-
1 piō
piō āvī, ātus, āre [pius], to approach with sacred rites, appease, propitiate: Silvanum lacte, H.: ossa, V.: Ianus piandus erit, O.— To purify with sacred rites: si quid tibi piandum fuisset.— To make good, atone for, expiate: mors morte pianda est, O.: fulmen, avert the omen of lightning, O.: prodigia, Ta.: culpam morte, atone for, V.: nefas morte piandum, i. e. to be punished, Iu.* * *piare, piavi, piatus Vappease, propitiate; cleanse, expiate -
2 pio
pĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [pius].I. B.Lit.:II.Silvanum lacte piabant,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 143:ossa,
Verg. A. 6, 379:busta (i.e. Manes),
Ov. M. 13, 515:Janus Agonali luce piandus erit,
id. F. 1, 318.—Transf.A.To honor with religious rites, to celebrate:B.ubi piem Pietatem,
Plaut. As. 3, 1, 3:aras ture,
Prop. 3, 10 (4, 9), 19:in magicis astra piare focis,
to perform sacred rites, id. 1, 1, 20.—To purify with sacred rites (syn.:C.procuro, lustro): si quid tibi piandum fuisset,
Cic. Dom. 51.—To make or seek to make good, to atone for, expiate:D. E.damna,
Ov. A. A. 3, 160:mors morte pianda est,
id. M. 8, 483:fulmen,
to avert by sacrifice the misfortune portended by lightning, id. F. 3, 291:nefas triste,
to atone for, avert the penalty, Verg. A. 2, 184; Ov. H. 19, 194:cometes terrificum sidus, ac non leviter piatum,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92.—To free from madness, Fest. p. 213 Müll.:jube te piari de meā pecuniā: nam ego quidem insanum te esse certo scio,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 17; so id. ib. 3, 2, 51. -
3 ex-piō
ex-piō āvī, ātus, āre.—In religion, to make amends for, atone for, purify, expiate, purge by sacrifice: tua scelera in nostros milites, i. e. avenge: filium pecuniā publicā, L.: quae violata sunt, expiabuntur: arma Nondum expiatis uncta cruoribus, H.—To avert, destroy the force of (an omen or curse): quem ad modum ea expientur: prodigium, L.: dira detestatio Nullā expiatur victimā, H.—To make amends for, repair, make good, compensate: superioris aetatis exempla Gracchorum casibus, Cs.: legatorum iniurias, L. -
4 bellum
bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—(ante-class. and poet. ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:b.subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:b.quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50. -
5 expio
ex-pĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make satisfaction, amends, atonement for a crime or a criminal; to purify any thing defiled with crime; to atone for, to expiate, purge by sacrifice (freq. and class.; syn.: pio, lustro, placo, paco).I.Relig. t. t.A.Lit.:B.SACRVM COMMISSVM QVOD NEQVE EXPIARI POTERIT, IMPIE COMMISSVM ESTO: QVOD EXPIARI POTERIT, PVBLICI SACERDOTES EXPIANTO,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21:scelus,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 29; cf.:tua scelera di immortales in nostros milites expiaverunt,
i. e. have avenged, Cic. Pis. 35, 85:in iis sine illius suffimentis expiati sumus,
id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; cf.:imperatum patri, ut filium expiaret pecunia publica,
Liv. 1, 26, 12:aliquem,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 34:puerum lustralibus salivis,
Pers. 2, 33:quae violata sunt, expiabuntur,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7; cf.:expiandum forum Romanum a nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
id. Rab. Perd. 4, 11; id. Phil. 1, 12, 30.—To avert an omen or sign, i. e. to prevent the evil indicated by it:II.quae di significent, quemadmodum ea procurentur atque expientur,
Cic. Div. 2, 63, 139:prodigia quae neque hostiis neque votis piare fas habet gens superstitioni obnoxia,
Tac. H. 5, 13 init.:arma nondum expiatis uncta cruoribus,
Hor. C. 2, 1, 5:dira detestatio nulla expiatur victima,
id. Epod. 5, 90 et saep.—Transf., beyond the relig. sphere.A.To atone for, make amends for, repair, make good:B.haec superioris aetatis exempla expiata Saturnini atque Gracchorum casibus docet,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 5:malam potentiam servili supplicio,
Tac. H. 4, 11:legatorum injurias regisque caedem,
Liv. 1, 14, 3:errorem,
Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 1 et saep.:incommodum virtute,
Caes. B. G. 5, 52 fin.:cladem victoriis,
Flor. 1, 12.—To appease (very rare):a me etiam poenas expetistis, quibus conjuratorum manes mortuorum expiaretis,
Cic. Pis. 7, 16:tutelam navis,
Petr. 105:iram,
Sen. Oet. 857. -
6 pii
pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:II.o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—Transf., in gen.A. B.Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4. -
