conception

conformātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a symmetrical forming or fashioning, conformation, shape, form (freq. in the philos. and rhet. writings of Cic.; elsewhere rare).

Prop.:

lineamentorum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 47:

qualis sit (animus) in ipso corpore, quae conformatio, quae magnitudo, qui locus,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

membrorum,

id. N. D. 2, 33, 85:

quaedam et figura totius oris et corporis,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

theatri,

Vitr. 5, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

vocis,

expression of voice, Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

verborum,

arrangement, id. ib. 1, 33, 151:

verborum et sententiarum,

id. ib. 3, 52, 201:

conformatio et moderatio continentiae et temperantiae,

conformation, id. Off. 3, 25, 96:

animi, i. q. notio,

an idea, notion, conception, id. N. D. 1, 38, 105.—Also without animi, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357; id. Top. 5, 27.—

Esp., in rhet., a figure of speech, Cic. Brut. 37, 140; Quint. 9, 1, 4; 9, 2, 1.—

In later rhett. esp., a prosopopœia, Auct. Her. 4, 53, 66; Prisc. p. 1340 P.

dērīvātĭo, ōnis, f. [derivo], a leading off, turning off, turning away.

Lit.: derivationes fluminum, * Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14:

sollemnis (sc. lacus Albani),

Liv. 5, 15 (cf. shortly before, priusquam ex lacu Albano aqua emissa foret).—

Trop.

In gen.:

dictum aliquod in aliquem usum tuum opportuna derivatione convertere,

Macr. S. 6, 1.—

Esp.

In grammat. lang., derivation, etymology of words, Plin. ap. Serv. Aen. 9, 706; Dig. 50, 16, 57; Charis. p. 73 P. et saep.—

In rhetor.

An exchanging of one word for another of like meaning, to soften the expression (as fortis for temerarius, liberalis for prodigus, etc.), Quint. 3, 7, 25.—

As rhet. fig. = parêgmenon, the development of a preceding statement or conception into a new thought, Jul. Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 14.

ef-fingo, finxi, fictum, 3, v. a., orig., to work out by pressing = fingendo exprimere, ekmassein (v. fingo).—Hence,

To form, fashion (artistically—class.; most freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: formo, informo, conformo, fingo, reddo, instituo, etc.).

Lit.:

oris lineamenta in tabula: Veneris Coae pulchritudinem aspersione fortuita,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

sui dissimilia,

id. N. D. 3, 9, 23:

deum imagines in species hominum,

Tac. H. 5, 5 et saep.— Poet.:

(Daedalus) casus alicujus in auro,

Verg. A. 6, 32; cf. id. ib. 10, 640; Luc. 5, 713:

horrentes effingens crine galeros,

Sil. 1, 404.—

Trop., to express, represent, portray:

(natura) speciem ita formavit oris, ut in ea penitus reconditos mores effingeret,

Cic. Leg. 1, 9; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47; id. de Or. 2, 43 fin.; Tac. A. 11, 14; Quint. 6, 2, 17:

oratorem effingere (connected with corpora fingendo efficere),

id. 5, 12, 21:

effinge aliquid et excude (sc. scribendo), quod sit perpetuo tuum,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 4:

imaginem virtutis,

to represent by imitation, Quint. 10, 2, 15; cf. id. 10, 1, 108; 11, 3, 89 sq.; Plin. Ep. 9, 22, 2.—Of the conception of external objects:

visum impressum effictumque ex eo, unde esset,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 25, 61; id. de Or. 2, 86 fin. —

To wipe clean, wipe out (only in the foll. passages):

fiscinas spongia effingat,

Cato R. R. 67, 2 (for which: fiscinas spongia tergendas, Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22):

spongiis sanguinem,

Cic. Sest. 35 fin., v. Halm ad h. l.—

To rub gently, stroke:

manus,

Albin. Cons. ad Liv. 138; Ov. H. 20, 134 (for which: manus fingere, id. F. 5, 409).

ĭmāgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. imitor], an imitation, copy of a thing, an image, likeness (i. e. a picture, statue, mask, an apparition, ghost, phantom; the latter only poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: simulacrum, effigies, statua, sigillum): imago ab imitatione dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 112 Müll.; cf.: imago dicitur quasi imitago, Porphyr. Hor. C. 1, 12, 4.

Lit.

In gen., a representation, likeness (usu. of a person), statue, bust, picture:

Spartiates Agesilaus neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse... unus Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines omnium statuasque superavit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

Demosthenes, cujus nuper inter imagines tuas ac tuorum imaginem ex aere vidi,

id. Or. 31, 110:

Epicuri in poculis et in anulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3: hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa primus omnium expressit ceraque in eam formam gypsi infusa emendare instituit Lysistratus Sicyonius, Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153:

Africani,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10:

mulieris,

Quint. 7, 7, 5:

Antigoni,

id. 2, 13, 12:

depictam in tabula sipariove imaginem rei,

id. 6, 1, 32:

si in tabula mea aliquis pinxerit velut imaginem,

Gai. Inst. 2, 78:

cereae,

Hor. Epod. 17, 76; id. S. 1, 8, 43:

ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra,

Juv. 7, 29:

hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat,

Mart. 9, 1:

epistula atque imago me certum fecit,

i. e. the image on the seal, the signet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 35; 4, 2, 29; 4, 7, 105:

nunc amici anne inimici sis imago, Alcesime, mihi, sciam,

i. e. will act like a friend, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 1.—

A phantom, ghost, apparition:

infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago,

Verg. A. 2, 773; cf.:

et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago,

shade, spirit, Verg. A. 4, 654; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6; cf. id. ib. 1:

non vanae redeat sanguis imagini,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 15:

(somnus) Vanum nocturnis fallit imaginibus,

Tib. 3, 4, 56; cf. Hor. C. 3, 27, 40; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Calig. 50:

te videt in somnis, tua sacra et major imago humana turbat pavidum,

Juv. 13, 221:

quid natum totiens falsis Ludis imaginibus?

phantoms, Verg. A. 1, 408:

ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago,

id. ib. 2, 369; cf.:

repetitaque mortis imago,

Ov. M. 10, 726:

lurida mortis imago,

Petr. 123, v. 257:

varia pereuntium forma et omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28:

caesorum insepultorumque,

id. A. 1, 62:

supremorum (i. e. funeris) imago,

id. H. 4, 45.— Poet.:

genitiva (with forma),

natural shape, figure, Ov. M. 3, 331; so,

rudis et sine imagine tellus (= informis),

shapeless, id. ib. 1, 87.—

In partic., an ancestral image of a distinguished Roman (of one who had been aedile, praetor, or consul; usually made of wax, and placed in the atrium of a Roman house, and carried in funeral processions.—

In plur.: obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, commendatione fumosarum imaginum, quarum simile habes nihil praeter colorem, of smoky (i. e. old) ancestral images, Cic. Pis. 1, 1; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 28, 1; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

si quid deliquero, nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

no ancestors of distinction, Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 100; cf.:

quia imagines non habeo et quia mihi nova nobilitas est,

Sall. J. 85, 25:

qui imagines familiae suae consecuti sunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

homo veteris prosapiae ac multarum imaginum,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

majorum imagines,

id. ib. 5, 5; Suet. Vesp. 1:

multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus,

id. Aug. 4:

esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,

id. S. 1, 6, 17; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6 sqq.; Prop. 2, 13, 19; Suet. Vesp. 19.—

In sing. (rare):

jus imaginis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

imaginis ornandae causa,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

vir honoratissimae imaginis futurus ad posteros,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

clarum hac fore imagine Scaptium,

would become an aristocrat, id. 3, 72, 4, v. Weissenb. ad loc.:

Tunc Cotta ne imago Libonis exsequias posterorum comitaretur censuit,

Tac. A. 2, 32.

Transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo (mostly poet.):

(mellaria facere oportet) potissimum ubi non resonent imagines,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

concava pulsu Saxa sonant, vocisque offensa resultat imago,

Verg. G. 4, 50; cf. Sil. 14, 365:

alternae deceptus imagine vocis: Huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo,

Ov. M. 3, 385:

cujus recinit jocosa Nomen imago,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 4; so,

jocosa Vaticani montis,

id. ib. 1, 20, 8:

vaga,

Val. Fl. 3, 596.

Trop.

In gen., an image or likeness of a thing formed in the mind, a conception, thought, imagination, idea:

Scipionis memoriam atque imaginem sibi proponere,

Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

magnam partem noctium in imagine tua vigil exigo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1:

Verginium cogito, Verginium video, Verginium jam vanis imaginibus audio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12: imagines, quae eidôla nominant, quorum incursione non solum videmus, sed etiam cogitamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 21; cf.:

imagines extrinsecus in animos nostros per corpus irrumpere,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: plena sunt imaginum omnia, nulla species cogitari potest nisi pulsu imaginum, etc.; id. Div. 2, 67, 137 sq.: unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen rei publicae diceres intueri, an image of the olden time, id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

expressam imaginem vitae quotidianae videre,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

quidnam illi consules dictatoresve facturi essent, qui proconsularem imaginem tam saevam ac trucem fecerint, i. e. by cruelty in office,

Liv. 5, 2, 9:

naturae... urbis et populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 39 fin.:

justitiae,

Quint. 2, 20, 6:

virtutis,

id. 10, 2, 15:

similitudines ad exprimendas rerum imagines compositae,

id. 8, 3, 72: illae rerum imagines, quas vocari phantasias indicavimus, id. 10, 7, 15:

conscripta formantur imagine templa,

plans, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

scipione determinata prius templi imagine in solo,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

tua, pater Druse, imago,

memory, Tac. A. 1, 13:

magna illic imago tristium laetorumque,

recollection, id. ib. 2, 53:

si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago,

Verg. A. 6, 405.—

In partic.

In rhet., a figurative representation, similitude, comparison:

comparabile est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. Ejus partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. Imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum similitudinem, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

imago est formae cum forma cum quadam similitudine collatio,

Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Sen. Ep. 59, 92; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Hor. S. 2, 3, 320; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

With the idea predominating of mere imitation, in opp. to what is original or real, a mere form, image, semblance, appearance, shadow:

consectatur nullam eminentem effigiem virtutis, sed adumbratam imaginem gloriae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

nos veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus: umbra et imaginibus utimur,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69; cf.:

non in umbra et imagine civitatis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 30; and:

umbram equitis Romani et imaginem videtis,

id. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

haec ars tota dicendi, sive artis imago quaedam est et similitudo, habet hanc vim, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

judiciorum,

only the appearance of courts, id. Sest. 13, 30; cf.:

imaginem rei publicae nullam reliquissent,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88:

his quoque imaginibus juris spretis,

Liv. 41, 8, 10:

imaginem retinendi largiendive penes nos, vim penes Parthos,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

habitu et ore ad exprimendam imaginem honesti exercitus,

the pretence, id. ib. 16, 32; 6, 27; id. H. 1, 84; 3, 70:

qui faciem eloquentiae, non imaginem praestaret,

id. Or. 34:

nec imagine rerum, sed rebus incendit,

Quint. 10, 1, 16:

in falsa rerum imagine detineri,

id. 10, 5, 17; cf.:

nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod illi (hermae) marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago,

Juv. 8, 55.—

A representative: non in effigies mutas divinum (Augusti) spiritum transfusum;

sed imaginem veram, caelesti sanguine ortam, intellegere discrimen, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 52.—

That which suggests or recalls something by resemblance, a reminder:

me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, quorum imaginem video in rebus tuis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

a Corbulone petierat, ne quam imaginem servitii Tiridates perferret,

nothing to suggest slavery, Tac. A. 15, 31; cf.:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo possim imaginem antiquae et vernaculae festivitatis adgnoscere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2.

in-formātĭo, ōnis, f. [informo], a representation.

Lit., an outline, sketch, first draft:

aedium sacrarum informationes,

Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Trop., an idea, conception: anticipatio, quam appellat prolêpsin Epicurus, id est anteceptam animo rei quandam informationem, Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 100:

dei,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

unius verbi imagine totius sententiae informatio,

an exhibition of the idea contained in a word, an explanation of its meaning, id. Part. Or. 29, 102.

mŏla, ae, f. [cf. mulê, mulos, mill, millstone; mulai, grinders, molar-teeth; cf. molaris], a millstone; and usu. plur. molae, a mill (driven by slaves, animals, or water):

verbera, compedes, molae,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 9: molarum strepitum audire, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 4 (Com. 7 Vahl. p. 153):

molae oleariae duro et aspero lapide,

Varr. R. R. 1, 55:

trusatiles,

Gell. 3, 3, 14:

pumiceae,

Ov. F. 6, 318:

aquariae,

water-mills, Pall. 1, 42:

digni molam versare Nepotis,

Juv. 8, 67:

versatiles,

Plin. 36, 18, 29, § 135:

mola asinaria,

i. e. millstone, too heavy for a man to drive, Vulg. Matt. 18, 6; id. Marc. 9, 41:

molae olivariae,

Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 36.—

Transf.

Grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt (hence called mola salsa), which it was customary to strew on the victims at sacrifices: mola etiam vocatur far tostum, et sale sparsum, quod eo molito hostiae aspergantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 141 Müll.:

sparge molam,

Verg. E. 8, 82:

molam et vinum inspergere,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

aut molā salsā aut ture comprecari,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 109:

molā salsā supplicare,

Plin. 18, 2, 2, § 7: litare, id. praef. med.:

consumpsi salsasque molas et turis acervos,

Mart. 7, 5, 4.—

A false conception, moon-calf, mole, Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 63; 10, 64, 84, § 184.—

A jawbone, or the teeth:

molas leonum confringet,

Vulg. Psa. 57, 7.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

nōtĭo, ōnis, f. [nosco], a becoming acquainted, a making one's self acquainted with a person (syn.: cognitio, perceptio, notitia).

Lit.

In gen.:

quid tibi hanc aditiost? quid tibi hanc notiost, inquam, amicam meam?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 62.—

In partic., a taking cognizance of a thing by a magistrate, an examination, investigation:

ceteri agri omnes, sine ullo delectu, sine populi Romani notione, sine judicio senatās, decemvirisaddicentur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 21, 57;

pontificum,

id. Dom. 13, 34:

notionem ejus differre,

id. Att. 11, 20, 2;

censoria,

id. Sest. 25, 55; cf. id. Prov. Cons. 19, 46; id. Pis. 5, 10:

notiones animadversionesque censoriae,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

ad censore, non ad senatum, notionem de eo pertinere,

Liv. 27, 25, 5:

dilatā notione,

Tac. A. 3, 59:

notioni quindecimvirum is liber subicitur,

id. ib. 6, 12:

quid denique ad jus civile aut ad actoris notionem atque animadversionem ages injuriarum?

the investigation and punishment sought by the plaintiff, Cic. Caecin. 12, 35; Dig. 42, 1, 5; 49, 1, 10; 50, 16, 99.—

Transf., an idea, conception, notion of a thing:

notio rerum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

cum rerum notiones in animis fiant,

id. Fin. 3, 10, 33: simulac (homo) cepit intelligentiam, vel notionem potius quam appellant ennoian illi, etc., id. ib. 3, 6, 21; cf.: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens: Forma est notio, cujus, etc. Notionem appello, quod Graeci tum ennoian, tum prolêpsin dicunt, id. Top. 7, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Fin. 5, 21, 59:

in omnium animis deorum notionem impressit natura,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; 2, 5, 13:

intellegentiae nostrae,

id. ib. 1, 11, 26:

excute intellegentiam tuam ut videas, quae sit in eā species, forma et notio boni viri,

id. Off. 3, 20, 81:

neque alia huic verbo subjecta notio est, nisi, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29:

de fortitudine,

id. ib. 4, 24, 53: apud veteres dicebatur, professionem eorum (mathematicorum), non notitiam, esse prohibitam, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 2.

nōtĭtĭa, ae ( gen. sing. notitiāï, Lucr. 2, 124.—Collat. form nōtĭtĭes, Lucr. 5, 182; 1047; Vitr. 6 prooem.), f. [1. notus], a being known, celebrity, note, fame.

