-
41 nacional
adj.national (equipo, moneda, monumento).f. & m.national, citizen.* * *► adjetivo1 national2 (producto, mercado) domestic3 (vuelo) domestic; (noticias) national1 HISTORIA the Nationalists supporters of Franco during the Spanish Civil War* * *1. adj.1) national2) domestic2. noun mf.* * *1.ADJ (=de la nación) national; (Econ, Com) domestic, home antes de ssolo consumen productos nacionales — they buy only home-produced goods o British/Spanish etc goods
carretera, fiesta 2), moneda 2)páginas de nacional — (Prensa) home news pages
2. SMF1) LAm (=ciudadano) national2)los nacionales — [en la guerra civil española] the Franco forces
* * *Ia) ( de la nación) <deuda/reservas> nationalb) ( no internacional) < vuelo> domesticc) ( no extranjero) < industria> nationalcompre productos nacionales — ≈buy Spanish (o Argentinian etc)
IIla ginebra nacional es muy buena — Spanish (o Argentinian etc) gin is very good
* * *= countrywide [country-wide], domestic, home, national, state-owned, nationwide [nation-wide], all-nation, state-operated, state-run.Ex. There is an urgent need for a survey of private libraries on a countrywide scale.Ex. Results indicate that bibliographers at these libraries depend on inadequate reviewing sources and domestic approval plans for developing these literatures.Ex. Exports of school texts seem to do well, with a total contribution of 7.34 per cent to total turnover compared to 9.21 per cent from the home sales.Ex. National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex. We are state-owned and in a monopolistic situation because of our size, status and/or the uniqueness of our collection.Ex. Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.Ex. The article 'New Czechoslovak database centres on the first all-nation level' describes the services offered by these centres and presents the results of a survey.Ex. All state-operated colleges of arts and science in New York state were given funds in fiscal year 1987-88 for collection preparation and barcoding.Ex. The nucleus of the system is composed of state-run information centres.----* agencia nacional bibliográfica = national bibliographic agency.* a nivel nacional = nationally, countrywide [country-wide].* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).* Audiencia Nacional, la = High Court, the.* bibliografía nacional = national bibliography.* Bibliografía Nacional Británica (BNB) = British National Bibliography (BNB).* biblioteca nacional = national library.* Biblioteca Nacional Central = National Central Library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania = Deutsche Bibliothek.* Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) = National Library of Medicine (NLM).* Biblioteca Nacional Francesa = Bibliotheque Nationale.* Catálogo Colectivo Nacional = National Union Catalog, NUC.* catálogo nacional = national catalogue.* catástrofe nacional = national disaster.* Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.* Comité Nacional de Asesoramiento (NACO) = National Advisory Committee (NACO).* Consejo Nacional de Profesores de Inglés = National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].* desarrollo de la identidad nacional = nation building.* deuda nacional, la = national debt, the.* Federación Nacional de Asesorías Independientes (FIAC) = National Federation of Independent Advice Centres (FIAC).* Fundación Nacional para las Humanidades (NEH) = National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH).* Guardia Nacional, la = National Guard, the.* himno nacional = national anthem.* idiosincracia nacional = national ethos.* Instituto Nacional de la Salud (INSALUD) = National Institutes of Health (NIH).* intercambio nacional = national exchange.* liberación nacional = national liberation.* MARC de la Bibliografía Nacional Británica = BNB MARC.* Matica Slovenca (Biblioteca Nacional de Yugoslavia) = Matica Slovenska.* mercado nacional = home market, domestic market.* moneda nacional = local currency.* monumento nacional = heritage site, national monument.* movimiento de liberación nacional = national liberation movement.* nacional socialista = National Socialist.* NASA (Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio) = NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).* número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.* número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.* número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.* orgullo nacional = national pride.* Partido Socialista Nacional, el = National Socialist Party, the.* patrimonio nacional = cultural heritage, heritage site.* política de información nacional = national information policy.* política nacional = national politics.* prioridad nacional = national priority.* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).* seguridad nacional = homeland security.* servicio nacional = domestic service.* Sindicato Nacional de Agricultores (NFU) = National Farmers' Union (NFU).* tesoro nacional = national treasure.* universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.* vuelo nacional = domestic flight.* * *Ia) ( de la nación) <deuda/reservas> nationalb) ( no internacional) < vuelo> domesticc) ( no extranjero) < industria> nationalcompre productos nacionales — ≈buy Spanish (o Argentinian etc)
IIla ginebra nacional es muy buena — Spanish (o Argentinian etc) gin is very good
* * *= countrywide [country-wide], domestic, home, national, state-owned, nationwide [nation-wide], all-nation, state-operated, state-run.Ex: There is an urgent need for a survey of private libraries on a countrywide scale.
Ex: Results indicate that bibliographers at these libraries depend on inadequate reviewing sources and domestic approval plans for developing these literatures.Ex: Exports of school texts seem to do well, with a total contribution of 7.34 per cent to total turnover compared to 9.21 per cent from the home sales.Ex: National agencies creating MARC records use national standards within their own country, and re-format records to UNIMARC for international exchange.Ex: We are state-owned and in a monopolistic situation because of our size, status and/or the uniqueness of our collection.Ex: Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.Ex: The article 'New Czechoslovak database centres on the first all-nation level' describes the services offered by these centres and presents the results of a survey.Ex: All state-operated colleges of arts and science in New York state were given funds in fiscal year 1987-88 for collection preparation and barcoding.Ex: The nucleus of the system is composed of state-run information centres.* agencia nacional bibliográfica = national bibliographic agency.* a nivel nacional = nationally, countrywide [country-wide].* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* Asociación Nacional para Adquisiciones (NAG) = National Acquisitions Group (NAG).* Audiencia Nacional, la = High Court, the.* bibliografía nacional = national bibliography.* Bibliografía Nacional Británica (BNB) = British National Bibliography (BNB).* biblioteca nacional = national library.* Biblioteca Nacional Central = National Central Library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania = Deutsche Bibliothek.* Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) = National Library of Medicine (NLM).* Biblioteca Nacional Francesa = Bibliotheque Nationale.* Catálogo Colectivo Nacional = National Union Catalog, NUC.* catálogo nacional = national catalogue.* catástrofe nacional = national disaster.* Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.* Comité Nacional de Asesoramiento (NACO) = National Advisory Committee (NACO).* Consejo Nacional de Profesores de Inglés = National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].* desarrollo de la identidad nacional = nation building.* deuda nacional, la = national debt, the.* Federación Nacional de Asesorías Independientes (FIAC) = National Federation of Independent Advice Centres (FIAC).* Fundación Nacional para las Humanidades (NEH) = National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH).* Guardia Nacional, la = National Guard, the.* himno nacional = national anthem.* idiosincracia nacional = national ethos.