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21 supervisory authority
English-Russian big medical dictionary > supervisory authority
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22 директивный орган
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > директивный орган
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23 exercise
1) використання, застосування, здійснення ( права); вияв2) здійснювати (право, правосуддя); користуватися ( правом), реалізувати ( право); застосовувати•exercise of congressional power — = exercise of Congress's power здійснення Конгресом ( США) своїх повноважень
- exercise ascendancyexercise the office of president — бути президентом, здійснювати повноваження президента
- exercise authority
- exercise control
- exercise diplomatic clout
- exercise discretion
- exercise discretionary powers
- exercise due diligence
- exercise extreme caution
- exercise good judgement
- exercise good judgment
- exercise judicial function
- exercise judicial power
- exercise jurisdiction
- exercise legislative powers
- exercise notarial functions
- exercise of authority
- exercise of citizenship rights
- exercise of Congress's power
- exercise of delegated power
- exercise of discipline
- exercise of discretion
- exercise of duty
- exercise of good will
- exercise of good judgement
- exercise of good judgment
- exercise of governmental power
- exercise of judicial functions
- exercise of legitimate powers
- exercise of power
- exercise of powers
- exercise of presumptive right
- exercise of privilege
- exercise of profession
- exercise of public functions
- exercise of right
- exercise of sovereign power
- exercise of state power
- exercise political power
- exercise power
- exercise religion
- exercise restraint
- exercise right of veto
- exercise sole jurisdiction
- exercise sovereign right
- exercise sovereignty
- exercise state power
- exercise stock rights
- exercise supervision
- exercise surveillance
- exercise the power of review
- exercise veto -
24 IOC/OCOG management principles
- принципы управления МОК/ОКОИ
принципы управления МОК/ОКОИ
МОК является высшим органом принятия решений, касающихся любой ситуации, которая серьезно влияет на Игры, за исключением вопросов, относящихся к охране и физической безопасности участников. Главный оперативный центр ОКОИ обеспечивает координацию работы в масштабе всех Игр. Координационный центр Игр МОК обеспечивает и управляет координацией работы и обменивается данными с Главным оперативным центром ОКОИ.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
IOC/OCOG management principles
IOC is the ultimate decision-making authority concerning any situation having a major impact on the Games, except for matters pertaining to the security and physical safety of the participants. The OCOG's Main Operations Center will ensure Games-wide operations coordination. The IOC's Games coordination office will ensure and manage the coordination of operations and communicate with the OCOG Main Operations Center.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
- IOC/OCOG management principles
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > IOC/OCOG management principles
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25 decentralization
Gen Mgtthe dispersal of decision-making control. Decentralization involves moving power, authority, and decision-making control within an organization from a central headquarters or from high managerial levels to subsidiaries, branches, divisions, or departments. As an organizational concept, decentralization implies delegation of both power and responsibility by top management in order to promote flexibility through faster decision making and improved response times. Decentralization is, therefore, strongly related to the concept of empowerment, though the latter is perhaps more focused on direct working frontline staff. -
26 appeal
1. intransitive verbappeal against something — gegen etwas Einspruch/Berufung einlegen
2) (refer)appeal to — verweisen auf [Erkenntnisse, Tatsachen]
3) (make earnest request)appeal to somebody for something/to do something — jemanden um etwas ersuchen/jemanden ersuchen, etwas zu tun
4) (address oneself)appeal to somebody/something — an jemanden/etwas appellieren
5) (be attractive)2. nounlodge an appeal with somebody — bei jemandem Einspruch/Berufung einlegen
right of appeal — Einspruchs-/Berufungsrecht, das
Court of Appeal — Berufungsgericht, das
make an appeal to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) berufen; auf etwas (Akk.) verweisen
