecurri, like memordi, peposci, Aelius Tubero ap. Gell. 7, 9, 11), v. n., to run up to, run to meet; to go or come up to, to go or come to meet, to meet (class.; syn. obvenio).

Lit.

In gen.:

ilico Occucurri atque interpello,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88:

Caesari venienti,

Caes. B. G. 3, 79:

obviam alicui,

to go to meet, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 30:

amicis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 135; Suet. Calig. 4.— Impers.:

occurritur (sc. mihi),

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 3.—

In partic., to go against, rush upon, attack an enemy:

duabus Fabianis legionibus occurrit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40:

armatis,

id. ib. 2, 27:

telis occurrere,

Verg. A. 11, 808:

obvius adversoque occurrit,

id. ib. 10, 734.—

Transf.

To come to, meet, fall in with any thing:

quibuscumque signis occurrerat, se aggregabat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

tot vatibus,

Juv. 1, 18.—

To go or come to any place.

With dat.:

concilio,

Liv. 31, 29. —

With ad:

legati ad id concilium occurrerunt,

Liv. 31, 29.—

With in and acc.:

in aliam civitatem occurrere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67.—

Of situation.

To stand or lie opposite to:

apud Elegiam occurrit ei (Euphrati) Taurus mons,

Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 84.—

To lie in the way of, meet as an obstacle:

in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat,

Liv. 36, 25, 4.—

Trop.

To obviate or seek to obviate, to meet, resist, oppose, counteract:

omnibus ejus consiliis occurri atque obstiti,

Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

illi rationi,

id. Fat. 18, 41: malevolentiae hominum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 2.—

To cure or attempt to cure; to relieve, remedy:

venienti occurrite morbo,

Pers. 3, 64:

exspectationi,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63:

rei sapientiā occurrere,

id. Fam. 4, 5, 6; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1.—

To meet with words, i. e. to answer, reply, object:

ut si dicenti, Quem video? ita occurras, ego,

Quint. 1, 5, 36:

Venus,

Val. Fl. 7, 222.— Impers. pass.:

occurretur enim, sicut occursum est,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: occurritur autem nobis, et quidem a doctis et [p. 1253] eruditis, etc., id. Off. 2, 2, 6.—

To offer or present itself, suggest itself, appear, occur:

tu occurrebas dignus eo munere,

Cic. Sen. 1, 2:

nec tamen mihi quicquam occurrit cur, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49; 1, 22, 51:

Atheniensium classis demersae et exercitus deleti occurrebant,

Liv. 25, 24, 12; cf.:

ea cum universa occurrerent animo,

id. 25, 24, 12, § 14:

oculis ejus tot paludes occurrerent,

Col. 2, 2:

oras ad Eurum sequentibus nihil memorabile occurrit,

Mel. 3, 9, 3:

animo,

presents itself to his mind, occurs to him, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 104; cf.:

ea quae occurrant,

id. ib. 2, 54, 221:

una defensio occurrit, quod muneribus tuis obniti non debui,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

cogitationi, quonam modo, etc.,

Plin. 29, 1, 1, § 2:

neque vos paeon, aut herous ille conturbet: ipsi occurrent orationi,

will present themselves, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:

haec tenenda sunt oratori: saepe enim occurrunt,

often occur, id. Or. 32, 115:

quodcumque in mentem veniat, aut quodcumque occurrat,

id. Fin. 4, 17, 47:

ne quid honestum occurreret,

Tac. Agr. 2.— With inf.:

occurrit et aliqua dicere de magicis (herbis),

it seems proper, Plin. 24, 17, 99, § 156.—

To reach, attain (eccl. Lat.):

donec occurramus in unitatem fidei,

Vulg. Eph. 4, 13:

si quo modo occurram ad resurrectionem,

id. Phil. 3, 11.

