fruit+tree

-ου ⁺ τό N 2 81-90-72-44-22=309 Gn 1,11.12.29; 2,9(bis)

wood, firewood Gn 22,3; timber Gn 6,14; wooden image, idol Dt 4,28; handle Dt 19,5(tertio); shaft (of a spear) 2 Sm 21,19; wooden collar, yoke Lam 5,13; stocks (as instrument of punishment) Jb 33,11; tree Gn 2,9; τὰ ξύλα wooden objects, esp. vessels Ex 7,19

ξύλον κάρπιμον fruit tree Gn 1,11; ξύλον καρποφόρον id. Ps 148,9; ξύλον βρώσιμον id. Lv 19,23; ξύλον κέδρινον cedar wood Lv 14,4; ξύλον ἀρκεύθινον juniper wood

צעצעים images?; *Prv 12,4 ἐν ξύλῳ in wood-⋄עץ? for MT עצם bone

Cf. DANIÉLOU 1966, 53-75; DOGNIEZ 1992, 248; GARBINI 1982 170-172(Ez 41,25); HARL 1986a 91.131;

1986c=1992a 67; HUSSON 1983a, 180-182; LARCHER 1985, 825; PARADISE 1986, 193-195; THORNTON

1972, 130-131; WEVERS 1990, 588; →MM; NIDNTT; TWNT

-ος,-ον A 2-0-0-0-0=2 Gn 1,11.12

fruit-bearing; ξύλον κάρπιμον fruit tree

ἁμάσυκον

fruit-tree flowering at the same time as the fig: neut nom /voc /acc sg

ἁμάσυκον

fruit-tree flowering at the same time as the fig: neut nom /voc /acc sg

-ος,-ον ⁺ A 1-0-1-1-0=3 Lv 19,23; Neh 9,25; Ez 47,12

eatable; ξύλον βρώσιμον fruit tree

-οῦ ⁺ ὁ N 2 1283-2277-435-698-497=5190 Gn 4,17.25.26; 5,4.7

male child, son Gn 4,17; id. (of anim.) Sir 38,25; descendant Nm 16,7; accepted or adopted son Ex 2,10; son, pupil, follower (of a spiritual father) Prv 3,11; member (of a community) Gn 6,4; years old [+numeral

[*]⁺ἐτῶν] (semit., rendering Hebr. נהשׁ

[*]⁺ numeral

[*]⁺ בן) Gn 11,10; υἱέ son (an author’s address to the reader) Prv 7,24

υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων sons of men, men (also sg.) Wis 9,6; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίξεων sons of pledges, hostages 2 Chr 25,24, see σύμμιξις

*Gn 36,2 υἱός son-בן (Sam. Pent.) for MT בת daughter, see also 36,14.39; *Gn 37,4 τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ (more than) his sons-בניו (Sam. Pent.) for MT אחיו (more than) his brothers; *Gn 49,22 υἱός μου νεώτατος my youngest son-צעירי בני (Sam. Pent.) for MT צעדה בנות daughters or branches of a fruit tree?;

*2 Sm 23,27 ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν from the sons (of)-בני/מ for MT מבני Mebunnai; *Jer 26(46),25 τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς her son-נה/מ? from her or-בנה? her son for MT נא/מ of No, of Thebes; *Ez 27,4 υἱοί σου your sons ָבנַיְִך בן for MT בֹנַיְִך בנה your build-ers; *Ez 27,32 οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν their sons בניהם בן for MT ניהם/ב ני? in their wailing; *Prv 11,19 υἱός son-בן for MT כן yes, so; *Prv 23,24 υἱῷ in a son-ילד for MT יולד he who begets, father; *Neh 3,2 υἱῶν of the sons בני בן for MT בנו בנה they built

Cf. CAIRD 1969=1972 149 (2 Kgs 14,14); DOGNIEZ 1992 203 (Dt 14,1); DORIVAL 1994 53-54.62;

GEHMAN 1951= 1972 100; LARCHER 1983 252-254; 1984 363-364; 1985 731; WEVERS 1995 513 (Dt

32,8). 534 (Dt 32,43); ZIPOR 1993 357.361-362; →LSJ RSuppl; NIDNTT; NIDOTT (sub בן - בת); TWNT

ἁμάσῡκον, τό, with or without μῆλον,

A fruit-tree flowering at the same time as the fig, Paus.Gr.Fr.42.