5) (attraction) Reiz, der* * *[ə:pi:l] 1. verb2) (to take a case one has lost to a higher court etc; to ask (a referee, judge etc) for a new decision: He appealed against a three-year sentence.) Einspruch erheben2. noun1) ((the act of making) a request (for help, a decision etc): The appeal raised $500 for charity; a last appeal for help; The judge rejected his appeal.) die Bitte; der Einspruch2) (attraction: Music holds little appeal for me.) der Reiz•- academic.ru/3196/appealing">appealing* * *ap·peal[əˈpi:l]I. vi1. (attract)to \appeal to the senses die Sinne ansprechento \appeal against a verdict ein Urteil anfechtento \appeal to the High Court den obersten Gerichtshof anrufen\appeal for damages Schadenersatzklage fto \appeal on points of fact BRIT in die Berufung gehen4. (plead)to \appeal to sb's conscience/emotions an jds Gewissen/Gefühle appellierento \appeal a case/verdict mit einem Fall/gegen ein Urteil in die Berufung gehenIII. nsex \appeal Sexappeal mwide \appeal Breitenwirkung fto have wide \appeal weite Kreise ansprechento lose one's \appeal seinen Reiz verlierenhe won his \appeal seinem Einspruch wurde stattgegebencourt of \appeal Berufungsgericht ntto consider an \appeal sich akk mit einem Einspruch befassento reject an \appeal einen Einspruch ablehnenon \appeal LAW in der Revisionthe note of \appeal in her voice der bittende Unterton in ihrer Stimme\appeal for donations Spendenaufruf mthe police have issued an \appeal to the public to stay away from the centre of town die Polizei hat die Öffentlichkeit aufgerufen, dem Stadtzentrum fernzubleiben* * *[ə'piːl]1. n1) (= request) (for help, money etc) Aufruf m, Appell m, (dringende) Bitte (for um); (for mercy) Gesuch nt (for um)appeal for funds — Spendenappell or -aufruf m or -aktion f
to make an appeal to sb (to do sth) — an jdn appellieren(, etw zu tun); (charity, organization etc) einen Appell or Aufruf an jdn richten(, etw zu tun)
to make an appeal to sb for sth — jdn um etw bitten; (charity, organization etc) jdn zu etw aufrufen
2) (= supplication) Flehen nt3) (against decision) Einspruch m; (JUR) (against sentence) Berufung f; (actual trial) Revision f, Revisionsverfahren nthe lost his appeal — er verlor in der Berufung
to lodge an appeal — Einspruch erheben; (Jur) Berufung einlegen (with bei)
right of appeal — Einspruchsrecht nt; (Jur) Berufungsrecht nt
the captain made an appeal against the light — der Mannschaftskapitän erhob Einspruch or Beschwerde wegen der Lichtverhältnisse
5) (= power of attraction) Reiz m (to für), Anziehungskraft f (to auf +acc)his music has (a) wide appeal —
skiing has lost its appeal (for me) — Skifahren hat seinen Reiz (für mich) verloren
2. vi1) (= make request) (dringend) bitten, ersuchen (geh)to appeal to the public to do sth — die Öffentlichkeit (dazu) aufrufen, etw zu tun
2) (against decision: to authority etc) Einspruch erheben (to bei); (JUR) Berufung einlegen (to bei)he was given leave to appeal (Jur) — es wurde ihm anheimgestellt, Berufung einzulegen
3) (= apply for support, decision) sich wenden, appellieren (to an +acc); (to sb's feelings etc) appellieren (to an +acc); (SPORT) Einspruch erheben (from bei), Beschwerde einlegen4) (= be attractive) reizen (to sb jdn), zusagen (to sb jdm); (plan, candidate, idea) zusagen (to sb jdm); (book, magazine) ansprechen (to sb jdn)how does that appeal? —
3. vtto appeal a case/verdict (Jur) — mit einem Fall/gegen ein Urteil in die Berufung gehen
* * *appeal [əˈpiːl]A v/t JURb) US obs anklagenB v/i1. JUR Berufung oder Rechtsmittel oder Revision einlegen, in die Berufung gehen, auch allg Einspruch erheben, Beschwerde einlegen ( against, JUR meist from gegen; to bei), SPORT reklamieren:the decision appealed from die angefochtene Entscheidung;appeal for offside SPORT Abseits reklamierenappeal to history die Geschichte als Zeugen anrufen4. (to) Gefallen oder Anklang finden (bei), gefallen, zusagen (dat), wirken (auf akk), anziehen, reizen (akk):appeal to imagination die Fantasie ansprechenC s1. JUR Rechtsmittel n (from, against, US auch of gegen):a) Berufung f, Revision fb) (Rechts)Beschwerde fc) Einspruch m:court of appeal Berufungs-, Revisionsgericht n;judg(e)ment on appeal Berufungsurteil n;allow an appeal einer Berufung etc stattgeben;file ( oder lodge) an appeal Berufung etc einlegen bei ( with bei; from, against gegen), in die Berufung gehen;on appeal the sentence was reduced to three years in der Berufungsverhandlung wurde die Strafe auf drei Jahre reduziert;2. SPORT Reklamation f3. Berufung f (to auf akk)4. Verweisung f (to an akk)appeal to reason Appell an die Vernunft;make an appeal to appellieren an (akk);appeal for mercy Gnadengesuch n7. fig Anziehung(skraft) f, Zugkraft f, Wirkung f (to auf akk), Anklang m (to bei):appeal to customers WIRTSCH Anziehungskraft auf Kunden* * *1. intransitive verb1) (Law etc.) Einspruch erheben od. einlegen (to bei)appeal against something — gegen etwas Einspruch/Berufung einlegen
2) (refer)appeal to — verweisen auf [Erkenntnisse, Tatsachen]
appeal to somebody for something/to do something — jemanden um etwas ersuchen/jemanden ersuchen, etwas zu tun
2. nounappeal to somebody/something — an jemanden/etwas appellieren
lodge an appeal with somebody — bei jemandem Einspruch/Berufung einlegen
right of appeal — Einspruchs-/Berufungsrecht, das
Court of Appeal — Berufungsgericht, das
make an appeal to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) berufen; auf etwas (Akk.) verweisen
5) (attraction) Reiz, der* * *(to, for) n.dringende Bitte (an, um) f. (court of law) n.Revision -en f. (legal) n.Revision -en f. n.Anziehung f.Anziehungskraft f.Berufung -en f.Zugkraft -ë f. (to) v.anrufen v.appellieren v.sich wenden (an) v. (legal) v.Revision einlegen ausdr. v.Anklang finden (bei) ausdr.Berufung einlegen ausdr.einwirken v.gefallen v.reizen v.zusagen v. -
27 power
ˈpauə
1. сущ.
