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1 θάρσος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `confidence, courage, audacity' (Il.)Other forms: Att. θάρρος (partly a reshaping of hom. θάρσος etc. after Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), Aeol. θέρσος n.Compounds: Compp., e. g. εὑ-θαρσής `of good courage' (A.), θερσι-επής `talking courageously' (B.; on the 1. member Schwyzer 448).Derivatives: θαρσαλέος, - ρρ- `with confidence, courageous' (Il.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 253f.), Θερσίτης PN (Hom. etc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 196; cf Risch Gnomon 23, 160 and Bloch Mus. Helv. 12, 59), θαρσήεις `courageous' (Call., Nonn.; innovation, s. Schwyzer 527); denomin. verb θαρσέω, - ρρ-, aor. θαρσῆσαι `be courageous' (Il.; cf. Schwyzer 724, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349; hardly with Leumann l. c. from εὑθαρσέω with θαρρητικός (Arist.).Etymology: Beside θάρσος, θέρσος we have θρασύς `audacious, courageous, bold' (since Il.), often as 1. member, e. g. θρασυκάρδιος `with audacious heart' (Il.), Rhod. Θαρσύ-βιος, Ther. Θhαρ(ρ)ύ-μαqhος (cf. Bechtel KZ 51, 145; more forms in Schwyzer 284; on the short names are based Θρασύλος also Leumann Glotta 32, 216 and 223 n. 2); from it θρασύτης `boldness' (IA), Θρασώ surn. of Athena (Lyc.), denomin. verb θρασύνω, θαρσύνω, - ρρ- `encourage' (Il.) with θάρσυνος `with confidence' (Il.; best postverbal; cf. Schwyzer 491 and diff. interpretations); comp. θρασίων (Alcm.), θρασύτερος, - ύτατος (Att.); Seiler Steigerungsformen 55f. - Cf. also ἀτάσθαλος. With θρασύς agrees Skt. dhr̥sú- (gramm.); liter. is dhr̥ṣṇú- `bold' after dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti `be audacious'. Full grade θέρσος, for which sec. θάρσος, θράσος through influence of θρασύς, has however in Skt. no agreement (one finds dhárṣa-; would be Gr. *θόρσος). On the other hand Greek replaced the primary verbs by the newly formed θαρσέω, θαρσύνω: Skt. dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti, dhárṣati with the perf. da-dhárṣa = Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-dars `τολμῶ' (wold be Gr. *τέ-θορσ-α), Lith. (with infixed nasal) drį̃sti `dare' (\< IE *dhr̥-n-s-), with analog. present dręsù with the nouns drąsà `boldness', OLith. drįsùs (after drį̃sti. Very doubtful Toch. A tsraṣi, B tsir `strong' (Poucha Archiv Orientální 2, 326, ZDMG 93, 206); s. Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgeschichte 19. - Further forms in Pok. 259, Mayrhofer Wb. 2, 112f., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. drąsùs, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. derzkij; also W.-Hofmann s. īnfestus.Page in Frisk: 1,654-655Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάρσος
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2 ἀνδρεῖος
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3 θαρρέω
θαρσέω+ V 3-1-6-5-20=33 Gn 35,17; Ex 14,13; 20,20; 1 Kgs 17,13; Jl 2,21to be courageous (always imper.) Gn 35,17; to be bold Prv 1,21; to be confident about [ἐπί τινι] Prv 31,11Cf. SPICQ 1978a, 367-371(→καταθαρρέω,,) -
4 εὔτολμος
εὔτολμ-ος, ον,A brave-spirited, courageous,εὔ. ψυχῆς λῆμα Simon.140
;ἀπ' εὐ. φρενός A.Ag. 1302
; of men, v.l. in X.An.1.7.4, etc.: [comp] Comp., Ph.2.122: [comp] Sup., ib.68, D.H.6.14, etc.: usu. in good sense,εὔ. εἶναι κρῖνε, τολμηρὸς δὲ μή Men.Mon. 153