καρπός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+) ‘fruit’ (the sing. used collectively: Diod S 3, 24, 1).

① product or outcome of someth., fruit

ⓐ in a physical sense

α. of plants: trees Mt 12:33; 21:19; Mk 11:14; Lk 6:44; 13:6f; IEph 14:2; Hs 1, 2, 1; 9, 1, 10; 9, 28, 1 and 3 (Did., Gen. 86, 3). Of the fruit of the vine (Jos., Ant. 2, 67; Ath 22:6) Mt 21:34; Mk 12:2; Lk 20:10; 1 Cor 9:7; 1 Cl 23:4; of a berry-bush B 7:8. Of field crops (Diod S 4, 4, 2; Ps.-Phoc. 38; SibOr 4, 16; Hippol., Ref. 7, 29, 5) 2 Ti 2:6; 1 Cl 24:4; qualified by τῆς γῆς Js 5:7a; cp. vs. 7b v.l.; 1 Cl 14:1 (Gen 4:3); GJs 3:3. συνάγειν τοὺς κ. (Lev 25:3) Lk 12:17; cp. J 4:36; ὅταν παραδοῖ ὁ κ. when the (condition of the) crop permits Mk 4:29 (‘fruit’=grain as Ps.-Scylax, Peripl. §93 p. 36 Fabr. [πυροὺς κ. κριθάς]). βλαστάνειν τὸν κ. produce crops Js 5:18 (βλαστάνω 1). ποιεῖν κ. (=עָשָׂה פְרִי) bear or yield fruit (Gen 1:11f; 4 Km 19:30; Ezk 17:23; ParJer 9:16, 19.—Diosc., Mat. Med. 2, 195) Mt 3:10 (s. δένδρον); 7:17ff; 13:26; Lk 3:9; 6:43; 8:8; 13:9; Rv 22:2a. Also διδόναι (=נָתַן פְּרִי; Lev 26:20; Dt 11:17; Ps 1:3; Zech 8:12) Mt 13:8; Mk 4:7f; B 11:6 (Ps 1:3); Hs 2:4; 5, 2, 4. φέρειν (Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1396–99b; Jo 2:22; Hos 9:16; Jos., Ant. 3, 11; SibOr 2, 320; Did., Gen. 31, 3) Mt 7:18a v.l.; J 12:24 (of the resurrection: ἐκφέρει 1 Cl 24:5); 15:2, 4; Hs 2:3, 8a. ἡ γῆ προφέρει τοὺς κ. αὐτῆς GJs 8:3. ἀποδιδόναι bear fruit (Lev 26:4) Rv 22:2b; Hs 2:8b; cp. Hb 12:11, but pay a person a portion of the fruit Mt 21:41. γεννᾶν κ. θανατηφόρον bear deadly fruit ITr 11:1 (in imagery, s. b below). κ. ἔχειν of trees Hs 9, 28, 3; of staffs 8, 1, 18; 8, 2, 1; 8, 3, 7; 8, 4, 6; 8, 5, 6; of Aaron’s staff (Num 17:23ff) 1 Cl 43:5.

β. of a human being: Hebraistically of offspring ὁ κ. τῆς κοιλίας the fruit of the womb (Gen 30:2; Ps 131:11; Mi 6:7; La 2:20; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 14 [Stone p. 14]; Mel., P. 52, 384 [since the central mng. of κοιλία is someth. ‘hollow’, in the Ps and Mi pass. κοιλία is used in the general sense of ‘body’ as the cavity from which someth. emanates]) Lk 1:42. τοῦ μὴ δοῦναί σοι καρπόν= to grant you no children GJs 2:3; cp. 6:3 (s. b below). Fr. the standpoint of a father: ὁ κ. τῆς ὀσφύος the fruit of his loins Ac 2:30; AcPl Ha 8, 14 (ἰσχύος Ox 1602, 12f/BMM recto 17).