Lit. (very rare):

hi propter notitiam sunt intromissi,

Nep. Dion. 9, 4:

tanta notitia te invasit,

Sen. Ep. 19, 3:

plus notitiae quam fuit ante dedit,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 49:

virtus Notitiam serae posteritatis habet,

id. ib. 4, 8, 48.—

Transf. (class.)

Acquaintance with a person:

quamquam haec inter nos nuper admodum notitia est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

fama adulescentis paulum haesit ad metas notitia nova mulieris,

Cic. Cael. 31, 75; Ov. M. 4, 59.—

In partic.: notitiam feminae habere, to know or have carnal knowledge of a woman, Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 5; cf. cognosco.—

In gen. a knowing, knowledge, an idea, conception, notion of a thing:

notitiam praebere,

Lucr. 5, 124:

nostrae menti corpora posse vorti in notitiam,

id. 2, 745:

notitiam habere dei,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24:

valetudo sustentatur notitiā sui corporis,

id. Off. 2, 24, 86: notitiae rerum, quas Graeci tum ennoias, tum prolêpseis vocant, id. Ac. 2, 10, 30:

natura ingenuit sine doctrinā notitias parvas rerum maximarum,

id. Fin. 5, 21, 59:

habere notitiam alicujus rei,

Quint. 6, 4, 8:

locorum,

Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 48; Liv. 4, 19, 6:

hoc venit mihi in notitiam,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 6:

tradere aliquid notitiae hominum,

id. 3, 5, 9, § 57; Vell. 2, 7, 4:

antiquitatis,

Cic. Sen. 4, 12:

in notitiam hominum pervenire,

to become generally known, Sen. Contr. 6, 2, 5:

quo notitia supplicii ad posteros perveniret,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

in notitiam populi pervenire,

Liv. 22, 26, 2:

in notitiam alicujus perferre aliquid,

Plin. Ep. 10, 18, 2.

multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.

In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):

multi fortissimi viri,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

rationes,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:

multae et magnae contentiones,

many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:

O multas et graves offensiones,

id. Att. 11, 7, 3:

multi et graves dolores,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

multi et varii timores,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

multae bonaeque artes animi,

Sall. J. 28, 5:

multa et clara facinora,

Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:

multi improbi,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:

multi boni, docti, prudentes,

id. Fl. 4, 8:

multi nobiles,

id. Planc. 20, 50:

multa acerba habuit ille annus,

id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:

multa infanda,

Liv. 28, 12, 5:

multa falsa,

id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:

multa secunda proelia,

victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:

multa libera capita,

freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:

multae liberae civitates,

republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:

multos fortes viros,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:

multi clari viri,

noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

multi primarii viri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:

multi clarissimi viri,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:

multi amplissimi viri,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

multi honestissimi homines,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

multi peritissimi homines,

id. Caecin. 24, 69:

multi summi homines,

id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,

id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:

in veteribus patronis multis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:

multa praeterea bella gravia,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

multis suppliciis justis,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:

multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,

id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:

plurima signa pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:

virtutes animi multae et magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

causas ille multas et graves habuit,

id. Clu. 30, 82;

and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

prodigia multa, foeda,

Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:

multi hominum,

Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:

multae silvestrium arborum,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:

nimium multa,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

nimis multa,

id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:

insulae non ita multae,

not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:

parum multa scire,

too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,

as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

minime multi remiges,

exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,

Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:

nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,

Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:

aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,

with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:

multa prece prosequi,

id. C. 4, 5, 33:

multa victima,

Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:

avis,

id. Am. 3, 5, 4:

tabella,

Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:

exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

multo labore quaerere aliquid,

with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:

cura,

Sall. J. 7, 4:

sol,

much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30, 2:

multum sanguinem haurire,

Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:

multam harenam mare evomit,

id. 4, 6, 8:

arbor,

id. 7, 4, 26:

silva,

id. 8, 10, 14:

multae vestis injectu opprimi,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

multa et lauta supellex,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

aurum,

Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:

libertas,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:

multam salutem dicere alicui,

to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:

cum auro et argento multo,

Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:

Itaque multum diei processerat,

a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:

ad multum diem,

till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

multo adhuc die,

when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:

multo denique die,

when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

multa nocte,

late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:

multo mane,

very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:

multa opinio, for multorum,

the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:

velut multa pace,

as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:

multus homo,

one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:

video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,

id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:

tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:

unus de multis esse,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;

potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

numerarer in multis,

among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:

e multis una sit tibi,

no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:

multum est,

it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:

ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,

Cic. Clu. 64, 181:

ne multis: Diogenes emitur,

id. ib. 16, 47:

quid multis moror?

Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:

multa reluctari,

Verg. G. 4, 301:

gemens,

id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:

deos testatus,

id. ib. 7, 593:

invehi,

Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):

haud multa moratus,

Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:

in multum velociores,

by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

In partic.

Too much, overmuch, excessive:

supellex modica, non multa,

Nep. Att. 13, 5.—

In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:

qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,

id. ib. 2, 87, 358:

nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,

id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—

Frequent, frequently present:

in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,

was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:

hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!

troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:

instare,

Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):

salve multum, gnate mi,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:

multum vale,

farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:

hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 2, 42:

opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,

not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,

often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:

non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

non multum confidere,

not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

sunt in venationibus,

often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:

in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,

Cic. Brut. 48, 178:

multum fuisse cum aliquo,

to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:

gratia valere,

to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:

res multum et saepe quaesita,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

longe omnes multumque superabit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:

multum et diu cogitans,

id. Div. 2, 1, 1:

diu multumque scriptitare,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:

multum loquaces,

very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:

mepti labores,

very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:

multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

multum robustior illo,

Juv. 19, 197:

majora,

Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:

haud multum infra viam,

Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:

haud multum post mortem ejus,

Tac. A. 5, 3:

ut multum,

at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—

multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).

With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:

multo tanto carior,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

pauciores oratores,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:

facilius atque expeditius iter,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:

virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,

Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

multo ceteros anteibant,

Tac. H. 4, 13:

multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,

Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:

multo mavolo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:

meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—

With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:

simulacrum multo antiquissimum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

maxima pars,

id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:

multo id bellum maximum fuit,

Liv. 1, 11, 5:

pars multo maxima,

id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:

multo gratissima lux,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:

foedissimum,

Quint. 9, 4, 72:

optimum,

id. ib. 26:

pulcherrimum,

id. 1, 2, 24:

utilissima,

id. 2, 10, 1:

maxime,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:

multo maxime miserabile,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

multo maxime ingenio validus,

id. J. 6, 1.—

With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:

multo aliter,

Ter. And. prol. 4:

multo aliter ac sperabat,

far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:

quod non multo secus fieret, si,

not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —

In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:

non multo ante urbem captam,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

non multo ante,

not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:

multo ante,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:

non multo post, quam, etc.,

not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:

haud multo ante solis occasum,

Liv. 5, 39, 2:

multo ante noctem,

id. 27, 42, 13.—

Very rarely with the positive for multum:

maligna multo,

very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—

Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:

multo multoque longior,

far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:

multo multoque operosius est,

Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.

Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.