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

sapientius opta,

Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

inhoneste parare divitias,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

locum tecto,

Verg. A. 1, 425:

locum regno,

id. ib. 3, 109:

externos duces,

id. ib. 8, 503:

L. Furium optavit,

Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

Fest. p. 186 Müll. —

Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

aliquid votis,

Verg. A. 10, 279:

vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

fortunam,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

(Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

id. Pan. 87, 2:

Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

meliores liberos habere,

Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

impleri sinus optabamus,

Quint. 10, 7, 23:

ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

Curt. 10, 1, 7:

quem te esse opto,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

hoc et pallidus optas,

pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

optati cives, populares, incolae,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

rumores,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

gloria,

Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—

Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

afferant,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

impetrare optatum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

praeter optatum meum,

against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

meis optatis fortuna respondit,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

mihi in optatis est,

it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

optato venire,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

mihi veneris,

Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

optato ventis aestate coortis,

Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

ōtĭum, ĭi, n.

In gen., leisure, vacant time, freedom from business (class.; opp. negotium; cf.: immunitas, vacatio): otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, Quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 252 Vahl.): fecero;

quamquam haut otium est,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 36:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

in otio de negotiis cogitare,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 1:

otium inertissimum et desidiosissimum,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

In partic.

Ease, inactivity, idle life (cf.:

ignavia, desidia, inertia): vitam in otio agere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 9:

hebescere et languescere in otio,

Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4:

propter desidiam in otio vivere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 103:

otio tabescere,

id. Att. 2, 14, 1:

languere otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

otium segne trahere,

Tac. H. 4, 70:

magna otia caeli,

Juv. 6, 394:

otium sine litteris mors est,

Sen. Ep. 82, 2:

ducere otia segnia,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 44:

exercere otia molli cura,

Sil. 15, 707. —

Leisure, time for any thing;

esp. for literary occupation: otium moderatum atque honestum,

Cic. Brut. 2, 8: ad scribendum, id. Or. 1, 1, 3:

otium consumere in historiā scribendā,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 57:

otium litteratum,

id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

Tusculani requies atque otium,

id. de Or. 1, 52, 224:

studiosum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 11:

abundare otio et studio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 6, 22:

otium rei si sit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165:

otium habere ad potandum,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 5, 3:

auscultandi,

time to hear, id. Ad. 3, 65:

horum libros delectationi causa, cum est otium, legere soleo,

when I have time, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 59:

si modo tibi est otium,

if you have time, id. Part. Or. 1, 1:

otium studio suppeditare,

to devote time to study, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1:

cum in otium venerimus,

Cic. Att. 1, 7:

me alebat Parthenope studiis florentem ignobilis oti,

i. e. unwarlike, peaceful leisure, Verg. G. 4, 564.—

The fruit of leisure:

otia nostra,

i. e. my poems, Ov. Tr. 2, 224.—

Rest, repose, quiet, peace (opp. bellum), Ter. Ad. prol. 20:

pax, tranquillitas, otium,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

mollia peragebant otia,

enjoyed calm repose, Ov. M. 1, 100:

multitudo insolens belli diuturnitate otii,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36:

res ad otium deducere,

id. ib. 1, 5:

valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5:

ex maximo bello tantum otium toti insulae conciliavit,

Nep. Tim. 3, 2:

studia per otium concelebrata,

in times of peace, Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

ab hoste otium fuit,

Liv. 3, 32:

ab seditionibus urbanis,

id. 3, 35:

otium bello (rogare),

Hor. C. 2, 16, 5; 4, 15, 18:

quies aëris et otium et tranquillitas,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 8:

operis otium,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 25.—

Adverb.

Abl. otio, at leisure, leisurely:

quam libet lambe otio,

Phaedr. 1, 24, 6.—

Per otium, at leisure:

spolia legere,

Liv. 27, 2.

perlūcĕo ( pell-), xi, 2, v. n. [per-luceo], to shine through, shine forth, be visible; to be seen through, to be transparent, pellucid (class.).

