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cadō

  • 1 cadō

        cadō cecidī, casūrus, ere    [CAD-], to fall, fall down, descend: lucrumae cadunt gaudio, T.: (apes) praecipites cadunt, V.: caelo ceciderunt sereno Fulgura, V.: a mento cadit manus, O.: de manibus arma cecidissent: vela cadunt, are furled, V.: Altius atque cadant imbres, from a greater height, V.—To fall, fall down, fall prostrate, fall over: ne ille ceciderit, has had a fall, T.: velut si prolapsus cecidisset, L.: prolapsa in volnus moribunda cecidit, L.: in pectus pronus, O.: casura moenia Troum, O.: casurae arces, V.—Of heavenly bodies, to set, go down, fall, sink: iuxta solem cadentem, V.: quā (nocte) Orion cadit, H.: oriens mediusve cadensve Phoebus, O.: primis cadentibus astris, fading, i. e. at dawn, V.—To fall off, fall away, fall out, drop off, be shed: barba, V.: Prima (folia) cadunt, H.: gregibus lanae cadunt, O.: poma ramis, O.: elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae, O.—Of a stream, to fall, empty itself: in sinum maris, L.—Of dice, to be thrown, fall, turn up: illud, quod cecidit forte, T.—Of shadows, to be thrown, fall (poet.): cadunt de montibus umbrae, V.—To fall dead, fall, die, be slain: in acie: Civili acie, O.: pauci de nostris cadunt, Cs.: plures Saguntini cadebant quam Poeni, L.: ante diem, prematurely, V.: suo Marte (i. e. suā manu), O.: iustā Morte, H.: femineo Marte, O.: a tanto viro, O.: a centurione, Ta.: In pio officio, O.: in patriā cadendum est, we must perish.—Of victims, to be slain, be offered, be sacrificed, fall (poet.): Multa tibi cadet hostia, V.: Si tener cadit haedus, H.: Victima vota cadit, O.—Of a woman, to yield, Tb. —Fig., to come, fall under, fall, be subject, be exposed: sub sensum: in conspectum, to become visible: si regnum ad servitia caderet, into servile hands, L.: sub imperium Romanorum: in deliberationem: in suspicionem alicuius, N.—To belong, be in accordance, agree, refer, be suitable, apply, fit, suit, become: non cadit in hos mores ista suspitio: cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri?: Heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus? V.: sub eandem rationem.—Of time, to fall upon: in alienissimum tempus: in hanc aetatem.— To fall due: in eam diem cadere nummos.—To befall, fall to the lot of, happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out: mihi peropportune: insperanti mihi cecidit, ut, etc.: Sunt quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, V.: Ut illis... voluptas cadat, H.: verba cadentia, uttered at random, H.: verba si Graeco fonte cadent, be derived from, H.: verebar quorsum id casurum esset, how it would turn out: praeter opinionem, N.: si quid adversi caderet, L.: fortuito in melius casura, Ta.: curare Quo promissa cadent, how fulfilled, H.: Vota cadunt, are fulfilled, Tb.: tibi pro vano benigna cadant, Pr.: Quo res cumque cadent, V.: si non omnia caderent secunda, Cs.: ut inrita promissa eius caderent, L.: libertas in servitutem cadit: in hunc hominem ista suspitio: ad inritum cadens spes, turning out to be vain, L.—To lose strength, fall, perish, be overthrown, drop, decline, vanish, decay, cease: cadentem rem p. fulcire: tua laus pariter cum re p. cecidit: virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit, H.: non tibi ira cecidit, L.: animus, to fail. L.: cadere animis, to lose courage: cecidere illis animi, O.— To fail (in speaking), falter: orator cadet.—Causā cadere, to lose the cause: cadere in iudicio: Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum, O.— Of the countenance or features: tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent, i. e. expressed terror.— Of words: Multa renascentur, quae iam cecidere, fallen into disuse, H.—Of theatrical representations, to fail, be condemned: cadat an recto stet fabula talo, H.—Of the wind, to abate, subside, die away: cadit Eurus, O.: venti vis omnis cecidit, L.—Of words and clauses, to be terminated, end, close: verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt: similiter cadentia, having the same endings.
    * * *
    cadere, cecidi, casus V INTRANS
    fall, sink, drop, plummet, topple; be slain, die; end, cease, abate; decay

    Latin-English dictionary > cadō

  • 2 cado

    cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. [cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one ' s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor;

    opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828;

    imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,

    Verg. G. 4, 80:

    nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,

    Lucr. 6, 258:

    cadit in terras vis flammea,

    id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

    in patrios pedes,

    Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning:

    omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,

    in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.:

    prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,

    Liv. 1, 58, 11:

    cadit in vultus,

    Ov. M. 5, 292:

    in pectus,

    id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad:

    ad terras,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216:

    ad terram,

    Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de:

    a summo cadere,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15:

    a mento cadit manus,

    Ov. F. 3, 20:

    aves ab alto,

    Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:

    ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,

    Lucr. 6, 824:

    ex arbore,

    Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2:

    cecidisse de equo dicitur,

    Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

    cadere de equo,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Cæsar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere):

    de manibus arma cecidissent,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.:

    de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

    cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

    Verg. E. 1, 84:

    de caelo,

    Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322:

    de matre (i. e. nasci),

    Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per:

    per inane profundum,

    Lucr. 2, 222:

    per aquas,

    id. 2, 230:

    per salebras altaque saxa,

    Mart. 11, 91; cf.:

    imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.:

    folia nunc cadunt,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297:

    ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,

    id. 6, 415:

    cadens nix,

    id. 3, 21; 3, 402:

    velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus [p. 259] sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:

    cadentem Sustinuisse,

    id. M. 8, 148:

    saepius, of epileptics,

    Plin. Val. 12, 58:

    casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,

    Quint. 12, 10, 73.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295:

    oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem,

    Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45:

    soli subjecta cadenti arva,

    Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12:

    quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit,

    Hor. Epod. 10, 10:

