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depth

  • 21 sententia

        sententia ae, f    [SENT-], a way of thinking, opinion, judgment, sentiment, thought, notion, purpose, determination, decision, will, desire: de hac re eius sententia, T.: sententiae atque opinionis meae volui esse participes: adhuc in hac sum sententiā, ut, etc.: variis dictis sententiis, quarum pars censebant, etc., Cs.: locos ac sententias huius disputationis tradere, extracts and leading thoughts: si honestatem tueri ac retinere sententia est, if one's purpose be: stat sententia tradere, etc., she is resolved, O.: sic stat sententia, O.: de cognatorum sententiā manu missi, according to the wish: de omnium sententiā pronuntiatum, unanimously: quod quem umquam de suā sententiā facere ausum? on his own responsibility, L.—Prov.: Quot homines, tot sententiae, many men, many minds, T.—Abl. with pron poss. or genit.: errat longe meā quidem sententiā, in my judgment, T.— With ex: Istuc tibi ex sententiā tuā obtigisse laetor, to your satisfaction, T.: ex meā sententiā rem p. gessimus, as I wished: evenisse ex sententiā? satisfactorily, T.: ex sententiā navigasse, prosperously.—Esp., in taking an oath: (maiores) iurare ex sui animi sententiā quemque voluerunt, to the best of his knowledge and belief, i. e. conscientiously: ex mei animi sententiā, inquit, ut non deseram, etc., without mental reservation, L.: Ex tui animi sententiā tu uxorem habes? Non hercule, inquit, ex mei animi sententiā, in all sincerity...? no, not to suit me.—An official determination, decision, sentence, judgment, vote: quos priores sententiam rogabat: factum est senatūs consultum in meam sententiam: decerni cunctis sententiis, unanimously: victos paucis sententiis, by a small majority, L.: meae partes exquirendae magis sententiae quam dandae sunt, i. e. my office is to put the question rather than to vote, L.: in eam sententiam ire, to support the resolution, L.: omnibus sententiis absolvi (in a conference of judges): sententiam dicere, pronounce judgment. —Sense, meaning, intent, signification, idea, notion: oratione quam sententiā lenior, in language than in meaning: quod dicitur habet hanc, ut opinor, sententiam: cuius praecepti tanta vis, tanta sententia est, ut, etc., such depth of meaning.—A thought expressed, sentence, period: dum de singulis sententiis breviter disputo: Est brevitate opus, ut currat sententia, etc., H.— An aphorism, apophthegm, maxim, axiom, saying: selectae brevesque sententiae: sapientibus sententiis ornata oratio.
    * * *
    opinion, feeling, way of thinking; thought, meaning, sentence/period; purpose

    Latin-English dictionary > sententia

  • 22 vorāgō

        vorāgō inis, f    [voro], an abyss, gulf, whirlpool, depth, chasm: submersus equus voraginibus: vastāque voragine gurges Aestuat, V.: neque eam voraginem coniectu terrae expleri potuisse, L.: ventris, O.—Fig.: vos geminae voragines scopulique rei p.: patrimoni, spendthrift: vitiorum, abyss.
    * * *
    deep hole, chasm, watery hollow

    Latin-English dictionary > vorāgō

  • 23 bipedalium

    distance/depth of two feet, two feet

    Latin-English dictionary > bipedalium

  • 24 profunditas

    depth; intensity; vastness, immensity; darkness

    Latin-English dictionary > profunditas

  • 25 Vinum bellum iucunumque est, sed animo corporeque caret

    • It's a nice little wine, but it lacks character and depth

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Vinum bellum iucunumque est, sed animo corporeque caret

  • 26 profundum

    a depth, abyss, chasm / the sea.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > profundum

  • 27 ager

    ăger, gri, m. [agros; Germ. Acker, Eng. acre, Sanscr. agras = surface, floor; Grimm conjectured that it was connected with ago, agô, a pecore agendo, and this was the ancient view; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll., and Don. ad Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 47; so the Germ. Trift = pasture, from treiben, to drive].
    I.
    In an extended sense, territory, district, domain, the whole of the soil belonging to a community (syn.: terra, tellus, arvum, solum, rus, humus; opp. terra, which includes [p. 70] many such possessions taken together; cf.

    Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 694 sq.): Ager Tusculanus,... non terra,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 84:

    praedā atque agro adfecit familiares suos,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:

    abituros agro Achivos,

    id. ib. 1, 53, 71:

    ut melior fundus Hirpinus sit, sive ager Hirpinus (totum enim possidet), quam, etc.,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 2: fundum habet in agro Thurino, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 131 (pro Tull. 14):

    Rhenus, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:

    ager Noricus,

    id. ib. 1, 5:

    in agro Troade,

    Nep. Paus. 3:

    in agro Aretino,

    Sall. C. 36, 1:

    his civitas data agerque,

    Liv. 2, 16:

    in agro urbis Jericho,

    Vulg. Josue, 5, 13.—In the Roman polity: ager Romanus, the Roman possessions in land (distinguished from ager peregrinus, foreign territory) was divided into ager publicus, public property, domains, and ager privatus, private estates; v. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 695 and 696; cf. with 153 sq.—
    II.
    In a more restricted sense.
    A.
    Improdued or productive land, a field, whether pasture, arable, nursery ground, or any thing of the kind; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 7 sq.; 1, 71; Hab. Syn. 68, and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 13:

    agrum hunc mercatus sum: hic me exerceo,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94:

    agrum de nostro patre colendum habebat,

    id. Phorm. 2, 3, 17:

    ut ager quamvis fertilis, sine culturā fructuosus esse non potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 5; id. Fl. 29:

    agrum colere,

    id. Rosc. Am. 18:

    conserere,

    Verg. E. 1, 73:

    agrum tuum non seres,

    Vulg. Lev. 19, 19:

    (homo) seminavit bonum semen in agro suo,

    ib. Matt. 13, 24; ib. Luc. 12, 16. —
    * Of a piece of ground where vines or trees are planted, a nursery:

    ut ager mundus purusque flat, ejus arbor atque vitis fecundior,

    Gell.
    19, 12, 8.—Of a place of habitation in the country, estate, villa:

    in tuosne agros confugiam,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15 (so agros, Hom. Od. 24, 205).—
    B.
    The fields, the open country, the country (as in Gr. agros or agroi), like rus, in opp. to the town, urbs (in prose writers generally only in the plur.), Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2:

    homines ex agris concurrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44:

    non solum ex urbe, sed etiam ex agris,

    id. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

    annus pestilens urbi agrisque,

    Liv. 3, 6; id. 3, 32:

    in civitatem et in agros,

    Vulg. Marc. 5, 14.—And even in opp. to a village or hamlet, the open field:

    sanum hominem modo ruri esse oportet, modo in urbe, saepiusque in agro,

    Cels. 1, 1.—
    C.
    Poet., in opp. to mountains, plain, valley, champaign:

    ignotos montes agrosque salutat,

    Ov. M. 3, 25.—
    D.
    As a measure of length (opp. frons, breadth):

    mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,

    in depth, Hor. S. 1, 8, 12.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ager

  • 28 altus

    1.
    altus, a, um, participle from alo., lit., grown or become great, great (altus ab alendo dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 7 Müll.; cf. the Germ. gross with the Engl. grow), a polar word meaning both high and deep.
    A.
    Seen from below upwards, high.
    I.
    Lit.: IN ALTOD MARID PVCNANDOD, etc., Columna Duilii; so, maria alta, Liv. Andron. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5, 10; id. ib. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.: aequor, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 23 Müll.: parietes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:

    sub ramis arboris altae,

    Lucr. 2, 30:

    acervus,

    id. 3, 198 al.:

    columellam tribus cubitis ne altiorem,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

    altior illis Ipsa dea est colloque tenus supereminet omnes,

    taller, Ov. M. 3, 181:

    altis de montibus,

    Verg. E. 1, 83:

    umbras Altorum nemorum,

    Ov. M. 1, 591 al. —With the acc. of measure:

    clausi lateribus pedem altis,

    a foot high, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 39 Gerl.; cf. Lind. C. Gr. I. p. 215.—With gen.:

    triglyphi alti unius et dimidiati moduli, lati in fronte unius moduli,

    Vitr. 4, 3:

    majorem turrim altam cubitorum CXX.,

    id. 10, 5:

    alta novem pedum,

    Col. 8, 14, 1:

    singula latera pedum lata tricenum, alta quinquagenum,

    Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 4.—
    II.
    Trop., high, lofty, elevated, great, magnanimous, high-minded, noble, august, etc.:

    altissimus dignitatis gradus,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 14; so id. Clu. 55; id. Dom. 37.—Of mind or thought:

    te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

    homo sapiens et altā mente praeditus,

    highminded, id. Mil. 8:

    qui altiore animo sunt,

    id. Fin. 5, 20, 57 al. —So of gods, or persons elevated in birth, rank, etc.;

    also of things personified: rex aetheris altus Juppiter,

    Verg. A. 12, 140:

    Apollo,

    id. ib. 10, 875:

    Caesar,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 37:

    Aeneas, i. e. deā natus,

    id. S. 2, 5, 62:

    Roma,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 33:

    Carthago,

    Prop. 2, 1, 23 al. —Of the voice, high, shrill, loud, clear:

    Conclamate iterum altiore voce,

    Cat. 42, 18:

    haec fatus altā voce,

    Sen. Troad. 196:

    altissimus sonus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 23 (cf.:

    vox magna,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 9, 24; Juv. 4, 32).— Subst.: altum, i, n., a height:

    sic est hic ordo (senatorius) quasi propositus atque editus in altum,

    on high, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 98:

    aedificia in altum edita,

    Tac. H. 3, 71:

    quidquid in altum Fortuna tulit, ruitura levat,

    Sen. Agam. 100.—Esp.
    (α).
    (Sc. caelum.) The height of heaven, high heaven, the heavens:

    ex alto volavit avis,

    Enn. Ann. 1, 108:

    haec ait, et Maiā genitum demisit ab alto,

    Verg. A. 1, 297.—Still more freq.,
    (β).
    (Sc. mare.) The high sea, the deep, the sea: rapit ex alto navīs velivolas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 224:

    ubi sumus provecti in altum, capiunt praedones navem illam, ubi vectus fui,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 39; so id. Men. 1, 2, 2; id. Rud. prol. 66; 2, 3, 64:

    terris jactatus et alto,

    Verg. A. 1, 3:

    in altum Vela dabant,

    id. ib. 1, 34:

    collectae ex alto nubes,

    id. G. 1, 324:

    urget ab alto Notus,

    id. ib. 1, 443 al.:

    alto mersā classe,

    Sil. 6, 665:

    ab illā parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32:

    in alto jactari,

    id. Inv. 2, 31, 95:

    naves nisi in alto constitui non poterant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

    naves in altum provectae,

    id. ib. 4, 28: scapha in altum navigat, Sall. Fragm.—So in the plur.:

    alta petens,

    Verg. A. 7, 362.— Trop.:

    quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6:

    imbecillitas... in altum provehitur imprudens,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

    te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui in altum abstraxit,

    id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
    B.
    Seen from above downwards, deep, profound.
    I.
    Lit. (hence sometimes opp. summus): Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 81; Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48:

    quom ex alto puteo sursum ad summum escenderis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 14:

    altissimae radices,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 5:

    altae stirpes,

    id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    altissima flumina,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 77:

    altior aqua,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    alta theatri Fundamenta,

    Verg. A. 1, 427:

    gurgite in alto,

    in the deep whirlpool, id. E. 6, 76:

    altum vulnus,

    id. A. 10, 857; Petr. 136; Sen. Troad. 48:

    altum totā metitur cuspide pectus,

    Sil. 4, 292; so id. 6, 580 al.:

    unde altior esset Casus,

    Juv. 10, 106.—With the abl. of measure:

    faciemus (scrobes) tribus pedibus altas,

    Pall. Jan. 10, 3.—
    II.
    Trop. (more freq. in and after the Aug. per.), deep, profound:

    somno quibus est opus alto,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 8; so Liv. 7, 35:

    sopor,

    Verg. A. 8, 27:

    quies,

    id. ib. 6, 522:

    silentium,

    id. ib. 10, 63; Quint. 10, 3, 22:

    altissima tranquillitas,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 1:

    altissima eruditio,

    id. ib. 4, 30:

    altiores artes,

    Quint. 8, 3, 2.— Subst.: altum, i, n., the depth, i. e. what is deep or far removed:

    ex alto dissimulare,

    Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16:

    non ex alto venire nequitiam, sed summo, quod aiunt, animo inhaerere,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 16 med. al.—Hence, ex alto repetere, or petere, in discourse, to bring from far; as P. a., farfetched:

    quae de nostris officiis scripserim, quoniam ex alto repetita sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 5:

    quid causas petis ex alto?

