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  • 61 πυγμή

    πυγμή, ῆς, ἡ
    ① fist (so Eur., Hippocr. et al.; PPetr III, 22 (e) 2 [III B.C.]; LXX) in a difficult pass. ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας lit. unless they wash their hands with (the) fist Mk 7:3 (where the v.l. πυκνά [s. πυκνός] is substituted for π. [Vulgate crebro], thus alleviating the difficulty by focusing on the vigor of the action. Itala codex d has ‘primo’ [on this and other Itala readings s. AJülicher, Itala II ’40, p. 59]). The procedure is variously described and interpreted as a washing: ‘in which one clenched fist is turned about in the hollow of the other hand’, or ‘up to the elbow’ or ‘the wrist’, or ‘with a handful’ of water. FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 232f thinks of it simply as a rubbing w. the dry hand. Whatever the actual motion may have been, the emphasis is on the cultic devotion of those who engage in the lustral act.—Palladius, Hist. Laus. 55 νίψασθαι τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας πυγμῇ ὕδατι ψυχροτάτῳ. CTorrey, ZAW 65, ’53, 233f.—For lit. s. βαπτίζω 1.—Field, Notes 30f; Goodsp., Probs. 59f; MBlack, Aramaic Approach2, ’53, 8f; PWeis, NTS 3, ’56/57, 233–36 (Aramaic); SReynolds, JBL 85, ’66, 87f (with cupped hands; against him MHengel, ZNW 60, ’69, 182–98; reply by Reynolds ibid. 62, ’71, 295f).
    ② fist-fight, boxing (Hom. et al.; ins; Tat. 4, 1; 26, 3) more generally (Jos., Ant. 14, 210) ἐν μέσῳ τῆς πυγμῆς in the midst of the fight B 12:2.—DELG s.v. πύξ I. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πυγμή

  • 62 σκόλοψ

    σκόλοψ, οπος, ὁ (Hom. et al.; Artem.; PGM 36, 152; 270; LXX) orig. ‘anything pointed’ such as a ‘(pointed) stake’, then someth. that causes serious annoyance thorn, splinter, etc., specif. of an injurious foreign body (SIG 1168, 92; Num 33:55 σκόλοπες ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς; Sext. Emp. in BGU 380, 8 τὸν πόδαν πονεῖς ἀπὸ σκολάπου; Aesop, Fab. 187 P.; 363 P.=Babrius no. 136, 18 L-P.; Artem. 3, 33; Cyranides p. 112, 24 a prescription for removing σκόλοπας κ. ἀκάνθας.—Field, Notes 187). Paul alludes to his illness (s. κολαφίζω 2 and also EMerrins, St. Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh: BiblSacr 64, 1907, 661–92. For varying viewpoints s. CBruston, L’Écharde de St. Paul: RTQR 21, 1912, 441ff; PJoüon, RSR 15, 1925, 532f; CNash, Paul’s ‘Thorn in the Flesh’: RevExp 28, ’31, 33–51; PMenoud, Studia Paulina [JdeZwaan Festschr.] ’53, 163–71; HClavier, ibid. 66–82; TMullins, JBL 76, ’57, 299–303; AHisey and JBeck, Journ. of Bible and Religion 29, ’61, 125–29; JThierry, D. Dorn im Fleisch, NovT 5, ’62, 301–10; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27; VFurnish, II Corinthians (AB) ’84, 547–50; DPark, NovT 22, ’80, 179–83; UHeckel, ZNW 84, ’93, 65–92. Lack of details makes impossible a truly scientific analysis of Paul’s σκ.) in ἐδόθη μοι σκ. τῇ σαρκί a thorn in the flesh was given to me 2 Cor 12:7. The fact that Celsus uses the word σκ. (2, 55; 68) w. evident scorn (Origen has σταυρός) to mean the cross of Jesus, can scarcely indicate that Paul is using it in that sense here, since he always says σταυρός elsewh. (against ASchlatter, Pls, d. Bote J. Chr. ’34, 666). Lucian also, in Peregr. 13, 337, contemptuously of the ἀνεσκολοπισμένος ἐκεῖνος σοφιστής. Cp. 11, 334 ἄνθρωπος ἀνασκολοπισθείς. A believer does not use that sort of language.—DELG. M-M. TW.

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  • 63 στρέφω

    στρέφω fut. στρέψω LXX; 1 aor. ἔστρεψα. Pass.: 2 fut. στραφήσομαι LXX; 2 aor. ἐστράφν (Hom. +).
    ① to change the position of someth. relative to someth. by turning
    ⓐ turn (SibOr 5, 497 στ. ψυχάς) τί τινι someth. to someone Mt 5:39; D 1:4.—So perh. also in a nonliteral sense ἔστρεψεν ὁ θεός God turned the Israelites toward the heavenly bodies, so that they were to serve them as their gods Ac 7:42 (s. 3 Km 18:37 σὺ ἔστρεψας τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου ὀπίσω. But s. 4 below).
    ⓑ turn around, turn toward pass. w. act. force
    α. lit. στραφείς foll. by a finite verb he turned (around) and … (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 63; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 14 [Stone p. 80]). The purpose of the turning can be to attack someone Mt 7:6, or a desire to see or speak w. someone 9:22 (cp. Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 I, 6 στραφεὶς καὶ ἱδὼν Ἡλιόδωρον εἶπεν); 16:23; Lk 7:9; 9:55; 14:25; 22:61; J 1:38; 20:16; MPol 5:2. Finite verb instead of ptc. (ApcMos 19) ἐστράφη … καὶ εἶδεν GJs 15:1; 17:2ab. στρ. πρός w. acc. turn to or toward (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 677 πρὸς ἥλιον στρέφεσθαι of the heliotrope): στραφεὶς πρός τινα foll. by a finite verb (TestJob 27:1; 29:3; ApcMos 23:25, 28) Lk 7:44; 10:22 v.l., 23; 23:28. στρ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω turn around J 20:14; GJs 7:2 (cp. X., De Re Equ. 7, 12 στρέφεσθαι εἰς τὰ δεξιά).
    β. in a transf. sense of 1a compounded of change of mind and direction στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη we turn to the Gentiles Ac 13:46. ἐστράφησαν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν εἰς Αἴγυπτον in their hearts they turned back to Egypt 7:39.
    ② to carry someth. back to its previous location, bring back, return τὶ someth. τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια Mt 27:3
    ③ to turn someth. into someth. else, turn, change (Just., A I, 59, 1 ὕλην of God) τὶ εἴς τι someth. into someth. ὕδατα εἰς αἷμα Rv 11:6 (cp. Ps 113:8; 29:12). Pass. be changed, be turned (1 Km 10:6 εἰς ἄνδρα ἄλλον) στραφήσονται τὰ πρόβατα εἰς λύκους D 16:3a. ἡ ἀγάπη στραφήσεται εἰς μῖσος D 16:3b (cp. La 5:15; 1 Macc 1:39, 40).
    ④ to turn away so as to dissociate oneself, turn intr. (X., An. 4, 3, 26; 32, Ages. 2, 3) so perh. ἔστρεψεν ὁ θεός God turned away from them Ac 7:42 (s. 1a above).
    ⑤ to experience an inward change, turn, change, pass. in act. sense. For the better: make a turn-about, turn around (SibOr 3, 625) Mt 18:3 (JDupont, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 50–60); J 12:40 (Is 6:9.—Field, Notes 99.—The Eng. term ‘conversion’ could suggest a change from one religious persuasion to another, which is not the case in these pass.). For the worse: turn to someth. evil, be perverted D 11:2.—B. 666. DELG. M-M. TW.

