events

tempus, ŏris ( abl. temp. tempori or temperi; v. infra), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root tem-; Gr. temnô; prop. a section; hence, in partic., of time].

Lit., a portion or period of time, a time:

tempus diei,

daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116:

extremum diei,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.:

matutina tempora,

morning hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

anni tempora,

the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.:

quam (Ennam) circa sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

maturius paulo, quam tempus anni postulabat, in hiberna exercitum deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

erat hibernum tempus anni,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—

Esp. of the time intervening between two events, etc., an interval, period, time:

longo post tempore,

Verg. E. 1, 68:

magno post tempore,

Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1:

brevi post tempore,

id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6:

parvo post tempore,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.:

longis temporibus ante,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—

Transf., time, in general.

Lit.

In gen.:

tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

tempus esse dicunt intervallum mundi motus: id divisum in partes aliquot, maxime ab solis et lunae cursu: itaque ab eorum tenore temperato tempus dictum,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, quod rite dicitur tempus, Cic. Univ. 9 fin.:

neque ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

vix huic tantulae epistulae tempus habui,

id. Att. 1, 14, 1:

egeo tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:

unius horae tempus,

Liv. 44, 9, 4:

aliquot dierum tempus amisit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5:

tempus duorum mensium petere ad delectus habendos,

Liv. 29, 5, 7:

triginta dierum tempus petens, ut, etc.,

id. 38, 37, 10:

tempus, pacis an belli, festinationis an otii,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut tempora postulabant belli,

Liv. 24, 8, 7:

nec belli tantum temporibus, sed etiam in pace,

id. 35, 28, 1:

temporibus Punici belli,

Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11:

mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

erit, erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet ille aliquando dies, cum, etc.,

id. Mil. 26, 69:

ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti,

id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur,

Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13:

tempore, quo in homine non ut nunc omnia consentientia,

id. 2, 32, 9:

privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint,

id. 3, 20, 4:

per idem tempus,

Cic. Brut. 83, 286:

quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram,

at that time, id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

scripta in aliquod tempus reponantur,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

non tantulum Umquam intermittit tempus, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32:

uno et eodem temporis puncto nati... nascendi tempus,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.:

alienum tempus est mihi tecum expostulandi,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 6:

dare tempus exponendi de aliquā re,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3:

committendi proelii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19:

edendi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

curandi,

id. ib. 1, 2, 39:

tyranno ad consultandum tempus datum est,

Liv. 34, 33, 5:

datum cum iis conloquendi tempus,

id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.:

id certis temporibus futurum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus nihil nisi, etc., agebant,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

illis temporibus,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

temporibus illis,

id. Arch. 3, 6. —

In partic., the time, i. e. the fitting or appointed time, the right season, proper period, opportunity, = kairos:

nunc occasio est et tempus,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3:

tempus maximum est, ut, etc.,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 9:

spero ego, mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratiam referam parem,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.:

tempus habes tale, quale nemo habuit umquam,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

dicas: tempus maxumum esse ut eat domum,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8:

nunc hora, viri, nunc tempus: adeste,

Sil. 11, 194:

consul paulisper addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis tempus esset,

Liv. 8, 10, 1:

cum jam moriendi tempus urgueret,

was close at hand, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

verno inserentis tempus urguet,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: tempus est, with inf.:

sed jam tempus est, ad id quod instituimus accedere,

Cic. Top. 1, 5:

dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 181:

conari etiam majora,

Liv. 6, 18, 12:

nunc corpora curare tempus est,

id. 21, 54, 2:

tibi abire,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215:

jam tempus agi res,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

tempus est jam hinc abire me,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:

suo tempore,

at a fitting time, id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—

tempŏra, um (less freq. in the sing. tempus), after the Gr. ta kairia (prop. the right place, the fatal spot), the temples of the head; plur.:

duae suturae super aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt,

Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.— Sing.:

contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit tempus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.— Poet., transf., the face, visage in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).— The head:

jacuit pulsus tria tempora ramo Cacus,

upon his three heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.:

tremulum movens Cana tempus anilitas Omnia omnibus annuit,

Cat. 61, 162. —

Transf.

The time in its moral aspects; the state of the times, position, state, condition; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of dangerous or distressful cir cumstances):

si ad tuum tempus perduci tur, facilis gubernatio est,

time of administration, consulship, Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2:

omne meum tempus amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi... et meus labor in privatorum periculis versatus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

quid a me cujusque tempus poscat,

id. Planc. 32, 79:

tempori meo defuerunt,

my necessity, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

qui tot annos ita vivo, ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut, etc.,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

nisi forte temporis causā nobis adsentiebare,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

neque poëtae tempori meo defuerunt,

id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.:

suscipere onus laboris atque officii ex necessariorum tempore,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5:

in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

tempore summo rei publicae,

id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod tempus,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conparare,

Sall. C. 30, 5:

o saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte,

to the last extremity, Hor. C. 2, 7, 1:

eae (res) contra nos faciunt in hoc tempore,

at the present time, under the present circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.:

nec miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,

Lucr. 1, 93:

indignatus, dici ea in tali tempore audirique,

Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.:

incidunt saepe tempora, cum ea, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:

omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt,

id. Clu. 50, 139:

tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, quis scit? mihi quidem turbulenta videntur fore,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

scripsi versibus tres libros de temporibus meis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. §

11: dubia formidolosaque tempora,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

cedere temporibus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

Madates erat regionis praefectus, haud sane temporum homo,

Curt. 5, 3, 4.—

Time in poetry and rhetoric, i. e. measure, quantity:

idem facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.:

tempora certa modique,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 58:

rhythmi spatio temporum constant,

Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq. —

In gram., a tense of a verb, Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—

Adverb. phrases.

tempŏrē, and more freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the right or fitting time, at the appointed time, in time, betimes, timely, seasonably:

rogat, satisne tempori opera sient confecta,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.:

qui vult sua tempori conficere officia,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid tempori, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22:

sequimini, ut, quod imperatum est, veniam advorsum temperi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.:

temperi huic anteveni,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 66:

temperi ego faxo scies,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 153:

ut cenam coqueret temperi,

id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning allusion to the meaning temple (v. supra): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate nunc jam, quantum lubet. Co. Temperi:

postquam implevisti fusti fissorum caput,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6:

ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1:

temporis ars medicina fere est: data tempore prosunt, Et data non apto tempore vina nocent,

Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.:

tempore abest,

id. H. 4, 109.— Comp.:

memini te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: cetera eodem modo,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8:

modo surgis Eoo Temperius caelo, modo serius incidis undis,

more betimes, earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198:

ut propter cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant,

Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—

Form tempore, in time, with the progress of time, gradually:

tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri,... Tempore paret equus habenis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —

Ad tempus.

At the right or appointed time, in time:

ad tempus redire,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2:

ad tempus venire,

Liv. 38, 25:

ad tempus ei mendacium vestrum accommodavistis,

Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—

For some time, for the time being, for a while, for the moment:

quae (perturbatio animi) plerumque brevis est et ad tempus,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

coli ad tempus,

id. Lael. 15, 53: [p. 1852] dux ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.:

ad breve (sc. tempus),

Suet. Tib. 68. —

Ante tempus, before the right time, too soon:

ante tempus mori miserum esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11:

ante tempus domo digressus,

Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.:

sero post tempus venis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—

Ex tempore, instantaneously, forthwith, on the spur of the moment, extempore:

versus fundere ex tempore,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore,

id. Arch. 8, 18:

scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—

According to circumstances:

expedire rem et consilium ex tempore capere posse,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33:

haec melius ex re et ex tempore constitues,

id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—

In tempore, at the right, proper, or appropriate time, in time:

in tempore ad eam veni,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123:

in ipso tempore eccum ipsum,

in the nick of time, id. And. 3, 2, 52:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5, 2:

in tempore memorare,

Tac. A. 1, 58 fin. —

In tempus, for a time, temporarily:

scena in tempus structa,

Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.:

in omne tempus,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—

Per tempus, at the right time, in time:

non potuisti magis per tempus mihi advenire quam advenis,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.:

per tempus subvenistis mihi,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—