ⓑ fig., in the spiritual (opp. physical) realm; sometimes the orig. figure is quite prominent; somet. it is more or less weakened: result, outcome, product (cp. Epict. 2, 1, 21 τῶν δογμάτων καρπός; IPriene 112, 14 [I B.C.] μόνη μεγίστους ἀποδίδωσιν καρπούς; Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 34 τῆς ἔχθρας καρπός) κ. τοῦ πνεύματος Gal 5:22 (a list of virtues following a list of vices as Cebes 19, 5; 20, 3; Ael. Aristid. 37, 27 K.=2 p. 27 D.). τοῦ φωτός Eph 5:9; κ. πολὺν φέρειν be very fruitful J 15:5, 8, 16. κ. δικαιοσύνης fruit of righteousness (cp. Epicurus, Fgm. 519 δικαιοσύνης καρπὸς μέγιστος ἀταραξία; Am 6:12; Pr 11:30; 13:2; EpArist 232) Phil 1:11; Js 3:18; Hs 9, 19, 2a; cp. ἔδωκέν μοι κύριος … καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ GJs 6:3 (of the birth of Mary; s. β above); κ. εἰρηνικὸς δικαιοσύνης peaceful fruit of righteousness Hb 12:11. κ. ἀληθείας Hs 9, 19, 2b. The outcome of acting is a deed: ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν τινος ἐπιγινώσκειν τινά know someone by the person’s deeds, as one knows a tree by its fruits Mt 7:16, 20; Hs 4:5 (Proverbia Aesopi 51 P.: Δῆλος ἔλεγχος ὁ καρπὸς γενήσεται | παντὸς δένδρου ἣν ἔχει φύσιν=its fruit will be for every tree a clear proof of its nature). γεννᾶν καρπὸν θανατηφόρον bear deadly fruit ITr 11:1 (s. 1aα); moral performance as fruit vs. 2 (accord. to the imagery, Christians are branches of the cross as their trunk and their deeds are the produce). Fruit of martyrdom Hs 9, 28, 4. ποιεῖν τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς (=τῆς βασιλείας τ. θεοῦ) prove fruitful for the kingdom ποιεῖν καρπὸν ἄξιον τῆς μετανοίας Mt 21:43. bear fruit consistent with repentance 3:8; the pl. in the parallel Lk 3:8 is farther removed fr. the orig. picture: καρποί = ἔργα (cp. Pr 10:16). καρποὶ ἀγαθοί Js 3:17. Cp. Dg 12:1. τίνα καρπὸν ἄξιον … (δώσομεν); what fruit (are we to bring to Christ that would be) worthy of what he has given us? 2 Cl 1:3. Of the outcome of life in sin as well as in righteousness Ro 6:21f (of the results of evil e.g., Oenomaus Fgm. 2m [in Eus., PE 5, 20, 10]); ταχὺς κ. (s. ταχ. 1a) 2 Cl 20:3. After an upright life καρπὸν προσδοκῶν Dg 12:6; cp. 12:8; resurrection as the reward after a miserable life ἔδονται τῆς ἑαυτῶν ὁδοῦ τοὺς κ. 2 Cl 19:3.—ἀφʼ οὗ καρποῦ ἡμεῖς (the suffering of Jesus,) the fruit from which we are, i.e. from which we derive our identity as Christians (the cross is here viewed as a tree on which Jesus hangs as the fruit: Ignatius probably thinks of Christians as germinated seeds) ISm 1:2.—Of the proceeds of a collection Ro 15:28.

ⓒ Hebraistically, a praise-offering as καρπὸς χειλέων (Hos 14:3; Pr 18:20; 31:31 v.l.; PsSol 15:3) Hb 13:15.

② advantage, gain, profit (Polyaenus 3, 9, 1 κ. τῆς ἀνδραγαθίας; EpArist 260 σοφίας κ.; Philo, Fug. 176 ἐπιστήμης; Jos., Ant. 20, 48 εὐσεβείας) κ. ἔργου gain from the labor Phil 1:22. οὐ δόμα, ἀλλὰ τὸν καρπόν not the gift, but the advantage (accruing to the Philippians fr. their generous giving) 4:17; κ. ἔχειν have fruit Ro 1:13.—B. 511. DELG 1 καρπός. EDNT. TW.

-οῦ ⁺ ὁ N 2 1-11-10-2-3=27 Lv 26,1; 1 Sm 14,16; 2 Sm 13,34(bis); 18,24

lookout, watcher, watchman, sentry 1 Sm 14,16; target, mark Wis 5,12; object on which one fixes the eye

Lv 26,1

*Hos 9,10 ὡς σκοπὸν ἐν συκῇ like the eye’s target in a fig tree, like the focal point in a fig tree interpreting MT בתאנה כבכורה like the first fruit on the fig tree (first fruits are the first thing the eye focuses on), or ὡς σκοπὸν ἐν συκῇ like a watchman in a fig tree interpreting MT בתאנה כבכורה like the first fruit on the fig tree along the lines of Na 3,12(10), cpr. Jer^{M T} 1,11 ֵקדשָׁ לקַּמֵ a rod of an almond tree (a blossoming almond tree (ֵקדשָׁ) is like a watchful pers. (ֵֹקדשׁ קדשׁ) announcing spring)

Cf. HARL 1961=1992a 215-233; HARLÉ 1988 204 (Lv 26,1); →TWNT

ξύλον, ου, τό (Hom.+).

