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61 operation
1) действие2) операция3) оперирование4) процесс, ход5) работа, функционирование6) срабатывание7) управление8) эксплуатация•- hereditarily recursive operationoperation under VFR — авиац. визуальное самолётовождение
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62 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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63 музыка
жен. music;
business перен.;
разг. инструментальная музыка ≈ instrumental music оркестровая музыка ≈ band music классическая музыка ≈ classical music народная музыка ≈ folk music заниматься музыкой духовная музыка камерная музыка перекладывать на музыку класть на музыку танцевальная музыка легкая музыка маршевая музыка современная музыка органная музыка популярная музыка серьезная музыкамузык|а - ж.
1. music;
положить что-л. на ~у set smth. to music;
заниматься ~ой learn* music, have* music lessons;
танцевать под ~у dance to music;
любить ~у be* fond of music;
любитель ~и music-lover;
2.: инструментальная ~ instrumental music;
3. разг. band;
военная ~ militaryband;
он испортил всю ~у he upset the apple-cart;
~ для кинофильма кино score;
~ для рекламы кино jingle. -
64 theory
1) теория
2) <phys.> борновский
3) учение
4) толкование
5) трактовка
6) истолкование
– abandon theory
– accept theory
– acid-base theory
– advance theory
– airfoil theory
– atomic theory
– band theory
– Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory
– BCS theory
– circuit theory
– classical theory
– collision theory
– combinatorial theory
– communication theory
– control theory
– deductive theory
– dimensional theory
– dislocation theory
– duality theory
– field theory
– formal theory
– gage theory
– Gersho-Rosencwaig theory
– graph theory
– group theory
– ideal theory
– impact theory
– in theory
– informal theory
– information theory
– measure theory
– object theory
– percolation theory
– pertubation theory
– perturbation theory
– probability theory
– proof theory
– quantum theory
– queueing theory
– queuing theory
– ray theory
– reject theory
– relativity theory
– reliability theory
– residue theory
– rigorous theory
– scheduling theory
– second-order theory
– set theory
– shower theory
– similarity theory
– stability theory
– switching-circuit theory
– theory of correspondence
– theory of elasticity
– theory of estimation
– theory of games
– theory of probability
– theory of queues
– theory of relativity
– theory of sampling
– theory of solids
– theory of valuations
– transport theory
additive ideal theory — <math.> теория идеалов аддитивная
barrier theory of cyclogenesis — <meteor.> теория циклогенеза заслоночная
general theory of relativity — <phys.> теория относительности общая
grand unification theory — <phys.> модель большого объединения, модель великого объединения
unified field theory — <phys.> теория поля единая, теория поля обобщенная
Yukawa meson theory — <phys.> теория мезонная юкавская
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65 устанавливать
(= установить, доказывать, показать) establish, set (up), ascertain, determine, stipulate, install, locate, adjust, estimate, recognize, place, mount, erect, locate• ... может быть установлен (= найден) аналогично. -... can be found similarly.• Более удовлетворительный метод заключается в том, чтобы установить... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...• В своем классическом исследовании Смит [1] установил, что... - In a classical investigation, Smith [1] established that...• В следующей теореме мы устанавливаем дополнительные свойства... - In the next theorem we obtain further properties of...• Важность данного результата состоит в том, что он четко устанавливает... - The importance of this result is that it clearly establishes...• Вторая цель - установить, что... - A second objective is to ensure that...• Затем необходимо установить... - It is then necessary to establish...