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  • 64 τράπεζα

    τράπεζα, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr, JosAs; SibOr 5, 470; EpArist; Philo; Joseph.; Ath., R. 4 p. 52, 21; loanw. in rabb.)
    ① a structure or surface on which food or other things can be placed, table
    ⓐ of a cultic object: the table of showbread (cp. 1 Macc 1:22 τρ. τῆς προθέσεως; Ex 25:23–30; Jos., Bell. 5, 217) Hb 9:2. Of the τράπεζα τοῦ θεοῦ in the tabernacle, upon which Moses laid the twelve rods 1 Cl 43:2.
    ⓑ specif. the table upon which a meal is spread out (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 239) Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28; Lk 16:21; 22:21. Of the heavenly table at which the Messiah’s companions are to eat at the end of time vs. 30 (s. JJeremias, Zöllner u. Sünder, ZNW 30, ’31, 293–300). Also in γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα it is prob. (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 363) that this kind of table is meant Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23).—The contrast betw. τράπεζα κυρίου and τρ. δαιμονίων 1 Cor 10:21 is explained by the custom of eating a cult meal in the temple of divinities worshiped by polytheists (POxy 110 ἐρωτᾷ σε Χαιρήμων δειπνῆσαι εἰς κλείνην τοῦ κυρίου Σαράπιδος ἐν τῷ Σαραπείῳ αὔριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε´, ἀπὸ ὥρας θ´ ‘Chaeremon requests you to dine at the table of Sarapis in the Sarapeum on the morrow, the 15th, at the ninth hour’; 523; POslo 157 [all three II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 18, 65. τράπεζα of the table of a divinity is found in such and similar connections Diod S 5, 46, 7 τρ. τοῦ θεοῦ; SIG 1106, 99 ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ; 1022, 2; 1038, 11; 1042, 20; LBW 395, 17 Σαράπιδι καὶ Ἴσιδι τράπεζαν; POxy 1755. Cp. Sb 8828, 4 [180–82 A.D.] ἐν ὀνίροις τὸ συμπόσιον ποιῆσαι τοῦ κυρίου Σεράπιδος=celebrate the meal with Lord Sarapis in dreams; s. also New Docs 1, 5–9; 2, 37; 3, 69.—Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on 1 Cor 10:21; HMischkowski, D. hl. Tische im Götterkultus d. Griech. u. Römer, diss. Königsberg 1917).
    ⓒ the table on which the money changers display their coins (Pla., Ap. 17c; cp. PEleph 10, 2 [223/222 B.C.] the τραπεζῖται ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς) Mt 21:12; Mk 11:15; J 2:15. Hence simply bank (Lysias, Isocr., Demosth. et al.; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 12, 28; ins; PEleph 27, 23; POxy 98 al. in pap. The Engl. ‘bank’ is the money-lender’s ‘bench’; s. OED s.v. bank sb.3) διδόναι τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τράπεζαν put the money in the bank to bear interest Lk 19:23.—Ac 6:2 may contain humorous wordplay, which mingles the idea of table service and accounting procedures: serve as accountants (on the banking terminology s. Field, Notes 113, referring to Plut., Caesar 721 [28, 4]; 739 [67, 1], but w. discount of meal service as a referent. In addition to Field’s observations note the prob. wordplay relating to λόγος [for its commercial nuance s. λόγος 2a on the same verse; s. also Goodsp., Probs. 126f, w. reff. to pap]. For epigraphs s. RBogaert, Epigraphica III ’76 index).—B. 352 (meal); 483; 778 (bank).
    ② that which is upon a table, a meal, food, metonymic ext. of 1 (Eur., Alc. 2; Hdt. 1, 162; Pla., Rep. 3, 404d; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9, 2; Athen. 1, 25e) παραθεῖναι τράπεζαν set food before someone (Thu. 1, 130; Chariton 1, 13, 2; Aelian, VH 2, 17; Jos., Ant. 6, 338.—Ps 22:5 ἑτοιμάζειν τρ.) Ac 16:34; τράπ. κοινήν (κοινός 1a) Dg 5:7. ὁρίζειν τράπεζαν order a meal D 11:9. διακονεῖν τραπέζαις wait on tables, serve meals Ac 6:2 (so ELohmeyer, JBL 56, ’37, 231; 250f, but s. 1c above).—See GRichter, The Furniture of the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans ’66; Kl. Pauly III 1224f; BHHW III 1991–93.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 65 φόβος