    Verg. A. 8, 395 (cf.:

    alte repetere in the same sense,

    Cic. Sest. 13; id. Rep. 4, 4, and v. al. infra).—
    C.
    Poet., in reference to a distant (past) time: cur vetera tam ex alto appetissis discidia, Agamemno? Att. ap. Non. 237, 22 (altum: vetus, antiquum, Non.); cf. Verg. G. 4, 285.—With the access. idea of venerable (cf. antiquus), ancient, old:

    genus alto a sanguine Teucri,

    Verg. A. 6, 500:

    Thebanā de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti,

    id. ib. 9, 697;

    genus Clauso referebat ab alto,

    Ov. F. 4, 305:

    altā gente satus,

    Val. Fl. 3, 202:

    altis inclitum titulis genus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 338.— Adv.: altē, and very rarely altum, high, deep (v. supra, altus, P. a. init.).
    A.
    High, on high, high up, from on high, from above (v. altus, P. a., A.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    alte ex tuto prospectum aucupo,

    Att. Trag. Rel. p. 188 Rib.:

    colomen alte geminis aptum cornibus,

    id. ib. p. 221:

    alte jubatos angues,

    Naev. ib. p. 9:

    jubar erigere alte,

    Lucr. 4, 404:

    roseā sol alte lampade lucens,

    id. 5, 610:

    in vineā ficos subradito alte, ne eas vitis scandat,

    Cato, R. R. 50:

    cruentum alte extollens pugionem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 28: non animadvertis cetarios escendere in malum alte, ut perspiciant pisces? Varr. ap. Non. 49, 15:

    (aër) tollit se ac rectis ita faucibus eicit alte,

    Lucr. 6, 689:

    dextram Entellus alte extulit,

    Verg. A. 5, 443:

    alte suras vincire cothurno,

    high up, id. ib. 1, 337:

    puer alte cinctus,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 10, and Sen. Ep. 92:

    unda alte subjectat arenam,

    Verg. G. 3, 240:

    Nihil tam alte natura constituit, quo virtus non possit eniti,

    Curt. 7, 11, 10: alte maesti in terram cecidimus, from on high, Varr. ap. Non. 79, 16:

    eo calcem cribro succretam indito alte digitos duo,

    to the height of two fingers, Cato, R. R. 18, 7; so Col. R. R. 5, 6, 6.— Comp.:

    quae sunt humiliora neque se tollere a terrā altius possunt,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

    tollam altius tectum,

    id. Har. Resp. 15, 33:

    altius praecincti,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 5:

    pullus in arvis altius ingreditur,

    Verg. G. 3, 75:

    caput altius effert,

    id. ib. 3, 553:

    altius atque cadant imbres,

    id. E. 6, 38 ubi v. Forb.:

    altius aliquid tenere,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 5.— Sup.: [p. 96] cum altissime volāsset (aquila), Suet. Aug. 94.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    alte natus,

    Albin. 1, 379 (cf.: altus Aeneas, supra, P. a., A. II.):

    alte enim cadere non potest,

    Cic. Or. 28, 98:

    video te alte spectare,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; id. Rep. 6, 23, 25.— Comp.:

    altius se efferre,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25; 3, 3, 4:

    altius irae surgunt ductori,

    Verg. A. 10, 813:

    altius aliquid agitare,

    Cels. 1 prooem.:

    attollitur vox altius,

    Quint. 11, 3, 65:

    verbis altius atque altius insurgentibus,

    id. 8, 4, 27.— Sup.:

    Ille dies virtutem Catonis altissime illuminavit,

    Vell. 2, 35:

    ingenium altissime adsurgit,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 4.—
    B.
    Deep, deeply (v. altus, P. a. B.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ablaqueato ficus non alte,

    Cato, R. R. 36:

    ferrum haud alte in corpus descendere,

    Liv. 1, 41:

    alte vulnus adactum,

    Verg. A. 10, 850; Ov. M. 6, 266; Curt. 4, 6, 18; Cels. 5, 26, 30:

    timidum caput abdidit alte,

    Verg. G. 3, 422:

    alte consternunt terram frondes,

    deeply strew, id. A. 4, 443:

    ut petivit Suspirium alte!