• Кажется, между... и... можно установить важное различие. - It seems that a worthwhile distinction can be drawn between... and...• Как установлено в настоящее время... - As things stand today,...• Легко установить, что... - It is easy to ascertain that...• Мы начнем с того, что установим свойства... - We begin by establishing the properties of...• Насколько можно установить... - As far as could be determined,...• Но сначала мы установим некоторые фундаментальные свойства (чего-л). - But let us first establish some fundamental properties of...• Перед тем как установить только что упомянутые результаты, необходимо (рассмотреть и т. п.)... - Before establishing the results just mentioned it is necessary to...• Подобным образом мы можем установить условие для... - Similarly, we can establish the condition for...• Прибор просто устанавливать. - The device is simple to install.• Смит установил, что... - Smith has ascertained that...• Тем не менее, мы можем установить число... - Nevertheless, we can identify a number of...• Теперь мы установим... - We proceed now to the establishment of...• Хорошо установлено, что... - It is well established that...• Чтобы установить желаемое соотношение, мы... - То establish the desired relationship, we...• Чтобы установить соотношение (1), давайте... - То establish (1), let...• Чтобы установить соотношение (3), нам лишь необходимо... - То establish (3) we need only...• Чтобы это установить, достаточно... - То establish this it is enough to...• Эти результаты можно использовать, чтобы установить... - These results can be used to establish...• Это позволяет нам установить естественное и полезное соотношение между... - This allows us to establish a natural and useful connection between...• Это требование сразу устанавливает связь между... - This requirement at once establishes a connection between...• Это устанавливает данный результат. - This establishes the result.• Этот результат легко установить. - It is easy to establish this result. -
66 Aufgabe
Aufgabe f 1. COMP task; 2. GEN job, task; 3. PAT abandonment; 4. PERS task, job, duty, responsibility, function (Arbeit, Pflicht); 5. RECHT disclaimer, discontinuance; 6. KOMM function (TKG) • sich etw. zur Aufgabe machen GEN make sth one’s business, make sth one’s job* * *f 1. < Comp> task; 2. < Geschäft> job, task; 3. < Patent> abandonment; 4. < Person> Arbeit, Pflicht task, job, duty, responsibility, function; 5. < Recht> disclaimer, discontinuance; 6. < Komm> TKG function ■ sich etw. zur Aufgabe machen < Geschäft> make sth one's business, make sth one's job* * *Aufgabe
(Angelegenheit) business, concern, (auferlegte Arbeit) task, (Aufgeben) abolition, departure, (Forderung) resignation, (Pflicht) duty, function, office, job, part, responsibility, (Preisgabe) relinquishment, release, waiver, renunciation, abandonment;
• einer Aufgabe nicht gewachsen unequal to a task;
• absatzwirtschaftliche Aufgaben marketing functions;
• nach dem Dienstplan anfallende Aufgaben rostered duties;
• berufliche Aufgabe job assignment;
• doppelte Aufgabe double function;
• ehrenamtliche Aufgaben honorary duties;
• einkommensteuerliche Aufgabe personal income-tax job;
• erste Aufgabe (Kapitalmarkt) first-rate borrower;
• gemeinsame europäische Aufgabe a common European task;
• friedenserhaltende Aufgabe (WEU) peace-keeping mission;
• gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe general social task;
• im Augenblick gestellte Aufgabe task at hand;
• grundsätzliche Aufgaben basic functions;
• humanitäre Aufgabe (WEU) humanitarian task;
• informatorische Aufgaben erfüllen to handle information;
• geistig interessierende Aufgabe work that interests;
• kapitalmarktpolitische Aufgaben objectives of capital market policy;
• kommunalpolitische Aufgabe local government jobs (Br.);
• staatliche Aufgaben governmental duties;
• unternehmerische Aufgabe company task;
• vordringliche Aufgabe priority objective;
• vordringlichste Aufgabe priority task, top priority job;