, but iron.,εὔ. ἰατρός Gal.15.913
;κύνες Opp.C.3.383
; εὔ. ἄκεα heroic remedies, Aret.CD1.2; so εὔτολμόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.CA2.1; τὸ εὔ. πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους Andronic.Rhod.p.576 M. Adv. - μως Tyrt.15, A. Ag. 1298, D.S.17.34: [comp] Comp. - ότερον Plu.Sol.14, Aret.CA1.1: [comp] Sup. - ότατα Ph.2.461.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὔτολμος
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5 θαρσητικός
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θαρσητικός
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6 παραστατικός
II bringing to light, displaying, ἑαυτοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου Antioch.Ascal. ap.S.E.M.7.162 ;ἀληθοῦς Stoic.2.73
; indicative, c. gen., τὰ καιροῦ π. (sc. ἐπιρρήματα)οἷον σήμερον D.T.641.28
, cf. A.D.Pron.7.26, al., S.E. M.8.202 ; making manifest, ὁλοτελῶν κόσμων π. Dam.Pr. 224.III able to exhort or rouse, c. gen.,ἀγωνίας Plb.3.43.8
;ὁρμῆς Plu.Lyc. 21
; creating a disposition or propensity,πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Phld. Mus.p.71
K. ;π. πρὸς συνουσίαν S.E.M.1.307
;π. ἀπό τινος εἴς τι Phld.Oec.p.52
J.IV desperately courageous, Plb.16.5.7 ([comp] Comp.). Adv.- κῶς Id.16.28.8
, D.S.18.22 : [comp] Comp.- ώτερον Id.20.11
.VI -κόν, τό, tomb, MAMA3.10, al. (Seleucia ad Calycadnum).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραστατικός
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7 ἀλκήεις
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀλκήεις
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8 ἀνδρεῖος
ἀνδρεῖος, α, ον, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἀνδρ-ήιος, η, ον (codd. of Hdt. have the common form in the [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. ἀνδρειότερος, -ότατος, 1.79, 123), Delph. [full] ἀνδρέος GDI1724, al.:—A of or for a man, στέγη dub. in A.Fr. 124;θαἰμάτια Ar.Ec.75
; opp. γυναικεῖος, Id.Th. 154, Archipp.6D., Pl.R. 451c, X.Mem.2.7.5;πέπλοι Theoc.28.10
(where ἀνδρέϊοι) ; αὐλός (v. αὐλός) Hdt.1.17; ἀ. ἀγορά the men's market, CIG 3657 ([place name] Cyzicus); ἀνδρεῖος (sc. σύλλογος) Test.Epict.1.22, 2.29; vestem virilem,D.L.
3.46; ἀ. ἱμάτιον, = toga virilis, Plu.Brut.14.II manly, masculine, courageous,ῥώμη Hdt.7.153
, etc.; even of women, Arist.Pol. 1277b22, Po. 1454a23; and in bad sense, stubborn,ἀναίσχυντος καὶ ἀ. τὰ τοιαῦτα Luc.Ind.3
: neut., τὸ ἀνδρεῖον, = ἀνδρεία, Th. 2.39; ;ἔβησαν εἰς τἀνδρεῖον Id.Andr. 683
. Adv. , al.: [comp] Sup. .III [full] ἀνδρεῖα, τά, the public meals of the Cretans, also the older name for the Spartan φειδίτια or φιλίτια (q.v.), Alcm.22, Arist. Pol. 1272a3, Plu.Lyc.12, Str.10.4.18 (v.l. ἄνδρια:—also [full] ἀνδρήιον, τό, Cretan for the public hall, GDI4992 a ii 9, cf. 5040.38, al.IV ἀνδρεῖον, τό, = σίνηπι ἄγριον, Ps.-Dsc.2.154.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνδρεῖος
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9 ἀποθρασύυομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποθρασύυομαι
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10 θαρσαλέος
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > θαρσαλέος
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11 ἀνήρ