* Instituto Nacional de la Salud (INSALUD) = National Institutes of Health (NIH).* intercambio nacional = national exchange.* liberación nacional = national liberation.* MARC de la Bibliografía Nacional Británica = BNB MARC.* Matica Slovenca (Biblioteca Nacional de Yugoslavia) = Matica Slovenska.* mercado nacional = home market, domestic market.* moneda nacional = local currency.* monumento nacional = heritage site, national monument.* movimiento de liberación nacional = national liberation movement.* nacional socialista = National Socialist.* NASA (Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio) = NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).* número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.* número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.* número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.* orgullo nacional = national pride.* Partido Socialista Nacional, el = National Socialist Party, the.* patrimonio nacional = cultural heritage, heritage site.* política de información nacional = national information policy.* política nacional = national politics.* prioridad nacional = national priority.* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).* seguridad nacional = homeland security.* servicio nacional = domestic service.* Sindicato Nacional de Agricultores (NFU) = National Farmers' Union (NFU).* tesoro nacional = national treasure.* universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.* vuelo nacional = domestic flight.* * *1 (de la nación) ‹deuda/reservas› nationalen todo el territorio nacional throughout the countryla bandera nacional the national flagel entrenador de la selección nacional the national team's coach, the Spanish ( o Colombian etc) team's coach2 (no regional) ‹prensa/comité› nationalun programa de difusión nacional a program broadcast nationwideuna campaña a nivel nacional a nationwide o countrywide o national campaigna escala nacional on a national scale3 (no internacional) ‹vuelo› domestic, internal; ‹mercado› home ( before n), domestic[ S ] salidas nacionales domestic departures4 (no extranjero) nationalproteger la industria nacional to protect national industrycompre productos nacionales ≈ buy British ( o American etc)la ginebra nacional es muy buena Spanish ( o Argentinian etc) gin is very goodpasamos ahora a la información nacional now, the national news1 ( frml) (ciudadano) national2los Nacionales (fuerzas franquistas) the Nationalists* * *
nacional adjetivo
un programa de difusión nacional a program broadcast nationwide
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (frml) ( ciudadano) national
nacional
I adjetivo
1 national
un coche de fabricación nacional, a home-produced car
2 (interior, no internacional) domestic: la nueva empresa está ganando terreno en el mercado nacional, the new company is gaining ground in the home market
llegadas nacionales, domestic arrivals
3 Hist el frente nacional, the national front
II m pl los nacionales, the Nationalists
dos nacionales vinieron en busca de reclutas, two Nationalists came looking for recruits
' nacional' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ámbito
- carretera
- CNMV
- dicotomía
- DNI
- documento
- fiesta
- himno
- INEM
- Insalud
- INSERSO
- mercado
- parador
- PNB
- policía
- salud
- sanear
- selección
- territorio
- UNED
- canción
- ejecutar
- guardabosque
- herencia
- instituto
- monumento
- ONCE
- patrimonio
- RENFE
- vuelo
English:
advertise
- anthem
- bank holiday
- domestic
- edge
- GNP
- Gross National Product
- holiday
- home
- ID
- legal holiday
- NASA
- national
- national costume
- National Health Service
- national park
- National Trust
- nationally
- nationwide
- preclude
- route
- state-owned
- country
- gross
- involve
- major
- star
* * *♦ adj1. [de la nación] national;el equipo nacional the national team;la moneda nacional the national currency;el ron es la bebida nacional rum is the national drink2. [del Estado] national;monumento/biblioteca nacional national monument/library3. [vuelo] domestic4. [mercado, noticias] domestic, home;una cadena de televisión de ámbito nacional a national television channel;consuma productos nacionales buy British/Spanish/ etc products♦ nacionales nmplEsp Histlos nacionales the Nationalists* * *adj national* * *nacional adj: nationalnacional nmfciudadano: national, citizen* * *nacional adj1. (en general) national2. (producto, mercado, vuelo) domestic -
42 ETA
1 ( Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna) Basque Land and Liberty (radical Basque separatist movement)* * *SF ABR Esp(Pol) = Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ≈ Patria Vasca y Libertad, ETA* * *['eta]femenino (= Euskadi ta Azkatasuna) ETA•• Cultural note:ETA, meaning "Basque homeland and liberty", is a terrorist organization founded in 1959 to fight for Basque independence. Its political wing, established in 1978 as Herri Batasuna (Popular Unity) and now called batasuna (Unity), has a number of elected representatives on local councils and in the Basque parliament. Opinion polls show a majority of Basques are opposed to the political violence and murder campaigns espoused by ETA* * *['eta]femenino (= Euskadi ta Azkatasuna) ETA•• Cultural note:ETA, meaning "Basque homeland and liberty", is a terrorist organization founded in 1959 to fight for Basque independence. Its political wing, established in 1978 as Herri Batasuna (Popular Unity) and now called batasuna (Unity), has a number of elected representatives on local councils and in the Basque parliament. Opinion polls show a majority of Basques are opposed to the political violence and murder campaigns espoused by ETA* * */ˈeta/ETA - Euskadi ta Askatasuna (↑ ETA a1)(= Euskadi ta Azkatasuna) ETA* * *
ETA /'eta/ sustantivo femenino (◊ Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna) ETA
ETA f (abr de Euskadi ta Askatasuna o País Vasco y Libertad) Basque Country and Freedom, the Basque terrorist group
' ETA' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
GAL
- etarra
* * *ETA, = terrorist Basque separatist organization* * *f abr (= Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) ETA, Basque separatist movement -
43 courant
courant, e [kuʀɑ̃, ɑ̃t]1. adjectivea. ( = normal) [dépenses] everyday ; [modèle, taille] standardb. ( = fréquent) commonc. ( = en cours) [année, semaine] current2. masculine nouna. [de cours d'eau, mer, atmosphère] current• courant d'air froid/chaud (Meteorology) cold/warm air currentb. ( = mouvement) movement• on s'est rencontré un soir et le courant est tout de suite passé we met one evening and hit it off straight away (inf)d. ( = cours) dans le courant du mois in the course of the monthe. ► au courant• oui, je suis au courant yes, I know• si jamais ça recommence, tenez-moi au courant if it happens again let me know3. feminine noun* * *kuʀɑ̃
I
II
1.
courante kuʀɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif1) ( fréquent) [mot, pratique, erreur] common2) ( ordinaire) [langue] everyday; [procédure, fonctionnement] usual, ordinary; Commerce [taille] standard3) ( avec référence temporelle) [semaine, mois, année, prix] current
2.
nom masculin1) (mouvement de l'eau, de l'air) currentcontre le courant — lit against the current; fig against the tide
suivre le courant — lit to go with the current, to go downstream; fig to go with the flow
remonter le courant — fig to get back on one's feet
2) Électrotechnique currentle courant passe bien entre elle et lui — fig they get on very well
3) ( tendance) trend4) ( déplacement) movement5) ( période)
3.
au courant locution adjective1) ( informé)mettre quelqu'un au courant — to put somebody in the picture, to fill somebody in (de about)
2) ( au fait)pour les questions techniques demande à Paul, il est très au courant — for technical questions ask Paul, he knows all about it
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *kuʀɑ̃, ɑ̃t courant, -e1. adj1) (= fréquent) commonC'est une erreur courante. — It's a common mistake.
2) (= normal) standardC'est un modèle courant. — It's a standard model.
3) (= en cours) (affaires, dépenses, balance, transactions) currentSee:2. nm1) (électrique) current, powerle courant passe entre fig Le courant passe entre ces deux passionnés de musique. — These two music-lovers get on like a house on fire.