Lit.:

ita is pellucet, quasi laterna Punica,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 29:

tenuis ac perlucens aether,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 54:

amethysti perlucent omnes violaceo colore,

Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 122:

perlucens amictus,

Ov. M. 4, 313:

Cretice, pelluces,

i. e. you wear a transparent Cretan garment, Juv. 2, 78:

perlucens toga,

Sen. Ep. 114; Plin. 9, 15, 20, § 50:

perlucens avena,

i. e. with many holes, Tib. 3, 4, 71:

perlucens ruina,

Juv. 11, 13:

pellucet omnis regia (because the walls are fallen down),

Sen. Her. Fur. 1001.—

Trop., to shine through or forth, to appear; to be transparent, clear, intelligible:

illud ipsum quod honestum decorumque dicimus quasi perlucet ex eis, quas commemoravi, virtutibus,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 32:

pellucens oratio,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

mores dicentis ex oratione pelluceant,

Quint. 6, 2, 13:

perlucet omne regiae vitium domus,

is apparent, Sen. Agam. 148.

prae, adv., and prep. with abl. [for prai, kindred with Sanscr. prefix pra-, before; Gr. pro, prin, prosô; cf.: pro, prior, porro, primus].

Adv., before, in front.

Lit. (ante-class.):

abi prae, Sosia, Jam ego sequar,

go before, go in advance, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 45:

i prae, sequar,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 144; id. Eun. 5, 2, 69: i tu prae, virgo;

non queo, quod pone me est, servare,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 1:

age, age nunc tu, i prae,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 56.—

Trop., as a particle of comparison, with ut, quam, or quod (also written in one word, praeut and praequam; cf. Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 503), in comparison with, compared with (ante- and post-class. and colloq.):

parum etiam, praeut futurum est praedicas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 5:

immo noster nunc quidem est de verbis, prae ut dudum fuit,

id. Men. 5, 5, 33; 2, 3, 25:

nihil hercle quidem hoc, Prae ut alia dicam,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 20; id. Merc. 2, 4, 2:

ludum dices fuisse, praeut hujus rabies quae dabit,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 9:

satin' parva res est voluptatum in vitā atque in aetate agundā, praequam quod molestum'st?

in comparison with the trouble, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 2:

nihil hoc est, triginta minae, prae quam alios dapsilis sumptus facit,

id. Most. 4, 2, 62 Lorenz ad loc.:

jam minoris omnia facio prae quam quibus modis Me ludificatus est,

id. ib. 5, 2, 25:

sed hoc etiam pulcrum'st praequam sumptus ubi petunt,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 33; id. Merc. prol. 23:

quae etsi longioribus verbis comprehensa est praequam illud Graecum, etc.,

Gell. 16, 1, 3:

immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 38.—

Prep. with abl. (with acc.:

prae cornua, prae litteras,

Petr. 39, 12; 46, 1), before, in front of, in advance of.

Lit.:

cavendum erit, ut (villa) a tergo potius quam prae se flumen habeat,

before it, Col. 1, 5, 4: limina alia prae aliis erant, App. de Mundo, p. 69, 22.—Esp. freq.: prae se ferre, agere, mittere, to bear, carry, drive, or send before one's self:

ille qui stillantem prae se pugionem tulit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

argenti prae se in aerarium tulit quattuordecim milia pondo,

Liv. 28, 38, 5:

prae se ferens Darium puerum,

Suet. Calig. 19:

prae se armentum agens,

Liv. 1, 7, 4:

singulos prae se inermes mittere,

Sall. J. 94, 2: prae manu, and, less freq., prae manibus, at hand, on hand (ante- and postclass.):

patri reddidi omne aurum, quod fuit prae manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 9; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23:

cum prae manu debitor (pecuniam) non haberet,

Dig. 13, 7, 27:

si Caesaris liber prae manibus est, promi jubeas,

Gell. 19, 8, 6:

aes si forte prae manu non fuerit,

App. M. 6, p. 180, 30.—

Trop.

In gen.: prae se ferre, less freq., prae se gerere, declarare, etc., prop. to carry before one's self. as if to show it; hence, to show, exhibit, manifest, reveal, make known, betray, discover, indicate (freq. and class.), Cic. Agr. 2, 2, 4:

fortasse ceteri tectiores: ego semper me didicisse, prae me tuli,

id. Or. 42, 146:

nec vero cum venit, prae se fert, aut qui sit aut unde veniat,

id. Rep. 2, 3, 6:

scelus et facinus prae se ferens et confitens,

id. Mil. 16, 43:

ceteris prae se fert et ostentat,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

beata vita glorianda et praedicanda et prae se ferenda est: nihil est enim aliud quod praedicandum et prae se ferendum sit,

id. Tusc. 5, 17, 50: conjecturam prae se gerere. id. Inv. 2, 9, 30:

animum altum et erectum prae se gerebat, Auct. B. Afr. 10: prae se declarant gaudia vultu,