In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;

so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

ne plus minusve loqueretur,

Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);

so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:

speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,

Mart. 8, 71, 4:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:

vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,

and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:

verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,

Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:

apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:

valet enim salus plus quam libido,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—

With a partitive gen.:

vultis pecuniae plus habere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:

nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,

plus virium,

id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:

plus hostium,

Liv. 2, 42:

plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:

in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:

plus ingenii,

id. ib. 1, 14, 22:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,

as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—

With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):

non plus quam semel,

Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:

confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

ne plus reddat quam acceperit,

id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:

non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,

into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:

plus quam decem dies abesse,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,

with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—

Without quam:

HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,

Liv. 24, 44:

plus milies audivi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

non plus mille quingentos aeris,

id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,

Liv. 31, 34:

cum plus annum aeger fuisset,

id. 40, 2:

parte plus dimidia rem auctam,

id. 29, 25.—

With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:

VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,

more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:

ex his alius alio plus habet virium,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:

alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:

in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:

annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,

or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:

plus aequo,

Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

plus paulo,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:

paulo plus,

Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:

plus nimio,

overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:

uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,

one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—

In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:

ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,

of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

ager multo pluris est,

is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:

quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:

pluris emere,

dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,

vendere,

id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:

aedificare,

Col. 1, 4, 7:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,

Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:

facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4:

facere aliquem pluris,

make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:

pluris habere,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

aestimare,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

ducere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

putare,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—

Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—

Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—

Like magis, with an adj.:

plus formosus, for formosior,

Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—

In the plur.

Comparatively, more in number:

omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:

ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:

multo plura,

many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—

In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;

1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 52:

summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,

Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,

id. 8, 4, 27:

quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,

Cic. Clu. 41, 115:

eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;

without verba: quid ego plura dicam?

id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:

pluribus haec exsecutus sum,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;

also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,

what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—

Esp.: plures.

The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—

Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:

quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—

The greater number, the majority:

plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32.

Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):

hujus sunt plurima simulacra,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

plurimae et maximae partes,

id. ib. 1, 4, 8:

plurimorum seculorum memoria,

id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:

me plurima praeda onustum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:

sermo,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

risus,

id. 6, 3, 85:

res,

id. 6, 1, 51:

exercitatio,

id. 8 prooem. §

28: mons,

very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:

cervix,

id. G. 3, 52:

Aetna,

Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:

medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,

very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:

coma plurima,

very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:

sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,

mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:

plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,

many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,

oleaster plurimus,

Verg. G. 2, 183:

qua plurima mittitur ales,

Mart. 9, 56, 1:

plurima lecta rosa est,

Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):

ut haberet quam plurimum,

as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:

caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:

et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:

auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

si vero populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:

plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ut te plurimum diligam,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:

quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):

plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,

Min. Fel. Oct. 22:

gratulor,

id. ib. 40:

(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,

at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,

cum plurimum,

id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—

In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:

artis,

Quint. 10, 5, 3:

auctoritatis et ponderis,

id. 9, 4, 91:

ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,

id. 10, 3, 1:

virtutum,

id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—

In the gen. pretii:

plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,

values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:

quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,

Nep. Eum. 2, 2:

ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,

Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48.

praesumptĭo, ōnis, f. [praesumo].

A taking beforehand, a using or enjoying in advance, anticipation:

rerum, quas assequi cupias, praesumptio ipsa jucunda est,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 11:

bonae famae praesumptione perfrui,

id. ib. 9, 3, 1.—

In rhet., a taking up and answering in advance, an anticipation of possible or suspected objections: mire in causis valet praesumptio, quae prolêpsis dicitur, cum id, quod obici potest, occupamus, Quint. 9, 2, 16; 9, 2, 18.—

A representing to one's self beforehand, a conception, supposition, presumption:

multum dare solemus praesumptioni omnium hominum,

Sen. Ep. 117, 5:

cum contra praesumptionem suam annis decem in obsidione tenerentur,

Just. 3, 4:

non levi praesumptione credere,

Dig. 41, 3, 44.—

In partic.

Boldness, confidence, assurance, audacity, presumption (post-class.):

illicitā praesumptione rex ad vicem sacerdotis holocaustum obtulit,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 33:

timor fundamentum salutis, praesumptio impedimentum timoris,

Tert. Cult. Fem. 2:

cassa,

App. Mag. p. 323, 17.—

Stubbornness, obstinacy:

mirā contra plagarum dolores praesumptione munitus,

App. M. 8, p. 214, 31:

obfirmatus summā praesumptione,

id. ib. 10, p. 243, 25.—

Prejudice, Tert. Apol. 49.

sĭmŭlācrum, i, n. [simulo], an image formed in the likeness of a thing, a likeness, image, form, representation, semblance (class.; syn.: imago, effigies, signum).

Lit., of images formed by art, reflected in a mirror, or seen in a dream; of apparitions, visions, etc. (the latter mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of images formed by art, esp. of statues of the gods, an image, figure, portrait, effigy, statue, etc.:

alicujus effigiem simulacrumque servare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 159; cf.:

statuas et imagines, non animorum simulacra sed corporum... relinquere,

id. Arch. 12, 30:

Helenae se pingere simulacrum velle dixit (Zeuxis),

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; cf. id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

delubra magnifica humanis consecrata simulacris,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14;

but cf.: simulacrum deae non effigie humanā,

Tac. H. 2, 3:

deorum simulacra sanctissima,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3;

so of the images of the gods,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 185; Caes. B. G. 6, 16; 6, 17; id. B. C. 2, 5; 3, 105; Tac. H. 2, 3; id. A. 12, 22 al.:

tueri aras simulacraque divom,

Lucr. 5, 75; 5, 308:

et bene facta deum frangit simulacra,

id. 6, 419; Verg. A. 2, 172; Ov. M. 10, 694; 15, 658 al.; cf.:

Herculis simulacrum,

Liv. 9, 44 fin.: simulacra oppidorum, Cic. Pis. 25, 60; cf.

pugnarum,

Liv. 41, 28, 10:

Balbum in triumpho omnium gentium urbiumque nomina ac simulacra duxisse,

Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 36; cf.

also: simulacrum celebrati diei pingere,

Liv. 24, 16 fin.:

montium, fluviorum,

Tac. A. 2, 41.— Poet., of the Trojan horse, Verg. A. 2, 232 (for which, effigies, id. ib. 2, 184).—

Adverb.: ad or per simulacrum (like ad similitudinem, formam), in the form of, after the pattern of:

aurata aedes ad simulacrum templi Veneris collocata,

Suet. Caes. 84:

ad simulacrum ignium ardens Pharus,

id. Flor. 4, 2, 88; cf.:

ad simulacrum caelestium siderum,

id. ib. 1, 2, 3:

digiti per litterarum simulacra ducuntur,

Sen. Ep. 94, 51.—

An image, form, shade, phantom seen in a mirror, in a dream, etc.; analogous to the Gr. eidôlon:

quaecunque apparent nobis simulacra,

Lucr. 4, 99; cf.:

per aquas, quae nunc rerum simulacra videmus,

id. 1, 1060:

quid frustra simulacra fugacia (in aquā visa) captas?

Ov. M. 3, 432. —Of the shades or ghosts of the departed:

quaedam simulacra modis pallentia miris,

Lucr. 1, 123 (cf. Verg. G. 1, 477 infra); cf.:

est via declivis (in Tartarum)... umbrae recentes Descendunt illac simulacraque functa sepulcris,

Ov. M. 4, 435; so id. ib. 10, 14:

simulacra cara parentis,

id. ib. 14, 112; cf. Verg. A. 2, 772:

ut bibere in somnis sitiens cum quaerit... laticum simulacra petit, etc.,

Lucr. 4, 1099; cf.:

(canes) Expergefacti secuntur inania saepe Cervorum simulacra,

id. 4, 995:

simulacra inania somni,

Ov. H. 9, 39:

vana (noctis),

id. Am. 1, 6, 9:

simulacra modis pallentia miris Visa sub obscurum noctis,

Verg. G. 1, 477; Sil. 3, 650 al.; cf.:

ne vacua mens audita simulacra et inanes sibi metus fingeret,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7.—

In the philosoph. lang. of Lucret. (like the Gr. eidôlon and the Lat. spectrum), the form or image of an object of sense or thought presented to the mind; a representation, idea, conception, Lucr. 2, 112; 4, 130; 4, 149 sq.—

Of mnemonic signs, types, or emblems:

ut res ipsas rerum effigies notaret atque ut locis pro cerā, simulacris pro litteris uteremur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 354.—

A description, a portraiture of character:

non inseram simulacrum viri copiosi (Catonis), quae dixerit referendo,

Liv. 45, 25.—

A likeness or similitude:

diu disputavi, Hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere: Id repperi jam exemplum, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6.—

