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1 ὀμφαλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `navel, navel string' (Il.), very often metaph. of navelformed elevations, `shield knob, yoke knob' (Il.), `center' (α 50).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀμφαλη-τόμος f. `cutter of the navel string, midwife' (Hippon., Hp.; - η- rhythmic-analogical, Schwyzer 438 f.), μεσ-όμφαλος "in the middle of the navel", `in the center', esp. of Delphi and its oracle (trag.), also `with a navel (an elevation) in the center' (trag., com.); also with enlargement of the 2. member, e.g. ἐπ-ομφάλ-ιος `situated on the navel (the shield knob)' (H 267, Parth.; Schwyzer 451, Strömberg Prefix Studies 79), also `equipped with a navel' (AP 6, 22).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. ὀμφάλιον n. (Arat., Nic.); 2. ὀμφαλίς f. `navel string' (Sor.); 3. ὀμφαλ-όεις `equipped with a ὀ. ' (Il.; cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 24 f.), - ωτός `id.' (Pherecr., Plb.), - ώδης 'ὀ.-like' (Arist.), - ιος `belonging to the ὀ.' (AP), - ικός `id.' (Phan. Hist.); 4. ὀμφαλιστήρ, - ῆρος m. `knife used for cutting the navel string' (Poll., H.; cf. on βραχιονιστήρ).Etymology: Old word for `navel' with close agreements in Lat. umbil-īcus (prob. from * umbilus = ὀμφαλός), OIr. imbliu (PCelt. * imbilon-, IE *h₃m̥bh-); with this orig. athemat. l-stem (still in the Epirotic tribal name Ὄμφαλ-ος [gen. sg.], - ες [nom. pl.] retained?, s. Schwyzer 484 w. lit.) alternates an n-stem in Lat. umbō, - ōnis m. `boss of a shield', prob. also in a Westgerm. word for `belly, abdomen', OHG amban (sec. a-st.), -on m., OS (nom.) acc. pl. m. ambon, PGm. * amban-, IE * ombhon- (cf. on ὄμφαξ); on the l: n-variation cf. ἀγκάλη: ἀγκών. -- Beside these mainly western forms stand, primarily in the East, the in ablaut quite deviating Skt. nā́bhi- f. `navel, nave', OPr. nabis `id.', Latv. naba `navel', Germ., e.g. OHG naba f. `nave of a wheel', nabalo m. `navel' (l-suffix a in ὀμφαλός etc.), IE *h₃nĕbh-. Further forms w. lit. - and quite hypothetical combinations - in WP. 1, 130, Pok. 314 f., W.-Hofmann s. umbilīcus.Page in Frisk: 2,391-392Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀμφαλός
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2 ι̌̄̒μάς
ι̌̄̒μάς, αντος: leather strap or thong. — (1) in connection with the chariot, (a) straps in which the chariot - box was hung, or perhaps more likely the network of plaited straps enclosing the body of the chariot, Il. 5.727; (b) the reins, Il. 23.324, 363; (c) the halter, Il. 8.544.— (2) the chin-strap of a helmet, Il. 3.371.— (3) the cestus of boxers, see πυγμάχοι.