    φόβος, ου, ὁ (s. three prec. entries; Hom.+. In Hom. ‘panic flight’; then in various senses).
    ① intimidating entity, the act. causative sense
    ⓐ intimidation (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 27 §104 ἐς φ. τῆς βουλῆς=to intimidate the Senate) so prob. τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be intimidated by their intimidation (cp. REB et al.) 1 Pt 3:14 (Is 8:12; s. φοβέω 1bγ and cp. 2aα below).
    ⓑ concretely, someth. terrible/awe-inspiring, a terror (Soph., Philoct. 1251; Polyb. 11, 30, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 135 §565; SIG 442, 10 [III B.C.] οὐδένα οὔτε φόβον οὔτε κίνδυνον ὑποστελλόμενοι; Just., A II, 5, 4 διὰ φόβων καὶ τιμωριῶν ὧν ἐπέφερον) οἱ ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος Ro 13:3. So perh. also εἰδότες οὖν τὸν φόβον τοῦ κυρίου since we know what it is that causes fear of the Lord 2 Cor 5:11 (i.e. the judgment to come, vs. 10; so Goodsp., REB et al.; ambiguously NRSV; s. also Field, Notes 183f); s. 2bα below.
    ② the product of an intimidating/alarming force, the pass. sense
    ⓐ fear, alarm, fright
    α. gener. 2 Cor 7:11; 1 Pt 1:17 (mng. fear of the coming judge, unless ἐν φ. here means reverently, as ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 143); Jd 23 (mng. the fear of defiling oneself); Dg 7:3. W. τρόμος (q.v.) 1 Cor 2:3; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Cl 12:5. Pl. fears, apprehensions, feelings of anxiety (as early as Thu. et al.; Diod S 16, 3, 1; 16, 42, 9 Ptolemy, Apotel. 2, 9, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 16 §67; 3, 89 §368; SIG 326, 21 [307/306 B.C.]; Job 20:25; Wsd 18:17; Jos., Ant. 10, 24; 15, 44) ἔξωθεν μάχαι ἔσωθεν φόβοι 2 Cor 7:5. παράγειν φόβους ἀνθρωπίνους bring in fears of humans 2 Cl 10:3.—W. obj. gen. of pers. (Diod S 10, 19, 6 ὁ τῶν Περσῶν φόβος), or of thing (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 259; Ath. 1, 1 φόβῳ δίκης; Did., Gen. 171, 14) causing fear ὁ φόβος τῶν Ἰουδαίων the fear of the Judeans J 7:13; 19:38; 20:19. φόβος θανάτου fear of death (Epict. 2, 1, 14; 2, 18, 30 et al.; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 24 [Stone p. 84]; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 111; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 17; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 61, 37) Hb 2:15. τοῦ βασανισμοῦ Rv 18:10, 15. νόμου Dg 11:6.—ἀπὸ (τοῦ) φόβου (τινός) because of, out of fear (of someone) Mt 14:26; 28:4; Lk 21:26; Hm 11:14. Also διὰ τ. φόβον Ac 26:14 v.l. (Hyperid. 5, 5 διὰ τὸν φ.; Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 6 διὰ τὸν φ.; Artem. 1, 1 p. 3, 23 διὰ φόβον; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 24 [Stone p. 84]; Philo, Mos. 1, 164 διὰ φόβον τινός; Jos., Vi. 354 διὰ τὸν φόβον; Just., A II, 9, 1 διὰ φόβον). μετὰ φόβου with or in fear (Aeneas Tact. 1257; TestAbr A 16 p. 96, 22 [Stone p. 40]; GrBar 13:1) of the feeling that accompanies an action Mt 28:8; Dg 12:6; AcPl Ha 11, 12.—As subject (En 100:8): φόβος πίπτει ἐπί τινα fear comes upon someone Ac 19:17 v.l.; Rv 11:11 v.l. ἐπιπίπτει ἐπί τινα Lk 1:12; Ac 19:17; Rv 11:11. ἐστὶν ἐπί τινα Ac 2:43b v.l. γίνεται ἐπί τινα Lk 1:65; Ac 5:5, 11 or γίνεταί τινι Ac 2:43a. λαμβάνει τινά (Jos., Vi. 148) Lk 7:16; Hv 5:4. πλησθῆναι φόβου Lk 5:26. φόβῳ συνέχεσθαι 8:37; AcPl Ha 3, 33; 11, 16. φόβον ἔχειν 1 Ti 5:20; Hm 7:2c; 12, 4, 7a; Hs 1:10. φοβεῖσθαι φόβον (μέγαν) Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9; cp. τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not fear what they fear (NRSV; sim. et al.) 1 Pt 3:14 (but s. 1 above); Hm 7:1 (φοβέω 1a).
    β. specif. of slavish fear (Diog. Cyn. in Diog. L. 6, 75 δούλου τὸ φοβεῖσθαι), which is not to characterize a Christian’s relation to God οὐκ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας εἰς φόβον you have not received a spirit of slavery, to cause you to fear Ro 8:15. Cp. 1J 4:18abc (opp. ἀγάπη; cp. κόλασις 2, end).
    ⓑ reverence, respect
    α. toward God (Polyaenus 1, 16, 1; LXX; PsSol 6:5 al.; EpArist 159 ὁ περὶ θεοῦ φόβος; 189; cp. φόβος τὰ θεῖα τοῖσι σώφροσιν βροτῶν TGF, Adesp. no. 356 p. 906) and Christ, w. τρόμος Phil 2:12 (s. τρόμος). W. ἀλήθεια 1 Cl 19:1; Pol 2:1. W. ἀγάπη 1 Cl 51:2. W. εὐλάβεια Pol 6:3. W. πίστις, εἰρήνη and other good things and virtues 1 Cl 64. W. ὑπομονή B 2:2. W. ἐλπὶς: εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν 11:11. W. πίστις and ἐγκράτεια Hm 6, 1, 1. W. objective gen. φόβος (τοῦ) θεοῦ (PLond 1914, 12 φόβον θεοῦ ἔχοντες ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 199; TestLevi 13:7; TestNapht 2:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [p. 72, 26]) Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2); 2 Cor 7:1 (ἀγάπη P46); 1 Cl 3:4; 21:6; cp. 8; B 4:11; 19:5; 20:2; Pol 4:2; Hm 10, 1, 6a; 12, 2, 4bc; D 4:9. φόβος (τοῦ) κυρίου (TestReub 4:1; TestSim 3:4) Ac 9:31; 1 Cl 22:1 (Ps 33:12); 57:5 (Pr 1:29); B 11:5 (Is 33:18 v.l.); Hm 7:4b; 8:9; 10, 1, 6b; 12, 2, 4a; 12, 3, 1. Some place here 2 Cor 5:11 (s. 1b above). φόβος Χριστοῦ Eph 5:21.—For 1 Pt 1:17 s. 2aα beg.
    β. toward humans, respect that is due officials (cp. Byzantinische Papyri [Munich], ed. AHeisenberg/LWenger, 1914, no. 2, ln. 13 p. 43: ἔχοντες τὸν φόβον … τῆς ὑμετέρας ἐνδόξου ὑπεροχῆς=having respect for your esteemed authority) Ro 13:7ab (CCranfield, NTS 6, ’60, 241–49: the ref. may be to God); fr. slave to master 1 Pt 2:18; Eph 6:5 (w. τρόμος); B 19:7=D 4:11 (w. αἰσχύνη); wife to husband 1 Pt 3:2 (cp. SEG XXXV, 1427, 5 [III A.D.]). Gener. 3:16 (w. πραΰτης).—WLütgert, Die Furcht Gottes: MKähler Festschr. 1905, SBerkelbach v.der Sprenkel, Vrees en Religie 1920, 165ff; RSander, Furcht u. Liebe im palästin. Judentum ’35.—B. 1153. DELG s.v. φέβομαι I. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