    Arcturus cadens,

    id. C. 3, 1, 27.—
    b.
    To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.:

    nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57:

    dentes cadere imperat aetas,

    Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3:

    pueri qui primus ceciderit dens,

    Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41:

    barba,

    Verg. E. 1, 29:

    quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia,

    id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61:

    lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt,

    Ov. M. 7, 541:

    saetae,

    id. ib. 14, 303:

    quadrupedibus pilum cadere,

    Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231:

    poma,

    Ov. M. 7, 586:

    cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae,

    id. ib. 14, 350:

    elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae,

    id. ib. 9, 571:

    et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis,

    id. ib. 4, 229.—
    c.
    Of a stream, to fall, empty itself:

    amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,

    Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4:

    flumina in pontum cadent,

    Sen. Med. 406:

    flumina in Hebrum cadentia,

    Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50:

    tandem in alterum amnem cadit,

    Curt. 6, 4, 6.—
    d.
    Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up:

    illud, quod cecidit forte,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 23 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—
    e.
    Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one ' s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—
    f.
    Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—
    B.
    In a more restricted sense.
    1.
    To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry):

    cadere in plano,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.:

    deorsum,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89:

    uspiam,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

    Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12:

    dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,

    Quint. 8, 5, 32:

    sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,

    Suet. Caes. 82:

    cadere supinus,

    id. Aug. 43 fin.:

    in pectus pronus,

    Ov. M. 4, 579:

    cadunt toti montes,

    Lucr. 6, 546:

    radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,

    Cat. 64, 109:

    concussae cadunt urbes,

    Lucr. 5, 1236:

    casura moenia Troum,

    Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71:

    multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,

    Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra;

    bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,

    their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so,

    ceciderunt artus,

    id. 3, 453:

    sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,

    Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.:

    oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 1:

    patriae cecidere manus,

    Verg. A. 6, 33:

    cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 36:

    cecidere illis animique manusque,

    Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—
    2.
    In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle;

    hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.:

    aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142:

    ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

    pauci de nostris cadunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53:

    optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,

    Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142:

    per acies,

    Tac. A. 1, 2:

    pro patriā,

    Quint. 2, 15, 29:

    ante diem,

    Verg. A. 4, 620:

    bipenni,

    Ov. M. 12, 611:

    ense,

    Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle:

    inque pio cadit officio,

    Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument:

    suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,

    Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.:

    suā manu cecidit,

    fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71:

    exitu voluntario,

    id. H. 1, 40:

    muliebri fraude cadere,

    id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.:

    manu femineā,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179:

    femineo Marte,

    Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab:

    torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5:

    a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,

    Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab:

    barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,

    Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—
    b.
    Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall ( poet.):

    multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,

    Verg. A. 1, 334:

    si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,

    Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—
    3.
    In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—
    4.
    Matre cadens, just born ( poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad:

    sub sensus cadere nostros,

    i. e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448:

    sub sensum,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3:

    sub oculos,

    id. Or. 3, 9:

    in conspectum,

    to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

    sub aurium mensuram,

    id. Or. 20, 67:

    sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

    subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848:

    ad servitia,

    Liv. 1, 40, 3:

    utrorum ad regna,

    Lucr. 3, 836; so,

    sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,

    Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

    in potestatem unius,

    id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

    in cogitationem,

    to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21:

    in hominum disceptationem,

    id. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

    in deliberationem,

    id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

    in offensionem alicujus,

    id. N. D. 1, 30, 85:

    in morbum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

    in suspitionem alicujus,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

    in calumniam,

    Quint. 9, 4, 57:

    abrupte cadere in narrationem,

    id. 4, 1, 79:

    in peccatum,

    Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—
    B.
    In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.):

    non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,

    Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

    cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?

    id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,

    id. Att. 13, 19, 5:

    qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?

    id. Or. 56, 188:

    neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,

    id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82:

    heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?

    Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7;

    9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,

    id. 2, 17, 32:

    in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—
    C.
    To fall upon a definite time (rare):

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere ( were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—
    D.
    (Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one ' s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).
    1.
    Alicui:

    nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,

    Cic. Quint. 16, 51:

    hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1:

    insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81:

    mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

    Verg. G. 4, 165:

    haec aliis maledicta cadant,

    Tib. 1, 6, 85:

    neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,

    Prop. 1, 10, 24:

    ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—
    2.
    Ab sol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.;

    Cic. Leg.2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset,

    how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24:

    aliorsum vota ceciderunt,

    Flor. 2, 4, 5:

    cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses,

    had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1:

    sane ita cadebat ut vellem,

    id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne:

    cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret,

    Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709:

    ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant,

    Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14:

    multa. fortuito in melius casura,

    Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.:

    si non omnia caderent secunda,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

    vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt,

    are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—
    3.
    With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. metaballei), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless:

    omnia in cassum cadunt,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166:

    ad irritum cadens spes,

    Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26:

    in irritum,

    id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.:

    ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,

    Liv. 2, 31, 5:

    haud irritae cecidere minae,

    id. 6, 35, 10.—
    E.
    To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen:

    cadunt vires,

    Lucr. 5, 410:

    mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,

    Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),
    F. 1.
    In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417:

    turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,

    Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

    atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

    tanta civitas, si cadet,

    id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

    huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

    Tac. H. 3, 13:

    non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?

    Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91:

    amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

    animus,

    to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347:

    non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,

    to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4:

    tam graviter,

    id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking:

    magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,

    Cic. Or. 28, 98:

    alte enim cadere non potest,

    id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one ' s cause or suit:

    causā cadere,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39:

    formulā cadere,

    Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in:

    ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.:

    cadere,

    Tac. H. 4, 6; and:

    criminibus repetundarum,

    id. ib. 1, 77:

    conjurationis crimine,

    id. A. 6, 14:

    ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,

    Ov. M. 13, 435:

    omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,

    remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.:

    at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,

    Prop. 1, 16, 34:

    multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,

    to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause;

    the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.— Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—
    2.
    Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.:

    cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,

    Ov. M. 8, 2:

    ventus premente nebulā cecidit,

    Liv. 29, 27, 10:

    cadente jam Euro,

    id. 25, 27, 11:

    venti vis omnis cecidit,

    id. 26, 39, 8:

    ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,

    id. 36, 43, 11; cf.:

    sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,

    Verg. A. 1, 154:

    ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,

    id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—
    G.
    Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close:

    verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,

    Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera [p. 260] sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31:

    plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,

    Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34:

    apto cadens oratio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32:

    numerus opportune cadens,

    id. 9, 4, 27:

    ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,

    id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = omoioptôta, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = omoioteleuta, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cado

  • 3 cado

    to fall, drop, plummet, topple.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > cado

  • 4 concido

    1.
    con-cĭdo, cĭdi, 3, v. n. [cado], to fall together, to fall down, to tumble to the ground (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    In gen., of buildings:

    conclave illud concidit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

    navis veluti terrestre machinamentum,

    Tac. A. 14, 6:

    turris terrae motu,

    Suet. Tib. 74; cf.:

    urbs acerbissimo concidat incendio conflagrata,

    Auct. Her. 4, 8, 12.—Of other objects:

    omne caelum,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 25, 27:

    ipse et equus ejus ante signum Jovis concidit,

    id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    (alces) infirmas arbores pondere adfligunt atque unā ipsae concidunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27:

    pinus bipenni Thessalā,

    Phaedr. 4, 7, 7:

    ad terram pondere vasto,

    Verg. A. 5, 448:

    sub onere,

    Liv. 24, 8, 17:

    pronus in fimo,

    Verg. A. 5, 333 al. —
    II.
    Pregn.
    A.
    To fall down faint or lifeless, to fall in battle or combat (cf. cado, I. B. 2.): concidit, et sonitum simul insuper arma dederunt, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 396 Vahl.):

    paene in cursu concidi,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 16:

    vi morbi coactus concidere,

    Lucr. 3, 488; cf.:

    accesserat ad religionem, quod consul concidit, et parte membrorum captus, etc.,

    Liv. 41, 16, 3; 10, 29, 7; cf. Lucr. 6, 759:

    Entellus concidit, ut quondam cava concidit... pinus,

    Verg. A. 5, 448; Ov. M. 7, 538:

    sanus bibit, statim concidit,

    Quint. 4, 2, 54; cf.:

    concidere epoto poculo,

    id. 5, 13, 15; and:

    ad primum gustum,

    Suet. Ner. 33:

    deficientibus viribus,

    id. Tib. 73:

    par quoddam (gladiatorum) mutuis ictibus,

    id. Claud. 34; cf. Ov. M. 5, 77:

    Dido usa manu,

    id. H. 7, 196:

    sparo percussus,

    Nep. Epam. 9, 1:

    in proelio,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:

    vitio adversariorum,

    Nep. Ages. 5, 2.—Of game:

    multaeque per herbas Conciderant illo percutiente ferae,

    Ov. H. 4, 94.—Of victims, to be slaughtered or slain, to fall:

    vitulus... propter mactatus concidit aras,

    Lucr. 2, 353; Tib. 1, 2, 62; Ov. M. 8, 764; 10, 272;

    hence also of Iphigenia,

    Lucr. 1, 99.—
    B.
    Trop. (cf. cado, II.), to lose strength, value, etc., to fall to the earth, to be overthrown, to fail, be defeated, to decay, perish, fall, to go to ruin, waste away, cease; of the wind, to fall, subside, go down:

    concidunt venti,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 30; Lucr. 4, 509. —Of a flame:

    jam illa flamma, quae magnā congerie convaluerat, diductis quibus alebatur, concidet,

    Quint. 5, 13, 13; cf. in a figure: nonne, ut ignis in aquam conjectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur, sic refervens falsum crimen in purissimam et castissimam vitam collatum statim concidit et restinguitur? Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17:

    macie,

    to shrink together, shrivel up, Ov. H. 21, 215:

    illas assumere robora gentes, Concidere has,

    id. M. 15, 422; cf.:

    concidit auguris Argivi domus,

    Hor. C. 3, 16, 11:

    quā concidit Ilia tellus,

    Verg. A. 11, 245:

    eodem anno, quo Carthago concidit,

    Vell. 1, 13:

    judicum vocibus fractus reus et unā patroni omnes conciderunt,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5; cf. id. ib. §

    10: ecquis umquam tam ex amplo statu concidit?

    id. ib. 3, 10, 2:

    malas causas semper obtinuit, in optimā concidit,

    id. ib. 7, 25 med.:

    concidit (Phocion) maxime uno crimine, quod, etc.,

    Nep. Phoc. 2, 4; Tac. A. 16, 21; cf.:

    Tiberii saevitiā,

    id. ib. 16, 29:

    hostes concidunt animis,

    are disheartened, Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 58, 119:

    scimus Romae solutione impeditā fidem concidisse,

    failed, was prostrated, id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

    opes Persarum,

    Tac. A. 12, 13:

    senatūs auctoritas,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 7; cf.:

    imperii majestas,

    Nep. Pelop. 2, 4; Cic. Or. 43, 148:

    artificia,

    id. Ac. 2, 47, 146:

    praeclara nomina artificum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

    omnis ferocia,

    Liv. 28, 26, 14:

    bellum,

    Tac. H. 2, 57 al.
    2.
    con-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut up, cut through, cut away, cut to pieces, to bring to ruin, destroy, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    nervos,