In partic., with the predominant idea of mere imitation (opp. to that which is original or real), a shadow, semblance, appearance, etc.:

simulacrum aliquod ac vestigium civitatis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 1; cf.:

simulacra virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 15, 46; and:

haec simulacra sunt auspiciorum, auspicia nullo modo,

id. Div. 2, 33, 71:

libertatis,

Tac. A. 1, 77:

belli simulacra cientes,

i.e. mock-fights, sham-fights, Lucr. 2, 41; 2, 324:

pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis,

Verg. A. 5, 585; 5, 674; Sil. 16, 529; 7, 119; cf.:

simulacrum navalis pugnae,

Liv. 26, 51, 6; 35, 26, 2:

quibusdam pugnae simulacris ad verum discrimen aciemque justam consuescimus,

Quint. 2, 10, 8; so,

ludicrum pugnae,

Liv. 40, 9:

decurrentis exercitūs,

id. 44, 9:

vindemiae,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

civilitatis particulae,

Quint. 2, 15, 25:

inania,

id. 10, 5, 17.

sŭi ( gen.), dat. sibī̆, acc. and abl. se or sese, sing. and plur. (old dat. sibei, C. I. L. 1, 38; 1, 1056;

1, 1180 et saep.: sibe,

ib. 1, 1267; 5, 300; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 24; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 180 sq.; on the quantity of the final i, v. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, p. 632 sqq.; old acc. sed, C. I. L. 1, 196, 13 sq.; 1, 197, 21; strengthened acc. sepse = se ipse, Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12; cf. Sen. Ep. 108, 32:

semet,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 78; Liv. 2, 12, 7; 2, 44, 8 al.), pron. of 3d pers. in recipr. and reflex. sense [Sanscr. sva-, svajam-, self; Gr. he, We, sphe (hou, hoi, he); cf. suus, old Lat. sovos; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 396; Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 54], of himself, of herself, of itself, of themselves; one another, each other, etc.; him, her, it, them; and, as subj. of inf., he, she, it, they (on the use of se or sese in acc., cf.: ut se dicamus, cum aliquem quid in alium fecisse ostendimus, ut puta: ille dicit se hoc illi fecisse;

cum autem in se ipsum, tunc dicamus sese, velut: dixit sese hoc sibi fecisse,

Charis. 1, 15, p. 86 P.; but the distinction is not commonly observed; the two forms being used indifferently, except that sese is preferred where there is emphasis, especially at the beginning or end of a clause, or in reference to a preceding ipse; v. infra; and cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 182 sqq.).

Prop., as pron. reflex., of an object considered as receiving or affected by its own act, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

In all clauses, referring to the grammatical subject of the clause.

As direct obj. of verb:

dedistine gladium, qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92:

artis eloquar quem ad modum se expediant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10:

se in plagas conicere,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

numquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

id. ib. 3, 2, 58: se aperiunt, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

adplicat ad Chrysidis patrem se,

id. ib. 5, 4, 22:

si is posset ab ea sese avellere,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 39:

hi se ad nos adplicant,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 13:

per eos, ne causam diceret, se eripuit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

cum ferrum se inflexisset,

id. ib. 1, 25:

praecipites fugae sese mandabant,

id. ib. 2, 24:

si se telo defenderet fur,

Cic. Mil. 3, 9:

Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

solum igitur quod se ipsum movet, numquam ne moveri quidem desinit,

id. ib. 6, 25, 27:

statim homo se erexit,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60:

majores acceperamus se a Gallis auro redemisse,

Liv. 22, 59, 7:

in montem sese recipere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 26; Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

ad inpedimenta se conferre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sese alicui ad pedes proicere,

id. ib. 1, 31:

se gerere,

to behave, Cic. Agr. 2, 19, 53:

sic se res habet, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 271; id. Fin. 1, 7, 25; 5, 10, 27 sq.:

quod uxor sua ex fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88. — Strengthened by ipse, nom.:

hic se ipsus fallit,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

ut se ipse diliget,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

ipse enim se quisque diligit,

id. Lael. 21, 80:

ita non modo superiores, sed etiam se ipse correxerat,

id. Or. 52, 176:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 24:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4, 3:

miles se ipse interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51; 4, 11:

ne, ignorando regem, semet ipse aperiret quis esset,

Liv. 2, 12, 7:

nec sese ipsi gravant,

Quint. 1, 12, 10.—Sometimes acc.:

inperator qui se ipsum non continet,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

quid est enim se ipsum colligere, nisi, etc.,

id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78; 1, 23, 53:

ut quidam imperatores se ipsos dis inmortalibus devoverent,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 10:

quod si se ipsos illi nostri liberatores e conspectu nostro abstulerunt,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

admovisse semet ipsos lateri suo,

Curt. 7, 1, 14:

gladio se ipsam transfixit,

Vell. 2, 26, 3.—In gerund. construction:

ne sui in perpetuum liberandi occasionem dimittant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38; 3, 6; 4, 34:

principes sui conservandi causa profugerunt,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

maximam causam ad se inundandam terra praestabit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 4.—

As indirect obj.:

animo servit, non sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27:

sapiens ipsus fingit fortunam sibi,

id. ib. 2, 2, 84:

ne ibi diffregisset crura aut cervices sibi,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 126:

nil aliud nisi quod sibi soli placet consulit,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 4:

quaerunt sibi liberos,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 21:

aurum habeat sibi,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 108:

illum multae sibi expetessunt,

id. ib. 4, 6, 16:

tum me convivam solum abducebat sibi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 17:

non sibi soli postulat, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 27:

nunc sibi uxorem expetit,

id. And. 3, 2, 40:

is sibi legationem ad civitates suscepit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin exirent, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 33:

hoc sibi nomen adrogare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; 1, 5, 9:

alia sunt tamquam sibi nata,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

proposita sibi morte,

id. Sest. 21, 48; id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

ne, illo cunctante, Numidae sibi consulant,

Sall. J. 62, 1:

ut populum Romanum sibi desumerent hostem,

Liv. 7, 20, 5:

Turnus, praelatum sibi advenam aegre patiens,

id. 1, 2:

petebant ut regis sui filiam matrimonio sibi jungeret,

Curt. 8, 1, 9:

nemo sibi tantummodo errat,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 4:

locum sibi ad formam sui exsculpsit,

id. Q. N. 4, 3, 4.—With ipse:

ipse tantos sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

nec ipsi sibi exemplo sunt,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

iste, quasi praeda sibi advecta, ducit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

voluntarium non sibimet ipse solum, sed etiam funeri suo exilium indixit,

Liv. 39, 52, 9:

proinde consulant sibi ipsi,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

avaritia, quae quicquid omnibus abstulit, sibi ipsi neget,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6; cf. Cic. Marc. 5, 13. —

After substt., adjj., etc.:

omnino est amans sui virtus,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98:

ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7:

omnem naturam esse servatricem sui,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:

cum videret, si non paruisset, dissimilem se futurum sui,

id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: nihil malo quam et me mei similem esse et illos sui, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A, 2:

habetis ducem memorem vestri, oblitum sui,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

potens sui,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 41:

nihil est tam incontinens sui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 6:

quod sibi obsit, quia sit sibi inimicus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 28: inimicus ipse [p. 1795] sibi putandus est, id. ib.:

cum ipsi homines sibi sint per se cari,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38:

Medus infestus sibi,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 19:

crescit indulgens sibi hydrops,

id. ib. 2, 2, 13; cf.:

nec enim utilius quicquam est quam sibi utilem fieri,

Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5:

Campanus se digna probra in insontem jacere,

Liv. 25, 18, 8:

(mundus) se ipse consumptione alebat sui,

Cic. Univ. 6:

cum multa adsoleat veritas praebere vestigia sui,

Liv. 40, 54, 8:

caecus amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

sui contemptor,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

in spem sui bonam adducitur,

Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 3:

(aer) ima sui parte maxime varius est,

id. Q. N. 2, 11, 1:

ipsa (virtus) pretium sui,

id. Vit. Beat. 9, 4:

neque est quod existimes illum vilem sibi fuisse: pretium se sui fecit,

id. Ben. 1, 9, 1:

saepe taedio laboris ad vilitatem sui compelluntur ignavi,

Curt. 5, 9, 7:

nemo non benignus est sui judex,

Sen. Ben. 2, 26, 1:

Romanus in ipso fine vitae vindex sui exstitit,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 11:

equestris ordinis juventus omnibus annis bis urbem spectaculo sui celebrabat,

id. 2, 2, 9; cf. with ipse:

utpote ipsa sui appellatione virorum majestati debitum a feminis reddens honorem,

id. 2, 1, 7. —

With prepp.:

qui admisit in se culpam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 6:

culpam ut ab se segregent,

id. ib. 1, 2, 42:

segregat ab se omnis,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 17; 4, 6, 62:

me ad se deduxit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 121; 3, 1, 118; id. Ps. 3, 2, 6:

quae me non excludit ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 108:

habet aliud (negotium) magis ex se et majus,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 51:

et fingunt quandam inter se nunc fallaciam,

id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

duxit secum virginem,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 23; Cic. Att. 5, 17, 3; Liv. 35, 30; 43, 18:

ex se generare,

Quint. 1, 1, 36: — pro se quisque = unusquisque, every one, each one singly, etc., freq. in Livy (cf. suus, II. D. 2.):

Pro se quisque id quod quisque potest... Edit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 76:

pro se quisque alius agnum inmolabat, alius pullum,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 2:

pro se quisque sedulo Faciebant,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

cum pro se quisque tenderet ad portas,

Liv. 6, 3; 6, 8; 1, 9; 1, 59;

2, 6: — Boiosque receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5 fin.:

exercitum ante se mittit,

id. ib. 1, 21:

supra se collocare,

id. ib. 1, 24:

ex materia in se omnia recipiente mundum factum esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

litteras ad se ab amico missas protulit,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 7:

praedam prae se agentes,

Liv. 5, 45; 38, 21:

quam (rem publicam) exercitus, quantum in se fuit, prodebat,

id. 2, 43; 9, 40; Nep. Iphic. 3, 4; cf. id. Hann. 12, 2 (v. infra, II. B. 2.):

quibus poterat sauciis ductis secum,

Liv. 4, 39.—Rarely referring to subj. inf.:

nam dicere apud eum de facinore... cum per se ipsum consideres, grave est,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 4:

non quia per se beatum est malo caruisse,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6. —

With inf. pass. in obj.-clause:

ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

quibus (nominibus) illae res publicae sese appellari velint,

id. ib. 1, 33, 50:

qui se minus timidos existimari volebant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 6.—

As predicate ( = suus, II. B. 2. d; very rare):

quisquis est deus, si modo est alius... totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui,

in his own power, independent, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14. —

Referring to a logical subject, other than the grammatical subj. of the clause.

To a definite subj.:

neque praeter se umquam ei servos fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 48:

hunc aiebant indignum civitate ac sese vivere,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 176: exercitum consumptum videtis;

quem turpiter se ex fuga recipientem ne qua civitas recipiat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.:

reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

id. B. C. 1, 46:

multis illi in urbibus reficiendi se et curandi potestas fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 6:

cur his persequendi juris sui adimis potestatem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

cum nihil sit periculosius quam spatium confirmandi sese Antonio dari,

id. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

tantam ingenuit animantibus conservandi sui natura custodiam,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

neque sui colligendi hostibus facultatem relinquunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

ut quam minimum spatii ad se colligendos Romanis daretur,

id. ib. 3, 19; 3, 4; 4, 34; Hirt. B. G. 8, 16:

Gallica acies nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28, 11:

nec raptis aut spes de se melior aut indignatio est minor,

id. 1, 9, 14: Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari, id. 1, 5, 5:

proelium cum fiducia sui commissum est,

id. 7, 33, 5; 10, 14, 17:

detecta fraus cautiores Thyreensis fecit: dato responso, nullam se novam societatem accepturos, etc.,

id. 36, 12, 8:

patres censuerunt, qui honorem, quem sibi capere per leges liceret, peteret, etc.,

id. 32, 7, 11:

jusso magistro equitum abdicare se magistratu,

id. 4, 35; 22, 33, 12:

haec cum apud timentes sibimet ipsos increpuissent,

id. 6, 37, 1:

ab ipso, quaerenti sibi commendationem ad gentem monitus,

id. 36, 8, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

signa peditum, prae se habentium scuta,

id. 38, 21, 3:

invenere oppidanos vim hostium ab se arcentes,

id. 6, 9, 7:

exire enim sua secum efferentibus jussis primum arma ademit,

id. 43, 18, 11; cf.

§ 10: quos in numerum pecorum redegit ignoratio sui,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 5, 2:

quia nullum illis sui regimen est,

id. Ep. 94, 67:

inter se nihil inlicitum,

Tac. H. 5, 5; 1, 64:

quasi objurgatio sui est,

Quint. 11, 3, 49.—

To indefinite subj.:

deforme est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

posse enim liberalitate uti non spoliantem se patrimonio nimirum est pecuniae fructus maximus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 64:

non arbitrari sese scire quod nesciat,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

cui proposita sit conservatio sui,

id. Fin. 5, 13, 37:

sic amicitiae... effectrices sunt voluptatum tam amicis quam sibi,

id. ib. 1, 20, 67:

amare... etiam si ad se ex iis nihil redeat,

id. ib. 2, 24, 78:

(judicatio) quae aut sui laudem aut adversarii vituperationem contineat,

id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Or. 36, 124; id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

ut, quanti quisque se faciat, tanti fiat ab amicis,

id. Lael. 16, 59; id. Off. 1, 28, 99; id. Rosc. Com. 17, 52 fin.:

si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

ceterum et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

Quint. 9, 2, 14:

sibi servire gravissima est servitus,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 17:

quam multa sunt vota, quae etiam sibi fateri pudet,

id. Ben. 6, 38, 5:

nec haec vilitas sui est,

id. Clem. 1, 3, 4:

culpa est, immiscere se rei ad se non pertinenti,

Dig. 50, 17, 36:

profecto est supplicio se liberare tam facile quam supplicium perpeti,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 6.

Hence, in dependent clauses, transf., as pers. pron. 3d pers., with reflex. reference, him, her, it, them; he, she, they, etc.

In gen., of an obj. indentified with,

The gram. subj. of the principal clause:

qui omnis se amare credit, quemque aspexerit,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 14:

illa mulier lapidem silicem subigere ut se amet, potest,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 77; id. Cas. prol. 46:

orare jussit, si se ames, jam ut ad sese venias,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 4:

ait, si... non id metuat, ne, ubi acceperim, Sese relinquam,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 61:

timet animum amicae se erga ut sit suae,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 15:

utrumque jussit interfici, alterum, quia viam demonstravisset interimendi sui,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60:

qui precabantur, ut sibi sui liberi superstites essent,

id. N. D. 2, 28, 72; id. Prov. Cons. 17, 42:

ne ipse quidem sua tanta eloquentia mihi persuasisset, ut se dimitterem,

id. Or. 28, 100:

impetrat a senatu, ut dies sibi prorogaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

hunc sibi ex animo scrupulum, qui se dies noctisque stimulat, ut evellatis, postulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Iccius nuntios ad eum mittit, nisi subsidium sibi submittatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

quos cum apud se conspexisset... quid ad se venirent,

id. ib. 1, 47:

mittit, qui petant atque orent, ut sibi subveniat,

id. B. C. 1, 17:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit, ne se prodiret,

Nep. Paus. 8, 6:

cum ejus principes animadvertisset timere, ne propter se bellum eis Lacedaemonii indicerent,

id. Them. 8, 3:

Ubii legatos mittunt, qui doceant... neque ab se fidem laesam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

tum Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc.,

Liv. 2, 55, 6:

transfugit, patris in se saevitiam conquerens,

id. 1, 53, 5:

praesidia imposuit in urbibus, quae ad se defecerant,

Sall. J. 61, 1:

navigia sarcina depressa parum ostendunt non aquam sibi resistere?