Cat. 64, 34:

prae se maximam speciem ostentare,

App. Flor. p. 342, 10.—

In partic., in comparisons, in comparison with, compared with (mostly in comparisons which imply a contrast of kind; while praeter refers to a contrast of degree only: dives prae ceteris, in contrast with the others, who are poor: dives praeter ceteros, richer than the other rich ones; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 894).

With positive adj. (class.; v. infra):

omnia prae meo commodo,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 9: omnium unguentum odor prae tuo nautea est, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 67:

Gallis prae magnitudine corporum suorum brevitas nostra contemptui est,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

prae divitiis,

Liv. 3, 26:

videbant omnes prae illo parvi futuros,

Nep. Eum. 10, 4; Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:

veros illos Atticos prae se paene agrestes putat,

id. Brut. 83, 286:

ab isto prae lucro praedāque nec vectigalium nec posteritatis habitam esse rationem,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

non tu quidem vacuus molestiis, sed prae nobis beatus,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 4:

(stultitia) prae ceteris parit immensas cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34.—

So with comp. for quam (ante- and post-class.):

atque me minoris facio prae illo,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 85:

id prae illo, quod honestum nobis est, fit plenius,

Gell. 1, 3, 25; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 1, 2; Hier. in Psa. 44, 3; Aug. c. Acad. 1, 22.—

In giving the cause, which, as it were, goes before, for, because of, by reason of, on account of (class. only of a hinderance; with an express or implied negation; or with vix, v. Zumpt, § 310): Ulixi cor frixit prae pavore, Liv. Andron. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92:

prae laetitiā lacrumae praesiliunt mihi,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 13:

prae lassitudine opus est ut lavem,

id. Truc. 2, 3, 7; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 71:

prae gaudio ubi sim nescio,

id. ib. 2, 3, 67:

vivere non quit Prae macie,

Lucr. 4, 1167:

nec loqui prae maerore potuit,

Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

quorum ille nomen prae metu ferre non poterat,

id. Phil. 13, 9, 20:

solem prae jaculorum multitudine non videbitis,

id. Tusc. 1, 42, 101:

prae irā,

Liv. 31, 24 fin.:

vix sibimet ipsi prae nec opinato gaudio credentes,

id. 39, 49.—In composition, prae usually denotes,

Before: praedico, praebibo, praecaveo, etc.; so too, praeceps, headforemost, headlong. —In time: praecanus, gray before one's time. —

Enhancing the main idea, qs. in advance of others: praealtus, extremely high: praeclarus, very celebrated; praevalidus, very strong, etc.

prae-tendo, di, tum ( part. praetensus, Anthol. Lat. 3, 168, 5), 3, v. a., to stretch forth or forward, to extend (syn. obtendo).

Lit.:

praetenta Tela,

stretched forth, presented, Ov. M. 8, 341: propagines e vitibus altius praetentos, shooting forth, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 13: ubi visum in culice natura praetendit? set out, stationed (i. e. extendit, et posuit in anteriore oris parte), Plin. 11, 1, 2, § 2.—

Transf.

To spread before or in front:

membrana, quae praecordia appellant, quia cordi praetenditur,

Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 197; 9, 6, 5, § 15.—

To spread, draw, hold, or place a thing before another:

segeti praetendere saepem,

Verg. G. 1, 270:

vestem tumidis praetendit ocellis,

holds before, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 79:

ramum praetendit olivae,

holds out, Verg. A. 8, 116:

fumosque manu praetende sequaces,

id. G. 4, 230:

decreto sermonem,

to prefix, Liv. 3, 47:

quicquid castrorum Armeniis praetenditur,

Tac. H. 2, 6:

ut adnexa classis et pugnae parata conversā et minaci fronte praetenderetur,

id. ib. 2, 14.—

Of places: praetendi, to stretch out before or in front of, to lie over against or opposite to ( poet. and post - Aug.;

once in Liv.): praetentaque Syrtibus arva,

Verg. A. 6, 60:

tenue litus praetentum,

Liv. 10, 2, 5:

Armeniae praetentus Iber,

Val. Fl. 5, 167:

gens nostris provinciis late praetenta,

Tac. A. 2, 56:

Baeticae latere septentrionali praetenditur Lusitania,

Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6: a tergo praetendantur Aethiopes, id. 5, 9, 9, § 48; 6, 27, 31, § 134:

Dardanis laevo Triballi praetenduntur,

id. 4, 1, 1, § 3:

extremis legio praetenta Britannis, i. e. opposita custodiae causa,

Claud. B. Get. 416.—

Trop.

To hold out or bring forward as an excuse, to allege, pretend, simulate (syn.:

causor, praetexo): hominis doctissimi nomen tuis immanibus et barbaris moribus (soles) praetendere,

to allege in excuse for, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

praetendens culpae splendida verba tuae,

Ov. R. Am. 240:

legem postulationi suae praetendere,

Liv. 3, 45, 1:

quid honestum dictu saltem seditioni praetenditur muliebri?

id. 34, 3, 8:

meminisse, quem titulum praetenderitis adversus Philippum,

id. 37, 54, 13:

decem legatorum decretum calumniae inpudentissimae,

id. 39, 28, 11: vultum, et tristitiam, et dissentientem a ceteris habitum pessimis moribus praetendebant, Quint. prooem. § 15; Plin. Ep. 4, 16, 3:

ignorantia praetendi non potest,

Quint. 7, 1, 35:

haec a se factitari praetendebat,

Tac. A. 6, 18:

praetendere fessam aetatem et actos labores,

id. ib. 3, 59; Flor. 3, 5, 3:

plebeiam facie tenus praetendens humanitatem,

App. M. 10, 23, p. 250, 9.—

To put forward, hold out, allege, assert a thing:

nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas,

I never pretended to be your husband, Verg. A. 4, 338:

debitum,

to demand a debt, sue for payment of a debt, Dig. 2, 14, 9.

prō̆prĭus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; perhaps from root prae; cf. prope], not common with others, one's own, special, particular, proper (class.; cf.: peculiaris, privatus).

In gen., opp. communis: nam virtutem propriam mortalibus fecit: cetera promiscue voluit communia habere, Varr. ap. Non. 361, 25:

proprium et peculiare,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 93:

tria praedia Capitoni propria traduntur,

to him for his own, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21:

proprio sumptu edere ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15:

propriā pecuniā militem juvare,

id. ib. 1, 71:

basilicam propriā pecuniā firmare,

id. ib. 3, 72 init.; id. H. 2, 84:

propria impensa,

Just. 12, 11, 1:

propriis viribus,

Liv. 2, 53:

familia,

id. 7, 9:

libri, Hor S. 1, 10, 64: horreum,

id. C. 1, 1, 9:

proprio Marte,

by his own bravery, Ov. P. 4, 7, 14.—With pron. poss. (class. and freq.):

ut cum ademerit nobis omnia, quae nostra erant propria, ne lucem quoque hanc, quae communis est, eripere cupiat,

all that belonged peculiarly to us, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:

suā quādam propriā, non communi oratorum facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 44: ut redeas ad consuetudinem vel nostram communem vel tuam solius et propriam, Luc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

omnia qui jubet esse communia, ne quis civis propriam aut suam rem ullam queat dicere,

Cic. Rep 4, 5, 5; id. ap. Non. p. 362:

suis propriis periculis parere commune reliquis otium,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

quod (periculum) autem meum erat proprium,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 7; id. Sest. 7, 15;

calamitatem aut propriam suam aut temporum queri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20.—

Opp. alienus, etc., one's own, peculiar, special, characteristic, personal:

tempus agendi fuit mihi magis proprium quam ceteris,

Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

reliquae partes quales propriae sunt hominis,

id. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

id non proprium senectutis est vitium, sed commune valetudinis,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

libertatem propriam Romani generis,

id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

proprium id Tiberio fuit,

Tac. A. 4, 19:

ira,

personal resentment, id. ib. 2, 55.—As subst.: prō̆prĭum, i, n.