7 pium
pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:II.o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—Transf., in gen.A. B.Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4. -
8 Pius
pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:II.o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—Transf., in gen.A. B.Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4. -
9 pius
pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:II.o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,
Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,
Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):si quis pius est,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:uxor pia et pudica,
id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:di meliora piis,
Verg. G. 3, 513:poëta,
Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:pio vatis ab ore,
Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:piorum sedes,
Cic. Phil. 14, 12:arva piorum,
Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:far,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:tura,
Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:luci,
sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:pia et aeterna pax,
a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,
id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:ore pio,
id. M. 7, 172; so,quosque pium est adhibere deos,
id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,
justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:pius in parentes,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,
Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,
Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:pius dolor,
Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,
id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:metus,
of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—Transf., in gen.A. B.Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,
Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:pie sancteque colere deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,
id. Sen. 22, 81:metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,
id. Mil. 38, 103:pie lugere,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:quod utrumque piissime tulit,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4. -
10 saliens
1.sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].I.To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:II.oleas caducas,
Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:thynnus,
Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):A.omnis victima sale salietur,
Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:igne salietur,
id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:B.hoc salsum'st,
is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:caseus,
Col. 12, 59, 1:fruges (as a sacrifice),
Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.farra,
Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):(gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,
Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,
id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.aequor,
Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:vada,
Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:e salso momine ponti,
Lucr. 6, 474:fluctus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:undae,
Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:gurges,
id. 5, 482;hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):lacrimae,
Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:sputa,
Lucr. 6, 1189:sudor,
Verg. A. 2, 173:rubigo,
id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;hence, mare salsissimum,
the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:2.facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,
Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,
Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):dicere aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:I. A.salii,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:salivi,
Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].Lit. (class.):2.ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,
Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:saliendo sese exercebant,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:calamo salientes ducere pisces,
Ov. M. 3, 587:vexare uterum pueris salientibus,
Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:saxo salire,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:de muro (with praecipitari),
Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:in aquas,
Ov. Ib. 554:super vallum,
Liv. 25, 39:super scuta,
on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:saliet, tundet pede terram,
id. A. P. 430:salias terrae gravis,
id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:per praecipitia et praerupta,
Liv. 27, 18:per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,
Ov. F. 4, 805:unctos saluere per utres,
Verg. G. 2, 384:medio cum saluere foro,
Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:saliunt in gurgite ranae,
Ov. M. 6, 381. —Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:* B.ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,
Cato, R. R. 154:personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,
Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,rivus,
Verg. E. 5, 47:aqua,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:aquae salientes,
Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:aqua saliens,
spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,
Verg. G. 1, 449; so,grando,
Ov. M. 14, 543:farre pio placant et saliente sale,
Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:farre pio et saliente micā,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:farra micaeque salientis honorem,
Ov. F. 4,409:cor salit,
leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:pectora trepido motu,
Ov. M. 8, 606:viscera,
id. ib. 6, 390:temptatae pollice venae,
id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:supercilium,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,
Lucr. 1, 187.—Trop.:II.aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al. -
11 salio
1.sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].I.To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:II.oleas caducas,
Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:thynnus,
Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):A.omnis victima sale salietur,
Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:igne salietur,
id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:B.hoc salsum'st,
is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:caseus,
Col. 12, 59, 1:fruges (as a sacrifice),
Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.farra,
Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):(gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,
Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,
id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.aequor,
Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:vada,
Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:e salso momine ponti,
Lucr. 6, 474:fluctus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:undae,
Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:gurges,
id. 5, 482;hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):lacrimae,
Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:sputa,
Lucr. 6, 1189:sudor,
Verg. A. 2, 173:rubigo,
id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;hence, mare salsissimum,
the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:2.facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,
Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,
Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):dicere aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:I. A.salii,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:salivi,
Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].Lit. (class.):2.ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,
Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:saliendo sese exercebant,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:calamo salientes ducere pisces,
Ov. M. 3, 587:vexare uterum pueris salientibus,
Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:saxo salire,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:de muro (with praecipitari),
Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:in aquas,
Ov. Ib. 554:super vallum,
Liv. 25, 39:super scuta,
on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:saliet, tundet pede terram,
id. A. P. 430:salias terrae gravis,
id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:per praecipitia et praerupta,
Liv. 27, 18:per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,
Ov. F. 4, 805:unctos saluere per utres,
Verg. G. 2, 384:medio cum saluere foro,
Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:saliunt in gurgite ranae,
Ov. M. 6, 381. —Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:* B.ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,
Cato, R. R. 154:personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,
Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,rivus,
Verg. E. 5, 47:aqua,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:aquae salientes,
Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:aqua saliens,
spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,
Verg. G. 1, 449; so,grando,
Ov. M. 14, 543:farre pio placant et saliente sale,
Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:farre pio et saliente micā,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:farra micaeque salientis honorem,
Ov. F. 4,409:cor salit,
leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:pectora trepido motu,
Ov. M. 8, 606:viscera,
id. ib. 6, 390:temptatae pollice venae,
id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:supercilium,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,
Lucr. 1, 187.—Trop.:II.aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al. -
12 salsa
1.sălĭo ( sall-), no perf., ītum, 4 (collat. form sălo or sallo, no perf., salsum, 3: salunt, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.: salerent, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 909: salere, Lucil. ib.: salsurus, Mummius ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.; part. salsus, v. infra P. a.), v. a. [id.].I.To salt down, to salt: pernas, Cato ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 2 fin.:II.oleas caducas,
Cato, R. R. 23, 1: pisces, Sisenn. ap. Prisc. p. 909 P.; Cels. 2, 18: saliturus istaec mittam salem, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 910 P.: saliti pumiliones, Corn. Sev. ib.; so in part. perf.: caro salita, Fabian. ap. Diom. p. 372:thynnus,
Col. 6, 32, 2 et saep.; Vulg. Ezech. 16, 4.—To sprinkle before sacrifice (eccl. Lat.):A.omnis victima sale salietur,
Vulg. Marc. 9, 48; cf.:igne salietur,
id. ib. — Hence, salsus, a, um, P. a., salted, salt.Lit., Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 6:B.hoc salsum'st,
is too salt, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 71:caseus,
Col. 12, 59, 1:fruges (as a sacrifice),
Verg. A. 2, 133; cf.farra,
Ov. F. 3, 284 (v. mola):(gravidae) salsioribus cibis usae,
Plin. 7, 6, 5, § 42:salsissimus sal qui siccissimus,
id. 31, 7, 41, § 85.—A poet. epithet of the sea, of blood, of tears, etc., salt, briny: mare, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 453 Vahl.); id. ap. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.); cf.aequor,
Lucr. 3, 493; 5, 128; 6, 634:vada,
Cat. 64, 6; Verg. A. 5, 158:e salso momine ponti,
Lucr. 6, 474:fluctus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 2:undae,
Lucr. 6, 891; 6, 894:gurges,
id. 5, 482;hence, comically, of shipwrecked persons,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 12; 2, 6, 33: sanguis, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 168 Vahl.); Att. ap. Non. 192, 2: heu! qui salsis fluctibus mandet me? id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. v. 562 Rib.):lacrimae,
Lucr. 1,125; 1, 920; cf.: guttae lacrimarum, Att. ap. Non. 503, 29:sputa,
Lucr. 6, 1189:sudor,
Verg. A. 2, 173:rubigo,
id. G. 2, 220.—In plur. subst.: salsa, ōrum, n., salted things, salted food, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 32.— Sup. salsissimus;hence, mare salsissimum,
the Dead Sea, Vulg. Num. 34, 3 et saep.—Trop. (acc. to sal, II.), sharp, acute, witty, facetious (syn.:2.facetus, dicax, lepidus, urbanus): accedunt non Attici, sed salsiores quam illi Atticorum, Romani veteres atque urbani sales,
Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:genus est perelegans et cum gravitate salsum, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 270 sq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 63, 255; 2, 56, 228; id. Or. 26, 90: salsum in consuetudine pro ridiculo tantum accepimus. Quint. 6, 3, 18 sq.; 6, 3, 39:salso multoque fluenti (sermone) regerit convicia,
Hor. S. 1, 7, 28; 1, 9, 65.—In neutr. plur. subst.:inveni ridicula et salsa multa Graecorum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 217: De Êrakleideihô Varronis, negotia salsa, are humorous, merry stories, id. Att. 16, 12 fin. —Of persons:esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, non nimis est per se ipsum invidendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; id. Phil. 2, 17, 42; Cat. 14, 16.— Adv.: salsē, wittily, acutely, facetiously (acc. to B.):dicere aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 275; Quint. 6, 3, 13; 6, 3, 30; 6, 3, 89; 6, 3, 101. — Sup. salsissime, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.sălĭo, ŭi (cf. Diom. p. 371 P.; Prisc. p. 906 P.; Serv. Verg. A. 3, 416:I. A.salii,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 210; id. Th. 9, 132; Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 20, § 31:salivi,