① wood as a plant substance in unmanufactured form, wood (the wood for the offering of Isaac linked typologically with the cross of Christ: Iren. 4, 5, 4 [Harv. II 157, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 70, 12) Dg 2:2; Ox 1 recto, 8 (ASyn. 171, 5; cp. GTh 77; s. λίθος 1). πᾶν ξ. θύϊνον every kind of citron wood Rv 18:12a. ξ. τιμιώτατον very precious wood vs. 12b. Pl. wood as building material (Diod S 5, 21, 5 κάλαμοι and ξύλα; PFlor 16, 23; Just., D. 86, 6 εἰς οἰκοδομήν; Tat. 37, 1) 1 Cor 3:12; for making cult images ξύλα κ. λίθους (Sextus 568; Tat.4, 2) together w. other materials 2 Cl 1:6; PtK 2 p. 14, 13 (Ath. 15, 1). As fuel (POxy 1144, 15 ξύλα εἰς θυσίαν; Gen 22:3, 6; Lev 1:7) MPol 13:1; Hs 4:4.

② object made of wood (of polytheists’ reverence for cult images: σέβονται λίθους καὶ ξύλα Theoph. Ant. 1, 10 [p. 80, 5])

ⓐ of a piece of wood designed for a specific purpose

α. a relatively long piece that can be set in the ground, pole (Diod S 5, 18, 4; Maximus Tyr. 2, 8b), as of the one on which Moses raised the brass serpent (Num 21:8f) B 12:7.

β. club, cudgel (Hdt. 2, 63; 4, 180; Polyb. 6, 37, 3; Herodian 7, 7, 4; PHal 1, 187; PTebt 304, 10; Jos., Bell. 2, 176, Vi. 233) pl. (w. μάχαιραι) Mt 26:47, 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52.

ⓑ a device for confining the extremeties of a prisoner, stocks (Hdt. 6, 75; 9, 37; Lysias 10, 16; Aristoph., Eq. 367; 394; 705; also Chariton 4, 2, 6; OGI 483, 181 [s. the note]; Job 33:11) τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ξύλον he fastened their feet in the stocks Ac 16:24.

ⓒ a wooden structure used for crucifixion, cross (Alexis Com. [IV B.C.] 220, 10 ἀναπήγνυμι ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου; Philo, Somn. 2, 213; Just., A II, 3, 1 ξύλῳ ἐμπαγῆναι, D. 138, 2 διʼ ὕδατος καὶ πίστεως καὶ ξύλου; Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 140, 10]; διὰ ξύλου θάνατος καὶ διὰ ξ. ζωή, θ. μὲν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδάμ, ζ. δὲ κατὰ τὸν χριστόν Orig., C. Cels. 6, 36, 28.—Outside the NT also ‘gallows’: the scholiast on Aristoph., Ran. 736 cites a proverb ἀπὸ καλοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι=if you must hang yourself choose a decent tree; Esth 5:14; 6:4, reproduced Jos., Ant. 11, 246: a ξ. sixty cubits high is to be cut down. Most often OT refers to hanging or impalement of a criminal’s corpse on a post ἐπὶ (τοῦ) ξύλου Gen 40:19; Dt 21:22f; Josh 10:26).—ἡ βασιλεία Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ξύλῳ the reign of Jesus is based on the wood (of the cross) B 8:5, cp. vs. 1; 12:1 (fr. an apocr. prophetic writing, perh. 4 Esdr 5:5. S. UHolzmeister, Verb Dom 21, ’41, 69–73). κρεμάσαι ἐπὶ ξύλου hang on the cross Ac 5:30; 10:39. ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23; cp, Mel., P. 70, 507; 104, 805 ἐπὶ ξύλου κρεμασθείς). καθελεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξ. take down fr. the cross (cp. Josh 10:27) Ac 13:29. πάσχειν ἐπὶ ξύλου B 5:13. τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ τὸ ξ. bear the sins on (or to) the cross, to destroy them on the cross 1 Pt 2:24=Pol 8:1.—WSvLeeuwen, NThSt 24, ’41, 68–81.