2) [cours d'eau] current3) (= tendance) trendêtre au courant de [fait, nouvelle] — to know about
Je ne suis pas au courant de ses projets pour l'été. — I don't know about her plans for the summer.
mettre qn au courant (d'une nouvelle) — to tell sb, (pour un travail) to teach sb the basics, to brief sb
mettre qn au courant de [fait, nouvelle] — to tell sb about, [travail] to teach sb the basics of, to brief sb about
se tenir au courant — to keep o.s. up-to-date, to keep up
se tenir au courant de [innovations] — to keep o.s. up-to-date on, to keep up with
J'essaie de me tenir au courant de l'actualité. — I try to keep up with the news.
dans le courant de (= pendant) — during, in the course of
Je le ferai dans le courant de la semaine. — I'll do it some time during the week.
le 10 courant COMMERCE — the 10th inst
* * *I.A adj1 ( fréquent) [mot, pratique, erreur] common; l'expression est de plus en plus courante the expression is becoming increasingly common; il est courant de faire it is common to do;2 ( ordinaire) [langue] everyday; [procédure, fonctionnement] usual, ordinary; Comm [taille] standard;3 ( avec référence temporelle) [semaine, mois, année] current; le 15 du mois courant the 15th of this month, the 15th inst.; bénéfice courant profit for the year.B nm1 ( mouvement de l'eau) current; un courant fort/faible a strong/weak current; il y a beaucoup de courant there's a strong current; nager/ramer contre le courant to swim/to row against the current; aller contre le courant fig to go against the tide; suivre le courant lit to go with the current, to go downstream; fig to go with the flow; remonter le courant [saumon] to swim upstream; [embarcation] to sail against the current; fig [personne, entreprise] to get back on one's feet;3 Électrotech current; courant électrique electric current; il n'y a plus de courant the power has gone off; remettre le courant to switch the power back on; le courant passe lit the power's on; le courant ne passe pas there's no power; le courant passe bien entre elle et lui fig they get on very well; il faut que le courant passe avec le public fig you have to have a good rapport with the audience; certains soirs le courant ne passe pas avec le public fig on some evenings there's just no rapport with the audience;4 ( tendance) trend; un courant culturel/politique/religieux a cultural/political/religious trend; un courant de pensée/d'opinion a current of thought/of opinion;5 ( déplacement) movement; les courants migratoires/de population migratory/population movements; ⇒ plume;6 ( période) dans le courant de in the course of; dans le courant du mois/de l'année/de la journée in the course of the month/of the year/of the day; demain, dans le courant de la journée some time tomorrow.C au courant loc adj1 ( informé) être au courant to know (de qch about sth); tu étais au courant et tu n'as rien dit! you knew and you didn't say anything!; je ne suis pas du tout au courant de ce qu'il veut faire I really don't know what he wants to do; mettre qn au courant to put sb in the picture, to fill sb in (de qch about sth); il serait préférable de les mettre au courant it would be better to put them in the picture; tenir qn au courant to keep sb posted (de qch about sth); tiens-moi au courant de l'affaire, ça m'intéresse keep me posted about the case, I'm interested;2 ( au fait) être très au courant to know all about it; pour les questions techniques demande à Paul, il est très au courant for technical questions ask Paul, he knows all about it; pour un spécialiste il n'a pas l'air très au courant for a specialist he doesn't really seem to know what he's doing; mettre qn au courant to bring sb up to date (de qch on sth); nous vous mettrons au courant du nouveau système we will bring you up to date on the new system; se tenir au courant to keep up to date (de qch on sth); j'essaie de me tenir au courant de ce qui se fait en informatique I'm trying to keep up to date with what's happening in computing.D courante nfcourant d'air draught GB, draft US; faire courant d'air to make a draught (avec with); leur fils est un vrai courant d'air hum their son is never in one place for more than five minutes at a time; courant alternatif, CA alternating current, AC; courant ascendant updraught; courant atmosphérique Aviat air flow; Météo air stream; courant continu, CC direct current, DC; courant descendant Aviat downdraught; courant d'induction or induit Électrotech induction current; courant porteur carrier current.II.courant prép some time in; courant janvier some time in January.Ien anglais courant in everyday ou conversational English3. [normal - modèle, pointure] standard4. [actuel] current————————courante nom féminin(familier) [diarrhée]II[kurɑ̃] nom masculin1. ÉLECTRICITÉcourant alternatif/continu alternating/direct currentb. (figuré) to follow the crowd, to go with the tidenager contre ou remonter le courant3. [dans l'air] currentcourant (atmosphérique) airstream, currentles courants de l'opinion currents ou trends in public opinion————————au courant locution adjectivale[informé]personne/journal bien au courant well-informed person/paperil est parti mais les gens au courant n'ont rien dit he left but those who knew about it ou who were in the know kept quiet————————au courant locution adverbialese tenir au courant to keep abreast of things ou oneself informedmettre quelqu'un au courant to let somebody know, to fill somebody intenir quelqu'un au courant to keep somebody posted ou informed————————au courant de locution prépositionnelle1. [informé de]2. (littéraire) [au fil de]a. [rapidement] to dash something offb. [sans effort] to pen something with easedans le courant de locution prépositionnellein ou during the course of -
44 перемещения
migrations (cм.), movement(s), nomadism, roamimg, travelingAs stated previously, however, deep snow confined lions to the drainage, usually below 5,500-6,000 ft, and restricts movement other than down-drainage .Life in the High Arctic made extensive traveling necessary, and by means of dog sledges the Eskimos were capable of covering great distances within a short time. This extensive nomadism facilitated the exchange of experience and the diffusion of cultural elements through the whole community .The continuous traveling tended to maintain a specific cultural resemblance across vast areas .Русско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > перемещения
-
45 Lisbon
Lisboa in Portuguese, is the capital of Portugal and capital of the Lisbon district. The city population is just over half a million; greater Lisbon area contains at least 2.5 million. Located on the north bank of one of the greatest harbors in Europe, formed from the estuary of the Tagus River, which flows into the Atlantic, Lisbon has a long and illustrious history. A site of Phoenician and Greek trading communities, Lisbon became an important Roman city. Its name, Lisboa, in Portuguese and Spanish, is a corruption of its Roman name, Felicitas Julia. The city experienced various waves of invaders. Muslims seized it from the Visigoths in the eighth century, and after a long siege Muslim Lisbon fell to the Portuguese Christian forces of King Afonso Henriques in 1147.Lisbon, built on a number of hills, saw most of its major palaces and churches constructed between the 14th and 18th centuries. In the 16th century, the city became the Aviz dynasty's main capital and seat, and a royal palace was built in the lower city along the harbor where ships brought the empire's riches from Africa, Asia, and Brazil. On 1 November 1755, a devastating earthquake wrecked a large part of the main city and destroyed the major buildings, killed or displaced scores of thousands of people, and destroyed important historical records and artifacts. The king's prime minister, the Marquis of Pombal, ordered the city rebuilt. The main lower city center, the baixa ("down town"), was reconstructed according to a master plan that laid out a square grid of streets, spacious squares, and broad avenues, upon which were erected buildings of a uniform height and design. Due to the earthquake's destruction, few buildings, with the exception of the larger cathedrals and palaces, predate 1755. The Baixa Pombalina, as this part of Lisbon is known, was the first planned city in Europe.Lisbon is more than the political capital of Portugal, the site of the central government's offices, the legislative, and executive buildings. Lisbon is the economic, social, and cultural capital of the country, as well as the major educational center that contains almost half the country's universities and secondary schools.The continuing importance of Lisbon as the country's political heart and mind, despite the justifiable resentment of its northern rival, Oporto, and the university town of Coimbra, was again illustrated in the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which began with a military coup by the Armed Forces Movement there. The Estado Novo was overthrown in a largely bloodless coup organized by career junior military officers whose main strategy was directed toward the conquest and control of the capital. Once the Armed Forces Movement had the city of Lisbon and environs under its control by the afternoon of 25 April 1974, its mastery of the remainder of the country was assured.Along with its dominance of the country's economy, politics, and government, Lisbon's cultural offerings remain impressive. The city is a treasure house that contains hundreds of historic houses and squares, churches and cathedrals, ancient palaces, and castles, some reconstructed to appear as they were before the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. There are scores of museums and libraries. Among the more outstanding museums open to the public are the Museu de Arte Antiga and the museums of the Gulbenkian Foundation. -