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `man' (Il.).Other forms: acc. ἄνδρα (Hom. also ἀνέρα, from where ἀνέρος etc.; on the inflexion s. Schwyzer 568β). Atano s. belowCompounds: As first member ἀνδρο-: - κμητος, κτασία; ἀνδραποδον s.v. - As second member - ήνωρ: ῥηξ-, φθεισ- (Hom.); in PN 'Aγ-, Myc. Atano \/Antānōr\/; fem. ἀντι-άνειρα, κυδι-. With - ανδρος: ἄν-, ἕλ-; PN esp. in Asia Minor and Cyprus: ` Ηγησ-, Τερπ-; Hom. Άλεξ-. For the question whether this name is really Greek cf. Myc. arekasadara \/Aleksandrā\/, kesadara \/Kessandrā\/ (note that Myc. -e- shows that this is a substr. name). So the forms are already Myc., but it is still not excluded that they are of non-Greek origin (s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 160ff.) - Kuiper MAWNed. NR. 14: 5 thinks that - ήνωρ and νῶρ-οψ contain an old abstract *ἄνερ, *ἄναρ `vital energy' (IE * h₂ner-; also in Skt. sū-nára- etc.).Derivatives: Demin. ἀνδρίον (Com.); from here, with unclear ντ-Suffix, ἀνδριάς, - άντος `statue' (Pi.), cf. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 84ff., Schwyzer 526: 3 u. 4. ἀνδρ(ε)ών m. `man's apartment' (Hdt.). -Abstracts: ἀνδρεία (- ηίη, - ία) `manliness, courage' (A.); ἀνδροτής, - τῆτος s.s.v. ἠνορέη `id.', Ion. for Aeol. ἀ̄νορέα (\< - ρία), (Kretschmer Glotta 24, 245f.), from a compound (cf. εὑανορία Pi.), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 109f., 123 m. Lit.; - Adjec.: ἀνδρεῖος (Ion. ἀνδρήϊος, cf. Chantr. Form. 52, Schwyzer 468: 3) `manly, courageous', ἀνδρόμεος `human' (Il.; - μεος = Skt. - maya-?).Etymology: ἀνήρ is identical with Arm. ayr, gen. ar̄n `man', Skt. nā́ (stem nar-), NPhryg. αναρ, Ital. ner- in Osc. ner-um `virorum', Lat. Sab. Ner-ō etc. (s. W.-Hofmann s. neriōsus), W. ner `chief', Alb. njer `man'. - Not here Hitt. innar-, in innarau̯atar etwa `(Lebens)kraft, hoheitliche Macht'. - On δρώψ s.s.v. ἄνθρωπος. - Cf. νωρει̃.Page in Frisk: 1,107-108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνήρ
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12 ἀνδρός
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `man' (Il.).Other forms: acc. ἄνδρα (Hom. also ἀνέρα, from where ἀνέρος etc.; on the inflexion s. Schwyzer 568β). Atano s. belowCompounds: As first member ἀνδρο-: - κμητος, κτασία; ἀνδραποδον s.v. - As second member - ήνωρ: ῥηξ-, φθεισ- (Hom.); in PN 'Aγ-, Myc. Atano \/Antānōr\/; fem. ἀντι-άνειρα, κυδι-. With - ανδρος: ἄν-, ἕλ-; PN esp. in Asia Minor and Cyprus: ` Ηγησ-, Τερπ-; Hom. Άλεξ-. For the question whether this name is really Greek cf. Myc. arekasadara \/Aleksandrā\/, kesadara \/Kessandrā\/ (note that Myc. -e- shows that this is a substr. name). So the forms are already Myc., but it is still not excluded that they are of non-Greek origin (s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 160ff.) - Kuiper MAWNed. NR. 14: 5 thinks that - ήνωρ and νῶρ-οψ contain an old abstract *ἄνερ, *ἄναρ `vital energy' (IE * h₂ner-; also in Skt. sū-nára- etc.).Derivatives: Demin. ἀνδρίον (Com.); from here, with unclear ντ-Suffix, ἀνδριάς, - άντος `statue' (Pi.), cf. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 84ff., Schwyzer 526: 3 u. 4. ἀνδρ(ε)ών m. `man's apartment' (Hdt.). -Abstracts: ἀνδρεία (- ηίη, - ία) `manliness, courage' (A.); ἀνδροτής, - τῆτος s.s.v. ἠνορέη `id.', Ion. for Aeol. ἀ̄νορέα (\< - ρία), (Kretschmer Glotta 24, 245f.), from a compound (cf. εὑανορία Pi.), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 109f., 123 m. Lit.; - Adjec.: ἀνδρεῖος (Ion. ἀνδρήϊος, cf. Chantr. Form. 52, Schwyzer 468: 3) `manly, courageous', ἀνδρόμεος `human' (Il.; - μεος = Skt. - maya-?).Etymology: ἀνήρ is identical with Arm. ayr, gen. ar̄n `man', Skt. nā́ (stem nar-), NPhryg. αναρ, Ital. ner- in Osc. ner-um `virorum', Lat. Sab. Ner-ō etc. (s. W.-Hofmann s. neriōsus), W. ner `chief', Alb. njer `man'. - Not here Hitt. innar-, in innarau̯atar etwa `(Lebens)kraft, hoheitliche Macht'. - On δρώψ s.s.v. ἄνθρωπος. - Cf. νωρει̃.Page in Frisk: 1,107-108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνδρός
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13 θαρρέω
θαρρέω 1 aor. impv. 2 pl. θαρρήσατε (Bar 4:27 cod. B); inf. θαρρῆσαι (Attic [Pla.], and increasing in frequency beside θαρσέω [q.v.] in the Koine [Schwyzer I 285], occurring also in ins, pap, LXX [Thackeray 123]. Likew. Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 20, 175; Vi. 143; Just., D. 89, 3; Ath. 2, 2.—Thumb 77. On associations of this term in the Eleusinian Mysteries s. RJoly, RevÉtGr 68, ’55, 164–70.) to have certainty in a matter, be confident, be courageous 2 Cor 5:6, 8. ὥστε θαρροῦντας (IMaronIsis 11f) ἡμᾶς λέγειν so that we can say w. confidence Hb 13:6. θ. ἔν τινι be able to depend on someone 2 Cor 7:16; be bold εἴς τινα toward someone 10:1; cp. vs. 2 (s. δέομαι aβ). εἰ ἄρα … θαρρεῖς τῷ Πέτρου θεῷ if then … you really do believe the God of Peter (AcPt Ox 849, 7; ‘credis’ cod. Vercellensis).—DELG s.v. θάρσος A. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
14 θαρσέω
θαρσέω (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En, JosAs; Jos., Ant. 1, 187; 8, 293; 11, 334) in the NT (and quite predom. in LXX) only impv. θάρσει, θαρσεῖτε. 1 aor. ἐθάρσησα to be firm or resolute in the face of danger or adverse circumstances, be enheartened, be courageous ApcPt 2:5; Hv 4, 1, 8. θάρσει have courage! don’t be afraid! (Il. 4, 184 al.; Gen 35:17; Zeph 3:16) Mt 9:2, 22; Mk 10:49; Lk 23:43 D; Ac 23:11 (on Homeric assoc. s. Warnecke 57, 12). Pl. (Ex 14:13) Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; J 16:33. MParca, ASP 31, ’91, 55f (reff.)—B. 1149. DELG s.v. θάρσος A. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
15 τολμάω
τολμάω impf. ἐτόλμων; fut. τολμήσω; 1 aor. ἐτόλμησα; pf. inf. τετολμηκέναι (Just., D. 133) (s. τόλμα; Hom.+) to show boldness or resolution in the face of danger, opposition, or a problem, dare, bring oneself to (do someth.)ⓐ w. inf.α. dare, have the courage, be brave enough ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ τάχα τις καὶ τολμᾷ ἀποθανεῖν Ro 5:7 (on being willing to die for a good man cp. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 346 D.; Vita Philonid. [s.v. τράχηλος]). Cp. Phil 1:14. Mostly used w. a neg. (TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 1 [Stone p. 66]; Jos., Ant. 20, 7 ἀντιλέγειν οὐκ ἐτόλμων; Just., A I, 19, 2 and D. 33, 1) οὐδὲ ἐτόλμησέν τις ἐπερωτῆσαι Mt 22:46. Cp. Mk 12:34; Lk 20:40; J 21:12; Ac 5:13. Μωϋσῆς οὐκ ἐτόλμα κατανοῆσαι Moses did not venture to look at (it) 7:32.β. bring oneself, presume (Theognis 1, 377 Zeus brings himself to include sinners and upright in the same fate; ‘The Tragedy’ in Simplicius In Epict. p. 95, 42 τολμῶ κατειπεῖν=I do not hesitate to say plainly; Himerius, Or. 20, 3 λέγειν τ.; 3 Macc 3:21; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 12 [Stone p. 68]; TestJob 24, 7; Philo, Somn. 1, 54; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 318; Just., A I, 61, 11) τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων; can any of you bring yourself to go to law before the unrighteous? 