Pro tempore, according to circumstances:

consilium pro tempore et pro re capere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

pauca pro tempore milites hortatus,

Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.

tunc, adv. demonstr., of time [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], then, at that time; but in ante-class. and class. prose tunc is always emphatic, and generally refers to a point of time. In post-Aug. style tunc freq. occurs without emphasis, and is freely used of periods of time. Tunc = deinde occurs first in the class. per. and rarely in prose; but is very freq. after the Aug. per. Tunc in mere co-ordinative use is very rare and not ante-class. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled with an emphatic or temporal particle is very rare in class. prose, but freq. in the postAug. period. Poets often use tunc instead of tum before vowels for the sake of the metre. In general, tunc is not freq. till after the Aug. period. Cic. has tum about thirty times as often as tunc; Caes. has tunc only five times; Livy, in the first two books, has tunc five times, tum eighty-two times; but Val. Max. has tunc four times as often as tum. Sen. almost always has tunc; tum only in a few passages, mostly in co ordinative use. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, tunc largely predominates; but Nep. has tunc once only, and Tac., who employs both words sparingly, has tum oftener than tunc. The Codd. very freq. vary between the words, and in many passages the reading is still doubtful. Undue weight has been given by some critics to opposition to nunc and connection with cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and tunc are freq. opposed to nunc, and connected with cum.

Referring an event to a time before mentioned.

To definite past time.

To a period of time, = illis temporibus (only post-Aug.):

tunc melius tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exigua ligneus aede deus,

Tib. 1, 10, 19:

nulli tunc subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 5:

sed tunc clarissimus quisque juvenum pro amplificanda patria plurimum periculi sustinebat,

id. 3, 2, 6:

nunc quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant qua tunc consul non erubuit,

id. 4, 3, 7:

quo pacto inter amicos viguisse tunc justitiam credimus, cum inter accusatores quoque, etc.,

id. 6, 5, 6:

si vere aestimare Macedonas qui tunc erant volumus, fatebimur, etc.,

Curt. 4, 16, 33:

sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant,

Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—

Referring to a point of time spoken of: cives Romani [p. 1914] tunc facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine tunc lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): tunc ipsos adoriant, ne quis Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.):

(Sulla) statim ex iis rebus quas tunc vendebat jussit ei praemium tribui, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

neque ego tunc princeps ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc.,

id. Sull. 3, 9:

his tunc cognitis rebus amici regis his... liberaliter responderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

tunc duces Nerviorum... colloqui sese velle dicunt,

at this time, id. B. G. 5, 41:

quod se facturos minabantur, aegreque tunc sunt retenti quin oppidum irrumperent,

id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.:

Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat,

Liv. 22, 24, 1:

itaque cum in ipsum, et innocentia tutum et magistratu in quo tunc erat, impetus fieri non posset, etc.,

id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10;

44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas,

Ov. M. 2, 679:

tunc ego nec cithara poteram gaudere sonora, nec, etc.,

Tib. 3, 4, 69:

tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C. Maecenas,

Vell. 2, 88, 2:

forte evenit ut tunc summae dignitatis ibi femina veneno consumere se destinarit,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:

qui tunc Libitinam exercebant,

id. 5, 2, 10:

Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos tunc Romanis, confugit,

id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.;

8, 1 damn. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum sacrum anniversarium more patrio tunc venerant,

Curt. 4, 2, 10:

et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor, etc.,

id. 3, 5, 1:

perierat imperium, quod tunc in extremo stabat, si Fabius, etc.,

Sen. Troad. 1, 11, 5:

tunc,distractis Orientis viribus, casus Mithridati datus est occupandi Armeniam,

Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

quidam ex eis qui tunc egerant, decesserunt,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3:

ardente tunc in Africa bello,

Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21:

Asiam tunc tenebat imperio rex Darius,

Gell. 17, 9, 20:

hostes tunc populi Romani fuerant Fidenates,

id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by anaphora:

tunc victus abiere feri, tunc consita pomus, tunc bibit inriguas fertilis hortus aquas, Aurea tunc pressos, etc.,

Tib. 2, 1, 43:

tunc Parmenio et Philotas, tunc Amyntas consobrinus, tunc noverca fratresque interfecti, tunc Attalus, Eurylochus... occurrebant,

Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively:

regem tunc Lacedaemoniorum,

Just. 6, 2, 4.—

Referring to a state no longer in existence:

silvae tunc circa viam erant, plerisque incultis,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium,

id. 45, 28, 2:

hic (Curio) primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro republica, mox... pro Caesare stetit,

Vell. 2, 48, 3:

certissimum tunc proscriptorum perfugium penetravit,

Val. Max. 7, 3, 9:

docuit in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat,

Suet. Gram. 17: tunc (i. e. olim) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat autem tunc mos ut cum princeps causam cognosceret... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—

Expressly opposed to present time: tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423;

ea lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia,

Cic. Clu. 56, 154:

cum vero causam justam deus ipse dederit, ut tunc Socrati, nunc Catoni, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus?

Liv. 34, 6, 18:

munitiones et locis opportunioribus tunc fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. quam nunc),

id. 36, 17, 4:

parva nunc res videri potest quae tunc patres ac plebem accendit,

id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5:

Macedones milites ea tunc erant fama qua nunc Romani feruntur,

Nep. Eum. 3, 4: nunc solvo poenas;

tunc tibi inferias dedi,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

nunc haberent socios quos tunc hostes habuerant,

Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9:

hoc tunc Veii fuere, nunc fuisse quis meminit?

Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And tunc and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui ager nunc multo pluris est quam tunc fuit. Tum enim, etc., nunc, etc.;

tum erat ager incultus, nunc est cultissimus,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos etiamsi tunc faciendum non fuerit, nunc utique faciendum putatis;

ego contra, etiamsi tum migrandum fuisset, nunc has ruipas relinquendas non censerem,

Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in such connections tum generally refers to a previous tunc, rarely vice versa).—

Opposed to a previous or a later time:

quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis tunc invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. etsi non postea),

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

raro alias tribuni popularis oratio acceptior plebi quam tunc severissimi consulis fuit,

Liv. 3, 69, 1:

(Syphax) tunc accessio Punici belli fuerat, sicut Gentius Macedonici,

id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10:

non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum fortius quam tunc a Caesare,

Vell. 2, 80, 3:

et tunc Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et deinceps, etc.,

Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2:

praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga,

Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18:

Cilicum nationes saepe et alias commotae, tunc Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere,

Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58:

ob res et tunc in Africa, et olim in Germania gestas,

Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4:

idem tunc Faesulae quod Carrhae nuper,

Flor. 1, 5, 8.—

In general statements, applied to the actual state of affairs:

mos est regibus quotiens in societatem coeant, pollices inter se vincire, etc. Sed tunc, qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse simulans, genua Mithridatis invadit,

Tac. A. 12, 47:

legebatur ergo ibi tunc in carmine Latino, etc.,

Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters then stood:

aptissimum tempus fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: tunc haec ipsa indignitas angebat animos,

Liv. 4, 51, 6.—

Of coincidence in time: tunc = cum hoc fieret, on that occasion:

quodsi tu tunc, Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

tunc Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, nunc a vobis ipsis accusati sumus,

Liv. 39, 36, 7:

jam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc... clamore adjuvant militem suum,

while he was doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17:

sed neque... nubes Tunc habuit, nec... imbres,

Ov. M. 2, 310:

quid mihi tunc animi fuit?

id. ib. 7, 582:

quid mihi tunc animi credis, germane, fuisse?

id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31:

quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatus trepidatio... neque mihi exprimere vacat, neque, etc.,

Vell. 2, 124, 1:

non Catoni tunc praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est,

Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1;