46 civil rights
1) юр. гражданские права (права человека на какие-л. действия, учрежденные каким-л. законом или конституцией и принадлежащие человеку благодаря тому, что он является гражданином какого-л. государства)Syn:Ant:freedom of information, freedom of petition, freedom of movement, political right, Marshall, Thomas HumphreySee:cultural rights, ecological rights, economic rights, freedom of association, freedom of expression, freedom of information, freedom of assembly, freedom of movement, freedom of petition, liberal rights, freedom of conscience, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, personal rights, political right, social rights, human rights, civic affairs, civil duty, civic education, civics, civil death, civil disobedience, civil rights movement, civitas, constitution, constitutional contract, disenfranchise, Abbassy v. Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom, Abulaziz, Cabalos and Balkandali v United Kingdom2) юр. гражданское право (в типологии Т. Х. Маршалла: право на волеизъявление, право на информацию, свобода объединений, равенство перед законом)See:freedom of information, freedom of petition, freedom of movement, political right, Marshall, Thomas Humphrey
* * *
гражданские права (напр., право владеть собственностью).* * ** * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
47 euskera
f.Basque language, Euskera.* * *1 (idioma) Basque* * *eusquera adjetivo/masculino Basque•• Cultural note:The language of the Basque Country and Navarre, spoken by around 750,000 people; in Spanish vasco or vascuence. It is also spelled euskara. Basque is unrelated to the Indo-European languages and its origins are unclear. Like Spain's other regional languages, Basque was banned under Franco. With the return of democracy, it became an official language alongside Spanish, in the regions where it is spoken. It is a compulsory school subject and is required for many official and administrative posts in the Basque Country. There is Basque language television and radio and a considerable number of books are published in Basque. See also lenguas cooficiales* * *eusquera adjetivo/masculino Basque•• Cultural note:The language of the Basque Country and Navarre, spoken by around 750,000 people; in Spanish vasco or vascuence. It is also spelled euskara. Basque is unrelated to the Indo-European languages and its origins are unclear. Like Spain's other regional languages, Basque was banned under Franco. With the return of democracy, it became an official language alongside Spanish, in the regions where it is spoken. It is a compulsory school subject and is required for many official and administrative posts in the Basque Country. There is Basque language television and radio and a considerable number of books are published in Basque. See also lenguas cooficiales* * *el euskera= Basque language, the.Ex: The Basque language is an inflected language whose origin is still somewhat puzzling.
* * *adj/mBasqueThe language of the Basque Country and Navarre, spoken by around 750,000 people; in Spanish vasco or vascuence. It is also spelled euskara. Basque is unrelated to the Indo-European languages and its origins are unclear.Like Spain's other regional languages, Basque was banned under Franco. With the return of democracy, it became an official language alongside Spanish, in the regions where it is spoken. It is a compulsory school subject and is required for many official and administrative posts in the Basque Country. There is Basque language television and radio and a considerable number of books are published in Basque. See also lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1)* * *
euskera,◊ eusquera adjetivo / noun masculine
Basque
euskera, eusquera m (idioma) Basque
' euskera' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
eusquera
- noción
- resistirse
English:
Basque
* * *euskera, eusquera, euskara nmBasqueEUSKERAEuskera (or Basque) is one of several official languages in Spain. It is spoken in the northern Spanish region of Euskadi (the Basque Country), in the neighbouring province of Navarra, and in the Basque region of France. Its origin is unknown as it is not an Indo-European language. For decades euskera was either banned or officially unrecognized, and as a consequence it was mainly spoken only in rural areas. However, in recent times it has re-emerged with the support of the Basque nationalist movement and is being promoted as the official language for use in schools and education, and a growing number of schoolchildren can now speak the language. Today euskera is used by an increasing number of well-known authors, including the internationally acclaimed Bernardo Atxaga.* * *euskera nm: Basque (language)* * *euskera n Basque -
48 gallego
adj.Galician.m.Galician, native of Galicia.* * *► adjetivo1 Galician► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (persona) Galician1 (idioma) Galician————————1 (idioma) Galician* * *gallego, -a1. ADJ1) (=de Galicia) Galician2) LAm pey Spanish2. SM / F1) (=de Galicia) Galician2) LAm pey Spaniard3. SM1) (Ling) Galician2) (=viento) north-west windGALLEGO Gallego, a romance language dating back to the 12th century and closely related to Portuguese, is spoken by most of the inhabitants of Galicia. During the Franco régime, the use of Galician and other minority national languages was prohibited in the media and in public institutions. It has enjoyed lengua cooficial status alongside castellano since 1981. There are several dialects of the language and formal attempts to standardize them in the 1970s were unsuccessful. However, a standard form is now beginning to emerge naturally in the larger urban areas.See:ver nota culturelle LENGUAS COOFICIALES in lengua* * *I- ga adjetivoa) ( de Galicia) Galicianb) (AmL fam) ( español) SpanishII- ga masculino, femeninoa) ( de Galicia) Galicianb) (AmL fam) ( español) Spaniardc) gallego masculino (Ling) Galician•• Cultural note:The language of Galicia, spoken by around 3 million people. It is an official requirement for many official and academic positions, and a compulsory school subject. Galician, a Romance language close to Portuguese, was banned under Franco but with the return to democracy, it became an official language in Galicia beside Castilian. Nowadays there is Galician radio and television, and a considerable amount of publishing in the language. Galician has less social prestige than Catalan and Basque in their homelands. The middle classes have largely opted to use Castilian. See also lenguas cooficiales* * *I- ga adjetivoa) ( de Galicia) Galicianb) (AmL fam) ( español) SpanishII- ga masculino, femeninoa) ( de Galicia) Galicianb) (AmL fam) ( español) Spaniardc) gallego masculino (Ling) Galician•• Cultural note:The language of Galicia, spoken by around 3 million people. It is an official requirement for many official and academic positions, and a compulsory school subject. Galician, a Romance language close to Portuguese, was banned under Franco but with the return to democracy, it became an official language in Galicia beside Castilian. Nowadays there is Galician radio and television, and a considerable amount of publishing in the language. Galician has less social prestige than Catalan and Basque in their homelands. The middle classes have largely opted to use Castilian. See also lenguas cooficiales* * *1 (de Galicia) Galicianmasculine, feminineA1 (de Galicia) GalicianBThe language of Galicia, spoken by around 3 million people. It is an official requirement for many official and academic positions, and a compulsory school subject.Galician, a Romance language close to Portuguese, was banned under Franco but with the return to democracy, it became an official language in Galicia beside Castilian. Nowadays there is Galician radio and television, and a considerable amount of publishing.Galician has less social prestige than Catalan and Basque in their homelands. The middle classes have largely opted to use Castilian. See also lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1).* * *