1 Cor 6:1 (κρίνω 5aβ). W. a neg. (TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 1 [Stone p. 66]; GrBar 12:6; Just., A II, 3, 6 and D. 112, 4) οὐ τολμήσω τι λαλεῖν Ro 15:18. Cp. 2 Cor 10:12; Jd 9.ⓑ abs. be courageous (Job 15:12) ἐν ᾧ ἄν τις τολμᾷ, … τολμῶ κἀγώ whatever anyone else dares to do, … I can bring myself (to do the same) 2 Cor 11:21. τολμῆσαι ἐπί τινα show courage or boldness toward or against someone (En 7:4) 10:2. τολμήσας εἰσῆλθεν he summoned up courage and went in Mk 15:43; GJs 24:2 (cp. Plut., Camillus 140 [22, 6] τολμήσας παρέστη).—DELG s.v. τόλμη. B. 1149. M-M. TW. -
16 ψυχρός
ψυχρός, ά, όν (cp. ψῦχος and ψύχω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 14:13; TestSol 18:18 H [adv.]; Philo, Joseph.; Tat. 35, 1) ‘cold’.① pert. to being physically cold, cold, lit.ⓐ adj. ὕδωρ (Hom. et al.; Sb 6941, 4; Pr 25:25; Philo; Jos., Ant. 7, 130) Mt 10:42 D; D 7:2. Of courageous confessors’ estimate of the intensity of fire set for them τὸ πῦρ ἦν αὐτοῖς ψυχρόν the fire felt cold to them MPol 2:3 (cp. 4 Macc 11:26).ⓑ subst. τὸ ψυχρόν (i.e. ὕδωρ) cold water (Hdt. 2, 37 al.; SIG 1170, 30; SEG XLII 1506 [reff.]; s. New Docs 3, 144f; ψυχρὸν πίνειν Epict. 3, 12, 17; 3, 15, 3, Ench. 29, 2) Mt 10:42.② fig. (Trag., Hdt. et al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 357; 6, 16, C. Ap. 2, 255) pert. to being without enthusiasm, cool, cold (Neugebauer-Hoesen no. 95, 112 p. 32=PLond I, 98, 71 p. 130 [I/II A.D.]; Epict. 3, 15, 7; Lucian, Tim. 2 ψ. τὴν ὀργήν) Rv 3:15ab, 16 (w. ζεστός and χλιαρός).—B. 1078f. DELG. M-M. TW. -
17 ἀνδρεῖος
ἀνδρεῖος, εία, εῖον (s. ἀνήρ; Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins; PLips 119 II, 3; LXX; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 292; Test12Patr) pert. to being manly, manly, courageous subst. τὰ ἀνδρεῖα heroic deeds worthy of a brave person (Philo, Mut. Nom. 146) ἐπιτελεῖσθαι πολλὰ ἀ. do many heroic deeds, of famous women (sim. Aristot., Pol. 1277b, 22) 1 Cl 55:3.—DELG s.v. ἀνήρ B. TW. -
18 ἀνδρίζομαι
ἀνδρίζομαι fut. ἀνδριοῦμαι LXX; 1 aor. mid. impv. ἄνδρισαι Na 2:2 (s. ἀνδρεῖος, ἀνήρ; Pla., X. et al.; Lucian, Anach. 15 et al.; PSI 402, 3; 512, 29; PPetr II, 40a, 12 [c. 233 B.C.] μὴ οὖν ὀλιγοψυχήσητε, ἀλλʼ ἀνδρίζεσθε; LXX; JosAs 24:7; Jos., Bell. 6, 50) conduct oneself in a courageous way w. κραταιοῦσθαι (like חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ; cp. 2 Km 10:12; Ps 26:14; 30:25) 1 Cor 16:13; w. ἰσχύειν (Dt 31:6, 7, 23; Josh 1:6, 7 al.) MPol 9:1. ἀνδρίζου act like a man! Hv 1, 4, 3. Of an old man, whose hope in life has been renewed v 3, 12, 2. Also of a woman who is girded and of manly appearance v 3, 8, 4.—DELG s.v. ἀνήρ B. M-M. TW. -
19 ἔργον
ἔργον, ου, τό (Hom.+) work.① that which displays itself in activity of any kind, deed, actionⓐ in contrast to rest Hb 4:3, 4 (Gen 2:2), 10. In contrast to word: freq. used to describe people of exceptional merit, esp. benefactors (X., Hier. 7, 2, Cyr. 6, 4, 5; Cebes 2, 2 λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ Πυθαγόρειος; Lucian, Tox. 35. Oft. in Epict.; GDI 5039, 20 [Crete] οὔτε λόγῳ οὔτε ἔργῳ; Sir 3:8; 16:12; 4 Macc 5:38; En 14:22 πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20] ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 