    Cic. Fl. 30, 73:

    corpus in partes,

    Petr. 141, 2:

    vitulum Ajax,

    id. 59 fin.:

    ligna,

    Ov. F. 2, 647:

    agrum umidiorem fossis,

    Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 47:

    concidere et cremare naves,

    to break up, Liv. 38, 39, 2:

    essedum argenteum,

    Suet. Claud. 16:

    haec minute,

    Col. 12, 22.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To cut to pieces, for to beat severely, cudgel soundly:

    aliquem virgis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 122:

    loris,

    Juv. 6, 413:

    pugnis,

    id. 3, 300.—
    2.
    To cut to pieces in war, to cut down, destroy, kill:

    hi novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem eorum fugientium conciderunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 11:

    eos inopinantes adgressus magnam partem eorum concidit,

    id. ib. 1, 12; so Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 9; id. Att. 5, 16, 4; Nep. Dion, 10, 1; id. Dat. 6, 6; id. Hann. 3, 4.—
    3.
    In mal. part. (cf. caedo, I. B. 3.), to lie with, Pompon. ap. Non. p. 166, 2;

    hence caede, concide, in a double sense as an address to gladiators,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 155 Zumpt; cf. Lampr. Elag. 10. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of discourse, to divide minutely, dismember, render feeble:

    nec minutos numeros sequens concidat delumbetque sententias,

    Cic. Or. 69, 231; cf.:

    (sunt qui) infringendis concidendisque numeris in quoddam genus abjectum incidant,

    id. ib. 69, 230; so also Quint. praef. § 24; cf. id. 3, 11, 21; 5, 10, 91; 11, 3, 53 al.—
    B.
    To strike down, to prostrate, ruin, destroy, annul, by word or deed:

    omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:

    Antonium decretis vestris,

    id. Phil. 5, 11, 28:

    Vatinium arbitratu nostro,

    to annihilate, id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 1; cf.:

    Sevius adlisus est, ceteri conciduntur,

    are condemned, id. ib. 2, 4, 6:

    Timocraten totis voluminibus,

    to confute, id. N. D. 1, 33, 93:

    testamentum,

    to revoke, Dig. 28, 4, 1.—
    * 2.
    In Plaut., to deceive, cheat, defraud:

    em istic homo te articulatim concidit,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 52 Ritschl.—Hence, concīsus, a, um, P. a. (in acc. with II. A.), divided, broken up, short, concise:

    sententiae,

    Cic. Brut. 17, 66:

    concisae et angustae disputationes,

    id. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

    brevitas,

    id. ib. 3, 53, 202:

    brevia illa atque concisa,

    Quint. 10, 7, 10; cf.

    thus with brevis,

    id. 6, 4, 2; and (opp. perpetuus) id. 2, 20, 7; 2, 21, 13; Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 327.— Transf. of the orator Thrasymachus, Cic. Or. 13, 40.— Comp.:

    insonuerit vox tubae longior atque concisior,

    Vulg. Jos. 6, 5.— Adv.: concīsē, briefly, concisely:

    (philosophia) non tam est minute atque concise in actionibus utendum, etc.,

    Quint. 12, 2, 11:

    ululare,

    Vulg. Num. 10, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > concido

  • 5 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 6 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 7 casu

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casu

  • 8 Casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Casus

  • 9 casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casus

  • 10 decido

    1.
    dē-cĭdo, cĭdi, 3, v. n. [cado], to fall off, fall down (class.).
    1.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    decido de lecto praeceps,

    Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 48; so,

    anguis decidit de tegulis,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 4, 26:

    poma ex arboribus decidunt,

    Cic. de Sen. 19 fin.; cf.:

    e flore guttae,

    Ov. M. 9, 345:

    equo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6;

    for which ex equo (in terram),

    Nep. Eum. 4;

    and ab equo (in arva),

    Ov. Ib. 259:

    summo toro,

    id. F. 2, 350:

    arbore glandes,

    id. M. 1, 106:

    caelo,

    Plin. 37, 10, 59, § 164; so,

    caelo,

    id. 2, 52, 53, § 138:

    in terras imber,

    Lucr. 6, 497; so,

    imber,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 29:

    celsae turres graviore casu,

    id. Od. 2, 10, 11:

    comae,

    id. ib. 4, 10, 3 et saep.:

    montium decidentium moles,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 3:

    (volucris) decidit in terram,

    Ov. M. 12, 569;

    so in terras sidus,

    id. ib. 14, 847:

    in puteum foveamve auceps,

    Hor. A. P. 458:

    in lacum fulmen,

    Suet. Galb. 8:

    in dolia serpens,

    Juv. 6, 432:

    in casses praeda,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 2:

    in laqueos suos auceps,

    id. Rem. Am. 502:

    in turbam praedonum hic fugiens,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 42:

    in praeceps,

    Ov. M. 12, 339:

    ad pedes tunica,

    Suet. Aug. 94. —
    B.
    Pregn. (like cado and concido), to fall down dead, to sink down, to die (in class. Lat. only poet.):

    morbo decidunt,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 143:

    nos ubi decidimus, Quo pater Aeneas,

    Hor. Od. 4, 7, 14:

    scriptor abhinc annos centum qui decidit,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 36:

    decidit exanimis vitamque reliquit in astris,

    Verg. A. 5, 517; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 125; and id. ib. 9, 755: (nupta) Decidit;

    in talum serpentis dente recepto,

    Ov. M. 10, 10.
    II.
    Trop., to fall, drop, fall away, fail, sink:

    quanta de spe decidi!