1) а) сила, мощь;
могущество Syn: strength, might, vigour, energy, force б) способность, возможность to develop one's powers ≈ развивать способности к чему-л. spending power speech power bargaining power earning power healing power purchasing power staying power supernatural powers Syn: facility, faculty, ability, property, capacity в) значение (слова в контексте)
2) а) сила (физическая), мощность, энергия, производительность to cut off, turn off the power ≈ прекратить подачу энергии to turn on the power ≈ обеспечить подачу энергии nuclear power ≈ атомная энергия, ядерная энергия by power without power electric power hydroelectric power mechanical powers б) физ. сила, мощность в) оптика оптическая сила линзы
3) а) власть;
держава the Great Powers ≈ великие державы They seized power over several provinces. ≈ Они захватили власть в нескольких провинциях. The president has the power to dissolve parliament. ≈ Президент имеет право распустить парламент. to assume, take, seize power ≈ прийти к власти, захватить власть to come into power ≈ прийти к власти to exercise, wield power ≈ обладать властью to transfer power ≈ передать власть кому-л. discretionary powers executive power political power supreme power government in power party in power power politics powers-that-be б) юр. полномочия, уполномоченность, право, полноправие power of attorney resulting powers war powers emergency powers Syn: jurisdiction, authority
4) а) сверхъестественное существо, божество;
шестой ранг ангелов в средневековой их классификации Syn: deity, divinity б) вооруженный отряд
5) разг. куча, множество, большое количество чего-л.
6) мат. степень eight is the third power of two ≈ восемь представляет собой два в третьей степени ∙ more power to your elbow! ≈ желаю успеха! the powers that be ≈ власти предержащие, сильные мира сего merciful powers! ≈ силы небесные!
2. гл.
1) а) приводить в действие или движение;
являться приводным двигателем This boat is powered with the latest improved model of our engine. ≈ На этой лодке установлена последняя модель нашего двигателя. б) питать (электро) энергией
2) а) двигаться на большой скорости, "лететь" б) мор. двигаться с помощью мотора, а не паруса
3) поддерживать, вдохновлять Syn: inspire ∙ power up сила;
мощь - the * of a blow сила удара - the great flood moving with majesty and * воды катились величественно и мощно - the country was at the height of her * страна находилась в расцвете своего могущества энергия;
мощность - electric * электроэнергия - lifting * подъемная сила - hydraulic * гидравлическая энергия, энергия воды - emitting * излучающая способность - atomic /nuclear/ * атомная /ядерная/ энергия - * engineering энергетика - * consumption потребление энергии;
расход мощности - * generation производство энергии - * (is) on прибор /аппарат, агрегат, двигатель и т. п./ включен - * cut /failure/ отключение /прекращение подачи/ (электро) энергии мощность;
производительность - rated /design/ * расчетная мощность - output * выходная мощность, мощность на выходе - * factor (электротехника) коэффициент мощности;
косинус фи - * augmentation форсаж, форсирование( двигателя) - to be on full * (техническое) работать на полную мощность( техническое) (профессионализм) двигатель;
машина, силовая установка - the mechanical *s простые машины - * feed механическая /автоматическая/ подача - * farming механизированное сельское хозяйство - by * механической силой, приводом от двигателя энергетика - electric * электроэнергетика могущество, сила, власть - absolute * абсолютная власть - a party in * правящая партия - the * of the law сила закона - the * of Congress власть Конгресса - the * of the keys папская власть - * of life and death право распоряжаться жизнью и смертью - to be in * быть /находиться/ у власти - to come /to rise/ to * прийти к власти - to take * взять власть - I am in your * я в вашей власти - it is not within my * это не в моей власти боги;
божественные силы - the *s of darkness /of evil/ силы тьмы;
темные силы - merciful *s! силы небесные! (юридическое) власть - legislative * законодательная власть - separation of *s разделение властей (законодательной, исполнительной и судебной) возможность - purchasing /buying/ * покупательная способность - to do all /everything/ in one's * сделать все возможное - to be beyond /out of/ one's * быть не под силу /не по силам/ - he did it to the best /to the utmost/ of his * он приложил максимум усилий (умственная или физическая) способность - * of movement двигательная способность - * of observation наблюдательность - mental *s умственные способности - he is a man of varied *s он наделен разными /многими/ способностями - his *s are failing его силы угасают - at the height of one's *s в расцвете сил - her *s of resistance are low у нее слабая сопротивляемость право, полномочие - large *s широкие полномочия - treaty-making * право заключения договоров - * of substitution( юридическое) право передоверия - delegation of * передача полномочий( юридическое) доверенность (тж. * of attorney) - a full * полная /общая/ доверенность - to furnish smb. with (a) full *(s) предоставить кому-л. полную доверенность (юридическое) дееспособность, правоспособность - * of testation правоспособность к совершению завещания - * of appointment( юридическое) право распоряжения имуществом (предоставляется лицу, не являющемуся его собственником) держава - the Great Powers великие державы - leading *s ведущие державы - small * малая держава - maritime * морская держава - occupying * оккупирующая держава (разговорное) (диалектизм) много, множество - it's done me a * of good это принесло мне огромную пользу - we saw a * of people мы видели множество людей (математика) степень - * equation( математика) степенное уравнение - 27 is the third * of 3 27 - это три в кубе (математика) порядок (кривой) (оптика) сила увеличения;
оптическая сила - the * of a lens сила увеличения линзы религиозный экстаз > the *s that be сильные мира сего, власть имущие;