Lit., a possession, property:

id est cujusque proprium, quo quisque fruitur atque utitur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 2:

vivere de proprio,

Mart. 12, 78, 2.—

Trop., a characteristic mark, a sign, characteristic, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; 2, 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 6, 23.—

In partic., peculiar, extraordinary: nisi mihi fortuna proprium consilium extorsisset, Sent. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 35, 1:

superbo decreto addidit propriam ignominiam,

Liv. 35, 33.—

Lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual (class.):

illum amatorem tibi proprium futurum in vitā,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 67; Att. ap. Non. 362, 5:

nihil in vitā proprium mortali datum esse,

Lucil. ib. 362, 15:

alicui proprium atque perpetuum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48:

perenne ac proprium manere,

id. Red. in Sen. 4, 9:

parva munera diutina, locupletia non propria esse consueverunt,

Nep. Thras. 4, 2; Hor. S. 2, 6, 5; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

deferens uni propriam laurum,

id. C. 2, 2, 22; Verg. A. 6, 871:

victoriam propriam se eis daturam,

lasting, Hirt. B. Afr. 32.— Comp., Ov. M. 12, 284; id. P. 1, 2, 152; Liv. 4, 27, 3. —Hence, adv.: proprĭē.

Specially, peculiarly, properly, strictly for one's self (opp. communiter;

class.): quod me amas, est tibi commune cum multis: quod tu ipse tam amandus es, id est proprie tuum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 1:

promiscue toto (Campo Martio), quam proprie parvā parte frui malletis,

for yourselves, individually, separately, id. Agr. 2, 31, 85.—

In partic.

Particularly, in particular:

neque publice neque proprie,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Especially, eminently, exclusively:

mira sermonis, cujus proprie studiosus fuit, elegantia,

Quint. 10, 1, 114; cf. Vell. 2, 9, 2.—

Properly, accurately, strictly speaking, in the proper (not tropical) sense:

magis proprie nihil possum dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

illud quidem honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur,

id. Off. 3, 3, 13; Liv. 34, 32; 44, 22:

uti verbo proprie,

Gell. 9, 1, 8; 2, 6, 5; 7, 11, 2; 16, 5, 1.

prō̆prĭus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; perhaps from root prae; cf. prope], not common with others, one's own, special, particular, proper (class.; cf.: peculiaris, privatus).

In gen., opp. communis: nam virtutem propriam mortalibus fecit: cetera promiscue voluit communia habere, Varr. ap. Non. 361, 25:

proprium et peculiare,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 93:

tria praedia Capitoni propria traduntur,

to him for his own, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21:

proprio sumptu edere ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15:

propriā pecuniā militem juvare,

id. ib. 1, 71:

basilicam propriā pecuniā firmare,

id. ib. 3, 72 init.; id. H. 2, 84:

propria impensa,

Just. 12, 11, 1:

propriis viribus,

Liv. 2, 53:

familia,

id. 7, 9:

libri, Hor S. 1, 10, 64: horreum,

id. C. 1, 1, 9:

proprio Marte,

by his own bravery, Ov. P. 4, 7, 14.—With pron. poss. (class. and freq.):

ut cum ademerit nobis omnia, quae nostra erant propria, ne lucem quoque hanc, quae communis est, eripere cupiat,

all that belonged peculiarly to us, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:

suā quādam propriā, non communi oratorum facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 44: ut redeas ad consuetudinem vel nostram communem vel tuam solius et propriam, Luc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

omnia qui jubet esse communia, ne quis civis propriam aut suam rem ullam queat dicere,

Cic. Rep 4, 5, 5; id. ap. Non. p. 362:

suis propriis periculis parere commune reliquis otium,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

quod (periculum) autem meum erat proprium,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 7; id. Sest. 7, 15;

calamitatem aut propriam suam aut temporum queri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20.—

Opp. alienus, etc., one's own, peculiar, special, characteristic, personal:

tempus agendi fuit mihi magis proprium quam ceteris,

Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

reliquae partes quales propriae sunt hominis,

id. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

id non proprium senectutis est vitium, sed commune valetudinis,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

libertatem propriam Romani generis,

id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

proprium id Tiberio fuit,

Tac. A. 4, 19:

ira,

personal resentment, id. ib. 2, 55.—As subst.: prō̆prĭum, i, n.