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  • 66 ἐνέχω

    ἐνέχω impf. ἐνεῖχον; pf. pass. 3 sg. ἐνέσχηται 3 Macc 6:10 (Pind. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestGad, s. 1; Jos., Ant. 16, 214; Just., D. 17, 1).
    ① act. have a grudge against someone, bear ill-will, τινί (ellipt. for χόλον ἐ. τινί: so Hdt. 1, 118, 1; cp. Gen 49:23; TestGad 5:11 v.l.; cp. our colloq. ‘have it in for someone’) Mk 6:19. Abs. δεινῶς ἐ. be very hostile Lk 11:53.
    ② pass. to experience constraint, be subject to, be loaded down with, w. dat. (oft. since Pind., P. 8, 69 and Hdt. 2, 121, β 2; PTebt 5, 5 [118 B.C.]; BGU 1051, 34 al.; 3 Macc 6:10; EpArist 16; Jos., Ant. 18, 179; εἰς … ἀδικίαν Just., D. 17, 1) ζυγῷ δουλείας Gal 5:1. θλίψεσιν 2 Th 1:4 v.l.—Field, Notes 28f; 64.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

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  • 67 ἐνταφιασμός

    ἐνταφιασμός, οῦ, ὁ (s. prec. entry; schol. on Eur., Phoen. 1654 and on Aristoph., Plut. 1009.—ἐνταφιαστής as early as PParis 7, 6 [100 B.C.]; Gen 50:2) the performance of what is customary for burial, preparation for burial or burial itself Mk 14:8; J 12:7.—Field, Notes 98.—DELG s.v. θάπτω. M-M.

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  • 68 ἐντυγχάνω

    ἐντυγχάνω fut. 2 pl. ἐντεύξεσθε (Just., A I, 45, 6); 2 aor. ἐνέτυχον; 1 aor. subj. mid. ἐντεύξωμαι Hm 10, 2, 5 (cp. the simplex 2 Macc 15:7) in various senses: ‘meet, turn to, approach, appeal, petition’ (s. τυγχάνω; Soph., Hdt.+).
    ① to make an earnest request through contact with the pers. approached
    ⓐ approach or appeal to someone, τινί (Polyb. 4, 30, 1; Diod S 19, 60, 1; OGI 664, 10; 669, 46; SIG 820, 13 [I A.D.]; PTebt 58, 43; Da 6:13 LXX; Jos., Ant. 16, 170; Just., D. 2, 6 τοῖς Πλατωνικοῖς) MPol 17:2. τινὶ περί τινος (Polyb. 4, 76, 9; PSI 410, 14 [III B.C.] περὶ Ὥρου ἐντυχεῖν Ἀμμωνίῳ; PAmh 142, 10) περὶ οὗ ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος ἐνέτυχόν μοι concerning whom all the people appealed to me Ac 25:24 (En 22:7 Ἄβελ ἐντυγχάνει περὶ αὐτοῦ [τοῦ Κάϊν]. Of things: Jos., Ant. 12, 18 περὶ ὧν ἐντυγχάνειν μέλλει τῷ βασιλεῖ; Plut, Alex. 692 [49, 4] ὡς περὶ ἀναγκαίων ἔχοντας ἐντυχεῖν καὶ μεγάλων, Them. 125 [27, 2] [s. Field, Notes 140f]). ὑπέρ τινος plead for someone (Aelian, VH 1, 21; PAmh 35, 20; PTebt 183 [II B.C.]) of intercession by the Holy Spirit κατὰ θεὸν ἐ. ὑπὲρ ἁγίων Ro 8:27. Of Christ’s intercession Ro 8:34; Hb 7:25. τινὶ κατά τινος appeal to someone against a third person (cp. PGiss 36, 15 [161 B.C.] ἐνετύχομεν καθʼ ὑμῶν; PAmh 134, 10; 1 Macc 8:32; 11:25; En 7:6 ἡ γῆ ἐνέτυχεν κατὰ τῶν ἀνόμων; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν) Ro 11:2; Hm 10, 2, 5.—DCrump, Jesus the Intercessor ’92.
    ⓑ Since petitions are also directed toward God, ἐ. can be rendered pray (Maximus Tyr. 10, 1b ἐντυχεῖν θεοῖς; BGU 246, 12 [c. 200 A.D.] ἰδότες ὅτι νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐντυγχάνω τῷ θεῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; Wsd 8:21; 16:28; En 9:3 and 10 al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 173) w. dat. of the one being prayed to τῷ κυρίῳ (w. ἐξομολογεῖσθαι) Hm 10, 3, 2; τῷ θεῷ to God Hs 2:6. Also πρὸς τὸν κύριον (cp. Plut., Fab. 185 [20, 2]) Hs 2:8. περί τινος for someone 1 Cl 56:1; Pol 4:3.
    ② From the idea of ‘coming across’ or ‘encountering’ a book (Plato et al.) derives the sense read (Polyb. 1, 3, 10; Plut., Rom. 24 [12, 6]; Vett. Val. 358, 25; 2 Macc 2:25; 15:39; Jos., Ant. 1, 15; 12, 226; Just., A I, 26, 8 al.; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 161 [a book] ἐντυγχάνειν κ. ἀναγινώσκειν ‘read and attend to’) Dg 12:1.—RLaqueur, Quaestiones Epigr., diss. Strassb. 1904, 15ff.—DELG s.v. τυγχάνω. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