Serv. Verg. G. 2, 384), saltum, 4 ( gen. plur. part. pres. salientum, Lucr. 4, 1200), v. n. and a. [kindr. with Sanscr. sar-, sal-, to go, and Gr. hallomai; cf. salax].Lit. (class.):2.ambulant aliquae (aves), ut cornices: saliunt aliae, ut passeres, merulae, etc.,
Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:saliendo sese exercebant,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Mil. 2, 3, 8:calamo salientes ducere pisces,
Ov. M. 3, 587:vexare uterum pueris salientibus,
Juv. 6, 599 et saep.:saxo salire,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31; cf.:de muro (with praecipitari),
Liv. 25, 24: praecipites in puteum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:in aquas,
Ov. Ib. 554:super vallum,
Liv. 25, 39:super scuta,
on the shields, Flor. 3, 10, 13:ultra Limites clientium Salis avarus,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 26:saliet, tundet pede terram,
id. A. P. 430:salias terrae gravis,
id. Ep. 1, 14, 26:per praecipitia et praerupta,
Liv. 27, 18:per flammas saluisse pecus, saluisse colonos,
Ov. F. 4, 805:unctos saluere per utres,
Verg. G. 2, 384:medio cum saluere foro,
Prop. 4 (5), 5, 52:saliunt in gurgite ranae,
Ov. M. 6, 381. —Transf., of things: ut habeat lacum, ubi aqua saliat, leaps or flows down, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3:* B.ut in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit,
Cato, R. R. 154:personae e quarum rostris aqua salire solet,
Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin.; so,rivus,
Verg. E. 5, 47:aqua,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25; Suet. Aug. 82:aquae salientes,
Front. Aquaed. 9 al.:aqua saliens,
spring-water, Vulg. Johan. 4, 14; v. also infra, P. a.:multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando,
Verg. G. 1, 449; so,grando,
Ov. M. 14, 543:farre pio placant et saliente sale,
Tib. 3, 4, 10; cf.:farre pio et saliente micā,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:farra micaeque salientis honorem,
Ov. F. 4,409:cor salit,
leaps, beats, palpitates, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 62; cf. id. Cist. 2, 3, 9; Pers. 3, 111; Sen. Herc. Oet. 708; Verg. G. 3, 460:pectora trepido motu,
Ov. M. 8, 606:viscera,
id. ib. 6, 390:temptatae pollice venae,
id. ib. 10, 289; cf. id. H. 20, 139:supercilium,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 105:e terrāque exorta repente arbusta salirent,
Lucr. 1, 187.—Trop.:II.aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 34.—Act., of the copulation of animals, to leap, cover, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 14; 2, 4, 8; 2, 7, 8 sq.; 3, 6, 3; 3, 10, 3; Ov. A. A. 2, 485; Lucr. 4, 1196.—Hence, sălĭens, entis, P. a.; only in plur. subst.: sălĭentes, ĭum, f. (sc. aquae), springs, fountains, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 8, 3, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 9; 87 fin.; 103; 104; Dig. 19, 1, 15 al. -
13 cadō
cadō cecidī, casūrus, ere [CAD-], to fall, fall down, descend: lucrumae cadunt gaudio, T.: (apes) praecipites cadunt, V.: caelo ceciderunt sereno Fulgura, V.: a mento cadit manus, O.: de manibus arma cecidissent: vela cadunt, are furled, V.: Altius atque cadant imbres, from a greater height, V.—To fall, fall down, fall prostrate, fall over: ne ille ceciderit, has had a fall, T.: velut si prolapsus cecidisset, L.: prolapsa in volnus moribunda cecidit, L.: in pectus pronus, O.: casura moenia Troum, O.: casurae arces, V.—Of heavenly bodies, to set, go down, fall, sink: iuxta solem cadentem, V.: quā (nocte) Orion cadit, H.: oriens mediusve cadensve Phoebus, O.: primis cadentibus astris, fading, i. e. at dawn, V.—To fall off, fall away, fall out, drop off, be shed: barba, V.: Prima (folia) cadunt, H.: gregibus lanae cadunt, O.: poma ramis, O.: elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae, O.—Of a stream, to fall, empty itself: in sinum maris, L.—Of dice, to be thrown, fall, turn up: illud, quod cecidit forte, T.—Of shadows, to be thrown, fall (poet.): cadunt de montibus umbrae, V.—To fall dead, fall, die, be slain: in acie: Civili acie, O.: pauci de nostris cadunt, Cs.: plures Saguntini cadebant quam Poeni, L.: ante diem, prematurely, V.: suo Marte (i. e. suā manu), O.: iustā Morte, H.: femineo Marte, O.: a tanto viro, O.: a centurione, Ta.: In pio officio, O.: in patriā cadendum est, we must perish.—Of victims, to be slain, be offered, be sacrificed, fall (poet.): Multa tibi cadet hostia, V.: Si tener cadit haedus, H.: Victima vota cadit, O.