③ tree (this usage is perceptible in Eur., Hdt.; Ctesias [IV B.C.]: 688 Fgm. 45n p. 500 Jac., in Apollon. Paradox. 17 παρʼ Ἰνδοῖς ξύλον γίνεσθαι; Theophr., HP 5, 4, 7; Fgm. Iamb. Adesp. 17 Diehl; Plut., Lycurgus 47 [13, 7]; Harpocration s.v. ὀξυθυμία; PTebt 5, 205 [118 B.C.]; PFlor 152, 4; Gen 1:29; 2:9; 3:1ff; Is 14:8; Eccl 2:5; PsSol 11:5; GrBar 4:8, 16; ApcSed 8:3; Tat. 919, 3 ξύλῳ μαντικῷ) Dg 12:8. ὑγρόν, ξηρὸν ξ. a green, a dry tree Lk 23:31 (s. ξηρός 1 and cp. Polyaenus 3, 9, 7 ξύλα ξηρά [opp. χλωρά].—AHiggins, ET 57, ’45/46, 292–94). πάγκαρπον ξ. a tree bearing all kinds of fruit Dg 12:1. ξ. ἄκαρπον a tree without (edible) fruit (of the elm) Hs 2:3. ξύλῳ ἑαυτὸν συμβάλλειν compare oneself to a tree 1 Cl 23:4a; 2 Cl 11:3 (both script. quots. of unknown orig.). τὰ φύλλα τοῦ ξ. Rv 22:2b; καρπὸς τοῦ ξ. 1 Cl 23:4b. Of trees by watercourses B 11:6 (Ps 1:3). ξ. γνώσεως Dg 12:2a (cp. Gen 2:9, 17; ApcMos 7 al.; Did., Gen. 94, 16); ξ. (τῆς) ζωῆς (Gen 2:9; TestLevi 18:11; ApcEsdr 2:11 p. 26, 5 Tdf.; ApcSed 4:5; ApcMos 19, 22, 28; Did., Gen. 110, 26; τὰ δὲ δύο ξ. τὸ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τὸ τῆς γνώσεως Theoph. Ant. 2, 24 [p. 156, 19]) Rv 2:7; 22:2a (RSchran, BZ 24, ’38/39, 191–98), 14, 19; Dg 12:2b (cp. vs. 3 and PsSol 14:3 ξύλα τῆς ζωῆς; s. ζωή 2bβ; LvSybel, Ξύλον ζωῆς: ZNW 19, 1920, 85–91; UHolmberg, D. Baum d. Lebens 1923; HBergema, De Boom des Levens in Scrift en Historie, diss. Hilversum ’38; CHemer, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting ’89 [’86] 41–47; RAC II 1–34; VIII 112–41).—B. 50; 1385. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

κερατίᾱ, κερατέα

fem nom /voc /acc dual

κερατίᾱ, κερατέα

fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίᾱ, κερατία

fruit of the carob-tree: fem nom /voc /acc dual

κερατίᾱ, κερατία

fruit of the carob-tree: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίᾱ, κερατίας

comet: masc nom /voc /acc dual

κερατίας

comet: masc voc sg

κερατίᾱ, κερατίας

comet: masc voc sg (attic)

κερατίᾱ, κερατίας

comet: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

κερατίας

comet: masc nom sg (epic)

κερατίαι, κερατέα

fem nom /voc pl

κερατίᾱͅ, κερατέα

fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίᾱͅ, κερατία

fruit of the carob-tree: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίαι, κερατίας