9, 3, 1: tunc ego dicere debui,

Sen. Ep. 63, 15:

non possum dicere aliud tunc mihi quam deos adfuisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5:

tunc domus priscorum ducum arserunt,

Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-ordinate: sanguine tunc (Phaethontis) credunt... Tum facta'st Libya... arida;

tum, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: tunc... sorores Debuerant, etc.;

Tum potui Medea mori bene,

id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed action at a definite time:

nobis tunc repente trepidandum in acie instruenda erat,

if we had accepted the battle then, Liv. 44, 38, 11.—

Redundant (post-class.):

id quale fuerit, neque ipse tunc prodidit, neque cuiquam facile succurrat,

Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9.—

= nunc, in oblique discourse (rare):

quod si consulatus tanta dulcedo sit, jam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribunicia potestate esse,

Liv. 2, 54, 5:

ut cum multis saeculis murus urbi civium virtus fuerit, tunc cives salvos se fore non existimaverint nisi intra muros laterent,

Just. 14, 5, 7.—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc.; at such a season:

tunc (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere secundum terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 27:

ab eo in fastis dies hordicalia nominantur, quod tunc hordae boves immolantur,

id. ib. 2, 5:

omnes (nubes sol) enim sub se tunc (= medio die),

Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7:

tunc enim maximae et integrae adhuc nives (= aestate prima),

id. ib. 4, 2, 21:

et tunc potest ventis concitari mare,

id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause:

tunc ignes tenuissimi iter exile designant et caelo producunt, of shooting stars,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: nemo observat lunam nisi laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, tunc pro se quisque superstitione vana trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2:

adjuvari se tunc (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine,

id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si ancilla ex cive Romand conceperit, deinde civis Romana facta sit, et tunc pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3.—

With the force of a conditional clause, in this instance: Tr. Erus peregre venit. Si. Tunc tibi actutum chorda tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum):

dominae mentem convertite... Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidera et amnes Posse, etc.,

Prop. 1, 1, 23:

itaque tunc dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent),

Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22:

cuperem tecum communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: tunc amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem,

Sen. Ep. 6, 2: nemo est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc mala consilia agitant, tunc aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt;

tunc cupiditates improbas ordinant, tunc... tunc... denique, etc.,

id. ib. 10, 2;

7, 2: tunc enim (i. e. si cottidie reputes) subit recordatio: Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!

Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

propter liberos retentio fit (dotis) si culpa mulieris divortium factum sit, tunc enim sextae retinentur ex dote,

Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a femina manumissa sit: tunc enim e lege Atilia petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep.—

Referring to future time.

In gen.: tunc illud vexillum... coloniae Capuae inferetur;

tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86:

tunc, ut quaeque causa crit statuetis, nunc libertatem repeti satis est,

Liv. 3, 53, 10:

senatus consultum adjectum est ut... praetor qui tunc esset... apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur... jusjurandum daret, etc.,

id. 41, 9, 11:

nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti... Tunc operata deo pubes discumbet in herba, etc.,

Tib. 2, 5, 95:

tunc interea tempus exercitus ex hoc loco educendi habebis,

Gell. 3, 7, 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause:

tunc me biremis Tutum... Aura feret geminusque Pollux (i. e. si mugiat malus procellis),

Hor. C. 3, 29, 62:

vectabor umeris tunc ego inimicis eques (i. e. si hoc feceris),

id. Epod. 17, 74:

tunc tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis tibi),

id. A. P. 103:

tunc ego jurabo quaevis tibi numina... Tunc ego... Efficiam, etc.,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 319:

tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero,

id. ib. 17 (18), 210.—

Representing sequence or succession in events, = deinde.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (rare till after the Aug. per.;

in Cic. perh. only in the foll. passages): Herodotus cum Roma reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV dies longum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130:

veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi ille dixit quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:

dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc ille a me petivit, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is finis pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8:

tandem curia excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae,

id. 45, 25, 1:

equites, relictis equis, provolant ante signa... Tunc inter priores duorum populorum res geritur,

id. 7, 8, 1:

iterum deinde interpellatus, in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum inde se... minatus est,

Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1:

Dareum XXX inde stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere agmen jubet,

Curt. 3, 8, 24:

contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias,

Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; [p. 1915] Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26.—

Before an abl. absol. (postclass.):

statuunt tempus quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, signo inter se dato, inrumpunt contubernia,

Tac. A. 1, 48:

tunc, Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui quadriduum impendit,

Suet. Aug. 98:

tunc, exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat,

Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6.—

Implying a consequence, then, under these circumstances, hence, accordingly:

caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa acies suos fugere videbat. Tunc Rebilus; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides;

quid dubitas, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 34:

animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc Caesar apud suos Differendum est iter, inquit, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 85:

omnium spe celerius Saguntum oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10:

Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc illuc impia turba fugit. Tunc niger in porta serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,

Tib. 1, 3, 71:

apud patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem nisi Germanici sapientia conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae,

Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11.—Emphatically, = tum vero:

donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est implicitus. Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces ut, etc.,

Liv. 1, 31, 6.—And = tum primum:

multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci pertinacia coepta, et averti manipuli quidam,

Liv. 9, 39, 10. —

In enumerations with tum... deinde... postea, etc.

In gen. (postclass.): ante omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis dextans... cogeretur; deinde ut ingratorum, etc.;

tunc ut lege majestatis facta omnia... tenerentur,

Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so,

tunc... deinde... tunc, etc.,

Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13:

tunc... tunc... deinde... tunc,

id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88.—With tum: terras primum situmque earum quaerit; deinde condicionem maris;

tunc quidquid inter caelum terrasque interjacet perspicit... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad summa prorumpit,

Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3.—

Of successive speakers in dialogue (rare):

tu vero abi, inquit, etc. Tunc Mucius Quandoquidem, inquit, est apud te virtuti honos, etc.,

Liv. 2, 12, 15:

apud quem Valerius in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc Collatinus Quaero inquit, etc.,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 2.—With tum:

tunc poeta... inquit, etc. Tum Fronto ita respondit, etc.,

Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4.—

In co-ordination (very rare).

= praeterea, and then:

(Romulus) hoc consilio fultus... locupletari civis non destitit. Tunc, id quod retinemus hodie magna cum salute rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.:

praeter has, frugalitas et continentia... splendorem illi suum adfunderent. Tunc providentia cum elegantia quantum decoris illi adderent!

Sen. Ep. 115, 3.—

In the connection cum... tunc (v. tum, I. C. 3.):

vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc.,

Juv. 9, 118 ( poet. for tum, on account of the foll. vowel).—

Vid. tunc etiam, III. B. 7. b.

As correlative of dependent clauses.

Of temporal clauses with cum.

Referring to definite past time.

Tunc as antecedent of the clause:

set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis quom hinc abit?

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108:

etiamne in ara tunc sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's ire?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 8:

quo damnato tunc, cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22:

etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiscebatur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 43, §

111: atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat: vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo nisi qui voluit,

id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetenda patria, ut postero die ad Gabios, tunc cum effecerint ne quis hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9:

et quod tunc fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italia haberemus, id nunc, pulso Hannibale, cunctamur facere?

id. 31, 7, 5:

infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas,

Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.):

prudenter sensit tunc incrementum Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum intra septimum lapidem triumphi quaerebantur,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 10:

quorum nihil tunc cum diceretur parum aptum fuit,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1.—

Introducing the apodosis.