Lit., a possession, property:

id est cujusque proprium, quo quisque fruitur atque utitur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 2:

vivere de proprio,

Mart. 12, 78, 2.—

Trop., a characteristic mark, a sign, characteristic, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; 2, 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 6, 23.—

In partic., peculiar, extraordinary: nisi mihi fortuna proprium consilium extorsisset, Sent. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 35, 1:

superbo decreto addidit propriam ignominiam,

Liv. 35, 33.—

Lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual (class.):

illum amatorem tibi proprium futurum in vitā,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 67; Att. ap. Non. 362, 5:

nihil in vitā proprium mortali datum esse,

Lucil. ib. 362, 15:

alicui proprium atque perpetuum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48:

perenne ac proprium manere,

id. Red. in Sen. 4, 9:

parva munera diutina, locupletia non propria esse consueverunt,

Nep. Thras. 4, 2; Hor. S. 2, 6, 5; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

deferens uni propriam laurum,

id. C. 2, 2, 22; Verg. A. 6, 871:

victoriam propriam se eis daturam,

lasting, Hirt. B. Afr. 32.— Comp., Ov. M. 12, 284; id. P. 1, 2, 152; Liv. 4, 27, 3. —Hence, adv.: proprĭē.

Specially, peculiarly, properly, strictly for one's self (opp. communiter;

class.): quod me amas, est tibi commune cum multis: quod tu ipse tam amandus es, id est proprie tuum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 1:

promiscue toto (Campo Martio), quam proprie parvā parte frui malletis,

for yourselves, individually, separately, id. Agr. 2, 31, 85.—

In partic.

Particularly, in particular:

neque publice neque proprie,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Especially, eminently, exclusively:

mira sermonis, cujus proprie studiosus fuit, elegantia,

Quint. 10, 1, 114; cf. Vell. 2, 9, 2.—

Properly, accurately, strictly speaking, in the proper (not tropical) sense:

magis proprie nihil possum dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

illud quidem honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur,

id. Off. 3, 3, 13; Liv. 34, 32; 44, 22:

uti verbo proprie,

Gell. 9, 1, 8; 2, 6, 5; 7, 11, 2; 16, 5, 1.

pulchrĭtūdo ( pulcr-), ĭnis, f. [id.], beauty.

Lit.:

ut corporis est quaedam apta figura membrorum cum coloris quādam suavitate eaque dicitur pulchritudo,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 31:

simulacri,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

corporis,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

pulchritudinis duo genera sunt, quorum in altero venustas est, in altero dignitas, venustatem muliebrem dicere debemus, dignitatem virilem,

id. ib. 1, 36, 130:

pulchritudinis habere verissimum judicium,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

equi,

Gell. 3, 9, 8:

urbis,

Flor. 2, 6, 34:

flammae,

Suet. Ner. 38:

operis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 46, 3.—

Trop., beauty, excellence:

oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 71:

verborum,

Quint. 3, 7, 12:

orationis,

Petr. 2:

honestum suā pulchritudine specieque laudabile,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 38:

splendor pulchritudoque virtutis?

id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.:

ut Isocratis memorat pulchritudo,

i. e. the charming writer, Amm. 30, 8, 6.—

Transf., a beauty, i. e. a beautiful thing; in plur.:

pulchritudines,

i. e. beautiful jewels, Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129.

pulchrĭtūdo ( pulcr-), ĭnis, f. [id.], beauty.