(библеизм) власть предержащие приводить в действие или движение;
служить приводным двигателем снабжать силовым двигателем - boat *ed by outboard motor лодка с подвесным мотором питать (электро) энергией поддерживать;
вдохновлять - faith is goodness *s his life вера в добро освещает всю его жизнь air ~ могущество в воздухе, воздушная мощь ancillary ~ акцессорное право arbitrary ~ дискреционные полномочия autonomous ~ самоуправление bargaining ~ рыночная позиция bargaining ~ сила которой обладают стороны при переговорах blanket ~ полные полномочия buying ~ полномочия на совершение сделки ~ сила;
мощность, энергия;
производительность;
by power механической силой, приводом от двигателя colonial ~ колониальная держава commercial ~ торговая держава competitive ~ конкурентоспособность computational ~ вчт. вычислительные возможности computer ~ вычислительная мощность computer ~ вычислительный ресурс computer ~ вчт. производительность компьютера computing ~ вчт. вычислительные возможности conquering ~ завоевательная держава continental ~ континентальная держава data ~ эффективность данных decision-making ~ полномочие на принятие решений discretionary ~ дискреционная власть discretionary ~ дискреционные полномочия dispositive ~ юридические полномочия driving ~ движущая сила earning ~ возможность зарабатывать earning ~ доходность earning ~ прибыльность earning ~ способность приносить доход ~ мат. степень;
eight is the third power of two восемь представляет собой два в третьей степени engine ~ мощность двигателя excess purchasing ~ чрезмерная покупательная способность executive ~ исполнительная власть executive ~ исполнительные полномочия explanatory ~ полномочия давать объяснения expressive ~ выразительная сила financial ~ финансовая власть fiscal ~ финансовые полномочия foreign ~ иностранная держава general ~ общая компетенция general ~ общие полномочия general purchasing ~ всеобщая покупательная способность grant a ~ предоставлять полномочия grant a ~ уполномочивать great ~ великая держава ~ держава;
the Great Powers великие державы housekeeping ~ юр. право ведения домашнего хозяйства ~ способность;
возможность;
I will do all in my power я сделаю все, что в моих силах;
it is beyond my power это не в моей власти ~ способность;
возможность;
I will do all in my power я сделаю все, что в моих силах;
it is beyond my power это не в моей власти joint decision-making ~ совместное право принятия решений judicial ~ судебная власть land ~ военная мощь land ~ мощная военная держава legislative ~ законодательная власть machine ~ машинная мощность major ~ главная держава mandatory ~ государство-мандатарий mandatory ~ мандатные полномочия maritime ~ морская держава market ~ власть на рынке market ~ рыночная власть mechanical ~ механическая мощность without ~ с выключенным двигателем;
the mechanical powers простые машины the powers that be власти предержащие, сильные мира сего;
merciful powers! силы небесные! military ~ военная держава ~ politics политика с позиции силы;
more power to your elbow! желаю успеха! naval ~ морская держава nuclear ~ государство, обладающее атомным оружием nuclear ~ ядерная держава nuclear ~ ядерное государство occupying ~ оккупационная держава paternal ~ родительская власть placing ~ способность разместить ценные бумаги power власть ~ возможность ~ дееспособность ~ держава;
the Great Powers великие державы ~ держава ~ доверенность ~ компетенция ~ разг. много, множество;
a power of money куча денег;
a power of good много пользы ~ могущество, власть (тж. государственная) ;
влияние, мощь;
supreme power верховная власть;
the party in power партия, стоящая у власти ~ мощность ~ мощь ~ полномочие;
the power of attorney доверенность ~ полномочие ~ право ~ правоспособность ~ производительность ~ сила;
мощность, энергия;
производительность;
by power механической силой, приводом от двигателя ~ сила ~ опт. сила увеличения (линзы, микроскопа и т. п.) ~ снабжать силовым двигателем ~ способность, право, правомочие, полномочие, компетенция ~ способность;
возможность;
I will do all in my power я сделаю все, что в моих силах;
it is beyond my power это не в моей власти ~ способность ~ степень ~ мат. степень;
eight is the third power of two восемь представляет собой два в третьей степени ~ энергия ~ attr. силовой, энергетический;
моторный;
машинный ~ of appointment доверенность на распределение наследственного имущества ~ полномочие;
the power of attorney доверенность ~ of attorney доверенность ~ of attorney полномочие ~ of attorney concerning safe custody полномочие на хранение ценных бумаг в банковском сейфе ~ of attorney given for business purposes полномочие на ведение дел ~ of attorney to represent another person in court полномочия представлять в суде интересы другого лица ~ of codecisions полеомочия принимать совместные решения ~ of decisions право принимать решения ~ of discretion полномочия решать по собственному усмотрению ~ of eminent domain право государства на принудительное отчуждение частной собственности ~ разг. много, множество;
a power of money куча денег;
a power of good много пользы ~ of inquiry право подавать запрос ~ разг. много, множество;
a power of money куча денег;
a power of good много пользы ~ of procuration полномочие на ведение дел ~ of sale право продажи ~ of taxation право обложения налогом ~ of testation право на завещательное распоряжение ~ politics политика с позиции силы;
more power to your elbow! желаю успеха! ~ to coopt право кооптировать ~ to take decisions право принимать решения the powers that be власти предержащие, сильные мира сего;
merciful powers! силы небесные! prosecutorial ~ обвинительные полномочия protective ~ протекционистская держава pulling ~ привлекательность рекламы purchasing ~ покупательная сила purchasing ~ эк. покупательная способность purchasing ~ покупательная способность purchasing ~ покупательная способность денег raising to a ~ возведение в степень real purchasing ~ реальная покупательная способность regulatory ~ распорядительные полномочия sea ~ морская держава signatory ~ подписавшаяся страна signatory ~ страна, подписавшая документ spending ~ покупательная способность;