— (4) the leash or latchstring by which doors were fastened. See adjacent cut, in four divisions: above, the closed, below the unfastened door; on the left, as seen from the inner side, on the right as seen from the outside. To close the door from the outside, the string, hanging loosely in fig. 1, was pulled until it drew the bolt from the position of fig. 2 to that of fig. 3, when it was made fast by a knot to the ring, κορώνη, e, fig. 4. To open from the outside, the string was first untied, and then the κληίς, not unlike a hook (fig. 4, f), was introduced through the key-hole, c, and by means of a crook (g, fig. 3) at the end of it the bolt was pushed back from the position of fig. 3 to that of fig. 2, and the door opened, Od. 1.442.— (5) for a bed - cord, Od. 23.201.— (6) the magic girdle of Aphrodīte, Il. 14.214, 219. — (7) a thong to make a drill revolve, Od. 9.385. (See cut No. 121.)A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ι̌̄̒μάς
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3 πύκα
Grammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `dense, solid', metaph. `careful, sensible' (Hom.).Derivatives: Beside it πυκάζω, Dor. - άσδω (Theoc.), aor. πυκά-σ(σ)αι, pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πεπύκασμαι, quite rarely with περι- a.o., `to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover' (ep. poet., late prose) with πύκασμα n. `encased, covered object' (Sm.). Adj. πυκνός, ep. lyr. also πυκινός, `dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever' (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. πυκνό-σαρκος `with solid flesh' (Hp., Arist.). From it πυκν-ότης f. `density, closeness etc.' (IA.), - άκις = πολλάκις (Arist.), - όω `to make dense, to tighten etc.' (IA.) with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός; - άζω `to be numerous' (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member πυκι- in πυκι-μηδής (- μήδης) = μήδεα πυκνά (Γ 202, 208) ἔχων, `with close mind, considerate, sensible' (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On ἄμπυξ s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The forms πύκα: πυκνός: πυκι-μηδής form a system; with πύκα: πυκνός cf. esp. the in meaning close θαμά: θάμνος (s. vv.). To this πυκινός (after πυκι-μηδής?) like (he analog. built?) θαμινός, ἁδινός a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): πυκνός, θάμνος from πυκινός, *θάμυνος syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together ἄμ-πυξ: Av. pus-ā `diadem' [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with πρόσ-φυξ: φυγ-η, points to a primary verb IE *puḱ- `fasten etc.' (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by πυκάζω. As denominative of πύκα without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), πυκάζω because of the very limited use of πύκα can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. puth `I kiss', puthtohem `clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace' (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A puk `all, complete, every' remains far already because the B-form po; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE *puḱ- (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that πυκνός etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.Page in Frisk: 2,622-623Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύκα
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4 καταστροφή
καταστροφ-ή, ἡ,2 subjugation, reduction, Hdt.1.6, 92, etc.;καταστροφὴν ποιήσασθαί τινος Id.6.27
;ἐπὶ Λιβύων καταστροφῇ πέμπεσθαι Id.4.167
;ἐπ' ἄλλων καταστροφῇ ἐξιέναι Th.1.15
: pl.,καταστροφαὶ ἐθνῶν Phld.Rh.1.255
S.II end, close, conclusion,ἄνευ δὲ λύπης οὐδαμοῦ καταστροφή A.Supp. 442
; κ. βίου, i.e. death, S. OC 103, cf. Plb.5.54.4, etc.;κ. τοῦ ζῆν Men.Pk.12
: without βίου, Th.2.42, Epicur.Sent. 35; ποία κ. εὐδαιμονεστέρα; Arr.Epict.4.10.17; τὸ τέλος αὐτῶν τῆς κ. the event of their life's end, Plb.6.8.6;κ. καὶ συντέλεια τῶν γεγονότων Id.3.1.9
;κ. λαμβάνειν Id.3.47.8
; τὴν κ. τῆς βίβλου ποιεῖσθαι εἰς .. Id.1.13.5; in the drama, dénouement, ending, Antiph.191.19, Hero Aut.22.6, Luc.Alex.60, al., Euanth. et Donat. in CGFpp.67,69 K.: pl.,αἱ κ. τῶν δραμάτων Plb.3.48.8
.IV crane, Stud.Pal.10.259.13 (pl., vi A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταστροφή
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5 ἐπιβάλλω
I. trans., throw or cast upon, θριξὶ.., ἃς ἐπέβαλλον (sc. πυρί) Il.23.135;ἐπὶ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλεν αὐτῷ Od.14.520
, cf. 4.440; ἑωυτὸν ἐς τὸ πῦρ v.l. in Hdt.7.107;φάρη κόραις E.El. 1221
(lyr.); ἐ.τινὰς ἐπὶ ἁμάξας Th.4.48
, cf.Hdt.4.75,5.112; ἐπιβάλλοντας (sc. χοῦν) throwing on more and more, Th.2.76.2. lay on, [ἡμιόνοις] ἐπέβαλλενἱμάσθλην Od.6.320
;ἐ. πληγάς τινι X.Lac.2.8
; Ζεὺς ἐπὶ χεῖρα (lyr.), cf.Ar.Nu. 933 (anap.);ἐ.τὴν χεῖρά τινι Id.Lys. 440
(but τῷ καρπῷ τοῦ νοσοῦντος τὴν χεῖρα, of feeling the pulse, Gal. 18(2).40; soτὴν ἁφήν Id.8.821
, Marcellin. Puls. 119); τὰς χεῖρας τοῖςκατ' Αἴγαιον Plb.3.2.8
;Ῥωμαίοις Id.18.51.8
;ἐπί τινα Ev.Matt.26.50
; impose as a tax tribute,τινί τι Hdt.1.106
, Th.8.108; as a fine or penalty, ζημίην, φυγὴν ἐ. τινί, Hdt.6.92 ([voice] Pass.), 7.3;ἀργύριον Lys.9.6
;ἐπιβολάς Id.20.14
, cf. Arist.Ath.61.2; ([voice] Pass.); inflict, θνατοῖς ἐ. ἀνάλγητα, λύπην, etc., S.Tr. 128 (lyr.), E.Med. 1115 (anap.), etc.3. ἐ. σφρηγῖδα, δακτύλιον, affix a seal, Hdt.3.128, 2.38;σφραγῖδ' ἐπί τι Ar.Av. 559
; σύμβολόν τινι ib. 1215.4. add, contribute, μικρὸν [ἀληθεία] Arist.Metaph. 993b2;ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ Thphr.Ign.49
; νέον [φῶς] Pl.Cra. 409b: metaph., throw in, mention, τι dub. in S.El. 1246 (lyr.) (in [voice] Med., "χαίρειν τεοῖς προθύροις ἐπιβάλλομαι Theoc.23.27
); Φαῖστος.. ἐπιβάλλων φησί Sch.Pi.P.4.28: abs., bid higher, Arist.Pol. 1259a14.5. place next in order, Plb.1.26.15.7. let loose,πρόβατα ἐπὶ κνῆκον PRyl.69.6
(i B.C.).8. causal ofἐπιβαίνω A. 111.3
, D.Chr.7.134.II. throw oneself upon, go straight towards, c. acc.,ἡ δὲ Φεὰς ἐπέβαλλεν Od.15.297