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9;

    for which quanta spe decidi!

    id. ib. 4, 8, 11; Suet. Oth. 5;

    and a spe societatis Prusiae,

    Liv. 37, 26:

    ex astris,

    Cic. Att. 2, 21, 4 (cf.: astrum, no. II. B. fin.):

    ego ab archetypo labor et decido,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 10, 1:

    eo decidit ut exsul de senatore fieret,

    has fallen so low, id. ib. 4, 11, 1: oculis captus in hanc fraudem decidisti (cf. katapiptein), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 101:

    ad eas rei familiaris angustias decidit, ut, etc.,

    Suet. Claud. 9 fin.; cf.:

    huc decidisse cuncta, ut, etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 59:

    ficta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt,

    perish, Cic. Off. 2, 12 fin.:

    non virtute hostium sed amicorum perfidia decidi,

    am fallen, defeated, Nep. Eum. 11 fin.:

    an toto pectore deciderim,

    wholly banished from her affections, Tib. 3, 1, 20 (cf. ek thumou peseein, Hom. Il. 23, 595):

    qui huc deciderunt,

    into this illness, Cels. 3, 21 fin.:

    in hydropa,

    id. ib. med.: in maximis necessitatibus, ad quas libidine deciderat, Schol. Juv. 5, 3.
    2.
    dē-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut off.
    I.
    Lit. (rare in ante-Aug. per.; more freq. abscīdo;

    not in Caes.): taleas oleaginas tripedaneas,

    Cato R. R. 45:

    collum,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 37:

    aures,

    Tac. A. 12, 14:

    virgam arbori,

    id. G. 10:

    caput,

    Curt. 7, 2;

    prov.: pennas,

    to clip the wings, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 50:

    malleolum,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 162:

    filicem nascentem falce,

    Col. 2, 2, 13; Sil. 4, 389 et saep.—
    B.
    Transf., to cudgel, beat soundly:

    aliquem verberibus decidere,

    Dig. 47, 21, 2.
    II.
    Trop., to decide a disputed, or, indeed, any matter (qs. to cut the knot; cf.:

    dirimo and secare lites, res,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 42; id. Sat. 1, 10, 15); to determine, settle, terminate, put an end to (class., most freq. in judic. lang.; cf.: transigo, paciscor).
    (α).
    With acc.: damnum, XII. Tab. 12, 4; Gai. Inst. 4, 37; 4, 45:

    quibus rebus actis atque decisis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45 fin.; cf.:

    decisa negotia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 59:

    res transactione decisa,

    Dig. 5, 2, 29;

    and jam decisa quaestio,

    ib. 18, 3, 4:

    decidis statuisque tu, quid iis ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 17; id. Rosc. Com. 11, 32; Dig. 47, 2, 63; cf. ib. 9, 4, 22, § 4:

    hoc loco praeter nomen cetera propriis decisa sunt verbis,

    i. e. decidedly, clearly expressed, Quint. 8, 6, 47: ego pol istam jam aliquovorsum tragulam decidero, I will now dispose of this dart one way or another, i. e. I will now put an end to this attack, these tricks, Plaut. Casin. 2, 4, 18.—
    (β).
    With praepp.:

    cum aliquo,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § [p. 520] 79; 2, 1, 48, § 125; id. Rosc. Am. 39, 114; Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 130:

    non erit uncia tota, decidat tecum qua pater ipse deum,

    for which Jupiter may compound with you, Mart. 9, 4, 6; cf.:

    cum patrono pecuniā,

    Dig. 12, 6, 26, § 12:

    de rebus,

    Cic. Quint. 5, 19; id. Rosc. Com. 12, 35 sq.; id. Att. 1, 8; Just. 31, 7: decidere jactu coepit cum ventis, to compound with the winds by throwing overboard (the cargo), Juv. 12, 33.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    in jugera singula ternis medimnis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48; id. Rosc. Com. 36; Aur. Vict. de Vir. Ill. 56, 4.—
    B.
    To cut down, reduce, diminish:

    ad tertiam partem vectigal,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decido

  • 11 excido

    1.
    ex-cĭdo, cĭdi, 3, v. n. [cado], to fall out or down, to fall from (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.: quod (animal) cum ex utero elapsum excidit, Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128:

    sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur,

    id. Att. 9, 10, 3:

    gladii de manibus exciderunt,

    id. Pis. 9 fin.; cf. id. Phil. 12, 3, 8; id. Cat. 1, 6 fin.;

    for which also: inter manus (urna),

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 22; and:

    a digitis (ansa),

    Ov. H. 16, 252:

    Palinurus exciderat puppi,

    Verg. A. 6, 339; cf.

    arce,

    Ov. F. 5, 34:

    equis,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1164:

    num qui nummi exciderunt, here, tibi, quod sic terram Obtuere?

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 17; cf. id. Cist. 4, 2, 8; id. Merc. 3, 1, 44; id. Poen. 1, 2, 48:

    volvae excidunt,

    Plin. 36, 21, 39, § 151.— Poet.:

    ita vinclis Excidet aut in aquas tenues dilapsus abibit,

    will slip out of the fetters, Verg. G. 4, 410:

    in flumen (elephanti, sc. e rate),

    Liv. 21, 28 fin.:

    cum Herculis pertractanti arma sagitta excidisset in pedem,

    Plin. 25, 6, 30, § 66:

    ante pedes (lingua resecta),

    Ov. Ib. 536.—
    B.
    In partic., of a lot, to fall of come out (very rare):

    ut cujusque sors exciderat,

    Liv. 21, 42, 3;

    and hence, transf.: nominibus in urnam conjectis, citari quod primum sorte nomen excidit,

    id. 23, 3, 7.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to fall out involuntarily, fall from, slip out, escape:

    verbum ex ore alicujus,

    Cic. Sull. 26; cf.:

    vox excidit ore: Venisti tandem, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 686:

    tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore?

    id. ib. 2, 658; cf.:

    scelus ore tuo,

    Ov. M. 7, 172:

    quod verbum tibi non excidit, ut saepe fit, fortuito,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 2 fin.; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 23; 7, 2, 52; 9, 4, 41 al.:

    libellus me imprudente et invito excidit,

    escaped me without my knowledge or desire, Cic. de Or. 1, 21; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 5:

    vox horrenda per auras excidit,

    Verg. A. 9, 113:

    et pariter vultusque deo plectrumque colorque Excidit,

    Ov. M. 2, 602; cf. id. ib. 4, 176:

    ut quodammodo victoria e manibus excideret,

    Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:

    (versus) qui in breves excidunt,

    i. e. which close, terminate, Quint. 9, 4, 106.— Poet.: in vitium libertas excidit, qs. falls away, sinks, = delabitur, Hor. A. P. 282.—
    B.
    In partic.
    * 1.
    To dissent, differ from any one's opinion: ego ab Archilocho excido, Lucil. ap. Non. 301, 18.—
    2.
    To pass away, be lost, perish, disappear:

    neque enim verendum est, ne quid excidat aut ne quid in terram defluat,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    primo miser excidit aevo,

    Prop. 3, 7, 7 (4, 6, 7 M.):

    nec vera virtus, cum semel excidit, etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 30:

    at non ingenio quaesitum nomen ab aevo Excidet,

    Prop. 3, 2, 24 (4, 1, 64 M.):

    excidit omnis luctus,

    Ov. M. 8, 448:

    ne Tarentinae quidem arcis excidit memoria,

    Liv. 27, 3 fin.; cf. the foll.—Esp.
    b.
    To fail, faint, swoon, lose one's self:

    excidit illa metu, rupitque novissima verba,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 5, 39; cf.: ut scias quemadmodum nunquam excidam mihi, lose control of myself (through drink), Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 1:

    quis me dolori reddit? quam bene excideram mihi!

    Sen. Hippol. 589 sq. —
    c.
    To slip out, escape from the memory:

    excidere de memoria,

    Liv. 29, 19 fin.:

    exciderat pacis mentio ex omnium animis,

    id. 34, 37; cf.

    animo,

    Verg. A. 1, 26; Ov. H. 20, 188;

    and pectore,

    id. Pont. 2, 4, 24:

    o miram memoriam, Pomponi, tuam! at mihi ista exciderant,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 46; so with dat.:

    quae cogitatio, cum mihi non omnino excidisset, etc.,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 7; Quint. 4, 5, 4; 10, 1, 75; Prop. 3 (4), 24, 20; 4 (5), 7, 15 et saep.; cf. with a subjectclause:

    non excidit mihi, scripsisse me, etc.,

    Quint. 2, 3, 10.— Absol.:

    quid? non haec varietas mira est, excidere proxima, vetera inhaerere? hesternorum immemores acta pueritiae recordari,

    id. 11, 2, 6; 1, 12, 6; 4, 2, 91; 4, 5, 2; cf. with inf. clause:

    si calore dicendi vitare id excidisset,

    id. 11, 3, 130; and with ut:

    excidit, ut peterem, etc.,

    i. e. I forgot to beg, Ov. M. 14, 139.—Rarely transf. to the person:

    excidens,

    who forgets, forgetful, Quint. 11, 2, 19:

    palam moneri excidentis est,

    id. 11, 3, 132.—
    3.
    (Ex) aliquā re, of persons, to be deprived of, to lose, miss, forfeit (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.;

    in Cic. not at all): ex familia,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104:

    uxore,

    to be disappointed of, Ter. And. 2, 5, 12:

    regno,

    Curt. 10, 5:

    quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis,

    failed in a great attempt, Ov. M. 2, 328; cf.:

    fine medicinae,

    Quint. 2, 17, 25:

    genere,

    id. 1, 5, 16: qui apud privatos judices plus petendo formula excidissent, i. e. who lost their suits (for the usual cadere formulā or [p. 677] causā;

    v. cado, II.),

    Suet. Claud. 14; Sen. Clem. 2, 3.
    2.
    ex-cīdo, īdi, īsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut out or off, to hew out, to cut or hew down (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    lapides e terra,

    Cic. Off. 2, 3 fin.:

    omnes arbores longe lateque,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 1; cf.:

    excisa enim est arbor, non evulsa,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 2: exciditur ilex (with percellunt magnas quercus), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. 194 ed. Vahl.):

    arborem e stirpe,

    Dig. 43, 27, 1:

    ericium,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 67 fin.:

    radicem,

    Plin. 17, 11, 16, § 82:

    columnas rupibus,

    Verg. A. 1, 428; cf.:

    rubos arvis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 5: linguam alicui, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1 fin.:

    partum mulieri,

    Dig. 11, 8, 2:

    os,

    Cels. 8, 3:

    virilitatem,

    i. e. to castrate, geld, Quint. 5, 12, 17;

    for which also, se,

    Ov. F. 4, 361; cf. Dig. 48, 8, 4 fin.:

    vias per montes,

    Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 125:

    latus rupis in antrum,

    Verg. A. 6, 42; cf.:

    vasa anaglypta in asperitatem,

    i. e. wrought with raised figures, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139: exciderat eum (sc. obeliscum) rex, majusque opus in devehendo statuendove multo quam in excidendo, i. e. cut out in the quarry, Plin. 36, 8, 14, § 67; absol., id. ib. § 65.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to raze, demolish, lay waste, destroy:

    qui domos inimicorum suorum oppugnavit, excidit, incendit,

    Cic. Sest. 44:

    Numantiam,

    id. Off. 1. 22, 76; cf.