Of coincident actions:

cum jam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubie esset... tunc injecta trepidatio,

Liv. 44, 28, 10.—

= deinde:

adversus singula quaeque cum respondere haud facile esset, et quereretur... purgaretque se invicem, tunc Papirius, redintegrata ira, virgas et secures expediri jussit,

Liv. 8, 32, 10:

divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes, imperavissetque, etc., tunc qui in eo castello fuerunt... noluerunt imperio parere,

Vitr. 2, 9, 15:

cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum cacumen teneri, tunc hortatur socios, recedant,

Just. 2, 11, 5.—

Of definite present time, tunc is not found; v. tum.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent:

arbitror, quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus,

Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19):

tunc obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc.,

id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; id. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi, only... when, never... unless (= tote dê), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Mull. tum):

deum tunc adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant,

Quint. 10, 7, 14:

tunc est commovendum theatrum cum ventum est ad illud Plodite,

id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3:

voluptas tunc, cum maxime delectat, exstinguitur,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38:

in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae tunc in peculio fuit cum sententiam dicebat,

Dig. 5, 1, 15: tunc cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento fore heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34.—

Introducing the apodosis:

cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa... collocentur,

Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2;

3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, tunc maxime serendas ficus,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9.—

Referring to future time:

ex ceteris autem generibus tunc pecunia expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: tunc inter eas fore finem belli dixit cum alterutra urbs in habitum pulveris esset redacta,

Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3:

poterant videri tunc incohanda cum omnia quae... peregissem,

Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33; v. infra, III. A. 2. b.—

With temporal clauses introduced by ubi (rare).

Of definite past time:

ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni,

Liv. 4, 55, 2:

haec ubi convenerunt, tunc vero Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere,

id. 25, 8, 9.—

Of indefinite time.

As antecedent:

tunc autem est consummata infelicitas, ubi turpia non solum delectant, sed etiam placent,

Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19.—

In apodosis:

stillicidia ubi plura coiere et turba vires dedit, tunc fluere et ire dicuntur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2.—

With temporal clauses introduced by postquam (posteaquam); rare.

Of definite past time:

posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus ut, etc.,

Vitr. 10, 16, 7 (but in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum).—

Of indefinite time: si vero posteaquam eam destinasses, tunc perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1.—

With temporal clauses introduced by ut (very rare):

ut vero... casus suorum miseris eluxit, tunc toto littore plangentium gemitus, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus... audiebantur,

Just. 19, 2, 11.—

With temporal clauses introduced by quando (rare).

As antecedent:

tunc quando abiero,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): tunc inserentur (cerasi) quando his vel non est, vel desinit gummi effluere, Pall. Oct. 12.—

In apodosis:

quando quodque eorum siderum cursum decorum est adeptum... tunc ex alterius naturae motione transversa... vinci a tardioribus videbantur,

Cic. Univ. 9.—

With temporal clauses introduced by dum (very rare):

tunc tamen utrumque tolerabile est, dum illi vis sua est,

Sen. Ep. 83, 21.—

With conditional clauses.

In gen.

As antecedent:

consilium istud tunc esset prudens si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

sin autem ventus interpellaverit et... tunc habeat canalem longum pedes quinque, etc.,

Vitr. 8, 5, 2:

tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam si, cum omnia eadem sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum,

Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2.—

In apodosis:

si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc victorem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

quem si inclusit mare, tum ille exitu simul redituque praecluso, volutatur,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 15:

quod si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te credam cordis habere nihil,

Mart. 2, 8, 6: si nullus sit suorum heredum, tunc hereditas pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9:

si vero dissentiunt, tunc praetoris partes necessariae sunt,

Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22.—

With a supposition contrary to fact:

audivi te cum alios consolareris: tunc conspexissem, si te ipse consolatus esses,

Sen. Prov. 4, 5.—

After abl. absol. (rare):

legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit,

Liv. 44, 21, 1:

his ita praeparatis, tunc in rotae modiolo tympanum includatur,

Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tunc (rare):

nisi jam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: bellum jam tunc ab illis geri coeptum cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53:

At. C. Marius L. Sullam jam tunc, ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit,

Vell. 2, 12, 1:

Archilochum Nepos Cornelius tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam tunc fuisse poematis clarum et nobilem,

Gell. 17, 21, 8:

palam jam tunc multae civitates libertatem bello vindicandam fremebant,

Just. 13, 5, 5. —

With demum and denique, not until then, then only, then at last.

Tunc demum.

Absol.:

tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam,

Liv. 41, 3, 5:

tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit,

Ov. H. 11, 91:

tunc demum intrat tabernaculum,

Curt. 4, 13, 20:

tunc demum alia mala (exstiterunt),

Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6:

(aquilae) primo deponunt, expertaeque pondus, tunc demum abeunt,

Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14:

tunc demum... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt,

Suet. Calig. 9:

tunc demum ad otium concessit,

id. Claud. 5.—

With cum clause:

postero die cum circumsessi aqua arceremur, nec ulla... erumpendi spes esset, tunc demum pacti sumus, etc.,

Liv. 21, 59, 6:

et serius cum redisset, tum demum, recepto sospite filio, victoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit,

id. 44, 44, 3:

cum ab his oritur, tunc demum ei ratio constat,

Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo tunc demum persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1.—

Tunc denique (very rare): hi dicebantur in eo tempore mathêmatikoi. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac tunc denique nominabantur phusikoi, Gell. 1, 9, 7.—

Tunc primum:

quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est,

Sall. J. 5, 2:

tunc primum circo qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est,

Liv. 1, 35, 8:

eum dolorem ulta est (plebs) tunc primum plebeis quaestoribus creatis,

id. 4, 54, 2:

tunc primum equo merere equites coeperunt,

id. 5, 7, 13:

lectisternio tunc primum in urbe Romana facto,

id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. Capitol. Anton. Phil. 5; 7.—

With deinde (cf.: tum deinde).

Deinde tunc:

roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1.—

Tunc deinde: primum militiae vinculum est religio et signorum amor, et deserendi nefas; tunc deinde facile cetera [p. 1916] exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15.—So, tunc postea, Vitr. 1, 6, 7.—

Tunc tandem:

simul enim cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut tunc tandem sciret recuperanda esse quae prius amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4.—

With emphatic particles.

Tunc vero (or enimvero):

in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur,

Liv. 40, 40, 10:

cunctantem tamen ingens vis morbi adorta est. Tunc enim vero deorum ira admonuit,

id. 2, 36, 6:

tunc vero impotentis fortunae species conspici potuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa semper verba;

tunc vero nitenti, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 11.—

Tunc quidem: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit;

postero die, etc.,

Liv. 42, 57, 9:

tunc quidem sacrificio rite perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc.,

Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21.—

Ne tunc quidem:

quia ne tunc quidem obsistebatur,

Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9:

ac ne tum quidem senatu aut populo appellato,

Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6.—

Tunc maxime (or tunc cum maxime).

Chiefly at that time, especially then:

Theophrastus est auctor, in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore aestivo... aut quia tunc maxime in umorem mutabilis terra est, aut quia, etc.,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.—

Just then:

hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed tunc maxime illi oppugnandae manus sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: sapiens tunc maxime paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit,

id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1.—

Tunc interea, Gell. 3, 7, 7; v. supra, I. A. 4. a.—

Etiam tunc.

Even then:

experiri etiam tunc volens an ullae sibi reliquae vires essent, etc.,

Gell. 15, 16, 3.—

Still:

quam defunctam praetextatus etiam tunc pro rostris laudavit,

Suet. Calig. 10.— And with cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8; v. supra, II. A. 1. a.—

Tunc etiam.

Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore:

in civitate plena religionum, tunc etiam ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad interregnum redit,

Liv. 6, 5, 6.—

Poet. for tum etiam, on account of the vowel:

ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo, Tunc etiam... Tethys solet ipsa vereri,

Ov. M. 2, 68.—

Tunc quoque.