• wichtigste Aufgabe primary business;
• Zeit raubende Aufgabe time-consuming task;
• Aufgabe eines Amtes vacation of an office;
• Aufgabe von Ansprüchen relinquishment (abandonment) of claims, backdown (fam.);
• Aufgabe einer Anzeige insertion (placing) of an advertisement;
• Aufgaben des Bankgeschäfts banker’s functions;
• Aufgaben und Befugnisse functions and powers;
• Aufgabe einer Bestellung placing of an order;
• Aufgaben der Betriebsleitung managerial functions;
• Aufgabe eines Briefes posting (Br.) (mailing, US) a letter, (Sinn) purport of a letter;
• Aufgabe des Gepäcks booking of luggage (Br.), checking of baggage (US);
• Aufgabe eines Geschäfts giving up business, breaking up of an establishment, closing down, (Ruhestand) retirement (retiring) from business;
• Aufgabe der Geschäftstätigkeit de facto dissolution;
• Aufgabe einer Gutschriftsstornierung credit returns account;
• Aufgabe von Kauf- und Verkaufsorders zu verschiedenen Zeiten (Börse) selling on a scale (US), scaling (US);
• Aufgabe einer [Konkurs]vorzugsstellung surrender of preference (US);
• Aufgaben eines Liquidators liquidator’s duties;
• klassische Aufgaben der Nationalökonomie classical types of economics;
• Aufgabe einer Buslinie discontinuance of a bus line;
• Aufgabe des Preises price quotation;
• Aufgabe unrentabler Produktionsgebiete elimination of unprofitable operations;
• Aufgabe eines Rechtes relinquishment of a right, waiver, remise;
• Aufgabe einer guten Stellung vacation of a good position;
• Aufgabe der Tarifbindungen tariff abandonment;
• j. von einer Aufgabe entbinden to release s. o. from a task, (j. entfernen) to strip s. o. of a job;
• informatorische Aufgaben erfüllen to handle information;
• richterliche Aufgaben erfüllen to exercise judicial functions;
• jem. eine bestimmte Aufgabe geben to set s. o. a job;
• zu jds. Aufgaben gehören to be part of s. one’s functions;
• nicht zu den Aufgaben eines Ausschusses gehören to be outside the reference of a commission;
• sich um die geldpolitische Aufgabe kümmern to handle the monetary side;
• für eine Aufgabe wie geschaffen sein to be cut out for a job;
• zur Aufgabe seines Amtes gezwungen sein to walk the plank;
• Aufgabe übernehmen to take over an assignment;
• jem. eine Aufgabe übertragen to vest s. o. with a function;
• bestimmte Aufgaben wahrnehmen to carry out agency duties;
• dienstliche Aufgaben wahrnehmen to carry out functions;
• für die Erledigung einer Aufgabe eingestellt werden to be recruited for a job;
• jem. eine Aufgabe zuweisen to assign a task to s. o.;
• Aufgabebahnhof dispatch point;
• Aufgabedatum date of posting;
• Aufgabeformular telegram form. -
67 cabal
adj.1 upright, honest.2 exact.a los nueve meses cabales at exactly nine months3 thorough, complete, accomplished, perfect.intj.right.* * *► adjetivo1 (exacto) exact, precise2 (completo) complete\a carta cabal totally, through and throughestar en sus cabales to be in one's right mind* * *1. ADJ1) (=exacto)llegó a las doce cabales — he arrived at exactly twelve o'clock, he arrived at twelve o'clock precisely
2) frm (=completo)esto nos proporciona una idea cabal del asunto — this provides us with a clearer and fuller picture of the matter
3) (=sensato) upright2.pl cabalesSMPL3.EXCL †¡cabal! — perfectly correct!, right!
* * *a) <noción/comprensión>5.000 pesetas cabales — exactly 5,000 pesetas
b) < persona> fine, upright* * *= upright.Ex. He speaks of him as 'a man of great gravity, calmness, sound principles, of no faction, an excellent preacher, of an upright life'.----* en + Posesivo + cabales = in + Posesivo + right mind, right-minded, mentally fit.* en + Posesivo + juicio cabal = of (a) sound mind.* no estar en + Posesivo + cabales = insane.* * *a) <noción/comprensión>5.000 pesetas cabales — exactly 5,000 pesetas
b) < persona> fine, upright* * *= upright.Ex: He speaks of him as 'a man of great gravity, calmness, sound principles, of no faction, an excellent preacher, of an upright life'.