speech power дар речи spending ~ покупательная способность;
speech power дар речи state ~ государственная власть staying ~ страна пребывания staying: ~ остающийся неизменным;
неослабевающий;
staying power(s) выносливость, выдержка ~ могущество, власть (тж. государственная) ;
влияние, мощь;
supreme power верховная власть;
the party in power партия, стоящая у власти supreme ~ высшая власть taxpaying ~ налогоспособность treaty ~ полномочия на заключение договора unlimited ~ неограниченная мощность victorious ~ победоносная держава voting ~ право голоса without ~ с выключенным двигателем;
the mechanical powers простые машины -
28 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
29 political
1) політичний в'язень, політв'язень; розм. політичний злочинець2) політичний; державний; партійний, вузькопартійний ( про підхід тощо); державознавчий; тактичний ( про хід у політиці тощо)•- political advertisement
- political advertising
- political agitation
- political allegiance
- political alliance
- political ally
- political amnesty
- political and legal
- political aspect
- political assassination
- political asylum
- political asylum applicant
- political asylum request
- political authority
- political authority
- political beliefs
- political bias
- political bribery
- political campaign
- political capacity
- political case
- political censorship
- political charge
- Political Committee
- political connections
- political considerations
- political conspiracy
- political contest
- political contests
- political contract killing
- political control
- political convictions
- political corporation
- political corruption
- political crime
- political decision-making
- political demand
- political despotism
- political destabilization
- political deviant
- political dialog
- political dialogue
- political dictation
- political diktat
- political discrimination
- political disorder
- political disorders
- political dissenter
- political district
- political division
- political elite
- political espionage
- political executive
- political exile
- political expediency
- political extremism
- political figure
- political foe
- political force
- political freedom
- political game
- political gangsterism
- political government
- political illegality
- political independence
- political inequality
- political influence
- political integration
- political intelligence
- political issue
- political judging
- political justice
- political killer
- political killing
- political law
- political liberalization
- political liberties
- political liberty
- political-military bloc
- political motive
- political murder
- political nationality
- political nature of a state
- political offence
- political offense
- political offender
- political opponent
- political opposition
- political oppression
- political order
- political pay-off
- political payment
- political persecution
- political persuasion
- political police
- political post
- political power
- political preferences
- political pressure
- political principle
- political prisoner
- political privilege
- political process
- political question
- political question
- political radicalism
- political reality
- political refugee
- political regime
- political repression
- political responsibility
- political right
- political rival
- political scientist
- political spectrum
- political strike
- political suspect
- political system
- political terror
- political terrorism
- political terrorist
- political threat
- political treaty
- political trial
- political union
- political unit
- political unreliability
- political untrustworthiness
- political victim
- political views
- political vigilance -
30 Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
(1869-1951)Career army officer, one of the founders of the Estado Novo (1926-74), and the longest-serving president of the republic of that regime (1926-51). Born in Lisbon in 1869, the son of a career cavalry officer, Oscar Carmona entered the army in 1888 and became a lieutenant in 1894, in the same cavalry regiment in which his father had served. He rose rapidly, and became a general during the turbulent First Republic, briefly served as minister of war in 1923, and achieved public notoriety as prosecutor for the military in one of the famous trials of military personnel in an abortive 1925 coup. General Carmona was one of the key supporters of the 28 May 1926 military coup that overthrew the unstable republic and established the initially unstable military dictatorship (1926-33), which was the political system that founded the Estado Novo (1933-74).Carmona took power as president upon the ousting of the Twenty-eighth of May coup leader, General Gomes da Costa, and guided the military dictatorship through political and economic uncertainty until the regime settled upon empowering Antônio de Oliveira Salazar with extraordinary fiscal authority as minister of finance (April 1928). Elected in a managed election based on limited male suffrage in 1928, President Carmona served as the Dictatorship's president of the republic until his death in office in 1951 at age 81. In political creed a moderate republican not a monarchist, General (and later Marshal) Carmona played an essential role in the Dictatorship, which involved a division of labor between Dr. Salazar, who, as prime minister since July 1932 was responsible for the daily management of the government, and Carmona, who was responsible for managing civil-military relations in the system, maintaining smooth relations with Dr. Salazar, and keeping the armed forces officer corps in line and out of political intervention.Carmona's amiable personality and reputation for personal honesty, correctness, and hard work combined well with a friendly relationship with the civilian dictator Salazar. Especially in the period 1928-44, in his more vigorous years in the