    Trojam,

    Verg. A. 2, 637:

    urbem,

    id. ib. 12, 762:

    oppida,

    Lact. 1, 18, 8:

    Germaniam,

    Vell. 2, 123 fin.:

    agrum,

    id. 2, 115:

    exercitum,

    i. e. to cut to pieces, annihilate, id. 2, 120, 3.—
    II.
    Trop., to extirpate, remove, banish:

    aliquid ex animo,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43; cf.:

    iram animis, Sen. de Ira, 3, 1: aliquem numero civium,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > excido

  • 12 accidō

        accidō cidī, —, ere    [ad + cado], to fall upon, fall to, reach by falling: ut tela missa a Gallis gravius acciderent, Cs.: tela ab omni parte accidebant, L.—Of persons, to arrive, come: de inproviso, had come unexpectedly, S.: alqd simulare, quo inprovisus gravior accideret, that his attack might be a surprise, and more formidable, S. — Esp., to fall before, fall at the feet: ad genua accidit Lacrumans, T.: ad pedes omnium.—Of the senses, to strike, reach, come: nihil quod ad oculos animumque acciderit: ad aurīs tuas: unde nec ad nos nomen famaque eius accidere posset, reach, L.: auribus, L.: animo, T.— Absol, to come to the ears, come, be heard, be raised: clamor deinde accidit novus, L.: concitatior accidens clamor ab increscente certamine, L.: ut vox etiam ad hostes accideret (with acc. and inf.), L.—To befit, become, suit (poet.): istuc verbum vere in te accidit, was true of you, T.—Fig., to come to pass, happen, occur, fall out, take place, befall: res eo gravius ferre, quo minus merito accidissent, Cs.: si quid mali accidisset, S.: cum tantum periculi accidisset, Cs.: quae victis acciderent enumeravere, the fate of the conquered, S.: si gravius quid acciderit, if any calamity occur, Cs.: casu accidit ut: sic accidit, uti, etc., thus it happened, that, Cs. — Pleonast. in narrations: accidit ut esset luna plena, Cs.: neque saepe accidit, ut, etc., Cs.—Of what is fortunate or welcome: quid optatius populo R. accidere potuit, quam, etc.? interea aliquid acciderit boni, T.— Esp., si quid cui accidat, or si quid humanitus accidat, if anything should happen to one (euphemist. for die): si quid mihi humanitus accidisset: si quid ei gravius a Caesare accidisset, i. e. if Cœsar should put him to death, Cs.: si quid accidat Romanis, if the Romans are destroyed, Cs.—To end, result, turn out: contra opinionem, disappoint us, Cs.: peius victoribus quam victis accidisse, Cs.
    * * *
    I
    accidere, accidi, - V
    fall upon/down/to/at or near, descend, alight; happen, occur; happen to (DAT)
    II
    accidere, accidi, accisus V TRANS
    cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell; overthrow, destroy; cut short; weaken

    Latin-English dictionary > accidō

  • 13 concidō

        concidō cidī, —, ere    [cado], to fall together, fall down, tumble, fall to earth: conclave illud concidit: urbs uno incendio: pinus bipenni, Ph.: ad terram, V.: sub onere, L.: concidere miratur arator tauros, O.—To fall dead, be slain, fall: omnes advorsis volneribus conciderant, S.: sparo percussus, N.: in proelio: victima taurus Concidit, O. — Fig., to decline, fall, be overthrown, fail, be defeated, decay, perish, go to ruin, waste away, cease: concidunt venti, subside, H.: falsum crimen concidit: macie, to shrivel, O.: concidit auguris domus, H.: concidit (Phocion) maxime uno crimine, quod, etc., N.: scimus fidem concidisse, was prostrated: praeclara nomina artificum: omnis ferocia, L.: senatūs auctoritas: mente.
    * * *
    I
    concidere, concidi, - V INTRANS
    fall down/faint/dead/victim/to earth/short, collapse; drop, subside; decline; perish, be slain/sacrificed; lose one's case, fail, give out/lose heart, decay
    II
    concidere, concidi, concisus V TRANS
    cut/chop up/down/to pieces; crop; ruin, kill, destroy; divide minutely; beat

    Latin-English dictionary > concidō

  • 14 dēcidō

        dēcidō cidī, —, ere    [de + cado], to fall down, fall off, fall away: anguis decidit de tegulis, T.: poma ex arboribus: e flore guttae, O.: ex equis, N.: equo, Cs.: in terras sidus, O.: in puteum auceps, H.: in turbam praedonum hic fugiens, H.: in praeceps, O. — To fall down dead, sink down, die: Decidit exanimis vitamque reliquit in astris, V.: nos ubi decidimus, Quo pater Aeneas, passed to that bourne, H. — Fig., to fall, drop, fall away, fail, sink, perish: quantā de spe decidi! T.: a spe societatis Prusiae, L.: ex astris: toto pectore, out of one's affections, Tb.: in hanc fraudem: ficta omnia celeriter tamquam flosculi decidunt: non virtute hostium sed amicorum perfidiā decidi, N.
    * * *
    I
    decidere, decidi, - V INTRANS
    fall/drop/hang/flow down/off/over; sink/drop; fail, fall in ruin; end up; die
    II
    decidere, decidi, decisus V TRANS
    detach, cut off/out/down; fell; cut/notch/carve to delineate; flog thoroughly; make explicit; put an end to, bring to conclusion, settle/decide/agree (on)

    Latin-English dictionary > dēcidō

  • 15 excidō

        excidō cidī, —, ere    [ex + cado], to fall out, drop down, fall away: sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur: dentīs Excidere videre, H.: mihi Excidit cera, from my hand, O.: Palinurus Exciderat puppi, V.: in flumen (sc. e rate), L.: vinclis, to slip out, V.: ut cuiusque sors exciderat, fell out, L.—Fig., to fall out, fall away, slip out, escape: verbum ex ore huius: scelus ore tuo, O.: quod verbum tibi non excidit fortuito: vox per auras Excidit, V.: in vitium libertas excidit, sinks, H.— To pass away, be lost, perish, disappear, be forgotten: neque verendum est, ne quid excidat: virtus, cum semel excidit, etc., H.: excidit omnis luctus, O.: arcis memoria, L.: animo, V.: mihi ista exciderant, I had forgotten: cogitatio, cum mihi excidisset: excidit, ut peterem, etc., i. e. I forgot, O.— Of persons, to be deprived of, lose, miss, forfeit, fail to obtain: erus uxore excidit, T.: magnis excidit ausis, O.: regno, Cu.
    * * *
    I
    excidere, excidi, - V
    perish; disappear; escape, fall out; be deprived of; lose control of senses
    II
    excidere, excidi, excisus V
    cut out/off/down; raze, destroy