: later c. dat. loci, Plb.5.18.3, D.S.1.30, Plot.3.7.12, etc.;νήσοις Rhian.39
; εἰς Ιταλίαν, ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον, Plb.2.24.17, 5.6.6, cf. PAmh.2.31.5 (ii B.C.), etc.2. fall upon, ὅπου ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἐ. Arist. HA 598a3; esp. in hostile sense, set upon, c.dat., ib. 623b1, etc.;τοῖσ' Αρβήλοις D.S.17.64
: abs.,ἐ.ληστρικῷ τρόπῳ PRyl.127.10
(i A.D.); ἐπιβάλλουσαι jostling, trampling, Pl.Phdr. 248a; sens. obsc., Ar.Av. 1216.3. (sc. τὸν νοῦν) set to a thing, devote oneself to it, c. dat., M.Ant.10.30;τοῖς αὐλοῖς D.S.3.59
;τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plu.Cic.4
(in full τὴν διάνοιαν ἐ. πρός τι D.S.20.43): generally, give one's attention to, think on, Ev.Marc. 14.72.b. apprehend, Epicur. Fr. 423; attain by intuition, c.dat., Dam.Pr.54.4. fall in one's way, ὅταν ἐπιβάλλῃ περὶ τῆς τοιαύτηςπολιτείας ἡ σκέψις Arist.Pol. 1266a25
; .5. follow, come next, Plb.11.23.2;τισί Plu.Aem. 33
; ἐφ' ὃν ἐπιβαλὼν ἔφη said thereupon, Plb.1.80.1; interrupt,ἀποκρινομένῳ Thphr.Char.7.2
.6. belong to, fall to the share of, μόριονὅσον αὐτοῖσι ἐπέβαλλε Hdt.7.23
, cf. Diph.43.16; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γε, ἐπιβάλλει τῆς βλασφημίας ἅπασι D.18.272
;ὅσον ἐπιβάλλει αὐτοῖς Arist.Pol. 1260a19
; ἑκάστῳ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας ἐπιβάλλει τοσοῦτον ὅσονπερ ἀρετῆς ib. 1323b21; τῶν κτημάτων τὸ ἐπιβάλλον (sc. μέρος) the portion that falls to one, Hdt.4.115, cf. LXX To.3.17,6.12; so τὸ ἐ. ἐφ'ἡμᾶς μέρος D.18.254
;τὸ ἐ. μέρος τῆς οὐσίας Ev.Luc.15.12
, cf. PGrenf. 1.33.33 (ii B.C.), etc.; fall due, of payments, PLond.1.3.21 (ii B.C.); τόκον ὃν ἔφη ἐπιβάλλειν αὑτῷ which was payable by him, BCH6.21 (Delos, ii B.C.).b. part. ἐπιβάλλων, in Law, next-of-kin, ὁ ἐ., οἱ ἐ., Leg.Gort.7.36, 11.42, al.7. impers. c. acc. et inf., τοὺς Δελφοὺς δὴ ἐπέβαλλε.. παρασχεῖν it concerned them to provide, Hdt.2.180: or c. dat. et inf.,ἐπιβάλλει τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Chrysipp.Stoic.2.39
,al., Plb.18.51.1;ἐπιβάλλοντος ἡμῖν εὐεργετικοῖς εἶναι Corn.ND15
; κοινῇ πᾶσιν (ii B.C.);καθότι ἐπέβαλλεν ἀνδρὶ καλῷ καὶ ἀγαθῷ IG12(7).231.5
([place name] Amorgos): freq. in part., ἐπιβάλλουσαν ἡγεῖσθαι τὴν στρατείαν τινί incumbent upon.., Teles p.61 H.;τὸ ἐπιβάλλον Cleanth.Stoic.1.128
, Arr.Epict.2.11.3, etc.;τὰς -ούσας τάσεις τῆς φωνῆς Chrysipp.Stoic.2.96
; τὸ τῇ φύσει ἐ. Antip.Stoic.3.255; appropriate, ὑποδοχαί Telesp.41 H.;ἰήματα IG22.1121.15
;ἁρμονία Iamb.Comm.
Math.30; ἡ στέρησις ἐπιβάλλοντός ἐστι παρεῖναι εἴδους τινός a specific form which ought to be present, Plot.1.8.11.8. shut to, close, of the larynx, Arist.PA 664b26.9. in Logic, λόγοι ἐπιβάλλοντες, - όμενοι, overlapping and overlapped, of syllogisms in a sorites, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.85; so of Time,ἐπέβαλε τοῖς χρόνοις Ἰουλιανῷ Eun.VS p.497
B.:—[voice] Med.,γηραιῷ τῷ Κυρηναίῳ ἐπεβάλετο Anon. Intr.Arat. p.326M.