Also then:

irae adversus Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc quoque ne confestim bellum indiceretur religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: saepe legit flores;

et tunc quoque forte legebat,

Ov. M. 4, 315:

quare et sereno tonat? quia tunc quoque per quassum et scissum aera spiritus prosilit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 18:

cum quidam histriones producti olim, tunc quoque producerentur,

Suet. Claud. 21:

tunc quoque in Hyrcaniam remittitur,

Just. 38, 9, 9.—

Even then:

tunc quoque cum antiqui illi viri inclite viverent, cura comere capillum fuit,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7:

faba vero non antequam trium foliorum. Tunc quoque levi sarculo purgare melius quam fodere,

Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12.—With tum demum:

tametsi ad audiendum pigre coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam recitator intraverit... an ex magna parte evolverit librum: tum demum ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque veniunt,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2.—

= sic quoque, even as it was:

quin nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu accipienda clades fuerit. Tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est,

Liv. 21, 34, 8.—

Tunc temporis (postclass.;

v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura tunc temporis Persarum,

Just. 1, 4, 4:

parvae tunc temporis vires Atheniensibus erant,

id. 3, 6, 6:

ad abolendam invidiae famam qua insignis praeter ceteros tunc temporis habebatur,

id. 8, 3, 7:

erat namque tunc temporis urbs Appulis Brundisium,

id. 12, 2, 7.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ulter, tra, trum, adj. ( comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.

Comp.: ultĕrĭor, ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior:

quis est ulterior?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10:

quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

Gallia,

id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

portus,

id. ib. 4, 23:

Hispania,

Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56:

pars urbis,

Liv. 34, 20, 5:

ripa,

Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1:

ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,

Ov. M. 2, 417.—

As subst.

ul-tĕrĭōres, um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond:

cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis;

ulteriores non inventi,

Liv. 3, 60, 7:

proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,

Tac. G. 17.—

ultĕrĭōra, um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).

Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond:

Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,

Tac. H. 4, 77.—

In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future:

ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,

things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.:

pudor est ulteriora loqui,

Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769:

semper et inventis ulteriora petit,

id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—

Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus, ōris, n., something more, any thing further:

cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,

Quint. 1, 6, 26.—

Sup.: ultĭmus, a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).

Lit., of space:

illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

partes,

id. ib. 6, 20, 20:

in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,

id. Att. 5, 16, 4:

devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,

Liv. 21, 10, 12:

orae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2:

campi,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95:

Hesperia,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 4:

Africa,

id. ib. 2, 18, 4:

Geloni,

id. ib. 2, 20, 18:

in plateā ultimā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

in ultimis aedibus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

spelunca draconis,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

cauda,

i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11:

mors ultima linea rerum est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—

Subst.

ultĭmi, ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people:

recessum primis ultimi non dabant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—

ultĭma, ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59:

ultima signant,

the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—

Rarely sing.: ultĭmum, i, n., the last, the end:

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Transf.

Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final:

ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

tempora,

id. Leg. 1, 3. 8:

initium,

Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

principium,

Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

memoria pueritiae,

id. Arch. 1, 1:

memoria saeculorum,

Just. 12, 16, 3:

vetustas hominum,

id. 2, 1, 20:

sanguinis auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49:

ultima quid referam?

Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id.M. 3, 135:

aetas est de ferro,

id. ib. 1, 127:

vox,

id. ib. 3, 499:

dicta,

id. ib. 9, 126:

lapis,

i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2:

aetas,

Quint. 12, 4, 2:

senectus,

id. 11, 1, 10:

virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,

Liv. 4, 28, 5:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma, ōrum, n.:

perferto et ultima exspectato,

final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

ultima vitae,

Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.:

matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,

Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.:

si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,

to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo:

si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,

Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3:

ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,

id. 26, 27, 10; so,

ultimo,

Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139;

and, ultimum,

for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—

Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.

The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus:

summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ultimae perfectaeque naturae,

id. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,

Quint. 2, 2, 15:

ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

scelus,

Curt. 5, 12, 17:

rex ad ultimum periculum venit,

id. 7, 6, 22:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11:

necessitas,

id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5:

ad ultimam inopiam adducere,

Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2:

ad ultimos casus servari,

id. 27, 10, 11:

dedecus,

Curt. 9, 5, 11:

exsecrationes,

Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so,

poena,

Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

desperatio,

Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2:

discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,

Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2:

ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,

Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma, ōrum, n.:

omnia ultima pati,

every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2:

ultima pati,

Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6:

ultima audere,

Liv. 3, 2, 11:

priusquam ultima experirentur,

id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.:

paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,

Vell. 2, 125, 2:

ad ultimum inopiae adducere,

to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1:

ad ultimum periculi pervenire,

Curt. 8, 1, 15.— Trop.:

ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.:

ad ultimum pro fide morituri,

Curt. 3, 1, 7:

consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,

in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—

The lowest, meanest (very rare):

qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,

Vell. 1, 11, 1:

principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17:

ultima pistoris illa uxor,

the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.— Subst.:

ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),

Liv. 34, 18, 5:

in ultimis laudum,

id. 30, 30, 4:

in ultimis ponere,

the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.

ūtor (old form oetor, oesus, etc., from oitor, oisus, Lex. Thor. lin. 11; inf. parag. oetier, Rogat. Tribun. ap. Fest. p. 246 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 4), ūsus ( inf. utier, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 13), 3, v. dep. [etym. dub.].

Prop., to use.

With abl.

To make use of, employ: cave... ne tibi hoc scipione malum magnum dem. Paeg. Jam utere eo, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 36: Th. Oh Epidicumne ego conspicor? Ep. Certe oculis utere, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 4:

hoc oculo,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 25:

sola potest animi per se natura... durare et sensibus uti,

Lucr. 3, 560:

de rebus ipsis utere tuo judicio,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

utinam, quem ad modum oratione sum usurus alienā, sic mihi ore uti liceret alieno,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

utor neque perantiquis neque inhumanis ac feris testibus,

cite, appeal to, id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

neque enim accusatore muto neque teste quisquam utitur eo, qui de accusatoris subsellio surgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

num argumentis utendum in re ejus modi?

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11:

mancipium, quo et omnes utimur, et non praebetur a populo,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, §

9: quo interprete non ad linguam Graecam, sed ad furta et flagitia uti solebat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 37, §

84: ut postea numquam dextro (oculo) aeque bene usus sit,

Nep. Hann. 4, 3:

si licet exemplis in parvo grandibus uti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 25:

viribus utendum est, quas fecimus,

Luc. 1, 347.—With ad: ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā Sa. Utere, ut vis, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

earum (navium) materiā atque aere ad reliquas reficiendas utebatur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31:

administris ad ea sacrificia Druidibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

ut eā potestate ad quaestum uteretur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

ad quam rem (deus) motu mentis ac ratione utatur,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104.—With pro:

utuntur aut aere aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12.—

Esp.

To manage, control, wield:

bene ut armis, optime ut equis uteretur,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nemo est quin eo ipso (equo), quo consuevit, libentius utatur quam intractato,

id. Lael. 19, 68.—

To spend, use:

velim cum illā videas ut sit qui utamur (sc. pecunia),

Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2:

tantis vectigalibus ad liberalitatem utens,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

cum horis nostris nos essemus usi,

spent, exhausted, id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 30.— Absol.:

notum et quaerere et uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57.—

To wear:

pellibus aut parvis renonum tegimentis utuntur, magnā corporis parte nudā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21 fin.:

ne insignibus quidem regiis Tullus nisi jussu populi est ausus uti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31.—

To accept, adopt:

eā condicione, quae a Caesare ferretur, se usuros ostendebant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

praeposteris enim utimur consiliis et acta agimus,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85.—

To resort to, consult:

neque Vectium ad se arcessit, quaestorem suum, cujus consilio uteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 114:

oraculo,

Tac. A. 2, 54.—

Of a form or style of speech, sentiment, etc., to make, adopt, employ:

sermonibus morologis utier,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

si provincia loqui posset, hac voce uteretur,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 5, 19:

hac unā defensione,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 8:

haec oratio, quā me uti res publica coëgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

cum hortatione non egeas, non utar eā pluribus verbis,

id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

illa criminatio, quā in me absentem usus est,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3.—