gallego 1◊ -ga adjetivo
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
gallego 2 sustantivo masculino ( idioma) Galician
gallego,-a
I adjetivo
1 Galician
2 LAm pey Spanish
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 Galician, native of Galicia
2 LAm pey Spaniard
III m (idioma) Galician
' gallego' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cepa
- gallega
English:
Galician
* * *gallego, -a♦ adj1. [de Galicia] Galician♦ nm,f1. [de Galicia] Galician♦ nm[lengua] GalicianGALLEGOGallego (“Galician”) is one of the four official languages spoken in Spain. It is spoken in the northwestern region of Galicia. Like Spanish and Catalan, it stems from late Latin, and it has many similarities to Portuguese in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. For decades Galician was either banned or officially unrecognized, and as a consequence it was mainly spoken in traditional or rural areas. However, in recent times it has re-emerged with the support of the Galician nationalist movement and is being promoted as the official language for use in schools and education. Although many Galician-born authors have written mainly or exclusively in Spanish, one of Spain's greatest nineteenth century poets, Rosalía de Castro, wrote much of her poetry in Gallego. Today Galician is used by an increasing number of well-known authors, one of the best-known of whom is the poet and short story writer Manuel Rivas.* * *I adj1 Galician2 Rpl famSpanishII m, gallega f1 Galician2 Rpl famSpaniard* * *gallego, -ga adj1) : Galiciangallego, -ga n1) : Galician* * *gallego adj n Galician -
49 France
The continental European country with which Portugal has had the closest and most friendly relations since the Middle Ages and whose culture since early modern times has been the most important model for Portugal's culture. Beginning in the Reconquest, French groups assisted the Portuguese in fighting the Muslims, and Portugal's first royal dynasty was Burgundian. Various French religious orders settled in Portugal and brought new skills and ideas. Franco-Portuguese relations in diplomacy went through various phases after a virtual break between the two monarchies during the Hundred Years' War and Castile's campaigns to conquer Portugal up to the battle of Aljubarrota (1385), when France was the main ally of Castile. France gave Portugal vital assistance in the 16th and 17th centuries against Spanish aggression. French aid was given to Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato, who opposed Filipe's domination of Portugal, and to restoration Portugal during the War of Restoration (1640-68). With the important exception of the disastrous Napoleonic invasions and war (1807-11), Franco-Portuguese relations in diplomacy, trade, and culture were exceptionally good from the first quarter of the 19th century.In part as a response to unpopular Castilianization during Spain's domination, the Portuguese found French culture a comforting, novel foil and prestigious alternative. Despite Great Britain's dominance in matters commercial, diplomatic, and political under the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, French culture and politics came to enjoy primary importance in Portugal. Even in commerce, France was Portugal's third or fourth best customer during the 19th century. Especially between 1820 and 1960, French influence provided a major model for the well-educated.A brief list of some key political, literary, philosophical, and artistic ideas Portugal eagerly embraced is suggestive. King Pedro IV's 1826 Charter ( A Carta) was directly modeled on an early French constitution. French models of liberalism and socialism prevailed in politics; impressionism in art; romanticism and realism, Parnassian-ism, and symbolism in literature; positivism and Bergsonianism in philosophy, etc. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Portuguese language, including vocabulary and orthography (spelling), experienced extensive Frenchification. French became the second language of Portugal's elite, providing access to knowledge and information vital for the education and development of isolated Portugal.French cultural influences became pervasive and entered the country by various means: through the French invasions before 1811, trade and commerce, improved international communication and transportation, Portuguese emigration to France (which became a mass movement after 1950), and close diplomatic and intellectual relations. An example of the importance of French culture until recently, when British and American cultural influences have become more significant, was that works in French dominated foreign book sections in Portuguese bookstores. If Portugal retained the oldest diplomatic link in world history with Britain, its chief cultural model until recently was France. Until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the largest portion of Portugal's educated elite studying abroad resided in France and took French higher degrees. The pattern of Portuguese students in higher education abroad has diversified in the years since, and now a significant portion are studying in other European continental states as well as in Britain and the United States. Diplomatic posts in France rank high in the pecking order of Portugal's small foreign service. -
50 protesta
f.1 protest.2 outcry.3 promise, oath, vow, adjuration.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: protestar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: protestar.* * *1 protest2 DERECHO objection\en protesta por in protest against, as a protest againstmovimiento de protesta protest movement* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=queja) protestlos gritos de protesta fueron silenciados con aplausos — shouts of protest were drowned by the applause
déjate de protestas porque no pienso dejarte ir — you can stop protesting because I'm not going to let you go
en señal de protesta contra o por algo — in protest against sth
2) frm (=declaración) protestation* * *1)a) ( queja) protesthacer una protesta — to make o lodge a protest
b) ( manifestación) demonstration, protest march (o rally etc)* * *= cry, protestation, protest, uproar, contestation, cri de coeur.Ex. The cry is often heard that it is impossible to put nonbook materials on open shelves because they will be stolen.Ex. In spite of their protestations to the contrary, most bosses prefer subordinates whom they get along with, who cause them no anxiety, who quietly accept their decisions, who praise them.Ex. From 1982 however economy measures were introduced and the libraries adjusted to this under protest.Ex. The film tells of the uproar the librarian created when he extended an invitation to an advocate of theories on black inferiority to address a high school assembly.Ex. These relations are constructed through negotiations and contestations that cannot be easily divorced from cultural context.Ex. It is a cri de coeur on behalf of the oppressed people of Palestine.----* canción de protesta = protest song.* canción protesta = protest song.* en señal de protesta = in protest.* hacer una protesta = make + protest.* lanzar gritos de protesta = cry of protest + go up.* protesta clamorosa = outcry.* protesta generalizada = public outcry.* protesta + no hacerse esperar = cry + ring out.* protesta pacífica = peaceful protest, peaceful protest.* protesta popular = street protest.* protesta pública = public protest.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* * *1)a) ( queja) protesthacer una protesta — to make o lodge a protest
b) ( manifestación) demonstration, protest march (o rally etc)* * *= cry, protestation, protest, uproar, contestation, cri de coeur.Ex: The cry is often heard that it is impossible to put nonbook materials on open shelves because they will be stolen.