Sen. Q. N. 2, 9, 3.—So in phrases incorporated with a principal clause:

Nicias vehementer tua sui memoria delectatur,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 3:

nihil est appetentius similium sui,

id. Lael. 14, 50: Pompeius facultatem sui insequendi ademerat, Caes. B. C. 1, 29:

praefectum in se ruentem trans fixit,

Curt. 4, 16, 23:

rediere cum legatis ad redimendos sese missis,

Liv. 22, 59, 18:

potestatem omnibus adeundi sui fecit,

Suet. Tib. 40:

Germanicus legiones universas sibi summam reipublicae deferentes compescuit,

id. Calig. 1:

quam si di inmortales potestatem visendi sui faciant,

Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 9:

(terra) non potest tam multa tantoque se ipsa majora nutrire, nisi, etc.,

id. Q. N. 6, 16, 3.—

Of an obj. indentified with a logical subj., other than the gram. subj. of the leading clause:

a Caesare valde liberaliter invitor, sibi ut sim legatus,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 3:

horum unum quidque... a se potius quam ab adversariis stare demonstrabitur,

id. Inv. 1, 43, 81; id. Mil. 16, 44:

nam mihi scito jam a regibus adlatas esse litteras, quibus mihi gratias agant, quod se mea sententia reges appellaverim,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

testem rei publicae relinquere, meae perpetuae erga se voluntatis,

id. ib. 1, 4, 10:

quos non tam ulcisci studeo quam sanare sibi ipsos,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 17:

quo ex oppido cum legati ad eum venissent oratum, ut sibi ignosceret,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12; Liv. 6, 42; 1, 5:

cum ei in suspitionem venisset, aliquid in epistula de se esse scriptum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1:

cohortem octavam decimam Lugduni, solitis sibi hibernis, relinqui placuit,

Tac. H. 1, 64. —

In partic., in reported words or thoughts (orat. obliqua) referring to the person to whom they are ascribed.

As subj. or obj., direct or indirect, with inf.:

quos Hannibal misit astrictos jure jurando se redituros esse, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 40:

Postumius mihi nuntiavit... se a Marcello ad me missum esse,

id. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

qui dixisse fertur a se visum esse Romulum... eum sibi mandasse ut populum rogaret ut sibi eo in colle delubrum fieret: se deum esse,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 20; id. Mil. 35, 95 sqq.:

nuntium mittit... sese diutius sustinere non posse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

Divitiacus Caesarem obsecrare coepit... scire se illa esse vera, nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere... sese tamen amore fraterno commoveri,

id. ib. 1, 20:

unum se esse, qui, etc.... ob eam rem se ex civitate profugisse,

id. ib. 1, 31:

haec sibi esse curae,

id. ib. 1, 40:

non sese Gallis, sed Gallos sibi bellum intulisse,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ipsos se inter multitudinem militum occultasse,

id. ib. 7, 38:

sensit Themistocles, si eo pervenisset, sibi esse pereundum,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

dato responso (sc. a Thyreensibus), nullam se novam societatem accepturos,

Liv. 36, 12, 8.—

In subordinate clauses, questions, exhortations, etc., with subj.

In gen.:

qui abs te taciti requirunt, cur sibi hoc oneris imposueris, cur se potissimum delegeris,

Cic. Planc. 18, 46; 2, 6; id. Marc. 10, 30:

conclamavit, quid ad se venirent?

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

unum petere ac deprecari... ne se armis despoliaret,

id. ib. 2, 31:

ad quos cum Caesar nuntios misisset, qui postularent, eos qui sibi bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

id. ib. 4, 16:

cur sui quicquam esse imperii trans Rhenum postularet?

id. ib.:

Cicero respondit, si ab armis discedere velint, se adjutore utantur,

id. ib. 5, 41:

Veneti legationem ad Crassum mittunt, si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

id. ib. 7, 4:

rex ignarus quae legati ejus (Hannibalis) ad se adlaturi fuissent,

Liv. 23, 39:

hac necessitate coactus, domino navis, qui sit, aperit, multa pollicens, si se conservasset,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

legatos in Bithyniam miserunt, qui ab rege peterent, ne inimicissimum suum secum haberent sibique dederet (for secum, v. I. A. 4. supra),

id. Hann. 12, 2.—

Esp., in subordinate clauses (sub-oblique), with subj. expressing the assertion or view of the person reported as speaking:

magnam Caesarem injuriam facere, qui vectigalia sibi deteriora faceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret,

id. ib.:

sed eo deceptum, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret, quare timeret,

id. ib. 1, 14:

quod nec paratus... obsecutus esset, credidissetque, cum se vidissent Aetoli, omnia, etc.,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

Ambiorix locutus est,... sua esse ejusmodi imperia, ut non minus haberet juris in se multitudo, quam ipse in multitudinem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

Divitiacus ait,... nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, propterea quod per se crevisset,

id. ib. 1, 20: eos incusavit, quod sibi [p. 1796] quaerendum aut cogitandum putarent, etc., id. ib. 1, 40:

decima legio Caesari gratias egit, quod de se optimum judicium fecisset,

id. ib. 1, 41:

doluisse se, quod populi Romani beneficium sibi extorqueretur,

id. B. C. 1, 9:

tum ei dormienti eundem visum esse rogare ut, quoniam sibi vivo non subvenisset, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux potissimum lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit... quod si eam veniam sibi dedisset, magno ei praemio futurum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 6:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

id. ib. 4, 3:

Caesar legatos cum his mandatis mittit, Quoniam... hanc sibi populoque Romano gratiam referret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

nos esse iniquos, quod in suo jure se interpellaremus,

id. ib. 1, 44:

neque ipsos in his contentionibus, quas Aedui secum habuissent, usos esse, etc.,

id. ib.:

maximae sibi laetitiae esse praedicavit, quod aliquos patria sua se meliores viros haberet,

Val. Max. 6, 4, ext. 5.—Rarely with indic. when the author asserts the action as a fact: Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc. ( = eo; cf.

infra, C.),

Liv. 2, 55, 6.—

Without reflex. reference, = an oblique case of is or ipse (in the best prose rare, and mostly where the conception of the orat. obliq. is suggested by the context; cf.

B. 2. b. supra): i, seis, jube transire huc quantum possit, se ut videant domi Familiares ( = eam),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 26; 1, 1, 6:

me misit miles ad Eam... ut hinc in Elatiam hodie eat secum semul,

id. Bacch. 4, 2, 9:

ut eum, qui se hic vidit, verbis vincat, ne is se viderit,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 31; cf. v. 35;

3, 2, 54: ut eam in se dignam condicicnem conlocem,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 122:

ipsi hi mihi dant viam, quo pacto ab se argentum auferam,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 9; id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

dicit capram, quam dederam servandam sibi, etc.,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 15:

unum hoc scio, esse meritam, ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

cum Epaminondas accusatur, quod ei, qui sibi ex lege praetor successerat, exercitum non tradiderit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 33, 55:

et se ipsum nobis, et eos, qui ante se fuerunt, in medio posuit,

id. ib. 2, 2, 7 (but B. and K. bracket se):

Dexo hic, quem videtis, non quae privatim sibi eripuisti, sed unicum abs te filium flagitat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

postea quam exposuit quae sibi videbantur,

id. Div. 1, 54, 122 (dub.;

B. and K. ipsi): et cum ad illum scribas, nihil te recordari de se,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23 (B. and K. bracket de se):

quem Caesar, ut erat de se meritus, donatum pronuntiavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 53:

Caesar Rhenum transire constituit... quod auxilia contra se Treveris miserant,

id. B. G. 6, 9 init.:

Metellus... in eis urbibus, quae ad se defecerant... praesidia inponit,

Sall. J. 61, 1; 66, 1:

Bocchus flectitur, reputando quae sibi duobus proeliis venerant,

id. ib. 103, 2:

statuit urbis, quae... adversum se opportunissimae erant, circumvenire,

id. ib. 88, 4:

ipse... ex perfugis cognitis... qui cum eo (Scipione) bellum contra se gerebant,

Hirt. B. Afr. 8 fin.:

vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83; id. S. 2, 8, 82:

centum boves militibus dono dedit, qui secum fuerant,

Liv. 7, 37, 3; 8, 35:

Hannibalem angebat, quod Capua pertinacius oppugnata ab Romanis quam defensa ab se... animos averterat,

id. 26, 38, 1:

alter victus fratrum ante se strage,

id. 1, 25, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.;

7, 6, 12: Caesar... omnibus qui contra se arma tulerant, ignovit,

Vell. 2, 56, 1:

quamquam obsidione Massiliae, quae sibi in itinere portas clauserat, retardante... tamen omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34:

cujus rector circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tib. 4:

quod eos coegit superare Lacedaemonios, quos ante se nemo ausus fuit aspicere,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf.:

ante illum,

id. Iphic. 1, 3):

quae nox sibi proxima venit, insomnis,

Luc. 5, 805.