position, Carmona's role was vital in both the political and ceremonial aspects of his job. Car-mona's ability to balance the relationship with Salazar and the pressures and demands from a sometimes unhappy army officer corps that, following the civilianization of the regime in the early 1930s, could threaten military intervention in politics and government, was central to the operation of the regime.After 1944, however, Carmona was less effective in this role. His tiring ceremonial visits around Portugal, to the Atlantic Islands, and to the overseas empire became less frequent; younger generations of officers grew alienated from the regime; and Carmona suffered from the mental and physical ailments of old age. In the meantime, Salazar assumed the lion's share of political power and authority, all the while placing his own appointees in office. This, along with the regime's political police (PVDE or PIDE), Republican National Guard, and civil service, as well as a circle of political institutions that monopolized public office, privilege, and decision making, made Carmona's role as mediator-intermediary between the career military and the largely civilian-managed system significantly less important. Increasingly feeble and less aware of events around him, Carmona died in office in April 1951 and was replaced by Salazar's chosen appointee, General (and later Marshal) Francisco Craveiro Lopes, who was elected president of the republic in a regime-managed election.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
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31 judicial
судовий; суддівський; законний; узаконений; правовий; неупереджений; розсудливийjudicial assistance in criminal matters — юридична допомога в кримінальних питаннях (в т. ч. однієї країни іншій)
judicial control of administrative authorities — судовий контроль за рішеннями ( діями) адміністративних органів
- judicial actjudicial expression of the rule of law — правова норма в тлумаченні судової практики; правова норма, вироблена судовою практикою
- judicial action
- judicial activism
- judicial activity
- judicial activism
- judicial administration
- judicial admission
- judicial agency
- judicial appeal
- judicial appointment
- judicial approval
- judicial archaism
- judicial ascertainment
- judicial assembly
- judicial assistance
- judicial assistant
- judicial authorities
- judicial authority
- judicial autonomy
- judicial award
- judicial ballistics
- judicial bench
- judicial blindness
- judicial board
- judicial board for civil cases
- judicial body
- judicial branch
- judicial branch of government
- judicial bribery
- judicial capacity
- judicial career
- judicial case
- judicial choice
- judicial circuit
- judicial circumstances
- judicial citation
- judicial clerk
- judicial code
- judicial cognizance
- judicial colleague
- judicial collegiality
- judicial combat
- judicial comity
- judicial committee
- Judicial Committee Rules
- judicial concept
- judicial confession
- judicial consequences
- judicial conservative
- judicial construction
- judicial contest
- judicial control
- judicial corruption
- judicial council
- judicial courage
- judicial court
- judicial creativity
- judicial custody
- judicial day
- judicial decision
- judicial decision-making
- judicial definition
- judicial department
- judicial dictum
- judicial discretion
- judicial district
- judicial document
- judicial duties
- judicial duty
- judicial education
- judicial effectiveness
- judicial endorsement
- judicial enforcement
- judicial enquiry
- judicial error
- judicial establishment
- judicial evidence
- judicial examination
- judicial excess
- judicial execution
- judicial expert
- judicial expression
- judicial factor
- judicial field
- judicial function
- judicial functionary
- judicial functions
- judicial government
- judicial hierarchy
- judicial immunity
- judicial incumbent
- judicial independence
- judicial inquiry
- judicial inquisition
- judicial instance
- judicial interference
- judicial interpretation
- judicial investigation
- judicial investigation inquest
- judicial investigator
- judicial jurisdiction
- judicial knowledge
- judicial law
- judicial lawmaking
- judicial legislation
- judicial letter
- judicial level
- judicial machinery
- judicial manpower
- judicial matter
- judicial measure
- judicial misconduct
- judicial murder
- judicial nomination
- judicial notice
- judicial oath
- judicial office
- judicial officer
- judicial officials
- judicial opinion
- judicial order
- judicial organ
- judicial organization
- judicial performance
- judicial policy
- judicial post
- judicial power
- judicial practice
- judicial precedent
- judicial precept
- judicial prevention
- judicial privilege
- judicial procedure
- judicial proceeding
- judicial proceedings
- judicial process
- judicial protection
- judicial psychology
- judicial punishment
- judicial question
- judicial questioning
- judicial re-examination
- judicial recommendation
- judicial record
- judicial records
- judicial recourse
- judicial reform
- judicial relief
- judicial remedy
- judicial resolution
- judicial responsibility
- judicial restraint
- judicial review
- judicial review of legislation
- judicial rulemaker
- judicial salary
- judicial sale
- judicial scrutiny
- judicial security
- judicial selection
- judicial selection system
- judicial self-restraint
- judicial separation
- judicial sequestration
- judicial service
- judicial session
- judicial settlement
- judicial sitting
- judicial statistics
- judicial subpoena
- judicial superior
- judicial supervision
- judicial supremacy
- judicial system
- judicial tenure
- judicial term
- judicial training
- judicial trial
- judicial tribunal
- judicial trustee
- judicial vacation
- judicial vacations
- judicial work
- judicial workload
- judicial workloads
- judicial writ -
32 executive
•• Executive a person who has managerial or policy-making authority in an organization (The Random House Dictionary).