—Of a woman, to yield, Tb. —Fig., to come, fall under, fall, be subject, be exposed: sub sensum: in conspectum, to become visible: si regnum ad servitia caderet, into servile hands, L.: sub imperium Romanorum: in deliberationem: in suspicionem alicuius, N.—To belong, be in accordance, agree, refer, be suitable, apply, fit, suit, become: non cadit in hos mores ista suspitio: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri?: Heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus? V.: sub eandem rationem.—Of time, to fall upon: in alienissimum tempus: in hanc aetatem.— To fall due: in eam diem cadere nummos.—To befall, fall to the lot of, happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out: mihi peropportune: insperanti mihi cecidit, ut, etc.: Sunt quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, V.: Ut illis... voluptas cadat, H.: verba cadentia, uttered at random, H.: verba si Graeco fonte cadent, be derived from, H.: verebar quorsum id casurum esset, how it would turn out: praeter opinionem, N.: si quid adversi caderet, L.: fortuito in melius casura, Ta.: curare Quo promissa cadent, how fulfilled, H.: Vota cadunt, are fulfilled, Tb.: tibi pro vano benigna cadant, Pr.: Quo res cumque cadent, V.: si non omnia caderent secunda, Cs.: ut inrita promissa eius caderent, L.: libertas in servitutem cadit: in hunc hominem ista suspitio: ad inritum cadens spes, turning out to be vain, L.—To lose strength, fall, perish, be overthrown, drop, decline, vanish, decay, cease: cadentem rem p. fulcire: tua laus pariter cum re p. cecidit: virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit, H.: non tibi ira cecidit, L.: animus, to fail. L.: cadere animis, to lose courage: cecidere illis animi, O.— To fail (in speaking), falter: orator cadet.—Causā cadere, to lose the cause: cadere in iudicio: Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum, O.— Of the countenance or features: tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent, i. e. expressed terror.— Of words: Multa renascentur, quae iam cecidere, fallen into disuse, H.—Of theatrical representations, to fail, be condemned: cadat an recto stet fabula talo, H.—Of the wind, to abate, subside, die away: cadit Eurus, O.: venti vis omnis cecidit, L.—Of words and clauses, to be terminated, end, close: verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt: similiter cadentia, having the same endings.* * *cadere, cecidi, casus V INTRANSfall, sink, drop, plummet, topple; be slain, die; end, cease, abate; decay -
14 fār
fār farris, n [1 FER-], a sort of grain, spelt (roasted and ground), L.— Corn, grain: flava farra, V.— Coarse meal, grits: olus ac far, H.: Mollivit Penates Farre pio, sacrificial meal, H., V., Tb.: torrida cum micā farra, O.— Bread: non sine farre, H.: una Farris libra, H.: caninum, coarse bread for dogs, Iu.* * *husked wheat; grain, spelt; coarse meal, grits; sacrificial meal; dog's bread -
15 piābilis
piābilis e, adj. [pio], to be averted: fulmen, O. -
16 piāculum
piāculum ī, n [pio], a means of appeasing, sin-offering, propitiatory sacrifice: piaculum hostiam caedi, L.: Te piacula nulla resolvent, H.— An animal offered in sacrifice, victim: ea prima piacula sunto, V.: furtiva piacula cervae, i. e. substitution, Iu.— An expiation, atonement, sacrifice: rupti foederis, L.: luendis periculis publicis piacula esse, L.— A remedy: Laudis amore tumes, sunt certe piacula, quae, etc., H.— Punishment: dea a violatoribus (sui templi) gravia piacula exegit, L.: rerum praetermissarum, i. e. satisfaction, L.— A crime, sacrilege: quantum piaculi committatur, L.: commissa piacula, V.* * *expiatory offering or rite; sin; crime -
17 piāmen
-
18 pius
pius adj. with (late) sup. piissimus.—Of character, dutiful, pious, devout, conscientious, religious: ingenium Pamphili, T.: homo: di meliora piis, V.: poëta, Ct.: pio vatis ab ore, O.— Plur m. as subst, the departed, blessed: piorum sedes: arva piorum, O.—Of actions, just, holy, right, pious, religious: bellum, L.: homines inmolare pium esse duxerunt, a religious act: Quosque pium est adhibere deos, O.—As subst n.: contra iusque piumque, sacred obligation, O.—Of things, sacred, holy, consecrated: far, H.: pax, under religious sanction: arma, conscientiously taken up, L.—Of natural ties, faithful to kindred, devoted, filial, loving, dutiful: in parentes: Aeneas, the filial, V.: Inpietate pia est, i. e. sacrifices her son to her brother, O.: ‘piissimos’ quaeris, et, quod verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā est, etc.: piissima filia, Ta.: piissimi civium, Cu.—Sacred, prompted by natural affection, loving: seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati, O.: dolor, inspired by friendship: piosque pone metūs, i. e. of your husband, O.—Beloved, dear: testa, H.* * *pia -um, -, piissimus -a -um ADJconscientious; upright; faithful; patriotic/dutiful, respectful; rightous; goodd affectionate, tender, devoted, loyal (to family); pious, devout; holy, godly -