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  • 69 ἐπιβάλλω

    ἐπιβάλλω (s. βάλλω) fut. ἐπιβαλῶ LXX; 2 aor. ἐπέβαλον, 3 pl. ἐπέβαλαν Mk 14:46 v.l.; Ac 21:27 v.l. (W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 208); pf. 2 sg. ἐπιβέβληκας Ex 20:25. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ἐπιβληθήσεται LXX; aor. 3 sg. ἐπεβλήθη LXX (Hom.+).
    ① to put on, trans., act.
    ⓐ throw over τί τινι someth. on someone: βρόχον a noose 1 Cor 7:35 (perh. w. ref. to a halter that would help keep the wearers in check: ‘keep you on a tight rein’ REB). τί ἐπί τι Rv 18:19 v.l.
    ⓑ lay on, put on ἱμάτιόν τινι (Lev 19:19.—Od. 14, 520 χλαῖναν) Mk 11:7; without the dat. 10:50 v.l. τὴν χεῖρα lay the hand (Dt 15:10) ἐπί τι on someth. Lk 9:62. τὰς χεῖρας hands τινί on someone violently (Polyb. 3, 2, 8; 3, 5, 5; Lucian, Tim. 4; UPZ 106, 19 [99 B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 491; Esth 6:2; Just., D. 95, 4) Mk 14:46; Ac 4:3. Also ἐπί τινα (PLeid G 19 [II B.C.], H 26) Mt 26:50; Lk 20:19; 21:12; J 7:44 (ἔβαλεν v.l.); Ac 5:18; 21:27 (Just., D. 93, 4 μέχρις … τοῦ Χριστοῦ ‘even on the Messiah’). The sing. τ. χεῖρα in this connection is rare (Aristoph., Nub. 933, Lysistr. 440; Gen 22:12; 2 Km 18:12) no one laid a hand on him J 7:30. ἐ. τὰς χεῖρας foll. by inf. of purpose Ac 12:1; ἐπίβλημα ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ Mt 9:16; ἐπὶ ἱμάτιον Lk 5:36.
    ② set to, intr., act.
    ⓐ throw oneself or beat upon (Pla., Phdr. 248a; Polyb. 5, 18, 3; 1 Macc 4:2) break over τὰ κύματα εἰς τὸ πλοῖον the waves broke over the boat Mk 4:37.
    ⓑ The mng. of καὶ ἐπιβαλὼν ἔκλαιεν Mk 14:72 is in doubt. Theophylact. offers a choice betw. ἐπικαλυψάμενος τ. κεφαλήν (so ASchlatter, Zürcher Bibel ’31; Field, Notes 41–43; but in that case τὸ ἱμάτιον could scarcely be omitted) and ἀρξάμενος, which latter sense is supported by the v.l. ἤρξατο κλαίειν and can mean begin (PTebt 50, 12 [112/111 B.C.] ἐπιβαλὼν συνέχωσεν=‘he set to and dammed up’ [Mlt. 131f]; Diogen. Cyn. in Diog. L. 6, 27 ἐπέβαλε τερετίζειν). The transl. would then be and he began to weep (EKlostermann; OHoltzmann; JSchniewind; CCD; s. also B-D-F §308). Others (BWeiss; HHoltzmann; 20th Cent.; Weymouth; L-S-J-M) proceed fr. the expressions ἐ. τὸν νοῦν or τὴν διάνοιαν (Diod S 20, 43, 6) and fr. the fact that ἐ. by itself, used w. the dat., can mean think of (M. Ant. 10, 30; Plut., Cic. 862 [4, 4]; Ath. 7, 1 ‘deal with a problem’), to the mng. and he thought of it, or when he reflected on it., viz. Jesus’ prophecy. Wlh. ad loc. has urged against this view that it is made unnecessary by the preceding ἀνεμνήσθη κτλ. Least probable of all is the equation of ἐπιβαλών with ἀποκριθείς (HEwald) on the basis of Polyb. 1, 80, 1; 22, 3, 8; Diod S 13, 28, 5 ἐπιβαλὼν ἔφη. Both REB (‘he burst into tears’) and NRSV (‘he broke down and wept’) capture the sense. Prob. Mk intends the reader to understand a wild gesture connected with lamentation (s. EdeMartino, Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico, ’58, esp. 195–235).
    ③ to be scheduled for someone’s possession, fall to, belong to, intr., act. an extension of mng. 2, τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος the part that falls to someone (Diod S 14, 17, 5; SIG 346, 36; 546 B, 19; 1106, 80; POxy 715, 13ff; PFouad 25 verso I, 12f; PFay 93, 8; cp. Tob 6:12; Ath., R. 49, 2 τῆς ἐπιβαλλούσης ἑκάστῳ χώρας ‘the place appropriate to each’—Dssm., NB 57 [BS 230]) Lk 15:12 (JDerrett, Law in the NT ’70, 106). Impers. ἐπιβάλλει τινί someone has opportunity or it is proper for someone (Polyb. 18, 51, 1; OGI 443, 10; UPZ 110, 10 [164 B.C.] πᾶσιν ἐπιβάλλει; Tob 3:17; Jos., Bell. 1, 434, Ant. 19, 6) Pol 1:1. Lk 15:12 that which belongs to me, ‘is coming to me’.
    ④ to apply oneself earnestly to someth., take someth. upon oneself, undertake (lit. ‘throw oneself upon’), mid. w. acc. (Thu. 6, 40, 2; UPZ 41, 26 [161/160 B.C.] πᾶν ὸ̔ ἂν ἐπιβάλλησθε; Just., D. 68, 1 w. inf.) πρᾶξιν Hm 10, 2, 2. πολλά Hs 6, 3, 5.—M-M. TW.