10. in Alchemy, make a `projection' (cf. ἐπιβολή), Syn.Alch.p.68B.III. [voice] Med., mostly like the intr. usages, but also:1. c. gen., throw oneself upon, desire eagerly,ἐνάρων ἐπιβαλλόμενος Il.6.68
;παρθενίας ἐπιβάλλομαι Sapph.102
;τοῦ εὖ ζῆν ἐπιβάλλονται Arist.Pol. 1258a3
.2. c. acc., put upon oneself, ἐπιβαλλομέναν.. πλόκον ἀνθέων E.Med. 840
; ἐπιβάλλεσθαι put on more wraps, Thphr. Char.2.10 (cf. IV. 1);ὕπνον ἡδὺν -όμενος D.Chr.12.51
: metaph., take possession of,καὶ ἐπὶ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο Od.14.209
; αὐθαίρετον δουλείαν ἐπιβαλεῖται will take upon himself, Th.6.40.b. of trees, make fresh growth, Thphr. HP3.5.1.3. c.acc., also, attempt, undertake, , Ti. 48c; : c.inf., Decr. ap. D.18.164, Zeno Stoic.1.68, Plb.1.43.2, etc.: abs., πολλῶν -ημένων though many have made the attempt, Agatharch. 76.4. c. dat., put one's hand to,ἐχέτλῃ AP7.650
(Phal.(?)): metaph., apply or devote oneself to,τόλμῃ καὶ πράξει Plb.5.81.1
;ἐγχειρήματι μεγάλῳ D.H.5.25
, etc.5. arrive at, [ πολίεσσι] Call.Del.68;ὅταν ἐπὶ τοὺς χρόνους ἐπιβαλώμεθα D.S.19.55
.6. ἐπὶ πᾶσι -εβάλοντο brought up the rear, Id.18.33.IV. in [voice] Pass., lie upon, be put upon, ἐπιβεβλημένοι τοξόται archers with their arrows on the string, X.An.4.3.28, cf. 5.2.12; λάσιον ἐπιβεβλημένος having a rough cloak on, Theopomp.Com.36; τὸ ἐν ψύχει κεῖσθαι- ημένον Hp.Epid.2.3.1
, cf. 6.4.14;διφθέραν -ημένη D.Chr.5.25
.2. to be set over,ὁ τελώνης ὁ ἐπιβεβλημένος τῷ Ζεύγματι Philostr. VA1.20
.3. Rhet., ornate (v. ἐπιβολή), ἰδέα λόγων οὔτ' ἐπιβεβλημένηοὔτ' αὖος Id.VS1.20.2
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιβάλλω
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6 σμύ̄χω
σμύ̄χωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to cause to carbonise, to be consumed in a slow fire, to smoulder away', midd. `to carbonise, to smoulder'; on the use in Homer Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od. 250 ff.Other forms: Aor. σμῦξαι (ep. since Il., late prose), pass. σμυχθῆναι (Theoc.), quite uncertain ἀποσμυγέντες (Luc. D Mort. 6, 3; s. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 31 ff.), perf. κατεσμυγμένη (Hld.).Derivatives: None.Etymology: Formation like τρύχω, ψύχω; the late ἀποσμυγέντες, if at all here (s. ab.), is an analogical formation (cf. Schwyzer 760). Beside the primary σμύχω stands in Arm. a noun moux, gen. mx-oy `smoke' from IE *( s)mūkho- (Meillet MSL 8, 294 with Bugge). A close counterpart is Celt. with OIr. mūch, Welsh mwg `fire' (IE *mū̆k(h)-; Fick 2, 218). In Germ. there is a primary verb with diphthong and final IE media, e. g. OE smēocan `smoke, fumigate' (IE * smeug-), beside zero grade smoca m. (IE * smug-on-), smocian ' smoke' (Zupitza Germ. Gutt. 166; on the media in the doubtful ἀποσμυγέντες s. ab.). One adduced further from Balt.-Slav. Lith. smáug-iu, -ti `strangle, string together, plague' (prop. *by smoke?), which prob. must be explained diff. (s. Fraenkel s. v. w. lit.), Russ. etc. smúglyj `dark, brown' (prop. *"the colour of smoke"?; other interpretations possible, s. Vasmer s. v.). Uncertain and ambiguous also two Arm. adj.: murk, gen. mrk-oy `singing' (IE *( s)mugro-[?]), moyg `brown, dark' (IE *( s)mougho-[?]); s. H. Petersson KZ 47, 267. -- WP. 2, 688f., Pok. 971; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,752Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμύ̄χω
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