19 religiō
religiō (not rell-; the first syl. lengthened in hexameter verse), ōnis, f [re-+2 LIG-], conscientiousness, sense of right, moral obligation, duty: nihil esse mihi, religiost dicere, i. e. I say on my conscience, T.: Heium a religione deducere: quid lex et religio cogat cogitare: quaeris aliquem praestantiorem virtute, religione?: iudiciorum religionem veritatemque perfringere: iudicum religiones oratione converti, the conscientious convictions.— A regard for sacred things, devoutness, piety, reverence, religious feeling: sese summā religione teneri: religio, quae deorum cultu pio continetur: sacra summā religione confici velle: omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni: religioni servire.— A religious scruple, scruple of conscience, apprehension of divine anger, fear of the gods, superstitious awe: ut eam, non religio contineret: nullā mendaci religione obstrictus, superstition, Cs.: tantā religione obstricta provincia: obstrinxisti religione populum R.: parvulae causae vel terroris repentini vel obiectae religionis, Cs.: rem habere religioni, i. e. as a divine warning: ne bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit, L.: plena religione civitas, L.: liberatae religione mentes, L.: rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit, V.: nulla mihi Religio est, H.: movendi thensauros, L.: novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt, Cs.: religionibus impediri, Cs.: plenis religionum animis prodigia insuper nuntiata, L.— A sense of religious obligation, religious sanction, duty to the gods: viri religione potius quam veritate fides constricta: iuris iurandi.— A religious obligation, oath, pledge of faith, religious sanction: timori magis quam religioni consulere, Cs.: Achaeos religione obstringere, L.: relinquitur nova religio, ut, etc., i. e. a new view of your obligation, Cs.: ius iurandum servabat conservatā religione, N.: religioni potius vestrae quam odio parere.— Divine service, worship of the gods, religious observance, religion, worship: religione, id est cultu deorum: illa pax mater huic urbi iuris et religionis fuit: deorum.— A religion, faith, religious system, mode of worship, cult: venit mihi religionis illius in mentem: neque enim haec externa vobis est religio: expertes religionum omnium: in bello religionum et consuetudinis iura retinere: pro religionibus suis bella suscipere: religiones interpretantur, religious matters, Cs.: publicae religiones, L.— Sacredness, sanctity, holiness, claim to reverence: fanum Iunonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut, etc.: in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio, i. e. such sacred majesty of expression and feeling, L.: Iam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestīs Dira loci, V. — An object of veneration, sacred place, consecrated thing, hallowed object: religionem restituere: tantis eorum religionibus violatis: ad deorum religionem demigrasse, i. e. shrines: quae religio aut quae machina belli (the Trojan horse), V.—Of places, a claim resulting from consecration, religious liability: aram si dedicasti, sine religione loco moveri potest: liberaret religione templum, L.: locus religionum deorumque plenus, L.* * *supernatural constraint/taboo; obligation; sanction; worship; rite; sanctity; reverence/respect/awe/conscience/scruples; religion; order of monks/nuns (Bee) -
20 saliō
saliō uī, saltus, īre [2 SAL-], to leap, spring, bound, jump, hop: calamo salientes ducere pisces, O.: de muro, L.: in aquas, O.: ultra Limites clientium, H.: per praecipitia, L.: multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando, V.: Farre pio et saliente micā, H.—Fig.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, H.* * *Isalire, salivi, salitus V TRANSsalt, salt down, preserve with salt; sprinkle before sacrificeIIsalire, salivi, saltus Vleap, jump; move suddenly/spasmodically (part of body under stress), twitch; spurt, discharge, be ejected under force (water/fluid); mount/cover (by stud)IIIsalire, salui, saltus Vleap, jump; move suddenly/spasmodically (part of body under stress), twitch; spurt, discharge, be ejected under force (water/fluid); mount/cover (by stud)
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