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  • 70 ἡλικία

    ἡλικία, ας, ἡ (Hom.+)
    ① the period of time that one’s life continues, age, time of life
    ⓐ gener. of time that is past. Mt 6:27=Lk 12:25 προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τ. ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα, where acc. to the context the ref. is to someth. insignificant (Lk 12:26 has expressly ἐλάχιστον.—Paus. Attic. ς, 22 evaluates as τὸ ἐλάχιστον the expression σπιθαμὴ τοῦ βίου=a span [the distance between thumb and little finger of the extended hand] of life), may refer to length of life (so Goodsp. Probs. 24–26, following Wetstein), not to bodily size, and πῆχυς is then a measure of time (cp. Hebr. Ps 39:6 and s. πῆχυς). Likew. perh. in the par. Ox 655, 13–15 (GTh 67, 34; Fitzmyer 544) τίς ἄν προσθ‹εί›η| ἐπὶ τὴν εἱλικίαν| ὑμῶν; ‘who could add to your time of life?’ On the other hand, the context also speaks of nourishment and growth, and the saying may be one of the typically bold dominical sayings w. the sense: ‘Who grows by worrying about one’s height?’ (s. 3 below).—Fr. the context, ἡλ. in the sense of ‘age’ can be more closely defined as youthfulness (4 Macc 8:10, 20) IMg 3:1; MPol 3:1, or old age 7:2; 9:2 (cp. 4 Macc 5:6, 11, 36).
    ⓑ of age gener., including the years lying ahead προκόπτειν ἐν (missing in many mss.) τ. ἡλικίᾳ increase in years (but s. 3 below) Lk 2:52 (cp. SIG 708, 17–19: ins in honor of a young man of Istropolis [II B.C.] [τῇ] τε ἡλικίᾳ προκόπτων καὶ προαγόμενος εἰς τὸ θεοσεβεῖν ὡς ἔπρεπεν αὐτῷ πρῶτον μὲν ἐτείμησεν τοὺς θεοὺς ‘advancing in years and growing in piety as became him, he showed honor first to the gods’; Biogr. p. 266.—On σοφία, ἡλικία, χάρις: AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 6, 1928, 33–38).
    ② the age which is sufficient or requisite for certain things, maturity (Jos., Ant. 1, 68; 2, 230a).
    ⓐ the age of strength (2 Macc 5:24; 7:27; En 106:1), also of women (αἱ ἐν ἡλ. παρθένοι or γυναῖκες in Hippocr., Pla., Plut.) παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας past the normal age (παρά C3) Hb 11:11 (s. καταβολή 1 and 2 and s. Philo, Abr. 195). Thus fig. Eph 4:13: εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον, εἰς μέτρον ἡλικίας τοῦ πληρώματος τ. Χριστοῦ, ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι to the measure of the full maturity of Christ, who is a mature person (τέλειος), not a (νήπιος) minor (cp. Diod S 18, 57, 2 εἰς ἡλικίαν ἔρχεσθαι); but s. 3 below.
    ⓑ the age of legal maturity, majority (oft. in pap) ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthd. 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168, 5 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τ. ἡλικίαν) J 9:21, 23.
    ③ bodily stature (Hdt. 3, 16; Pla., Euthd. 271b; Demosth. 40, 56; Diod S 3, 35, 6; Plut., Philop. 362 [11, 2]; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 40; Jos., Ant. 2, 230b) τῇ ἡλικίᾳ μικρὸς ἦν small of stature Lk 19:3. Some scholars hold that Mt 6:27; Lk 12:25 should be listed here (s. Field, Notes, 6f); many would prefer stature for Lk 2:52; Eph 4:13.—B. 956. DELG s.v. ἧλιξ. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 71 ὑπομονή