220, C. Ap. 2, 12; Larfeld I 497f) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ mighty in word and deed Lk 24:19; cp. Ac 7:22; ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔ. in word and deed Col 3:17; cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; 2 Th 2:17; Tit 1:16a; 1J 3:18; 2 Cl 17:7, also 4:3. A similar contrast betw. the ποιητὴς ἔργου doer who acts and the forgetful hearer Js 1:25, and betw. ἔργα and a πίστις that amounts to nothing more than a verbal statement 2:14–26 (s. JRopes, Exp. 7th ser., 5, 1908, 547–56 and his comm. 1916 ad loc.; HPreisker, ThBl 4, 1925, 16f; ETobac, RHE 22, 1926, 797–805; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; ASchlatter, D. Brief des Jak. ’32, 184–207).ⓑ manifestation, practical proof τὸ ἔ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11. ἔ. διακονίας Eph 4:12. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς προσευχῆς AcPl Ha 4, 27. τὸ ἔ. τοῦ νόμου acting in accordance with the law Ro 2:15 (perh. also the bringing of the law into effect, as Polyaenus 1, 19 τοῦ λογίου τὸ ἔργον=realization or fulfilment of the oracular response). ἡ ὑπομονὴ ἔ. τέλειον ἐχέτω let endurance show itself perfectly in practice Js 1:4.ⓒ deed, accomplishmentα. of the deeds of God and Jesus, specif. miracles (Epict. 3, 5, 10 ἰδεῖν ἔργα τὰ σά [=τοῦ θεοῦ]; Ael. Aristid. 50, 17 K.=26 p. 506 D.: ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ θαυμαστόν; Quint. Smyrn. 9, 481 ἔργον ἀθανάτων of the healing of Philoctetes; Josh 24:29; Ps 45:9; 65:5; 85:8; JosAs 9:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 378 τ. ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ, C. Ap. 2, 192) Mt 11:2; J 5:20, 36; 7:3, 21 (Diod S 5, 33, 5 ἓν ἔργον=just one practice); 9:3; 10:25, 37f; 14:10, 11, 12; 15:24; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 15:18 v.l.; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 15:3. On Mt 11:19 s. δικαιόω 2bα.β. of the deeds of humans, exhibiting a consistent moral character, referred to collectively as τὰ ἔργα (Ps 105:35; Job 11:11; Jon 3:10) J 3:20 f; 7:7; Js 3:13; 1J 3:12; Rv 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15. σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔ. Qua. τὰ πρῶτα ἔ. Rv 2:5. πάντα τὰ ἔργα (Am 8:7; Mi 6:16) Mt 23:5. κατὰ τὰ ἔργα in accordance w. the deeds (Ps 27:4; 61:13; Pr 24:12; En 100:7; PsSol 2:16) Mt 23:3; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 1:9; 4:14; Rv 2:23; 20:12f. Also κατὰ τὸ ἔργον 1 Pt 1:17. The collective τὸ ἔργον is used for the pl. (Sir 11:20) Gal 6:4; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:12. The ἔργον or ἔργα is (are) characterized by the context as good or bad Lk 11:48; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 11:15; 2 Ti 4:14; Js 2:25; 3J 10; Rv 14:13; 16:11; 18:6 (since in all these passages except Rv 14:13 ἔ. refers to something bad, it is well to point out that ἔργον when used alone also means an evil or disgraceful deed, e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 22 §83 ἔργον οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀπῆν=they abstained from no shameful deed; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 476; 742; Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 4). Or they are characterized by an added word: ἔ. ἀγαθόν Ro 2:7; 13:3; 2 Cor 9:8; Phil 1:6; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16b; 3:1; Hb 13:21 v.l. Pl. Eph 2:10 (misunderstood by JSanders, Ethics in the NT, ’75, 78; cp. Phil 1:6); 1 Ti 2:10. πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. ἔ. καλόν Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:33. Pl. (GrBar 15:2; Dio Chrys. 