Lit.:

ut corporis est quaedam apta figura membrorum cum coloris quādam suavitate eaque dicitur pulchritudo,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 31:

simulacri,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

corporis,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

pulchritudinis duo genera sunt, quorum in altero venustas est, in altero dignitas, venustatem muliebrem dicere debemus, dignitatem virilem,

id. ib. 1, 36, 130:

pulchritudinis habere verissimum judicium,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

equi,

Gell. 3, 9, 8:

urbis,

Flor. 2, 6, 34:

flammae,

Suet. Ner. 38:

operis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 46, 3.—

Trop., beauty, excellence:

oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 71:

verborum,

Quint. 3, 7, 12:

orationis,

Petr. 2:

honestum suā pulchritudine specieque laudabile,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 38:

splendor pulchritudoque virtutis?

id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.:

ut Isocratis memorat pulchritudo,

i. e. the charming writer, Amm. 30, 8, 6.—

Transf., a beauty, i. e. a beautiful thing; in plur.:

pulchritudines,

i. e. beautiful jewels, Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

and in the middle of the verse,

id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).

In gen.:

unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

rerum natura creatrix,

id. 2, 1117:

divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

haeret haec res,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

id. ib. prol. 110:

in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

si res postulabit,

the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—

With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

res mala,

a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

res secundae,

good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

res prosperae,

Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

in secundissimis rebus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

adversae res,

id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

res belli adversae,

Liv. 10, 6:

res dubiae,

Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

malam rem hinc ibis?

id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—

With an adj. in a periphrasis:

abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

rei rusticae libro primo,

Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

navalis rei certamina,

naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

res militaris,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

rei militaris gloria,

id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

res frumentaria,

forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

armatae rei scientissimus,

Amm. 25, 4, 7:

peritus aquariae rei,

id. 28, 2, 2:

res judicaria,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

res ludicra,

play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

uti rebus veneriis,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

res Veneris,

Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —

With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

Ea res est,

it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

magna res principio statim bello,

a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

maxime rerum,

Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

maxima rerum Roma,

Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

fortissima rerum animalia,

id. ib. 12, 502:

pulcherrime rerum,

id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

dulcissime rerum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—

In adverb. phrases:

e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

pro re natā,

according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

pro tempore et pro re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

factis benignus pro re,

according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

pro re pauca loquar,

Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

ex re et ex tempore,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

e re respondi,

Cat. 10, 8.

In partic.

Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

rem fabulari,

Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

nihil est aliud in re,

in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

se ipsa res aperit,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

ex re decerpere fructus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

re quidem verā,

id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

re autem verā,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

and simply re verā,

id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

re verāque,

Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

et re verā,

indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—

Effects, substance, property, possessions:

mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

rem talentum decem,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

avidior ad rem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

rem facere,

to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

privatae res,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—

Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

res corporales,

Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

res sanctae,

Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—

Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

haec tuā re feceris,

to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

si in rem tuam esse videatur,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

vide si hoc in rem deputas,

id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

si in remst utrique,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1:

omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

Curt. 6, 2, 21:

ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

Liv. 30, 4, 6:

imperat quae in rem sunt,

id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

haud id est ab re aucupis,

id. As. 1, 3, 71:

haec haud ab re duxi referre,

Liv. 8, 11, 1:

non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—

Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

quoi rei?

for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—

An affair, matter of business, business:

cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

rem cum aliquo transigere,

id. Clu. 13, 39. —

Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

quoniam cum senatore res est,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —

A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

ubi res prolatae sunt,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

res agi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

Liv. 1, 32:

de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

si res certabitur olim,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

Dig. 3, 3, 12:

rem differre,

ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—

An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

res gesta virtute,

Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

his rebus gestis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

res gerere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

rem bene gerere,

id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

comminus rem gerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

res gestae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

adversus duos simul rem gerere,

Liv. 21, 60:

rem male gerere,

Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

rem agere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

ante rem,

before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

res in unam sententiam scripta,

Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

cui lecta potenter erit res,

Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

in medias res auditorem rapere,

id. A. P. 148; 310:

agitur res in scaenis,

id. ib. 179; cf.:

numeros animosque secutus, non res,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—

Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

merere de republicā,

Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

oppugnare rem publicam,

id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

paene victā re publicā,

id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

delere rem publicam,

id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—

Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

id. 6, 41 fin.:

Romana,

Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

Albana,

id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

res Asiae evertere,

Verg. A. 3, 1:

custode rerum Caesare,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

res sine discordiā translatae,

Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —

Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.