    Latin-English dictionary > excidō

  • 16 incidō

        incidō cidī, —, ere    [1 in+cado], to fall in, fall, light, strike, reach, find the way: umeri surgunt quā tegmina summa, incidit (hasta), V.: Incidit spatium rhombi Implevitque sinūs, i. e. happens into a net, Iu.: in foveam: incidentibus vobis in vallum, L.: in laqueos, Iu.: incidit ictus ad terram Turnus, V.: (turris) super agmina late Incidit, V.: incidens portis exercitus, rushing at, L.: caput incidit arae, O.: ruinae nostris capitibus incident, L.: navigiis incidit Eurus, V.: hi amnes incidunt flumini, fall into, L.: modo serius incidis (sol) undis, sink under, O.—To light upon, meet, come upon, fall in with: in me: in ipsum Caesarem, Cs.: inter catervas armatorum, L.: homini improviso: Incidit huic bellator, V.—To fall upon, attack, assault: in hostem, L.: ultimis incidebat Romanus, L.—Fig., to fall into, incur, contract, become involved: in malum, T.: in morbum: in aes alienum: in honoris contentionem: qui inciderant (sc. in morbum), L.—To fall upon, befall, strike, affect, visit, occur: seu valetudo inciderit seu senectus, H.: pestilentia incidit in urbem, L.: Ut numquam amori incidere possit calamitas, T.: terror incidit eius exercitui, Cs.: ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.: fortes quibus bellum incidit, H.: Animo deus ineidit, V.—Of the mind, etc., to fall, light, be led: casu in eorum mentionem incidi: in varios sermones: fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse.—Of a subject of thought, to come, occur, be presented, be recalled, arise: quodcumque in mentem incideret: utinam ne Phormioni id suadere in mentem incidisset, T.: potantibus his apud Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio, L.—To fall out, happen, occur: si qua bella inciderint, break out, Cs.: calamitas incidisse videtur: eorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere contentio: forte ita inciderat, ne, etc., L.: omnia in nostram aetatem inciderunt: in eadem rei p. tempora: in Kalendas: in te praetorem, i. e. your term.—To fall in with, coincide, agree with: in Diodorum.
    * * *
    incidere, incidi, incasus V
    happen; fall into, fall in with, meet; fall upon, assail

    Latin-English dictionary > incidō

  • 17 intercidō

        intercidō idī,—,ere    [inter+cado], to fall between: inter arma corporaque intercidente telo, L.—To occur meanwhile, happen: si quae interciderunt, etc.—Fig., to fall to the ground, perish: pereant amici, dum unā inimici intercidant, Poët. ap. C.—To drop out, be lost, be forgotten: memoriā, L.: nomen longis intercidit annis, O.: Quod si interciderit tibi nunc aliquid, escapes you (i. e. your memory), H.: intercidere nomina, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    intercidere, intercidi, - V
    happen; perish; fall from memory, cease to exist
    II
    intercidere, intercidi, intercisus V
    cut through, sever

    Latin-English dictionary > intercidō

  • 18 linquō

        linquō līquī, —, ere    [LIC-], to go away, leave, quit, forsake, depart from: Linquebat comite ancillā, Iu.: terrani: Nil intentatum nostri liquere poetae, H.: nil inausum, i. e. try everything, V.: trepidantem liquerunt nervi, strength forsook him, O.: Linquor et cado, swoon away, O.: Linquebant dulcīs animas, died, V.: Socios, abandon, V.: promissa procellae, i. e. not to keep, Ct.: alquem Seminecem, V.—Fig., to leave, give up, resign, abandon, relinquish: haec: Linque severa, H.
    * * *
    linquere, linqui, lictus V
    leave, quit, forsake; abandon, desist from; allow to remain in place; bequeath

    Latin-English dictionary > linquō

  • 19 occidō

        occidō cidī, cāsus, ere    [ob+cado], to fall down, fall: ut alii super alios occiderent, L.— To go down, set: iam occidente sole, Pac. ap. C.: donec lux occidat, Iu.—To fall, perish, die, be slain: quā (securi) multi occiderunt: pro patriā: hostium saevitiā, S.: dextrā suā, V.: minimo volnere, O.: unā occidendum nobis esse (cum imperio), S.—Fig., to decline, end: vita occidens, the evening of life: ne sacrorum memoria occideret, be lost.—To perish, be ruined, be lost: sin plane occidimus: occidi, I am undone, T.: funditus, V.: omnia generis insignia occiderunt: vestra beneficia occasura esse.
    * * *
    I
    occidere, occidi, occasus V
    fall, fall down; perish, die, be slain; be ruined/done for, decline, end
    II
    occidere, occidi, occisus V
    kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/knock down; weary, be the death/ruin of

    Latin-English dictionary > occidō

  • 20 prōcidō

        prōcidō idī, —, ere    [pro+cado], to fall forward, fall down, fall prostrate: ad pedes Achilleï, H.: universi prociderunt, L.: cupressus Procidit late, H.
    * * *
    procidere, procidi, - V
    fall prostrate, collapse

    Latin-English dictionary > prōcidō

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  • cado — cà·do s.m. 1. TS stor. nell antichità classica, vaso d argilla con forma allungata e imboccatura stretta usato per conservare il vino 2. TS metrol. antica unità di misura per liquidi {{line}} {{/line}} DATA: 1Є metà XIV sec. ETIMO: dal lat.… …   Dizionario italiano

  • cado — pl.m. cadi …   Dizionario dei sinonimi e contrari

  • cado — sustantivo masculino Aragón madriguera, guarida*, manida, cubil, cao (Aragón). * * * Sinónimos: ■ guarida, madriguera …   Diccionario de sinónimos y antónimos

  • Cado'do — Estamos comiendo (nosotros) …   Vocabulario del idioma zapoteco istmeño

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