3, 52) Mt 5:16; J 10:32; 1 Ti 5:10a, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8, 14, Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12 (WvanUnnik, NTS 1, ’54/55, 92–110; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1); 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. ἔργα ὅσια, δίκαια 6:9. ἔ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:6 (PsSol 18:8). ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ righteous deeds Tit 3:5. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ the deeds that God desires (Jer 31:10; 1 Esdr 7:9, 15) J 6:28; cp. vs. 29. τὰ ἔ. μου (i.e. Χριστοῦ) Rv 2:26. ἔργα πεπληρωμένα ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 3:2. ἔ. ἄξια τ. μετανοίας Ac 26:20. ἔ. τῆς πίστεως the deeds that go with faith Hs 8, 9, 1. ἔ. αἰώνιον an imperishable deed IPol 8:1. τὰ. ἔ. τοῦ Ἀβραάμ deeds like Abraham’s J 8:39. τὰ ἔ. τ. πέμψαντός με 9:4.—ἔργα πονηρά evil deeds (1 Esdr 8:83; En 98:6; Tat. 23:2) Col 1:21; 2J 11; cp. J 3:19; 7:7; 1J 3:12 and ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔ. πονηροῦ 2 Ti 4:18. Also ἔ. τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδοῦ B 4:10. νεκρά dead works, i.e. those that lead to death Hb 6:1; 9:14. ἄκαρπα unfruitful actions Eph 5:11. ἄνομα lawless deeds 2 Pt 2:8. Also ἔ. τῆς ἀνομίας B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. ἔργα ἀσεβείας impious deeds Jd 15 (ἀσεβῆ ἔ. Just., A I, 23, 3). τοῦ σκότους deeds of darkness (i.e. unbelief) Ro 13:12; cp. Eph 5:11. ἔ. τῆς σαρκός deeds that originate in the flesh (i.e. sin) Gal 5:19. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν deeds such as your father (the devil) commits J 8:41. τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν Rv 2:6.—κρύφια, φανερὰ ἔ. secret, open deeds 2 Cl 16:3. Freq. in Paul ἔργα νόμου deeds that the law commands you to do Ro 3:20, 28; cp. 27; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 (cp. 4Q MMT 3, 27 [=A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. REisenman/JRobinson, I ’91, xxxi, fig. 8, c line 29]; MAbegg, Paul, ‘Works of the Law’ and MMT: Bar 20/6, ’94, 52–55; JDunn, NTS 43, ’97, 147–53). Also simply ἔργα, w. the same meaning Ro 4:2, 6; 9:12, 32; 11:6; Eph 2:9; s. ELohmeyer, ZNW 28, 1929, 177–207.—S. δικαιοσύνη 3 end.② that which one does as regular activity, work, occupation, task (cp. Aristoph., Av. 862; X., Mem. 2, 10, 6; Arrian, Anab. 5, 23, 1; Epict. 1, 16, 21; Sir 11:20; TestSol 1:2 al.; Just., A II, 3, 5 βασιλικόν) w. gen. of the one who assigns the task τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 15:58; 16:10; Phil 2:30. διδόναι τινὶ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ assign his task to someone Mk 13:34; πληροῦν ἔ. accomplish a task Ac 14:26. τ. ἔ. τελειοῦν finish the work (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τ. οἰκοδομῆς τ. πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; 2 Esdr 16:3, 16) J 17:4; cp. 4:34. ἡ κυρίου τοῦ ἔργου shop superintendent GJs 2:2 (s. deStrycker ad loc.) Of the task and work of the apostles Ac 13:2; 15:38. οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο those who were entrusted by God with so important a duty 1 Cl 43:1. καρπὸς ἔργου fruit of work Phil 1:22. To love someone διὰ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ because of what the person has done 1 Th 5:13. Of an office 1 Ti 3:1 (4 is also poss.). ἔ. ποιεῖν εὐαγγελιστοῦ do the work of an evangelist 2 Ti 4:5.