To perform, exercise, practise, etc.:

crucior, patrem... nunc inprobi viri officio uti,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 14:

eādem nos disciplinā utimur,

id. As. 1, 3, 49; cf.:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare: etsi ars quidem, cum eā non utare, scientiā ipsā teneri potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

diuturni silentii, quo eram his temporibus usus, finem hodiernus dies attulit,

observed, kept, id. Marcell. 1, 1:

eos (senes) ego fortasse nunc imitor et utor aetatis vitio,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

ratione utuntur,

exercise moderation, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

ut anteponantur... ratione utentia rationis expertibus,

Cic. Top. 18, 69:

ne tu, leno, postules Te hic fide lenoniā uti: non potis,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 30:

viribus uteris per clivos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10.—With adverb. acc.:

ut hoc utimur maxime more moro multum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 1:

ita aperte ipsam rem locutus nil circuitione usus es,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 31.—

In gen., to use, enjoy, profit by, take advantage of, etc.: otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 20, 12 (Trag. Rel. v. 252 Vahl.): sinite... eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, i. e. enjoy, exercise, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 2:

commodius esse opinor duplici spe utier,

id. Phorm. 4, 2, 13:

serius a terrā provectae naves neque usae nocturnā aurā in redeundo offenderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

commoda quibus utimur lucemque quā fruimur ab eo nobis dari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

in maximo meo dolore hoc solacio utor, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 26 init.: usus est hoc cupidine, tamdiu, dum, etc., had the use of, i. e. borrowed, id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf.

I. B. 2. infra: utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

propter nauticarum rerum scientiam plurimisque maritimis rebus fruimur atque utimur,

id. ib. 2, 60, 152:

si fortunā permittitis uti,

to try, take advantage of, Verg. A. 9, 240:

nostrā utere amicitiā, ut voles,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; cf.:

decet hunc ordinem... bene utier amicitiā,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 24:

libertate modice utantur,

Liv. 34, 49, 8:

deorum Muneribus sapienter uti,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 48:

Ofellam Integris opibus novi non latius usum Quam nunc accisis,

id. S. 2, 2, 113:

quia parvo nesciet uti,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 41:

temporibus sapienter utens,

taking advantage of, Nep. Epam. 3, 1.—Prov.: foro uti, to make one's market, i. e. accommodate one's prices, actions, etc., to circumstances, take advantage of events:

scisti uti foro,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29.— Absol.:

opportunae sunt divitiae ut utare (sc. eis),

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.— With adverb. acc.:

ne Silius quidem quicquam utitur (sc. suis hortis),

Cic. Att. 12, 22, 3. —

Of passions, traits of character, etc., to indulge, practise, exercise, yield to, etc.:

inter nos amore utemur semper subrepticio?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 49:

alacritate ac studio,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

severitas, quā tu in iis rebus usus es,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

usus est ipse incredibili patientiā,

id. Phil. 1, 4, 9: ego pervicaciam (esse hanc) aio, et eā me uti volo, Att. ap. Non. 433, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

dementer amoribus usa,

Ov. M. 4, 259.—With in and acc.:

ut suā clementiā ac mansuetudine in eos utatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14.—

To experience, undergo, receive, enjoy, etc., ne simili utamur fortunā atque usi sumus, Quom, etc., Ter. Phorm. prol. 31:

hoc honore usi togati solent esse,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

homines amplissimis usos honoribus,

id. Fl. 19, 45:

nobiles amplis honoribus usi,

Sall. J. 25, 4:

neminem curuli honore usum praeterierunt,

Liv. 34, 44, 4:

primus externorum usus illo honore quem majores Latio quoque negaverint,

Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136: quoniam semel est odio civiliter usus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 41.—

To use as food or medicine, to take, drink, etc.:

lacte mero veteres usi memorantur et herbis,

Ov. F. 4, 369:

aquis frigidis,

Cels. 1, 1:

antidoto,

Scrib. Comp. 171:

medicamento,

id. ib. 228:

vino modice,

Cels. 8, 11:

ex altero (loco, i. e. ex lacu) ut pecus uti possit (sc. aquā),

Varr. R. R. 1, 11, 2.—

With the thing used, etc., as direct obj. (class. only in gerund. constr.; v. infra): nuptias abjeci, amicos utor primoris viros, Turp. ap. Non. p. 497, 15 (Com. Rel. v. 164 Rib.):

facilitatem vulgariam,

Nov. ib. 481, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

res pulchras, quas uti solet,

id. ib. 500, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 69 ib.):

ita uti eum oportet libertatem,

Titin. ib. 481, 19 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

cetera quae volumus uti Graecā mercamur fide,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47:

dic mihi, an boni quid usquam'st, quod quisquam uti possiet,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 37:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 15:

profecto uteris ut voles operam meam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 128:

mea, quae praeter spem evenere, utantur sine,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 29:

BALINEVM... QVOD VSI FVERANT AMPLIVS ANNIS XXXX.,

Inscr. Orell. 202: si quid est, quod utar, utor: si non est, egeo, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 23, 1:

oleam albam, quam voles uti, condito,

id. R. R. 118:

quam rem etiam nomine eodem medici utuntur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 23:

ferrum,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 17, 4.—

Hence, esp. gerund. in phrases dare utendum, to lend; recipere or rogare or petere utendum, to borrow, etc. (class.;

freq. in Plaut.): quod datum utendum'st,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 7:

quae utenda vasa semper vicini rogant,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 18; 2, 4, 32; 2, 9, 4; id. Pers. 1, 3, 47 sq.; id. Mil. 2, 3, 76; id. Rud. 3, 1, 10: auris tibi contra utendas dabo, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 364 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 81:

quae bona is Heraclio omnia utenda ac possidenda tradiderat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

te, quod utendum acceperis, reddidisse,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

multa rogant utenda dari, data reddere nolunt,

Ov. A. A. 1, 433.—

Transf. (through the intermediate idea of having and using).

Pregn., to enjoy the friendship of any one; to be familiar or intimate with, to associate with a person.

With abl:

his Fabriciis semper est usus Oppianicus familiarissime,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46:

quā (Caeciliā) pater usus erat plurimum,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 27:

Trebonio multos annos utor valde familiariter,

id. Fam. 1, 3, 1:

Lucceius qui multum utitur Bruto,

id. Att. 16, 5, 3:

utere Pompeio Grospho,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 22:

quo pacto deceat majoribus uti,

id. ib. 1, 17, 2:

si sciret regibus uti,

ib. ib. 14:

ita me verebatur ut me formatore morum, me quasi magistro uteretur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 2.—

With acc.:

vilica vicinas aliasque mulieres quam minimum utatur,

Cato, R. R. 143, 1.—

To be in possession of a thing, esp. to have, hold, or find a thing in some particular mode or character; with abl.:

mihi si unquam filius erit, ne ille facili me utetur patre,

he shall find an indulgent father in me, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

patre usus est diligente et diti,

Nep. Att. 1, 2:

bonis justisque regibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

quae (sc. libertas) non in eo est, ut justo utamur domino, sed ut nullo,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43; cf. id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

hic vide quam me sis usurus aequo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:

ut is illis benignis usus est ad commodandum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 3, §

6: ne bestiis quoque immanioribus uteremur,

id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

me Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque A puero est,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 95:

uteris monitoribus isdem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 154:

valetudine non bonā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

quo (sc. Philoctete) successore sagittae Herculis utuntur,

Ov. M. 13, 52.— Absol.:

nam pol placidum te et clementem eo usque modo ut volui usus sum in alto (= placidum te esse ut volui, sic te usus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 8.—Hence, P. a.: ūtens, ntis, m., possessing, that possesses:

utentior sane sit,

i. e. a larger possessor, richer, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.

vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4 ( fut. venibo, Pompon. ap. Non. 508, 23; imperf. venibat, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 47; gen. plur, part. sync. venientum, Verg. G. 4, 167; id. A. 1, 434; 6, 755), v. n. [Sanscr. root gā, go; Zend root gā, gam, go; Gr. BA-, bainô; Lat. ar-biter, venio; Goth. quiman; O. H. Germ. quëman, koman; Engl. come; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 466], to come (cf. accedo).