Pron. recipr., each other, one another:

nam cum esset Praenestinis nuntiatum... patres ac plebem in semet ipsos versos,

Liv. 6, 28, 1; so very rare, except in phrase: inter se, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally, = allêlous (prop. between or among them, among themselves, hence no ellips. of another se is to be assumed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 609; Hand, Turs. 3, p. 397 sqq.): nil cessarunt ilico Osculari atque amplexari inter se, Plaut. Mil. 5, 39; 2, 1, 61; 3, 1, 120:

video eos inter se amare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

neque solum colent inter se ac diligent (cf. ante: alter ab altero postulabit),

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

Cicerones pueri amant inter se,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12; id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1; id. Cat. 3, 5, 13; id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

inter se adspicere,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

inter se congruere,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

complecti inter se milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42, 6:

ut neque inter se contingant trabes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23; id. B. C. 1, 21:

inter se nondum satis noti,

Liv. 21, 39, 7:

populus et senatus Romanus placide modesteque inter se rempublicam tractabant,

Sall. J. 41, 2:

bellum summa inter se contentione gerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

cum inter se timerent,

Nep. Dion, 4, 1; id. Eum. 4, 2: haec inter se quam repugnent, contradict one another, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72; id. N. D. 1, 12, 30 (cf.: sibi repugnare, to be inconsistent with itself;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1018): inter se differre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

cur legendi sint, nisi ipsi inter se, qui idem sentiunt, non intellego,

by one another, Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

quosdam inter se similis,

id. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51; 9, 4, 17. — With subst.:

adhaesitationes atomorum inter se,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

quae res eos in bello inter se habuit,

Sall. J. 79, 3; cf.:

auxerant inter se opinionem,

their mutual regard, Liv. 21, 39, 9.—Pleon.:

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

compositis inter se rebus,

Sall. J. 66, 2:

vitatur duriorum inter se congressus,

Quint. 11, 3, 35.—Of local relation:

duas insulas propinquas inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 61 Dietsch; id. J. 98, 3:

postquam haud procul inter se erant,

id. ib. 53, 7:

haud longe inter se castra facere,

id. ib. 55, 6 (inter se, without recipr. reference, v. supra, I. A. 4.).

Idiomatic uses.

Se, with prepp., one ' s house, home; mostly ad se, apud se, to or at one ' s house, home, at home:

quae me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108:

postquam in aedis me ad se deduxit domum,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 43:

me ad se ad prandium, ad cenam vocant,

id. ib. 3, 1, 118: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

qui a me petierit ut secum et apud se essem cottidie,

id. ib. 5, 6, 1.—

Trop.:

num tibi videtur esse apud sese?

in his senses, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 85. —

Sibi pleonast. as dat. of the interested person:

ipse autem Ariovistus tantus sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

tum sibi M. Pisonis domum ubi habitaret elegerat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 61; cf. I. A. 2. supra. So esp. freq. in expressions of surprise or abrupt questions (commonly, but loosely called a dat. ethic.):

quid sibi vult pater? cur simulat?

Ter. And. 2, 3, 1:

quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit?

id. Eun. 3, 5, 10:

hostes admiratio cepit, quidnam sibi repentinus clamor vellet,

Liv. 44, 12, 1:

quid ergo sibi vult pars altera orationis?

id. 40, 12, 14:

mirantes, quid sibi vellet,

id. 3, 35, 5; 3, 50, 15; 4, 13, 12;

32, 25, 10: pro deum fidem quid vobis vultis?

id. 3, 67, 7. —

Sibi with suus, emphasizing the idea of possession, his own, etc. (ante- and post-class.):

cocleae... Suo sibi suco vivont,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 13:

sed is quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

id. ib. prol. 5;

46: si ille huc salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 119 Brix. ad loc.:

suam sibi rem salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

locus argumento'st suom sibi proscaenium,

id. ib. prol. 57;

97: omnem rem inveni, ut sua sibi pecunia hodie illam faciat leno libertam suam,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 1:

suo sibi gnato,

id. As. 4, 2, 16:

hunc telo suo sibi a foribus pellere,

id. Am. 1, 1, 113:

sua sibi ingenua indoles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 38:

suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35:

uvas suo sibi pampino tegito,

Col. Arb. 11:

suo sibi jure ablui,

id. R. R. 12, 7; 12, 41:

suo sibi argumento refutatus,

Gell. 5, 10, 16:

suo sibi lacte aleret,

id. 12, 1, 6:

a suis sibi parentibus,

App. M. 1, p. 104, 35:

in suis sibi domibus,

id. ib. 1, p. 106, 31; 4, p. 157, 7;

6, p. 186, 24: qui Deo... sua sibi opera praetulerunt,

Lact. 2, 5, 6; 3, 28, 20:

in suo sibi pervoluta sanguine,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 22; Vitr. 8, 7:

cum sua sibi natione captivus,

Min. Fel. 10, 4:

IN SVO SIBI POSITVS,

Inscr. Orell. 4495:

AEDEM CVM SVO SIBI HYPOGAEO,

Inscr. Rein. p. 646, 109.—In many passages in class. prose sibi occurs with suus, but retains its pronom. force:

factus consul est bis, primum ante tempus, iterum sibi suo tempore, rei publicae paene sero,

in good time for himself, Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum,

id. ib. 13, 45:

priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

vult ille inbecillitatis sibi suae conscius timere pituitam?

Sen. Q. N. 6, 2, 4 (v. suus II. D. 3. a).

Tīryns, nthis or nthos, f., = Tiruns, a very ancient town in Argolis, where Hercules was brought up, Plin. 4, 5, 9, § 17; Stat. Th. 4, 147; Serv. Verg. A. 7, 662.—Hence, Tīrynthĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Tiryns, Tirynthian; and poet., also, of or belonging to Hercules, Herculean:

heros,

i. e. Hercules, Ov. M. 7, 410; id. F. 2, 349;

called also juvenis,

id. ib. 2, 305:

hospes,

id. ib. 1, 547:

Tirynthius heros,

Chromis, the son of Hercules, Stat. Th. 6, 489; and Q. Fabius Maximus (because the Fabii deduced their origin from Hercules), Sil. 8, 218; cf.:

Fabius, Tirynthia proles,

id. 2, 3:

gens, i. e. Fabia,

id. 7, 35:

pubes,

troops of Tiryns, Stat. Th. 11, 45:

tela,

of Hercules, Ov. M. 13, 401:

nox,

i. e. of the conception of Hercules, Stat. S. 4, 6, 17:

aula,

i. e. Herculaneum, id. ib. 2, 2, 109; cf. tecta, i. e. Saguntum, built by Hercules, Sil. 2, 300.—

Tīrynthĭus, i. e. Hercules, Ov. M. 9, 66; 9, 268; 12, 564; id. F. 5, 629; Verg. A. 7, 662; 8, 228.—

Tīrynthĭa, ae, f., Alcmena, the mother of Hercules, Ov. M. 6, 112.—