•• В иерархии бизнеса это слово означает управленческое звено, стоящее выше, чем manager. По сути это близко к русским словосочетаниям ответственный сотрудник/работник, руководство, руководящее звено. В банках executives и managers называют обычно officers (в отличие от staff – обычных сотрудников).
•• Другие значения этого слова в общем неплохо описаны в словарях, например, в Новом БАРСе (см., например, executive-class car – автомобиль высшего класса, executive session – закрытое заседание). Правда, отсутствует часто встречающееся выражение executive decision. Это решение, всю ответственность за которое руководитель берет на себя. Пример из книги Джона Макдональда The End of the Night: By mid-afternoon on Monday the twenty-seventh, Herbert Dunnigan made the executive decision to pull his special group out of Monroe. Перевод, пожалуй, напрашивается сам собой: ...принял ответственное решение.
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33 governmental
урядовий; державнийgovernmental supervisory authority — державний ( або урядовий) контрольний орган
- governmental administrationgovernmental's power to shut and open the passes of trade — повноваження уряду відкривати і закривати канали торгівлі
- governmental agency
- governmental agreement
- governmental body
- governmental coalition
- governmental community
- governmental control
- governmental crisis
- governmental decision making
- governmental department
- governmental entity
- governmental establishment
- governmental function
- governmental infraction
- governmental institution
- governmental jurisdiction
- governmental legal service
- governmental limitation
- governmental measure
- governmental mechanism
- governmental offender
- governmental office
- governmental operations
- governmental organ
- governmental organization
- governmental policy
- governmental position
- governmental post
- governmental power
- governmental prescription
- governmental privilege
- governmental property
- governmental regulation
- governmental service
- governmental structure
- governmental supervision
- governmental unit
- governmental's evidence
- governmental's privilege -
34 joint
спільний, об'єднаний; узгоджений; колективний, колегіальний; міжвідомчий- joint adventurejoint and several responsibility — зобов'язання з відповідальністю спільно і окремо, зобов'язання із солідарною відповідальністю
- joint agreement
- joint and several
- joint and several liability
- joint and several obligation
- joint and several promissors
- joint appeal
- joint appeals
- joint applicants
- joint assessment
- joint authority
- joint authors
- joint ballot
- joint beneficiary
- joint body
- joint bond
- joint business
- joint cause of action
- Joint Chiefs of Staff
- joint claim
- joint commission
- joint committee
- joint conference
- joint consultations
- joint consultative committee
- joint contract
- joint covenant
- joint creditors
- joint crime
- joint custody
- joint debt
- joint debtor
- joint decision-making power
- joint declaration
- joint denial
- joint efforts
- joint estate
- joint financial responsibility
- joint guarantee
- joint guarantor
- joint guardian
- joint guardianship
- joint guilt
- joint heir
- joint heirship
- joint household
- joint indebtedness
- joint interest
- joint intervention
- joint invention
- joint liability
- joint licensee
- joint mortgage
- joint mortgaged
- joint obligation
- joint offenders
- joint operation
- joint operation agreement
- joint organ
- joint owner
- joint ownership
- joint participants
- joint participants in a crime
- joint participation
- joint participation in a crime
- joint participators
- joint participators in a crime
- joint party
- joint possession
- joint plaintiff
- joint possession
- joint possessor
- joint privilege
- joint procuration
- joint promissors
- joint property
- joint proprietor
- joint prosecution
- joint recognition
- joint registration
- joint representation
- joint resolution
- joint responsibility
- joint return
- joint session
- joint signatory
- joint signature
- joint sitting
- joint statement
- joint stock
- joint-stock
- joint stock association
- joint-stock bank
- joint-stock company
- joint stock company
- joint-stock corporation
- joint surety
- joint suspects
- joint tax return
- joint taxation
- joint tenancy
- joint tenant
- joint tort feasors
- joint tort tortfeasors
- joint tortfeasory
- joint treaty
- joint trial
- joint use
- joint user
- joint venture
- joint venture agreement
- joint will -
35 police
1) поліція, поліцейські; охорона порядку, підтримання порядку2) нести поліцейську службу, охороняти порядок, підтримувати порядок; забезпечувати поліцейською охороною•- police accountability
- police action
- police activities
- police activity
- police administration
- police administrator
- police agency
- police agent
- police anatagonizer
- police authority
- police ban
- police beating
- police behavior
- police behaviour
- police bias
- police blotter
- police board
- police box
- police bribery
- police brutality
- police calls from the public
- police car
- police cell
- police certificate
- police character
- police check
- police chief
- police college
- police commissioner
- police communication center
- police communication centre
- police communications room
- police complaints commission
- police composite