Ex: In spite of their protestations to the contrary, most bosses prefer subordinates whom they get along with, who cause them no anxiety, who quietly accept their decisions, who praise them.Ex: From 1982 however economy measures were introduced and the libraries adjusted to this under protest.Ex: The film tells of the uproar the librarian created when he extended an invitation to an advocate of theories on black inferiority to address a high school assembly.Ex: These relations are constructed through negotiations and contestations that cannot be easily divorced from cultural context.Ex: It is a cri de coeur on behalf of the oppressed people of Palestine.* canción de protesta = protest song.* canción protesta = protest song.* en señal de protesta = in protest.* hacer una protesta = make + protest.* lanzar gritos de protesta = cry of protest + go up.* protesta clamorosa = outcry.* protesta generalizada = public outcry.* protesta + no hacerse esperar = cry + ring out.* protesta pacífica = peaceful protest, peaceful protest.* protesta popular = street protest.* protesta pública = public protest.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* * *A1 (queja) protestacallaron la protesta they silenced the protesthacer una protesta to make o lodge a protestuna campaña de protesta a protest campaignno acudió a la reunión en señal de protesta she did not attend the meeting in protesthizo protestas de su inocencia he protested his innocence ( frml)bajo protesta under protest2 (manifestación) demonstration, protest march ( o rally etc)cumplieron con su protesta they kept their promise o wordle tomaron la protesta al nuevo presidente the new president was sworn inrendir protesta to take an oathbajo protesta under oath* * *
Del verbo protestar: ( conjugate protestar)
protesta es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
protesta
protestar
protesta sustantivo femenino
1
2 (Méx)
◊ cumplieron con su protesta they kept their promise o wordb) See Also→
protestar ( conjugate protestar) verbo intransitivo
protesta CONTRA algo to protest against o about sth
protesta POR or DE algo to complain about sth
protesta sustantivo femenino
1 protest: la subida del transporte produjo una protesta general, there was a general protest against the public transportion price increase
2 Jur objection
protestar verbo intransitivo
1 (manifestar desacuerdo) to protest: vamos a protestar contra la subida de impuestos, we're going to protest against the rise in taxes
2 (quejarse) to complain: siempre está protestando por el frío, he's always complaining about the cold
3 Jur to object
4 Com to protest
' protesta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
denuncia
- encabezar
- encierro
- fija
- fijo
- pataleo
- patear
- pitada
- queja
- reprimir
- sofocar
- aire
- desencadenar
- enérgico
- grito
- masivo
- pitar
- sentada
- si
- sumar
English:
fuss
- heckling
- jeer
- mass
- mount
- occupy
- outcry
- peaceful
- protest
- public outcry
- register
- representation
- squash
- sweep aside
- vociferous
- march
- objection
- out
- up
- walk
* * *protesta nf1. [queja] protest;se manifestaron en protesta por la realización de pruebas nucleares they demonstrated in protest at the nuclear tests;bajo protesta under protest;en señal de protesta in protest2. [manifestación] protest3. Der objection;se admite la protesta objection sustained;protesta denegada objection overruled* * *f1 protest2 Méxpromesa promise;cumplir con su protesta keep one’s promise* * *protesta nf1) : protest* * *protesta n protest -
51 capital
adj.1 supreme (importante).2 main (principal).3 deadly (religion) (pecado).4 principal, main, capital.f.capital.m.1 capital (economics & finance).capital circulante/fijo/social working/fixed/share capitalcapital líquido liquid assetscapital bajo riesgo sum at riskcapital de riesgo venture capital, risk capitalcapital social share capital2 capital city, chief city, capital, chief town.3 principal, total assets, assets, capital sum.* * *► adjetivo1 (principal) capital, principal, main, chief2 (relativo a la pérdida de la cabeza) deadly, capital■ un pecado capital a deadly sin, a cardinal sin3 (ciudad) capital1 FINANZAS capital1 capital, chief town\capital activo working capitalcapital inicial capitalcapital líquido net capitalcapital social share capitalcapital de provincia county town, US county seat* * *1. adj.1) main, chief, key2) capital2. noun f.* * *1. ADJ1) (=clave) [nombre, personaje] key; [rasgo] mainesta pregunta es de importancia capital — this question is of paramount o cardinal o capital importance
esto tuvo una importancia capital en su vida — this was of paramount o cardinal importance in his life
los puntos capitales de su discurso — the cardinal o main points of her speech
2) (=mortal)3) LAm2.SM (Econ) [de empresa] capital; [de persona] capital, moneycapital en acciones — share capital, equity capital
capital extranjero, la entrada de capital extranjero — the inflow of foreign capital
han vendido la empresa al capital extranjero — they have sold the company to foreign capital o investors
capital riesgo — risk capital, venture capital
3. SF1) [de país] capital (city); [de provincia] main city, provincial capitalPraga, la capital europea de la cerveza — Prague, the beer capital of Europe
2) (Tip) decorated initial capital* * *Iadjetivo < importancia> cardinal, prime; < influencia> seminal (frml); < obra> key, seminal (frml); < letra> capitalII1) (Com, Fin) capital2) (recursos, riqueza) resources (pl)III1)a) ( de país) capital; ( de provincia) provincial capital, ≈ county seat ( in US), ≈ county town ( in UK)b) ( centro) capital2) ( letra) capital* * *Iadjetivo < importancia> cardinal, prime; < influencia> seminal (frml); < obra> key, seminal (frml); < letra> capitalII1) (Com, Fin) capital2) (recursos, riqueza) resources (pl)III1)a) ( de país) capital; ( de provincia) provincial capital, ≈ county seat ( in US), ≈ county town ( in UK)b) ( centro) capital2) ( letra) capital* * *capital11 = capital city, capital.Nota: Ciudad.Ex: The capital city of London has some major general bookshops and a number of specialist bookshops which are virtually national suppliers.
Ex: For this purpose, press and information offices have been established in the capitals of the ten member countries.* capital de la nación = nation-state capital.* capital del estado = nation-state capital, state capital.* capital de provincia = provincial capital.* capital estatal = state capital.capital22 = assets, capital.Nota: Dinero.Ex: Those eligible normally include only companies with less than 45 million of net fixed assets and fewer than 500 employees.
Ex: Repayments is normally by equal half-yearly payments of capital and interest after a moratorium on capital repayments of up to five years, depending on project completion date.* capital activo = working capital.* capital cognitivo = knowledge assets.* capital cultural = cultural asset.* capital de riesgo = venture capital.* capital desembolsado = paid-up capital.* capital digital = digital assets.* capital económico = financial capital.* capital en obligaciones = debenture capital, debenture stock.* capital fijo = fixed capital.* capital físico = physical capital.* capital humano = human capital.* capital iniciador = seeding money, seed money.* capital intelectual = intellectual capital.* capitalista que presta capital de riesgo = venture capitalist.* capital social = social capital.* desembolso de capital = capital outlay.* flujo de capital = capital flow.* gastos de capital = capital costs, capital investment, capital expenditure.* inmovilizar capital = tie up + capital.* intereses del capital = capital charges.* inversión de capital = capital costs, capital investment, capital expenditure.* invertir capital = sink + capital.* mercado de capitales = financial market, capital market.* pagar capital = repay + capital.* suma de capital = capital sum.capital33 = pivotal.Ex: His position was pivotal because he was not only the organizer but also the financier and indeed the speculator of the book trade.
* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.* * *aportó el 40% del capital she put up 40% of the capitalCompuestos:circulating o working capitalissued capitalfixed capitalfloating o current assets (pl)nominal capitalpaid-in o paid-up capitalrisk o venture capitalshare capitalB (recursos, riqueza) resources (pl)1 (de país) capital; (de provincia) provincial capital, ≈ county seat ( in US), ≈ county town ( in UK)¿eres de Valencia capital? are you from the city of Valencia o from Valencia itself o from Valencia proper?2 (centro) capitalla capital del vino the wine capital* * *
capital adjetivo ‹ importancia› cardinal, prime;
‹ influencia› seminal (frml);
‹ obra› key, seminal (frml)
■ sustantivo masculinoa) (Com, Fin) capital
■ sustantivo femenino ( de país) capital;
( de provincia) provincial capital, ≈ county seat ( in US), ≈ county town ( in UK);
capital
I sustantivo femenino capital: la orquesta tocará en las principales capitales europeas, the orchestra will play in all the main European capitals
II sustantivo masculino Fin capital
capital activo/social, working/share capital
III adjetivo capital, main
pena capital, capital punishment
' capital' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
capitel
- caudal
- ciudad
- inmovilizar
- mayúscula
- plusvalía
- provincia
- retener
- retención
- social
- versal
- versalita
- villa
- ampliación
- ampliar
- antiguo
- capitalino
- divisa
- doblar
- fuga
- ganancia
- inmediaciones
- invertir
- mayúsculo
- México
- Panamá
- pecado
- pena
- sangría
English:
archives
- capital
- capital gains tax
- capital punishment
- capital reserves
- district
- drain
- equity
- injection
- major
- movement
- opposed
- principal
- share capital
- tie up
- up
- working capital
- against
- big
- caps
- flow
- inject
- put
* * *♦ adj1. [importante] supreme, prime;[error] serious, grave;es de capital importancia que vengan it is of prime o the utmost importance that they come;una obra capital de la literatura universal one of the great works of world literature2. [pecado] deadly♦ nmEcon capital;el capital público/privado public/private capital;he invertido un pequeño capital en el negocio de mi hermano I've invested a small sum in my brother's business;el capital y los trabajadores Capital and Labourcapital activo active capital;capital circulante working capital;capital disponible available capital;capital escriturado share capital, US capital stock;capital especulativo hot money;capital fijo fixed capital;capital flotante floating capital;Am capitales golondrina = speculative capital invested internationally wherever the highest returns are available;capital humano human capital;capital inicial starting capital;capital inmovilizado tied-up capital;capital intelectual intellectual capital;capital invertido capital invested;capital líquido liquid assets;capital productivo active capital;capital (de) riesgo private equity;[para empresas en desarrollo] venture capital, risk capital;entidad de capital riesgo private equity firm;capital social share capital, US capital stock;capital suscrito subscribed capital♦ nf1. [de país, región] capital (city);soy de Teruel capital I'm from the city of Teruel2. [centro] capital;París es la capital mundial del arte Paris is the artistic capital of the worldcapital europea de la cultura European city of culture* * *I adj importancia prime;pena capital capital punishment* * *capital adj1) : capital2) : chief, principalcapital nm: capitalcapital de riesgo: venture capitalcapital nf: capital, capital city* * *capital n capital -
52 Soixante-huit
, or 68the milestone year in French life and politics in the second half of the 20th century, when protests by students and workers almost brought down the French government, and led to sweeping changes in French society. The events of 68 were inspired and led by the young generation of the time, wishing to break out of the rather stuffy and conventional society of the time. They coincided with, though initially took a different form to, the 'youth revolution' in Britain and the USA; but while the UK's youth revolution was essentially social and cultural, and led by pop music and op art, France's revolution was political and cultural, a protest against the weight of the Gaullist state.The events of May 68 started on the drab concrete campus of the sprawling university of Nanterre in the northern suburbs of Paris, and quickly spread to other universities, notably the Sorbonne. Student leaders, among them DanielCohn- Bendit and Alain Krivine, called for radical change and the end of the 'bourgeois state'; students erected barricades in the Latin Quarter, and were soon joined by workers, notably from the huge Renault plant at Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris suburbs. Though political, the movement sidelined all existing political parties, including the Communists, considered by the new left-wing as being an 'obsolete' political force.Faced with turmoil on the streets and a partial collapse of French society, President de Gaulle fled to Germany on 29th May, before returning and promising new elections. But by the time the elections took place, theGrenelle agreements had been negotiated with the trade unions, the heat had died down, and many French people had become seriously alarmed by the turn of events. In the June elections, the Gaullist majority was returned to power with an increased majority.The events nevertheless marked the beginning of the end for de Gaulle. In 1969 he organised a referendum on decentralisation, promising to step down if the referendum failed. To a certain extent, de Gaulle's vision of decentralisation was not that wanted by the voters; but in addition, the referendum became seen as a plebiscite on the Gaullist system, rather than on decentralisation. The referendum proposal was rejected by 52.4% of voters, and de Gaulle stepped down.It is certain that a new France, less hide-bound, more emancipated and more free, emerged in the aftermath of 68. Whether this would have happened anyway, and whether the means justified the end, are questions about which there is still considerable debate in France to this day.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Soixante-huit
-
53 right
In1) право; привилегия- confer on smb. special rights- give a state the right to perform certain acts on the territory of another state- prejudice smb.'s rights- reserve the right to do smth.- reserve to oneself the right to do smth.2) правильность, справедливость3) обыкн. pl действительные факты, истинное положение вещей•IIправая партия, правые, консерваторыправый, реакционный -
54 center
центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС
general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения
hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ
launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]
tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА
— all-sources intelligence center— C center— combat control center— educational center— logistical operations center— logistics services center— operational center— secured communications center— skill development center -
55 turning
ˈtə:nɪŋ
1. сущ.
1) вращение, поворот
2) излучина реки;
поворот дороги
3) токарное ремесло
4) превращение
5) обточка
6) с.-х. вспашка
2. прил.
1) токарный Syn: turner's
2) вращающийся, крутящийся, поворачивающийся, поворотный Syn: revolving поворот (дороги, улицы) take the first * to /on/ the right поверните в первый переулок направо - to come to the * подойти к повороту - one of the major *s in the cultural history of the West один из важнейших поворотных пунктов в культурной истории Запада перекресток - stop at the next * остановитесь на следующем перекрестке излучина( реки) вращение - the * of the Earth вращение Земли виток( проволоки) поворот кругом, поворот на 180 градусов токарное ремесло;
токарная работа, точение pl токарная стружка обточка обработка, отделка( литературного произведения) - skill in the * of phrases владение слогом превращение изменение, отклонение( движения, направления, хода и т. п.) - to take the wrong * свернуть с пути истинного (военное) обход( фланга) гимнастика складка, сгиб( преим. на одежде) (сельскохозяйственное) вспашка - * of stubble пожнивное лущение токарный - * lathe токарный станок( специальное) вращающийся, поворотный - * bridge поворотный мост - * force окружное усилие - * movement( военное) обход чередующийся;
сменяющий друг друга - * seasons чередующиеся времена года turning вращающийся, поворотный ~ вращение ~ с.-х. вспашка ~ излучина (реки) ;
перекресток;
поворот (улицы, дороги) ~ обточка ~ превращение ~ pres. p. от turn ~ токарное ремесло;
токарная работа ~ токарный;
turning lathe токарный станок ~ токарный;
turning lathe токарный станок -
56 turning
1. [ʹtɜ:nıŋ] n1. 1) поворот (дороги, улицы)take the first turning to /on/ the right [the left] - поверните в первый переулок направо [налево]
one of the major turnings in the cultural history of the West - один из важнейших поворотных пунктов в культурной истории Запада
2) перекрёсток3) излучина ( реки)2. 1) вращение2) виток ( проволоки)3) поворот кругом, поворот на 180 градусов3. 1) токарное ремесло; токарная работа, точение2) pl токарная стружка4. 1) обточка2) обработка, отделка ( литературного произведения)5. превращение6. 1) изменение, отклонение (движения, направления, хода и т. п.)2) воен. обход ( фланга)7. гимнастика8. складка, сгиб (преим. на одежде)9. с.-х. вспашка2. [ʹtɜ:nıŋ] a1. токарный2. спец. вращающийся, поворотныйturning movement - воен. обход
3. чередующийся; сменяющий друг друга -
57 capital
1. сущ.1) капитала) эк. (совокупность реальных и финансовых активов, которые могут быть использованы для получения прибыли)Eurobonds provide an important capital source for multinational companies and foreign governments. — Еврооблигации представляют важный источник капитала для мультинациональных компаний и иностранных правительств.