comet: masc nom /voc pl

κερατίᾱͅ, κερατίας

comet: masc dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

δένδρον, ου, τό (Hdt.+ [in Hom. δένδρεον]) a relatively large woody plant, tree Mt 21:8; Lk 21:29; Rv 7:1, 3; 8:7; 9:4. Freq. of fruit-bearing varieties, and in contexts pointing to fig. use: Mt 3:10; Lk 3:9 (ELohmeyer, V. Baum u. Frucht: ZST 9, ’32, 377–79); the sound tree and the rotten tree, of good and bad people (Paroem. Gr.: Diogenian. 5, 15 ἐκ τ. καρποῦ τὸ δένδρον) Mt 7:17ff; 12:33 (s. IEph 14:2); Lk 6:43f. Lacking fruit δ. φθινοπωρινὰ ἄκαρπα Jd 12. In a good sense δ. ὡραῖον B 11:10; (εἰς) δ. γίνεσθαι become a tree Lk 13:19; Mt 13:32. ὡς δένδρα ὁρῶ like trees Mk 8:24 (cp. SIG 1168, 121).—Used by Hermas in various figures Hs 2:2; 3:1, 3; 4:1–4; 8, 1, 3f; 8, 2, 7 and 9; 8, 3, 1f; 8, 6, 1; 9, 1, 9f; 9, 27, 1; 9, 28, 1 and 3.—B. 49. DELG s.v. δένδρεον. M-M.

-οῦ

fruit Lv 25,3; offspring, fruit (of the womb) Gn 30,2; fruit, profit (of actions) Ps 103(104),13

οἱ καρποί fruits of the earth, corn Gn 4,3; products, deeds Prv 10,16; καρποὶ στόματος words Prv 12,14; καρποὶ χειλέων id. Prv 18,20; οἱ καρποὶ τῆς συνέσεως the fruits of understanding, knowledge Sir 37,22; καρποὶ χειρῶν manual labour Prv 31,16; καρπὸς ξυλινός tree fruits 1 Mc 10,30; ἐποίησαν καρπόν they bore fruit, they became fruitful Jer 12,2

*Hos 10,12 εἰς καρπὸν ζωῆς for the fruit of life-חלד לפרי for MT לפי־חסד according to steadfast love, cpr. Jb 11,17; *Hos 14,3 καρπὸν χειλέων ἡμῶν the fruit of our lips-פתינושׂ פרי for MT פתינושׂ פרים (let us offer) bulls our lips, i. e. our prayers, cpr. Jer 27(50),27; *Jb 22,21 ὁ καρπός σου (ἔσται ἐν ἀγαθοῖς) your fruit or your yield (will be good), (it will

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 164(Dt 7,13); PARADISE 1986, 195-196; WALTERS 1973 311(Gn 30,2); →TWNT

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `fig', also metaph. `wart, swelling, pudenda muliebria' (η 121).

Other forms: Boeot. (Stratt.) τῦκον.

Dialectal forms: Myc. su-za? f. συκία `fig tree'

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. συκό-μορον n. `fruit of the mulberry-(fig)tree' (Str., Dsc. a.o.), - ος f. `mulberry-(fig)tree, sycamore' (Cels.), - έα f. `id.' (Ev. Luc. a.o.); cf. συκάμινον and μόρον.

Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. Dimin. συκ-ίδιον, - άριον n. (com.). 2. - ίς, - άς f. `cutting from a fig-tree' (Ar., Poll.). 3. - έα, Dor. Aeol. also - ία, IA. - έη, -ῆ, `fig-tree' (Od.). 4. - ίον n. `fig-drink' (Hp.). 5. -( ε)ών, -( ε)ῶνος m. `fig-plantation' (LXX, pap.). 6. - ίτης m. ( οἶνος) `of a fig-tree, fig-wine' (Dsc.), Spartan surn. of Dionysos (Sosib.); Redard 100 a. 212; - ῖτις f. name of a precious stone, after the colour (Plin.). 7. - αλ(λ)ίς, - ίδος f. `fig-throstle', Lat. fīcēdula (Epich., Arist. etc.; Niedermann Glotta 19, 9f.). B. Adj. 1. - ινος `of a fig-tree', metaph. `useless' (IA.). 2. - ώδης `fig-like, full of warts' (Arist., medic.). 3. - άσιος surn. of Zeus = καθάρσιος, as figs were used for purification (Eust., H.). C. Verbs. 1. - άζω, also w. ἀπο-, `to gather figs' (Att.), also `to investigate (f.), συκοφαντέω' (Aristaenet., H.) with - αστής, - άστρια = συκο-φάντης, - φάντρια (EM, H.). 2. - ίζομαι `to be foddered with figs' (AP). 3. - όομαι `id.' (AP), from where - ωτός `foddered with figs' (Aët.), ἧπαρ σῦκον `liver fatted with figs', Lat. fĩcātum (Gal., Orib.), - ωσις f., - ωμα n. `formation of warts', - ωτικός `related to warts' (medic.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Like Lat. fīcus and Arm. t`uz `fig' LW [loanword] from unknown, Mediterranean or Anatolian source. Lit. in W.-Hofmann s.v. The variation must be explained from a form *t^yuk-, with a palatalized \/t\/..