    ὑπομονή, ῆς, ἡ (ὑπομένω)
    ① the capacity to hold out or bear up in the face of difficulty, patience, endurance, fortitude, steadfastness, perseverance (Ps.-Pla., Def. 412c; Aristot., Stoics [Stoic. IV 150 index; Musonius; Epict.—PBarth, D. Stoa4 1922, 119ff]; Polyb., Plut., LXX; PsSol 2:36; TestJob 1:5; TestJos; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 16 al.; Just.; beside καρτερία Orig., C. Cels. 7, 55, 6; καθʼ ὑπομονὴν διὰ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 90, 17]) esp. as they are shown in the enduring of toil and suffering Lk 21:19; Rom 5:3f (on the ‘climax’ form of the saying cp. Maximus Tyr. 16, 3b τὴν ἀρετὴν διδόασιν οἱ λόγοι, τοὺς δὲ λόγους ἡ ἄσκησις, τὴν δὲ ἄσκησιν ἡ ἀλήθεια, τὴν δὲ ἀλήθειαν ἡ σχολή); 15:4f; 2 Cor 6:4; 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:4; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2; Hb 10:36; Js 1:3f; 2 Pt 1:6ab; Rv 2:2f, 19; 1 Cl 5:5, 7; B 2:2; IEph 3:1; Hm 8:9; D 5:2. πᾶσα ὑπ. every kind of patience 2 Cor 12:12; Col 1:11. W. the subjective gen. ἡ ὑπ. Ἰώβ Js 5:11 (ACarr, The Patience of Job [Js 5:11]: Exp. 8th ser., 6, 1913, 511–17); αὐτοῦ (i.e. Χριστοῦ) the endurance that Christ showed Pol 8:2. Differently ἡ ὑπ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ a Christ-like fortitude, i.e. a fortitude that comes fr. association w. Christ 2 Th 3:5 (OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft des Pls im Lichte seines Genetivbrauchs 1924, 139f); cp. IRo 10:3 (s. also 2 below). W. the objective gen. ὑπ. ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ perseverance in doing what is right Ro 2:7 (Polyb. 4, 51, 1 ὑπ. τοῦ πολέμου). ὑπ. τῶν παθημάτων steadfast endurance of sufferings 2 Cor 1:6 (Ps.-Pla., Def. 412c ὑπ. λύπης; Plut., Pelop. 278 [1, 8] ὑπ. θανάτου; Jos., Ant. 2, 7 πόνων ὑπ.). ὁ λόγος τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου (λόγος 1aβ) Rv 3:10 (s. also 2 below). διʼ ὑπομονῆς with patience or fortitude Ro 8:25; Hb 12:1. διὰ τῆς ὑπομονῆς through his patient endurance MPol 19:2 (Just., A I, 16, 3). ἐν ὑπομονῇ (PsSol 2:36; TestJos 10:2) Lk 8:15 (LCerfaux, RB 64, ’57, 481–91). ὑπομένειν πᾶσαν ὑπομονήν practice endurance to the limit Pol 9:1. ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπ. τῶν ἁγίων here is (an opportunity for) endurance on the part of the saints (Weymouth) Rv 13:10 (s. JSchmid, ZNW 43, ’50/51, 112–28); cp. 14:12. Text uncertain τὸν λόγον τ̣ῶ̣ν̣ ὑ[πο]μ̣ονῶν AcPl Ha 6, 11f.—WMeikle, The Vocabulary of ‘Patience’ in the OT: Exp. 8th ser., 19, 1920, 219–25, The Voc. etc. in the NT: ibid. 304–13; CSpicq, Patientia: RSPT 19, 1930, 95–106; AFestugière, RSR 21, ’31, 477–86; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 91f.
    ② the act or state of patient waiting for someone or someth., expectation (Ps 9:19; 61:6; 2 Esdr 10:2) Rv 1:9 (on ὑπ. ἐν Ἰησοῦ s. IHeikel, StKr 106, ’35, 317). Perh. (s. 1 above) 3:10 and 2 Th 3:5; IRo 10:3 might also be classed here (so. Lightf.).—RAC IX 658–65. DDenton notes a close connection w. ἐλπίς: SJT 34, ’81, 313–20. See ὑπομένω, end.—M-M.

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  • 72 διερός

    διερός, ά, όν,
    A active, alive, twice in Hom.,

    οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνὴρ διερὸς βροτός Od.6.201

    , cf. Aristarch. ad loc. (but perh. for δϝῐ-ερός, 'to be feared'); διερῷ ποδί with nimble foot, 9.43;

    διερῇ φλογί AP7.123

     (Diog. Laert.).
    II after Hom., wet, liquid, ὕδατι διερόν cj. in Pi.Fr.107.14;

    αἷμα τὸ δ. A.Eu. 263

    ; τὸ δ., opp. ξηρόν, Anaxag. 4, 12; of the air, opp. λαμπρός, v. l. in Hp.Aër.15; of birds, which float through the air, Ar.Nu. 337; δ. μέλεα, of the nightingale's notes, dub. l. in Id.Av. 213;

    δ. καὶ βαρεῖα γῆ Thphr.CP3.23.2

    ;

    δ. φῦκος Ph. Bel.99.24

    ;

    τοῦ δ. παγέντος Alciphr.1.23

    ; δ. κέλευθος, of the sea, A.R.1.184; πώγων δ. [ὀστρέου] AP9.86 (Antiphil.);

    διερὰς χαίτας εὐώδεας Orph.Fr. 142

    ; δ. μόρος death by drowning, Opp.H.5.345; δ. πῦρ the watery star, i. e. the constellation Eridanus, Nonn.D.23.301. (Prop., acc. to Arist.GC 330a16 διερὸν μέν ἐστι τὸ ἔχον ἀλλοτρίαν ὑγρότητα ἐπιπολῆς, opp. βεβρεγμένον ( soaked through), but cf.

    σπόγγος ὄξει διερός Dsc.Eup.1.141

    ; διερά, = σεσηπότα, Hsch.) (In signf. 1, perh. cogn. with δίεμαι (but not with βίος): in signf. 11, prob. connected with διαίνω.)

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  • 73 κληρίον

    κληρ-ίον, τό, Dim. of κλῆρος (A) 11.2, AP6.98 ([place name] Zonas), PLond.2.370.1 (ii/iii A.D.).
    II [dialect] Dor. [full] κλάρια [ᾱ], τά, bonds, notes for debt, Plu. Agis13.

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  • 74 Πλειάδες

    Πλειάδες, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] Πληϊάδες ([dialect] Aeol. [full] Πληΐαδες Sapph.52), αἱ,
    A Pleiads, Il.18.486, Od.5.272, Hes.Op. 383, 572.
    II later in sg., of the whole constellation, esp. in notes of time,

    ὑπὸ Πληϊάδα

     at the setting of the P.,

    Hp.Epid.1.1

    ;

    πρὸ Πλειάδος ἐπιτολῆς Arist.HA 553b31

    ; ἀπὸ Πλειάδος ἀνατολῆς ib. 599b10; μετὰ Πλειάδα ib. 598b7; ἀπὸ Πλειάδος δύσεως ib. 599a28; περὶ Πλειάδος δύσιν ib. 542b22; πρὸς δύσιν Πλειάδος χειμερινήν ib. 566a21;

    Σείριος ἐγγὺς τῆς ἑπταπόρου Π. ᾄσσων E.IA8

     (anap.), cf. Ion 1152: in sg., also a name given to the seven best Alexandrian tragic poets, Heph.9.4, Choerob. in Heph.p.236 C., Suid. s.v. Ἀλέξανδρος Αἰτωλός, al. ( Πλειάδες is perh. derived from πλέω, sail, because they rose at the beginning of the sailing-season (if so Πληϊάδες is metri gr. for Πλε (ϝ) ϊάδες).—Poets (Hes.Frr.177, 178, 179, Pi.N.2.11, A.Fr. 312), using the lengthened form Πελειάδες (Alcm.23.60, gen. sg.