—ἔ. συγγενικὸν ἀπαρτίζειν accomplish a proper, natural task IEph 1:1.③ that which is brought into being by work, product, undertaking, work (Hom. et al.; Gen 2:2; 3 Km 7:15, 19; Jer 10:3; 1 Esdr 5:44; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος κατακαύσει τὸ πὺρ; Just., D. 88, 8; Mel., P. 36, 244) work in the passive sense. W. special ref. to buildings (Aristoph., Av. 1125; Polyb. 5, 3, 6; Diod S 1, 31, 9; Appian, Mithrid. 30 §119; Arrian, Anab. 6, 18, 2; Dionys. Byz. §27; IG IV2/1, 106, 56; 114, 31 al.; PPetr III, 43 [2] I, 2 [III B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔργα=for the buildings al.; 1 Macc 10:11; SibOr 4, 59; EPeterson, Biblica 22, ’41, 439–41) 1 Cor 3:13, 14, 15. Perh. a building is also meant in 1 Cor 9:1 and Ro 14:20 (s. καταλύω 2b). γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ. 2 Pt 3:10 (FDanker, ZNW 53, ’62, 82–86, would read καὶ γῇ κατὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα). Images of deities as ἔργα ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 1:6 (Herodas 4, 26 ἔργα καλά of works of sculpture; Ath. 17:3f); sim. in the formulation ἔργον χειρός (cp. En 98:5; ApcEsdr 1:10; Herodas 7, 2f τῶν σῶν … χειρέων νοῆρες ἔργον; Epict. 3, 7, 24 τὰ χειρὸς ἔργα; Jos., Bell. 3, 268 of courageous deeds χειρῶν ἔργα; cp. Just., D. 23, 5 of circumcision not as ἔργον δικαιοσύνης) τὸ ἔ. τῶν χειρῶν τινος the work of someone’s hands=what someone has made Ac 7:41; Rv 9:20 (cp. Is 17:8; Just., A I, 20, 5 al.). Of the world as created by God (Celsus 4, 99) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; Ar 4:24 al.); 2:7 v.l.; B 5:10; 15:3. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ διαβόλου the devil’s undertakings or enterprises (Arrian, Anab. 1, 11, 7 Τρωικὸν ἔ.=the Trojan undertaking, of the Trojan War) 1J 3:8. τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας the works of the female (w. ref. to sensual desire like Horapollo 1, 11 p. 18 θηλείας ἔργον and Longus 4, 19, 5 ἔργα γυναικῶν) GEg 252, 56. Of adultery Rv 2:22.④ someth. having to do with someth. under discussion, thing, matter (Hom. et al.) Ac 5:38. κρεῖττον IRo 2:1 (cp. GrBar 5:3 μείζονα τούτων ἔργα). ἔ. εὐφροσύνης a joyful thing B 10:11; οὐ πεισμονῆς τὸ ἔ. not a matter of persuasion IRo 3:3. οὐ νῦν ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἔ. it is not a matter of what we now profess IEph 14:2. Perh. also 1 Ti 3:1 (s. 2 above).—JKleist, ‘Ergon’ in the Gospels: CBQ 6, ’44, 61–68. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
20 Ῥαάβ
Ῥαάβ, ἡ indecl. (רָחָב; LXX; Just., D. 111, 4.—In Joseph. Ῥαάβη [v.l. Ῥαχάβη], ης [Ant. 5, 8]) Rahab, a prostitute in Jericho who, acc. to Josh 2, saved Israelite spies by hiding them. For this reason she was spared when the city was taken (Josh 6:17, 25). This courageous woman is cited as a model of faith, uprightness, and hospitality Hb 11:31; Js 2:25; 1 Cl 12:1, 3. FYoung, JBL 67, ’48, 339–45. S. also Ῥαχάβ (B-D-F §39, 3; Mlt-H. 109).
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