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διόσπυρον

fruit of nettle-tree: neut gen sg

διόσπυρος

fruit of nettle-tree: masc gen sg

διόσπυρον

fruit of nettle-tree: neut dat sg

διόσπυρος

fruit of nettle-tree: masc dat sg

διόσπυρον

fruit of nettle-tree: neut dat sg

διόσπυρος

fruit of nettle-tree: masc dat sg

κερατίᾱς, κερατέα

fem acc pl

κερατίᾱς, κερατέα

fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίᾱς, κερατία

fruit of the carob-tree: fem acc pl

κερατίᾱς, κερατία

fruit of the carob-tree: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

κερατίᾱς, κερατίας

comet: masc acc pl

κερατίᾱς, κερατίας

comet: masc nom sg (attic epic doric aeolic)

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `nut' (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).

Compounds: Compp., e. g. καρυο-ναύτης `wo sails in a nut' (Lyc.); καρυό-φυλλον `dried flower-but of the clove, Eugenia caryophyllata' (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. kaṭuka-phalam?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).

Derivatives: 1. καρύα f. `walnut-tree', esp. `hazel, Corylus avellana' (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: καρύδιον (Philyll. 19) with καρυδόω `castrate', καρύδωσις (Hippiatr.); καρυΐσκος (LXX). 3. Adject.: καρύ-ϊνος `of nuts, nut-brown etc.', - ώδης, - ηρός `nut-like' (hell.); καρυωτός `with nut-like hump or fruit' (= `date-tree'), καρυῶτις f. `kind of date' (hell.); substant. καρυΐτης `kind of Euphorbia' (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72). 4. Adverb: καρυηδόν `like nuts' (medic.). 5. Verb: καρυατίζω `play with nuts' (Ph.; after the verbs in - ατίζω). - A further plural-form in καρυήματα κάρυα. Λάκωνες H. (after τραγήματα a. o.; Schwyzer 523, Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: All compared words differ from κάρυον and from one amother: Lat. carīna `ship's keel' (since Enn. and Plaut.), `shell of a nut' (Plin.), Welsh ceri (\< * carīso-) `pit of fruit'; Skt. karaka- m. `(shell of the) coco(a)-nut' (lex.), `jar for water'. Other doubts are: for Lat. carīna a Greek loan (from καρύϊνος = *`like a nut-shell' \> `ship's keel'?) as been supposed (W.-Hofmann s. v.); the priority of the meaning `coco-nut' beside `water-jar' for karaka- is doubted by Mayrhofer, see EWAia III 59 (later form). - The connection with a group * kar- `heart' (Pok. 531f.) is completely hypothetical. - Beside it occurs ἄρυα τὰ ΏΗρακλεωτικὰ κάρυα H., which suggests a Pre-Greek form, Fur. 591.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `horn, for blowing and drinking', metaph. `branch (of a river), part of an army, top etc.'.

Other forms: gen. ep. *-ραος, Hdt. - ρεος, Att. - ρως, -ρᾱτος, dat. ep. -ραϊ, Hdt. -ρεϊ, Att. - ρᾳ, nom. acc. pl. ep. - ρα(α), Hp. and Att. -ρᾱτα, gen. ep. - ράων, Att. - ρῶν, -ρᾱτων, dat. -ρᾱ̆σι, ep. also - ράεσσι; late ep. gen. sg. -ρά̄ατος, n. a. pl. -ρά̄ατα (further see Schwyzer 515).

Dialectal forms: Myc. keraa \/ keraha\/ nom. pl.

Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in κερασ-φόρος `with a horn' (trag.), also κερατο-φόρος `id.' (Arist.); κεραο-ξόος `polishing horn' (Δ 110, AP; on the euphonically determined thematic vowel Schwyzer 440, Sommer Nominalkomp. 20 n. 2), thematically reshaped e. g. in κερο-φόρος (E.), also κερε-αλκής `with strong horn' (A. R.; cf. Schwyzer 440). As 2. member mostly - κερως (m. f.) \< - κερα(σ)-ος in ὑψί-, ἄ-κερως etc.; with special feminine form ὑψι-, καλλι-κέραν acc. (B.; Sommer 20 n. 1); quite isolated -κέρᾱτος, e. g. ἀ-κέρατος (Pl., Arist.; τῆς ἀκεράτου beside την ἀκέρων Pl. Plt. 265b, c), also ἀ-κέρωτος (AP), - κερος e. g. in νή-κεροι pl. `hornless' (Hes. Op. 529); with the subst. δί-κερας n. `double horn' (Callix.) and, as plant names, αἰγό-, βού-, ταυρό-κερας n. (after the form of the fruit, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); also αἰγο-κέρως `Capricornus' with metrically conditioned gen. - κερῆος (Arat., Q. S.; cf. Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 64).