Lit.:

nunc, cujus jussu venio et quam ob rem venerim, Dicam, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 17:

veni, vidi, vici,

Suet. Caes. 37: imus, venimus, videmus. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 53:

maritimus hostis ante adesse potest quam quisquam venturum esse suspicari queat, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3, 6:

venio ad macellum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 3:

ut veni ad urbem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 12, 2:

cupio, te ad me venire,

id. ib. 16, 10, 1; Plaut. As. 2, 4, 2:

mihi si spatium fuerit in Tusculanum veniendi,

Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 3:

Cato... cum venerat ad se in Sabinos,

had come home, id. Rep. 3, 28, 40:

quia nudius quartus venimus in Cariam ex Indiā,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 68:

sexto die Delum Athenis venimus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1:

Italiam fato profugus, Laviniaque venit Litora,

Verg. A. 1, 2:

tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam Venimus,

id. ib. 2, 743 (cf. devenio):

vin' ad te ad cenam veniam,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 30:

mercator venit huc ad ludos,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 9:

homo ad praetorem deplorabundus venit,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 38:

neque ego te derisum venio neque derideo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 46:

ad istum emptum venerunt illum locum senatorium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 124.—With inf.:

parasitus modo venerat aurum petere,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 18:

non nos Libycos populare penates Venimus,

Verg. A. 1, 528.—

Of inanimate subjects: navis huc ex portu Persico Venit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:

denique in os salsi venit umor saepe saporis, Cum mare vorsamur propter,

Lucr. 4, 220:

(aër) Per patefacta venit penetratque foramina,

id. 4, 891:

(speculi imago) Dum venit ad nostras acies,

id. 4, 279:

sub aspectum venire,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

in conspectu,

Caes. B. C. 2, 27:

in conspectum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48; Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

muliebris vox mihi ad aures venit,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 13;

in Italiā te moraturum, dum tibi litterae meae veniant,

reaches you, Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 2: hereditas unicuique nostrum venit, comes, i. e. descends to each of us, id. Caecin. 26, 74; cf.:

hic Verres hereditatem sibi venisse arbitratus est, quod in ejus regnum ac manus venerat is, quem, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62: hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae, come forth, i. e. grow, Verg. G. 1, 54; so,

arbores sponte suā,

id. ib. 2, 11; 2, 58; Prop. 1, 2, 10. —

Impers. pass., we, they, etc., came or have come, etc.:

Lilybaeum venitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141: ad me ventum est, it has fallen to me, id Quint. 1, 3:

dum ad flumen Varum veniatur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

(Galli) veniri ad se confestim existimantes, ad arma conclamant,

id. B. G. 7, 70:

ventum in insulam est,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ubi eo ventum est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

ad quos ventum erat,

id. ib. 2, 11;

3, 23: eo cum esset ventum,

id. ib. 7, 61.—

Esp., to come. spring, be descended:

qui se Bebryciā veniens Amyci de gente ferebat (i. e. qui se ferebat venientem, etc.),

Verg. A. 5, 373 Forbig. ad loc. —

Trop.

In gen.:

vides, quo progrediente oratione venturum me puto,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40, 62. ut jam a principio videndum sit, quemadmodum velis venire ad extremum orationis, id. Or. 59, 201:

contra rem suam me nescio quando venisse questus est,

that I appeared, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3: contra amici summam existimationem, id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

si rem nullam habebis, quod in buccam venerit, scribito,

id. ib. 1, 12, 4;

v. bucca: si quid in mentem veniet,

id. ib. 12, 36, 1.—So in Cic. with nom. only of neutr. pron. or res; but freq. impers. with gen.:

cum matronarum ac virginum veniebat in mentem,

when I thought of, Cic. Sull. 6, 19:

venit enim mihi in mentem oris tui,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; id. Sull. 14, 38; v. also mens, II. B. fin. and the passages there cited:

oratorum laus ita ducta ab humili venit ad summum, ut, etc.,

id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5:

prava ex falsis opinionibus veniunt,

Quint. 5, 10, 34:

vitium pejus, quod ex inopiā, quam quod ex copiā venit,

id. 2, 4, 4:

non omne argumentum undique venit,

id. 5, 10, 21.—With dat.:

existimabunt majus commodum ex otio meo quam ex aliorum negotiis reipublicae venturum,

Sall. J. 4, 4; 8, 2:

ubi ea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis, venit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8; so,

dies,

id. ib. 7, 3:

tempus victoriae,

id. ib. 7, 66; cf.:

suum tempus eorum laudi,

Quint. 3, 1, 21:

non sumus omnino sine curā venientis anni,

for the coming year, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 4:

exemplum trahens Perniciem veniens in aevum,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 16:

veniens aetas,

the future, Ov. F. 6, 639.—Of events, to come, i. e. to happen:

quod hodie venit,

Tac. A. 14, 43.—

In partic.

Venire in aliquid (rarely ad aliquid; v. infra), to come into, fall into any state or condition (so esp. freq.): venisse alicui in amicitiam, to have obtained one's friendship or alliance, Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 4:

in calamitatem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

in cognitionem alicujus,

Quint. 7, 2, 20:

in consuetudinem,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 6; cf.:

quaedam in consuetudinem ex utilitatis ratione venerunt,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 160:

in proverbii consuetudinem,

id. Off. 2, 15, 55.—Of a personal subject:

(milites) qui in consuetudinem Alexandrinae vitae venerant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

ut non solum hostibus in contemptionem Sabinus veniret, sed, etc.,

had fallen into contempt, id. B. G. 3, 17:

in contentionem, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 63, 129:

si falso venisses in suspitionem, P. Sestio,

id. Vatin. 1, 2:

summum in cruciatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

aut in controversiam aut in contentionem,

Quint. 3, 6, 44:

in discrimen,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

in dubium,

id. Quint. 2, 5:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem,

to place one's self under the protection and in the power of a person, to surrender at discretion, Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

ne in odium veniam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 79; cf.:

Tarquinii nomen huic populo in odium venisse regium,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

ipse illi perditae multitudini in odium acerbissimum venerit,

id. Att. 10, 8, 6: in eam opinionem Cassius veniebat, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 2:

in partem alicujus,

to take part in it, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

in periculum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 17:

in sermonem alicujus,

i. e. to enter into conversation, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 1;

and in another sense: cum loquerer cum Phaniā, veni in eum sermonem, ut dicerem, etc.,

I happened to say that, id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:

nonnullam in spem veneram, posse me, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 217:

summam in spem per Helvetios regni obtinendi venire,

to entertain hopes, to hope, Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Esp. with res as subject, the affair came to, reached the point, etc.:

res proxime formam latrocinii venerat,

Liv. 2, 48, 5; 2, 56, 5:

res venit prope secessionem,

id. 6, 42, 10. ad ultimum dimicationis rati rem venturam, id. 2, 56, 5:

cum speramus eo rem venturam, ut, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 226.— Impers.:

saepe in eum locum ventum est, ut, etc.,

to such a point that, Caes. B. G. 6, 43; Liv. 7, 30, 9.—

Ad aliquid: bene agis, Alba;

ad tuam veniam condicionem,

will accept, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146:

ad summum fortunae,

to attain, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 32.—

In speaking, to come to a topic:

ut jam a fabulis ad facta veniamus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

ut ad fabulas veniamus,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

venio ad tertiam epistulam,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 14, 12:

venio ad recentiores litteras,

id. Att. 14, 19, 5:

ad Arcesilam Carneademque veniamus,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12:

venio nunc ad tertium genus illud, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:

ad istius morbum et insaniam,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1 al.

vix, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. from root vic- of vinco], with difficulty, with much ado, hardly, scarcely, barely.