    Πελειάδος E.Or. 1005

     (lyr.)), represented them as doves flying before the hunter Orion.)

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  • 75 φθέγμα

    φθέγ-μα, ατος, τό (written [full] φθέγγμα in late Inscrr., Epigr.Gr.1002, 1003),
    A sound of the voice, voice, Pi.P.8.31, A.Pr. 588 (lyr.), S.OC 1623, Ar.Nu. 319 (anap.), etc.; periphr. of a person, ὦ φθέγμ' ἀναιδές, for ὦ φθεγξάμενε ἀναιδῆ, S.OC 863, cf. Aj.14, El. 1225.
    b language, speech, Id.Ant. 354 (lyr.).
    c saying, word, utterance, Id.OC 1177, Pl.R. 616a, LXXWi.1.11: pl., accents, words, Pl.Lg. 655a, Polyzel. 12.
    2 of other sounds, as of birds, cries, S.El.18, E.Hel. 747; of a bull, roaring, Id.Hipp. 1215;

    βροντᾶς φ. Pi.P.4.198

    ; θυείας φ. the grinding of the mortar, Ar. Pax 235; of musical notes, Id.Av. 683 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 812d; of the nightingale's song, Ar.Av. 204, 223.

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  • 76 ἄγριππος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: Laconian name for a `wild olive' (Zen.)
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Fur. 158 notes that these words have the characterictic variation of Pre-Greek words.
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  • 77 ἀλθαίνω

    ἀλθαίνω, - ομαι
    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `become whole and sound' (Hp.)
    Derivatives: The fut. ἀλθέξομαι (Aret.) perh. formed after its opposite πυρέξομαι of πυρέσσω (but Chantr. comments: "l'hypothése reste en l'air"; cf. συναλθάσσομαι; ἄλθεξις. On these forms Van Brock, Vocab. médical 198 - 207 ("capricieuses formations", all late). ἀλθεστήρια `medicine' (Nic.), cf. χαριστήρια, etc. (Chantr. Form. 63f.). - ἀλθαία plant name `marsh mallow', Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 81 (partly incorrect). On Ἄλθηπος, also Ἄλθηφος, Bechtel Hermes 56, 228 and the mythical name Άλθαία, s. below.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [26] * h₂el- `grow'
    Etymology: Άλθαίνω is connected with the root in ἄναλτος (q.v.) (Schwyzer 703 β). Cf. ἀλδαίνω. Chantr. notes that the word is originally used of the growth of damaged tissue; he translates ἄλθετο χείρ with "le bras se guérit". - However, the meaning `heal' is not evidently connected with ἀλ- `grow, feed'; the glosses give systematically the meaning `heal' etc.; θεραπεία means also `medical or surgical treatment'; θερμασία is less clear (false reading?); αὔξει also deviates (is it for ἀλδαίνω?). - The name Ἄλθηπ\/ φος is clearly Pre-Greek (cf. the river Αἴσηπος); so may be Άλθαία (the suffix - αια, - εια is also known in Pre-Greek); but we cannot be sure that the names belong to the verb. - An alternative etymology connects Skt. r̥dhnóti `obtain luckily', Rix MSS 27 (1970) 88 and Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 118.
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  • 78 ἀλλᾶς

    ἀλλᾶς, - ᾶντος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `force-meat, sausage, black pudding' (Hippon.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Unknown. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 323 compares ἄλλην λάχανον. Ίταλοί, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀρτυνθέντος περικόμματος, ἐξ οὖ ἀλλαντοπώλης H. So it would contain an Oscan word (Messapian acc. to v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 15), cf. Lat. ālium `garlic'. K. assumes *ἀλλᾱ-Ϝεντ-. But Szemerényi, Gmomon 43 (1971) 653, notes that origin in southern Italy is implausible for a word from Hipponax.
    Page in Frisk: 1,75

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλλᾶς

  • 79 ἄσφαλτος

    Grammatical information: f. (m.)
    Meaning: `asphalt, bitumen' (Hdt.).
    Other forms: - ον n.
    Derivatives: ἀσφάλτιον `treacle clover, Psoralea bituminosa' (Dsc.; after the smell, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 62); ἀσφαλτῖτις `bituminous' ( βῶλος etc., Str., Redard Les noms grecs en - ίτης 108); ἀσφαλτωδεύομαι `cover with a.'. - ἀσφαλτόω `smear with a.' (LXX).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Generally taken as negative verbal adjective of σφάλλεσθαι, as the material that protects walls from σφάλλεσθαι. Diels KZ 47, 207ff., who finds no Semitic etymologies. For the `causative' meaning of the verbal adjective one compares ἀμέθυστος; still, this point makes the etymology weak. Chantr. notes `qui empêche de glisser, de tomber, le produit étant employé comme mortier (ce qui n'est pas à l'origine un procédé grec).' The etymology is improbable; rather a substr. word; Diels noted that sources occur everywhere, e.g. on Zakynthos and near Dyrrhachium..
    Page in Frisk: 1,174

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσφαλτος

  • 80 βασσάρα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `fox' (Sch. Lyk. 771), `dress of bacchante's' (EM, AB, H.) from the skin of a fox; `bacchante' (Sch. Lyk. 771, EM), `impudent woman' (Lyk., EM).
    Derivatives: βασσάριον `fox' (Hdt. 4, 192; Libyan), βασσαρεύς name of Dionysos (Hor.), βάσσαρος = βάκχος (Orph.); denom. ἀνα-βασσαρέω `break forth in Bacchic frenzy' (Anacr.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Egypt.
    Etymology: Herodotus calls the word Libyan. This seems confirmed by the etymology with Egypt. wasar, Copt. bašor (Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 660, without reference). Szemerényi further wants to maintain the connection with Hitt. wassuwar `clothing' for the dress; rejected by Neumann, Weiterleben (1961) 19, I think rightly so. Fur. 257 n. 36 notes that βάσσος = βασσάρα (EM) and that - αρ(ος) is a frequent Pre-Gr. suffix.
    Page in Frisk: 1,224

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βασσάρα

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