* en + Posesivo + cabales = in + Posesivo + right mind, right-minded, mentally fit.* en + Posesivo + juicio cabal = of (a) sound mind.* no estar en + Posesivo + cabales = insane.* * *1 ‹noción/comprensión›estos hechos nos dan una noción cabal del problema these facts give us a fuller and more exact idea of the problemen el cabal sentido de la palabra in the strict sense of the wordtenemos conciencia cabal de las dificultades we are fully o completely aware of the difficultieshay 12 euros cabales there are exactly 12 euroscuarenta, cabalitos exactly forty (euros)2 ‹persona› fine, upright* * *
cabal adjetivo (sensato) upright, worthy
♦ Locuciones: familiar no estar alguien en sus cabales, not to be in one's right mind
' cabal' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
entera
- entero
English:
bring
* * *♦ adj1. [honrado] upright, honest2. [exacto] exact;[completo] complete;a los nueve meses cabales at exactly nine months♦ cabales nmplno está en sus cabales he's not in his right mind* * *adj:no estar en sus cabales not be in one’s right mind;un hombre cabal a man of integrity* * *cabal adj1) : exact, correct2) : complete3) : upright, honest -
68 concierto
m.1 concert.2 concerto.concierto para viola/piano viola/piano concerto3 agreement (acuerdo).concierto económico (finance) economic agreement o accord4 order (orden).5 musical entertainment.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: concertar.* * *2 (acuerdo) agreement3 (armonía) concert, concord\concierto económico economic accord* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (Mús) (=función) concert; (=obra) concerto2) frm (=acuerdo) agreementlos fabricantes, en concierto con los vendedores, se han negado a la exportación de los vehículos — the manufacturers, together with the retailers, have refused to export the vehicles
3) (Pol) (=orden) orderorden 1., 1), b)* * *1) (Mús)a) ( obra) concertob) ( función) concert, recital2) ( acuerdo) agreement, accord (frml)3) (frml) ( conjunto armónico) concord (frml)* * *= concert, concert performance, concerto, gig, gig, gig.Ex. Public libraries can arrange expeditions at reduced cost to museum exhibits, concerts, etc.Ex. We are preparing to embark on a project that will attempt to digitize recordings of various concert performances.Ex. The production is extremely lively: Wandering musicians rove the tiny stage and aisles, competing with birdsong and baroque concertos over the tannoy.Ex. After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.Ex. After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.Ex. After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.----* concierto a beneficio = benefit concert.* concierto coral = choir concert.* concierto de jazz = jazz concert.* concierto de música = musical concert, music concert.* concierto de orquesta = orchestral concert.* concierto en directo = live concert.* concierto en vivo = live concert.* concierto público = public concert.* sala de conciertos = concert hall.* sin orden ni concierto = higgledy-piggledy, without rhyme or reason.* * *1) (Mús)a) ( obra) concertob) ( función) concert, recital2) ( acuerdo) agreement, accord (frml)3) (frml) ( conjunto armónico) concord (frml)* * *= concert, concert performance, concerto, gig, gig, gig.Ex: Public libraries can arrange expeditions at reduced cost to museum exhibits, concerts, etc.
Ex: We are preparing to embark on a project that will attempt to digitize recordings of various concert performances.Ex: The production is extremely lively: Wandering musicians rove the tiny stage and aisles, competing with birdsong and baroque concertos over the tannoy.Ex: After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.Ex: After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.Ex: After only two days rehearsal we did a stormer of a gig from my point of view which went down a treat to a packed house.* concierto a beneficio = benefit concert.* concierto coral = choir concert.* concierto de jazz = jazz concert.* concierto de música = musical concert, music concert.* concierto de orquesta = orchestral concert.* concierto en directo = live concert.* concierto en vivo = live concert.* concierto público = public concert.* sala de conciertos = concert hall.* sin orden ni concierto = higgledy-piggledy, without rhyme or reason.* * *A ( Mús)1 (obra) concertoconcierto para oboe oboe concerto2 (función) concert, recitaldio un concierto de guitarra he gave a guitar recital* * *
Del verbo concertar: ( conjugate concertar)
concierto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
concertar
concierto
concertar ( conjugate concertar) verbo transitivo ‹cita/entrevista› to arrange, set up;
‹ plan› to arrange;
‹ precio› to agree (on)
concierto sustantivo masculino (Mús)
concertar