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 58 (cf.:

    ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo,

    Verg. A. 1, 485):

    inter cupam pertundito alte digitos primorīs tres,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 2:

    minimum alte pedem,

    Col. de Arb. 30.— Comp.:

    ne radices altius agant,

    Col. 5, 6, 8:

    terra altius effossa,

    Quint. 10, 3, 2:

    cum sulcus altius esset impressus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 23, 50:

    frigidus imber Altius ad vivum persedit, Verg G. 3, 441: tracti altius gemitus,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 4, 2.— Sup.:

    (latronibus gladium) altissime demergo,

    App. M. 2, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., deeply, profoundly, far, from afar:

    privatus ut altum Dormiret,

    Juv. 1, 16:

    alte terminus haerens,

    Lucr. 1, 77:

    longo et alte petito prooemio respondere,

    Cic. Clu. 21, 58:

    ratio alte petita,

    Quint. 11, 1, 62:

    alte et a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18; id. Rep. 4, 4, 4; id. Sest. 13, 31.— Comp.:

    qui altius perspiciebant,

    had a deeper insight, Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    quae principia sint, repetendum altius videtur,

    must be sought out more deeply, id. Off. 1, 16:

    altius repetitae causae,

    Quint. 11, 1, 62:

    de quo si paulo altius ordiri ac repetere memoriam religionis videbor,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 105:

    Hisce tibi in rebus latest alteque videndum,

    Lucr. 6, 647:

    altius supprimere iram,

    Curt. 6, 7, 35:

    altius aliquem percellere,

    Tac. A. 4, 54:

    altius metuere,

    id. ib. 4, 41:

    altius animis maerere,

    id. ib. 2, 82:

    cum verbum aliquod altius transfertur,

    Cic. Or. 25, 82:

    Altius omnem Expediam primā repetens ab origine famam,

    Verg. G. 4, 285;

    so,

    Tac. H. 4, 12:

    altius aliquid persequi,

    Plin. 2, 23, 31, § 35:

    hinc altius cura serpit,

    id. 4, 11, 13, § 87.— Sup.:

    qui vir et quantus esset, altissime inspexi,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 5.
    2.
    altus, ūs, m. [alo], a nourishing, support:

    terrae altu,

    Macr. S. 1, 20 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > altus

  • 29 Bythios

    Bythŏs, i, m., = buthos (depth), one of the Æons of Valentinus, Tert. adv. Val. 7; id. adv. Haer. 49 (access. form Bythiŏs, id. adv. Val. 8).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Bythios

  • 30 Bythos

    Bythŏs, i, m., = buthos (depth), one of the Æons of Valentinus, Tert. adv. Val. 7; id. adv. Haer. 49 (access. form Bythiŏs, id. adv. Val. 8).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Bythos

  • 31 ciconia

    cĭcōnĭa, ae, f., a stork, Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63; Hor. S. 2, 2, 49; Ov. M. 6, 97; Juv. 14, 74 al.; at Praeneste called conia, Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 23.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    A derisory bending of the fingers in the form of a stork ' s bill, Pers. 1, 58; Hier. prol. in Sophon. Ep. 125, n. 18.—
    B. C.
    A transverse pole, moving upon a perpendicular post, for drawing water, etc. (syn. tolleno), Isid. Orig. 20, 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ciconia

  • 32 fundo

    1.
    fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

    Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

    Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.
    I.
    Lit., of fluids.
    1.
    In gen.:

    (natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 812:

    sanguinem e patera,

    Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

    novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

    vina paterā in aras,

    Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

    vinum inter cornua,

    id. ib. 7, 594:

    vinum super aequora,

    id. ib. 11, 247:

    duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

    Verg. A. 5, 78:

    laticem urnis,

    Ov. M. 3, 172:

    lacrimas,

    Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

    fundit Anigros aquas,

    pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

    parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

    shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

    sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

    Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

    sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

    Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

    memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

    discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

    ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

    pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

    sanguis in corporibus fusus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

    exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

    caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

    id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

    aere fuso,

    id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    vitrum,

    id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

    glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

    Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

    ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

    Quint. 2, 1, 12:

    fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

    id. 7 praef. §

    2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—
    * b.
    In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

    (ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

    Tib. 3, 2, 20:

    multo tempora funde mero,

    id. 1, 7, 50.—
    2.
    Of things non-fluid.
    a.
    In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

    desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

    Liv. 2, 5, 3:

    picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

    tela,

    Val. Fl. 3, 243:

    sagittam,

    Sil. 7, 647:

    (solis) radios per opaca domorum,

    Lucr. 2, 115:

    quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

    has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

    fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

    pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

    se cuncta manus ratibus,

    id. 2, 662:

    littera fundens se in charta,

    Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

    luna se fundebat per fenestras,

    Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

    ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

    spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

    homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

    Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

    crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

    Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

    terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

    flores aut fruges aut bacas,

    id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

    frugem,

    id. de Sen. 15, 51:

    plus materiae (vites),

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

    cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

    id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

    facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    (terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

    Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

    fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

    Verg. G. 1, 13:

    Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

    Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—
    (β).
    With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

    (victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

    Liv. 9, 43, 20:

    nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

    Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

    aliquem arcu,

    Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

    fundi in alga,

    to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

    hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

    exercitus caesus fususque,

    id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

    aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

    Sall. J. 58, 3:

    Gaetulos,

    id. ib. 88, 3:

    classes fusae fugataeque,

    id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

    si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

    Liv. 35, 1, 8:

    hostes de jugis,

    id. 9, 43, 20:

    Gallos de delubris vestris,

    id. 6, 16, 2:

    eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

    Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

    id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

    quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

    id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

    less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

    Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

    magnas copias hostium fudit,

    Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

    Sabinos equitatu fudit,

    id. Rep. 2, 20:

    Armeniorum copias,

    id. Arch. 9, 21:

    maximas copias parva manu,

    Sall. C. 7, 7.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

    imago de corpore fusa,

    Lucr. 4, 53:

    animam moribundo corpore fudit,

    id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

    concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

    Verg. A. 2, 532:

    circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

    poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

    quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

    Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

    cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

    will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

    superstitio, fusa per gentes,

    id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

    neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

    id. 12, 2, 23:

    fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

    riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

    quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

    to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

    modo virtus latius funditur,

    Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

    semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

    id. 5, 30, 92:

    saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

    id. Or. 62, 210.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

    per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

    e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

    id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

    inanes sonos,

    id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

    inani voce sonare,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

    sonum,

    id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

    id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

    versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

    grave plenumque carmen,

    id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

    physicorum oracula,

    id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

    has ore loquelas,

    Verg. A. 5, 842:

    preces pectore ab imo,

    id. ib. 6, 55; so,

    preces,

    id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

    mera mendacia,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

    jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

    you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

    opprobria rustica,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

    iras inanes,

    Val. Fl. 3, 697:

    vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.
    A.
    Lit.:

    (aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

    toga (opp. restricta),

    wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

    Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

    full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

    campi in omnem partem,

    extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

    non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

    a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—
    B.
    Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

    genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

    constricta an latius fusa narratio,

    Quint. 2, 13, 5:

    materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

    id. 2, 4, 7:

    ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

    (vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

    unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

    periodus,

    id. 9, 4, 128:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 130:

    lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

    Gell. 2, 26, 7:

    in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

    Quint. 9, 4, 138:

    plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

    id. 10, 1, 77:

    dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

    id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

    (manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 97.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

    quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

    multa dicere fuse lateque,

    id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

    fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

    id. Or. 32, 113:

    fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

    haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

    fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.
    2.
    fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).
    I.
    Lit. (perh. only poet.):

    haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

    i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

    dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

    Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

    Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

    is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

    arces,

    id. ib. 4, 260.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

    dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

    Verg. A. 6, 4:

    (genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

    Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—
    II.
    Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

    firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

    quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

    id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

    qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

    id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

    accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

    id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

    fundati a doctore,

    thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

    res publica praeclare fundata,

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

    qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

    Verg. A. 6, 810:

    in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

    Liv. 40, 57, 5:

    libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

    Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

    jus civile,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

    vacuos Penates prole,

    Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

    thalamos Tritonide nympha,

    i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

    partis et fundatis amicitiis,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

    fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

    nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

    well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

    nihil veritate fundatum,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).
    A.
    Lit.:

    quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

    Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

    si permanetis in fide fundati,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—
    B.
    Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fundo

  • 33 gradus

    grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

    Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

    gradum facere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

    tollere gradum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

    ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

    quieto et placido gradu sequi,

    Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

    , on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

    ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

    citato gradu in hostem ducere,

    Liv. 28, 14, 17:

    concito gradu properare,

    Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

    gradum celerare,

    to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

    corripere,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

    addere,

    Liv. 26, 9, 5:

    sistere,

    Verg. A. 6, 465:

    sustinere,

    Ov. F. 6, 398:

    revocare,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    referre,

    Ov. F. 5, 502:

    vertere,

    Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

    peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

    at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

    pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

    Veg. 1, 9:

    modico gradu,

    Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

    citato gradu,

    id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

    per gradus,

    Ov. M. 2, 354.—
    B.
    Trop., a step, stage, degree:

    quem mortis timuit gradum,

    pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

    hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

    itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

    Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

    Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

    hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

    a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

    notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

    Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

    cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

    i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

    etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

    pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

    obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

    Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

    de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

    Liv. 34, 39, 3:

    in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

    id. 8, 38, 11:

    inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

    Ov. M. 9, 43:

    hostes gradu demoti,

    Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

    turbare ac statu movere,

    id. 30, 18, 4.—
    2.
    Trop., a firm position or stand:

    corda virum mansere gradu,

    i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

    fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

    to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

    dejectus de gradu,

    id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

    gradu depulsus,

    Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

    nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

    Liv. 40, 9, 3.—
    B. 1.
    Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

    haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    gradus templorum,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

    gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

    id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

    aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

    Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

    pro Palatii gradibus,

    Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

    praeceps per gradus ire,

    id. Calig. 35:

    si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

    Juv. 3, 200.—
    (β).
    Sing.:

    cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

    Vitr. 3, 3.—
    b.
    Transf., of things that rise by steps.
    (α).
    In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

    caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    comam in gradus frangere,

    id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

    coma in gradus formata,

    Suet. Ner. 51.—
    (β).
    In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—
    (γ).
    In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—
    (δ).
    In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

    ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

    Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

    Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

    Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

    quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

    aetatis,

    Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

    unus gradus et una progenies,

    Lact. 2, 10, 10:

    nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

    Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

    a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

    Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

    qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    gradus dignitatis,

    id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

    ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

    gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

    id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

    summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

    id. Planc. 13, 32:

    a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

    ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

    id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

    etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

    id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

    omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

    id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

    gradus officiorum,

    id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

    temporum servantur gradus,

    id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

    non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    gradus cognationis,

    Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

    v. de gradibus,

    Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

    agnationis,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

    si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

    Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

    gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

    id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

    peccatorum gradus,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

    oratorum aetates et gradus,

    id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

    gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

    id. ib. 82, 285:

    accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

    Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

    Ov. F. 1, 605:

    si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

    omnes gradus virtutis implere,

    Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

    hi plerumque gradus,

    Juv. 11, 46.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gradus

  • 34 imi

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imi

  • 35 imum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imum

  • 36 inferiores

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferiores

  • 37 inferus

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferus

  • 38 infime

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infime

  • 39 infimum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infimum

  • 40 novenarius

    nŏvēnārĭus, a, um, adj. [novem], consisting of nine:

    numerus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 86 Müll.:

    natura,

    id. ib.; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 2; Aus. Idyll. 11:

    sulcus,

    three feet in breadth and three in depth, Plin. 17, 11, 15, § 77.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > novenarius

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