Derivatives: Diminutives: κεράτιον `little horn' (Arist., hell.), `name of a weight a. a coin, "carat" (Hero) = Lat. siliqua (inscr. and pap.); τὰ κεράτια `the fruits of the carob-tree' (Ev. Luc. 15, 16, Dsc.); from there κερατία f. `carob-tree' (Str., Plin.), also - τέα (pap., Gp.; after the tree names in - έα), κερωνία `id.' (Thphr., Plin.; as βρυωνία a. o.; Chantraine Formation 207f.), from cross κερατωνία `id.' (Gal., Aët.). Further substantives: κερασ-τής m. `horned being' (S., E.; of ἔλαφος, Πάν etc.), name of a snake, `Cerastes cornutus' (Nic. a. o.), f. - στίς (A).; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 209; also surname of the island of Cyprus (Hdn. 1, 104, 15: " ἀπὸ τοῦ πολλὰς ἄκρας ἔχειν"); κερατῖτις ( μήκων) `kind of poppy' (Thphr., Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72f.); κεραΐτης m. = Lat. cornicularius (Lyd. Mag.), κεραϊ̃τις f. "Hornpflanze" = τῆλις a. o. (Redard 41 and 72, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); however κεραΐτης and κεραϊ̃τις belong rather to κεραία (s. below); κερατίας m. name of Dionysos (D. S.), also name of a comet (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); κεραία f. name of several hornlike objects, e. g. `yard, beam, cornucopia', as sign of writing = Lat. apex (Att., hell.); dimin. κερᾳδιον (Attica, Delos; or κεραΐδιον?); κερατών, - ῶνος m. name of an altar on Delos (hell.; prop. "place adorned with horns"; after the place names in - ών). - Adjectives: κεράτινος `made of horn' (X., Pl. Com.), κερατίνης m. `the fallacy called the Horns' (D. L., Luc.); κερατώδης `hornlike' (Thphr.); κερόεις `horned' (Anakr., Simon.); κερέϊνος `id.' (Aq., Sm.). - Denomin. verb: 1. κερατίζω `but with the horns' (LXX); from there κερατιστής (LXX), κεράτισις (Apollod. Poliork.); κερατισμός `loss on excange of solidi in ceratia' as if from κερατίζω *`change in ceratia' (pap. VI^p, Lyd. Mag.); 2. κερατόω `change in horn' (Ael.); 3. κεράω `provide with horns' (Arat.), `form a wing' (Plb.). - On κεραός, κεραΐς, κεράμβυξ, κερανίξαι, κερουτιάω, κέρνα s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱer-h₂(e)s- `horn, head'

Etymology: Beside κέρας `horn' stands in κάρᾱ, κάρηνα `head' a reduced grade *καρασ- (\< *ḱerh₂-es-), in κρᾱνίον `skull' a zero grade *κρᾱσ- (\< ḱr̥h₂s-); on the meaning s. below. A zero grade also in Skt. śíras- n. `head' (\< *ḱr̥h₂es-); Av. sarah- n. `head' is polyinterpr.); zero grade in gen. śīrṣ-ṇ-ás (\< *ḱr̥h₂s-nos; κρά̄ατος \< *ḱr̥h₂s-n̥-tos, cf. on κάρᾱ). The full grade with e- in Lat. cerebrum `brain' (IE. *ḱerh₂(e)s-ro-m \> * keras-ro-m). - The s-stem has an u-complement in κερα(Ϝ)-ός (s. v.); further there is an n-fomation in Germ., e. g. NHG Horn, Lat. corn-ū, Skt. śŕ̥ṇ-g-am `horn'. Full discussion in Nussbaum, Head and Horm, 1986. The original meaning was prob. `horn, Gehörn', from where `horned animal-head' and `head in gen.' - Further forms s. on κάρᾱ, κρᾱνίον, κρήδεμνον, κράνος; also W.-Hofmann s. cerebrum and cornū.

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