In gen.: quid est, sine his cur vivere velimus? mihi vero cum his ipsis vix;

his autem detractis ne vix quidem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 2:

quae vix aut ne vix quidem adpareant,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

ut vix aut omnino non posset... infirmari sua lex,

id. Att. 3, 23, 2; cf.:

profluens amnis aut vix aut nullo modo, conclusa autem aqua facile corrumpitur,

id. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

vix incedo inanis, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174:

vix sum compos animi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

vix me contineo, quin involem, etc.,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 20: Thr. Hic sunt tres minae. Gn. Vix, id. ib. 3, 2, 19:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

ego teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

Gabinius collegit ipse se vix, sed collegit tamen,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

iter angustum et difficile, vix quā singuli carri ducerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

brevi spatio interjecto, vix ut his rebus... administrandis tempus daretur,

id. ib. 3, 4; cf.:

adeo, ut vix ulla possit causa reperiri, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 12: ex hominum milibus LX. vix ad D. sese redactos esse dixerunt,

to scarcely five hundred, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 19 et saep.:

ego vix teneor, quin accurram,

Cic. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

vix est, ut id obtineat,

Dig. 41, 1, 7, § 7; so ib. 16, 1, 19 init. —

Strengthened,

By aegre:

vix aegreque amatorculos invenimus,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27:

vix et aegre,

App. M. 1, p. 111, 10:

vix et aegerrime,

id. ib. 1, p. 108, 40; v. aegre.—

By saltem:

illud vix saltem praecipiendum videtur,

Quint. 6, 4, 15.—

By repetition:

corpus matri vix vixque remissum,

Albin. 1, 167.—

In partic., of time, hardly, scarcely.

Absol.: assum atque advenio Acherunte vix via alta atque ardua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 208 Rib.):

ah, vix tandem sensi stolidus!

Ter. And. 3, 1, 12:

vix tandem legi litteras,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 62, 2:

contingat vix deinde mori,

Val. Fl. 7, 537.—

With a foll. cum, and poet. also et, to denote the immediate succession of two events.

With cum:

vix agmen novissimum extra munitiones processerat, cum Galli, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8:

vix erat hoc plane imperatum, cum illum... videres,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

vix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae... caelo venere volantes,

Verg. A. 6, 190; Ov. M. 1, 69.—

With et:

vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, Et superincumbens... liquidas projecit in undas Praecipitem,

Verg. A. 5, 857; so,

vix... et,

id. ib. 6, 498; Stat. Th. 5, 263; cf.:

vix... que,

Verg. A. 2, 692.—

With ellipsis of cum or et: vix proram attigerat, rumpit Saturnia funem, Verg. A. 10, 659; 8, 337:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

Ov. F. 5, 278; Phaedr. 4, 24, 28 sq.; so,

vix bene,

Ov. M. 2, 47.—

Strengthened by dum, and usually written in one word, vixdum, hardly then, scarcely yet:

Dolabella valde vituperabatur, quod tibi tam cito succederet, cum vixdum triginta dies in Syriā fuisses,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 2:

haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu nostro dimisso comperi,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

(Hannibalem) vixdum puberem,

Liv. 21, 3, 2:

vixdum serio adnuere,

id. 39, 42, 12:

progressis vixdum quattuor milia passuum,

id. 44, 5, 1; 32, 28, 4; 10, 32, 7:

puer vixdum libertatem, nedum dominationem modice laturus,

id. 24, 4, 1:

vixdum dimidium dixeram: intellexerat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 4:

vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 3.—So with et, Liv. 36, 12, 5; 43, 4, 10; Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7.

volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3 ( inf. pass. volvier, Lucr. 5, 714), v. a. [Sanscr. varas, circumference; Gr. eluô, to wrap; root Wel-], to roll, turn about, turn round, tumble any thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

(amnis) volvit sub undis Grandia saxa,

Lucr. 1, 288; Verg. A. 11, 529; Ov. Ib. 173:

flumen lapides volvens,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 38:

beluas cum fluctibus (procellae),

Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 5:

vortices (flumen),

Hor. C. 2, 9, 22:

fumum caligine (ventus),

Lucr. 6, 691:

oculos huc illuc,

Verg. A. 4, 363:

oculos per singula,

id. ib. 8, 618:

filum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 114 Müll. volvendi sunt libri, to unroll, i. e. open, Cic. Brut. 87, 298:

Tyrrhena carmina retro,

Lucr. 6, 381 (hence, volumen, in the signif. of roll, book, volume, v. h. v. I.):

semineces volvit multos,

rolls in the dust, fells to the ground, Verg. A. 12, 329 et saep.—

In partic.

To roll up or together, form by rolling:

pilas,

Plin. 30, 11, 30, § 99; cf.:

qui terga dederant, conversi in hostem volventesque orbem, etc.,

forming a circle, Liv. 22, 29, 5:

jam orbem volventes suos increpans,

id. 4, 28, 3.—

To breathe, exhale, etc. ( poet.):

vitalis aëris auras Volvere in ore,

Lucr. 6, 1225:

(equus) Collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem,

Verg. G. 3, 85.—

Mid., to turn or roll itself round about, to turn or roll along:

nobis caenum teterrima quom sit Spurcities, eadem subus haec jucunda videtur, Insatiabiliter toti ut volvantur ibidem,

Lucr. 6, 978:

ille (anguis) inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus Volvitur,

Verg. A. 7, 349:

cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putant,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

illi qui volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis,

rolls, Verg. A. 10, 590:

volvi humi,

id. ib. 11, 640:

volvitur Euryalus leto,

id. ib. 9, 433:

lacrimae volvuntur inanes,

roll, flow, id. ib. 4, 449.— Part.:

volventia plaustra,

Verg. G. 1, 163.—

Trop., to roll, roll along, roll off or onwards, etc.

In gen.:

volvere curarum tristes in pectore fluctus,

Lucr. 6, 34:

magnos fluctus irarum,

id. 6, 74:

ingentes iras in pectore,

Liv. 35, 18, 6:

tot volvere casus Insignem pietate virum,

i. e. to undergo so many misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 9; cf.:

satis diu saxum hoc volvo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 55:

(lunam) celerem pronos Volvere menses,

in rolling on, Hor. C. 4, 6, 40; cf.:

volvendis mensibus,

Verg. A. 1, 269:

has omnis (animas) ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,

i. e. completed the cycle, id. ib. 6, 748; and neutr.:

volventibus annis,

with revolving years, after the lapse of years, id. ib. 1, 234; cf.:

volventia lustra,

Lucr. 5, 928:

volvens annus,

Ov. M. 5, 565:

sic fata deum rex Sortitur volvitque vices,

fixes the series of revolving events, Verg. A. 3, 376; cf.:

sic volvere Parcas,

id. ib. 1, 22:

M. Pontidius celeriter sane verba volvens,

rolling off, Cic. Brut. 70, 246:

sententias facile verbis,

id. ib. 81, 280 longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest, id. de Or. 3, 47, 182:

ne verba traic amus aperte, quo melius aut cadat aut volvatur oratio,

be rounded, form periods, id. Or. 69, 229.—

In partic., to turn over or revolve in the mind; to ponder, meditate, or reflect upon, consider (cf. verso):

multa cum animo suo volvebat,

Sall. J. 6, 2; 108, 3:

multa secum,

id. C. 32, 1; id. J. 113, 1; Liv. 26, 7, 3:

immensa omnia animo,

id. 2, 49, 5; Tac. H. 1, 30; Suet. Vesp. 5:

bellum in animo,

Liv. 42, 5, 1:

in pectore,

id. 35, 18, 6:

has inanium rerum inanes ipsas volventes cogitationes,

id. 6, 28, 7; 34, 60, 2; 32, 20, 2; Curt. 10, 5, 15:

incerta consilia,

id. 10, 8, 7; 5, 9, 3:

bellum adversus nos,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

Fauni sub pectore sortem,

Verg. A. 7, 254: haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna [p. 2014] reipublicae, Sall. C. 41, 3:

subinde hoc in animo volve,

Sen. Ep. 13, 13:

secretas cogitationes intra se,

Curt. 10, 8, 9:

adeo ut plerumque intra me ipsum volvam,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

regna tecum volvis,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 1:

mente aliquid,

Lact. Epit. 60, 13.