See:authorized capital, brain capital, called-up capital, circulating capital, debt capital, equity capital, financial capital, issued capital, merchant capital, net working capital, paid-in capital, physical capital, tenant's capital, capital account, capital control, capital export, capital flight, capital flow, capital import, capital inflow, capital influx, capital investment, capital lease, capital mobility, capital movement, capital spending, capital transfers, cost of capital, shareholders' equity, capitalization, decapitalize, capital redemption policy, capital-protected annuityб) общ. (в самом широком смысле: любой ресурс, являющийся источником какой-л. выгоды, напр., репутация, связи и т. д.); выгода, преимуществоto make capital by [out of\] smth. — нажить капитал на чем-л.; получить преимущество от чего-л.
The Opposition made a lot of capital out of the Minister's mistake on TV. — Оппозиция получила немалую выгоду от ошибки министра в эфире телевидения.
See:cultural capital, economic capital 1), human capital, manufactured capital, natural capital, social capital, symbolic capitalв) эк. (один из факторов производства (наряду с землей и трудом); накопленный запас результатов прошлого труда, необходимый для создания материальных благ в будущем)г) маркс. (стоимость, которая посредством использования наемной рабочей силы приносит прибавочную стоимость, самовозрастает)See:2) фин., банк. основная сумма (долга); тело кредита ( в отличие от процентов)See:3) эк., соц. капиталисты, класс капиталистов, капиталa conflict of interest between capital and labour — конфликт интересов между капиталом и трудом [трудящимися и капиталистами\]
4) общ. столица, административный центр2. прил.Washington is the capital of the USA. — Вашингтон — столица США.
1) общ. главный, основной, капитальный, важнейший, ведущийcapital city — столица, столичный город
2) юр. тяжкий, караемый смертьюSee:3) общ., разг. превосходныйHe was a capital companion. — Он был замечательным партнером по бизнесу.
* * *
капитал: 1) участие акционеров (владельцев) в компании; 2) денежные средства в виде реальных и финансовых активов, долгосрочные инвестиции для финансирования деятельности компании; см. authorized capital;called-in capital;* * ** * *. Средства, инвестированные в компанию . Sometimes used as a synonym for the owner's equity in a business. Словарь экономических терминов .* * *Банки/Банковские операции1. капиталчасть накопленных чистых доходов, являющаяся собственностью банка; предназначена исключительно для капитализацииБанки/Банковские операции-----деньги, вложенные их владельцами в организацию, чтобы она начала действовать -
58 culture jamming
соц. культивирование*, культурное сопротивление*, создание культурных помех* (использование элементов популярной культуры, часто рекламы, для создания альтернативных символов, высказываний, плакатов и т. д., оказывающих идеологическое воздействие на людей; термин был впервые использован группой активистов Negativland)Syn:sniggling, culture jam 1.See: -
59 social organization
1) соц. социальная организация (относительно устойчивая структура общества, которая представляет собой объединение людей, характеризующееся системой целей и функций)See:2) соц. социальная организация ( процесс формирования и функционирования социального объекта)See:3) эк. общественная организация (организация, преследующая достижение социальных целей для своих членов; напр., исторические клубы, организация бойскаутов, движения ветеранов, студенческие и молодежные движения и др.)See: -
60 MCA
1) Геология: Mid- Continent Area2) Биология: срединная мозговая артерия (middle cerebral artery)3) Медицина: Medicines Control Agency (Агенство по контролю над медицинскимми препаратами), main carotid artery (общая сонная артерия)4) Военный термин: MCS Applications, Maneuver Control Agency, Marine Corps Association, Maritime Collection Assets, Military Capabilities Assessment, Military Chaplains Association, Military Civil Action, Mission Concept Approval, Mobile Combat Armor, Monthly Civil Accounts, management and command, ashore, management and control authority, maritime control area, material control adjustment, material control and accountability, material control area, material coordinating agency, military civic action, military construction appropriations, military construction, Army, movement control agency5) Техника: Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Motor Current Analysis, maximum credible accident, mud cleanout agent, multichip array, multiprocessor communications adapter6) Сельское хозяйство: microcombustion apparatus7) Бухгалтерия: Multifamily Capital Access, married couple's allowance9) Ветеринария: Medicines Control Agency10) Оптика: microchannel analyzer12) Телекоммуникации: MicroChannel Architecture (IBM)13) Сокращение: Management Consultants Association, Medium Combat Aircraft (Indian Air Force), Military Construction, Army (US Army), Mobilisation Combat Aircraft, Master Controller Adapter, Maximum Continuous Amperage, Micro-Chemical Analysis, Minimum Circuit Ampacity, Mud Cleaning Agent, Mud-Cut Acid, Multi-protocol Communication Adapter, middle cerebral artery, Master of Customs Administration, Maritime and Coastguard Agency, monochloroacetic acid, монохлоруксусная кислота, Motor Circuit Analysis14) Университет: Malaysian Chinese Association, Melbourne Campus Apartment15) Электроника: Measurement Capability Analysis, Multichannel Analyzer16) Вычислительная техника: Macro Cell Array, Micro Channel Architecture, Mission Critical Applications, Multiprotocol Communication Adapter, Micro Channel Architecture (IBM, PS/2), Model Centric Architecture (Skynamics)17) Нефть: mud cleanout acid or agent, кислота, загрязнённая буровым раствором (mud-cut acid), реагент для очистки бурового раствора (mud cleanout agent)18) Онкология: Medicines Control Agency (UK)19) Банковское дело: сумма валютной компенсации (monetary compensatory amount)20) Биотехнология: minimum class accuracy21) Транспорт: Minimum Crossing Altitude22) Парфюмерия: Агентство по медицинскому контролю23) Фирменный знак: Morris Cohen Associates25) Деловая лексика: Machine Capability Analysis26) Бурение: реагент для очистки от бурового раствора (mud cleanout agent)27) Образование: Multi Cultural Alliance28) Инвестиции: monetary compensatory amount29) Сетевые технологии: Message Channel Agent30) Полимеры: Manufacturing Chemist's Association31) Расширение файла: Micro Channel Adapter/Architecture (IBM)32) Яхтенный спорт: Агентство морской и береговой охраны33) Сотовая связь: mobile communication services on aircraft, сервисы мобильной связи во время полета34) Общественная организация: Military Chaplains' Association of the United States of America35) Должность: Master of Computer Applications36) Единицы измерений: Marine Cranking Amps, Minimum Circuit Amps
См. также в других словарях:
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