- police conduct
- police constable
- police control center
- police control centre
- police cordon
- police corruption
- police court
- police court case
- police cruiser
- police custody
- police department
- police decision-making
- police detection
- police detective
- police discretion
- police district
- police dog
- police duties
- police effectiveness
- police efficiency
- police employee
- police enforcement
- police entity
- police establishment
- police evidence
- police excess
- police executive
- police file
- police force
- police form
- police function
- police government
- police graft
- police headquarter
- police headquarters
- police identification
- police information
- police informer
- police inquiry
- police inspector
- police intake
- police interrogation
- police intrusion
- police investigation
- police investigation officer
- police killing
- police lineup
- police magistrate
- police malpractice
- police misconduct
- police offence
- police offense
- police office
- police officer
- police on horseback
- police operation
- police organization
- police patrol
- police permission
- police-population relations
- police position
- police post
- police power
- police powers
- police practice
- police practices
- police precinct
- police presence
- police prevention
- police probationer
- police procedure
- police proceeding
- police proceedings
- police protection
- police questioning
- police raid
- police ranks
- police rate
- police record
- police records
- police recruit
- police regulation
- police regulations
- police regulations offence
- police regulations offense
- police regulations wrong
- police report
- police researcher
- police resources
- police response time
- police retrieval
- police review board
- police rights
- police role
- police science
- police sergeant
- police servant
- police service
- police services
- police shooting
- police spy
- police standards
- police state
- police state's spending
- police statement
- police station
- police strategy
- police structure
- police superintendent
- police supervision
- police surveillance
- police-suspect encounter
- police system
- police tactics
- police team work
- police technology
- police terror
- police the seas
- police time
- police time to patrol
- police unit
- police use of force
- police violence
- police wagon
- police weapon
- police wiretapping
- police witness
- police work -
36 executive
ответственный сотрудник/работник, руководство, руководящее звено (в общем,управленческое звено, стоящее выше, чем manager. В банках executives и managers называют обычно officers - в отличие от staff - обычных сотрудников)Executive - a person who has managerial or policy-making authority in an organization (The Random House Dictionary).
The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > executive
-
37 line
линия; цепь ( боевой порядок) ; линия фронта; развернутый строй; позиция; ( оборонительный) рубеж; проводная связь; провод, кабель; отмечаться по основному направлению— assault starting line— ASW line— bomb safety line— cable communication line— hot line— launching line— line one— lines of communications— O-O line— secured line— target sighting line -
38 administration
1. n управление делами2. n ведение; управлениеi/o system administration — управление системы ввода/вывода
3. n воен. управление тылом4. n администрация; руководство5. n преим. амер. администрация, правительствоthe Administration — правительство США ; американская администрация
6. n преим. амер. исполнительная власть7. n преим. амер. президентство8. n преим. амер. оказание помощи; снабжение; распределение9. n преим. амер. применение10. n преим. амер. назначение или применение лекарств11. n преим. амер. церк. отправление12. n преим. амер. юр. управление и распоряжение наследствомLetters of Administration — выдаваемые судом полномочия душеприказчику или администратору наследства на управление наследственным имуществом
Синонимический ряд:1. administrators (noun) administrators; board of directors; board of governors; directors; headmen; officers; stewards; superintendents2. application (noun) application; dispensation3. government (noun) control; direction; governance; government; rule4. management (noun) authority; command; decision making; management; organisation; organization; supervision5. rйgime (noun) central committee; executive branch of government; executives; incumbency; presidency; rйgime6. term (noun) dynasty; power; reign; tenure; term; term of office -
39 empowerment
Gen Mgtthe redistribution of power and decision making responsibilities, usually to employees, where such authority was previously a management prerogative. Empowerment is based on the recognition that employee abilities are frequently underused, and that, given the chance, most employees can contribute more. Empowered workplaces are characterized by managers who focus on energizing, supporting, and coaching their staff in a blame-free environment of trust. -
40 Vroom, Victor Harold
(b. 1932) Gen MgtCanadian academic. An authority on the psychological analysis of behavior in organizations, whose work includes contributions on motivation, leadership styles, and decision making. He described his expectancy theory in Work and Motivation (1964).
См. также в других словарях:
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