I verbo transitivo
1 (acordar una medida, actuación) to reach
(un precio) to agree on
(una cita) to arrange
2 (coordinar) to co-ordinate
II verbo intransitivo (concordar) to agree
concierto sustantivo masculino
1 Mús (composición) concerto
(función) concert
2 (pacto) agreement
' concierto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alteza
- café
- concejalía
- desastre
- deslucir
- durante
- madre
- orden
- organización
- orquesta
- retrasarse
- sola
- solo
- concurrido
- dar
- ensayo
- multitudinario
- retreta
- salida
English:
appal
- appall
- audience
- bill
- cancel
- clear off
- command performance
- concert
- concerto
- introvert
- notwithstanding
- open-air
- outdoor
- promenade concert
- promote
- promoter
- put on
- scramble
- singsong
- ticket
- turn up
- venue
- wait about
- wait around
- aid
- higgledy-piggledy
* * *♦ nm1. [actuación] concert;un concierto de música clásica/de rock a classical music/rock concert2. [composición] concerto;concierto para piano/viola piano/viola concerto3. [acuerdo] agreement;llegarse a un concierto to reach an agreementconcierto económico economic agreement o accord4. [orden] order;poner concierto en algo to bring order to sth;hacer algo sin orden ni concierto to do sth haphazardly* * *m MÚS concert; figagreement;sin orden ni concierto without rhyme or reason* * *concierto nm1) : concert2) : agreement3) : concerto* * *concierto n concert -
69 चि _ci
चि I. 5 U. (चिनोति, चिनुते, चिका-चा-य, चिच्ये-क्ये, अचैषीत्- अचेष्ट, चेतुम्, -चित; caus. चाययति, चापयति, also चययति, चप- यति desid. चिचीषति, -चिकीषति)1 To collect, gather, accumulate (said to govern two accusatives being a द्विकर्मक root, but this use is very rare in classical literature), वृक्षं पुष्पाणि चिन्वती.-2 To gather for oneself, acquire, gain; चिचीषतां चन्मवतामलध्वीं भूतिम् Ki.3.11; 2.19; Mv.3.4.-3 To search, look out for; Bh.3.46.-4 To pile or heap up, place in a line; पर्वतानिव ते भूमा- वचैषुर्वानरोत्तमान् Bk.15.76.-5 To set, inlay, cover or fill with, see चित. pass. To bear fruit, grow, increase, thrive, prosper; सिच्यते चीयते चैव लता पुष्पफलप्रदा Pt.1.222 bears fruit; चीयते बालिशस्यापि सत्क्षेत्रपतिता कृषिः Mu.1.3; गजहंस तव सैव शुभ्रता जीयते न च न चापचीयते K. P.1. -II. 3 P. (चिकेति) Ved.1 To observe, see, perceive.-2 To look steadfastly upon.-3 To be intent upon.-4 To seek for, search, investigate, make inquiries, search through. -III. 1 Ā. (चयते)1 To detest, hate.-2 To revenge, take vengeance on. -IV. 1 U. (चायति-ते)1 To fear, dread, be afraid of (with acc.)-2 To respect, honour.-3 To observe; cf. चाय्. -
70 music
['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) tónlist2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) nótur•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) söngleikur- musician -
71 music
zene, énekóra, kotta* * *['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) zene2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) kotta•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) zenés játék; musical- musician -
72 music
n. müzik, musiki* * *müzik* * *['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) müzik2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) nota•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) müzikal- musician -
73 music
music• nuotti• nuotit• soitto• soitanto• musiikkioppi• musiikki• säveltaide* * *'mju:zik 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) musiikki2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) nuotit•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) musikaali- musician -
74 NÍÐ
n. pl. the waning moon; the time before new moon; Máni stýrir göngu tungls ok ræðr nýjum ok niðum, and rules its waxing and waning.* * *1.n. [Ulf. neiþ = φθόνος; A. S. nîð; O. H. G. nid; Germ. neid; Dan.-Swed. nid]:—contumely, Vsp. 56; segja e-m níð, Akv. 35.2. particularly as a law term, a libel, liable to outlawry:—of a libel in verse, yrkja, kveða níð um e-n, Nj. 70; ef maðr kveðr níð um mann at lögbergi ok varðar skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 184: the classical passages in the Sagas are Hkr. O. T. ch. 36, cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 13 (Fms. xi. 42, 43), Kristni S. ch. 4, Nj. ch. 45, Bjarn. 33 (the verse). Another and even graver kind of níð was the carving a person’s likeness (tré-níð) in an obscene position on an upraised post or pole (níð-stöng), for an instance of which see Bjarn. 33; ef maðr görir níð um annan ok varðar þat fjörbaugs-garð, en þat er níð ef maðr skerr tréníð manni eðr rístr eða reisir manni níðstöng, Grág. i. 147; when the post was set up, a horse’s head was also put up, and a man’s head was carved on the pole’s end, with dire Runes and imprecations; all this is described in a lively manner in Eg. ch. 60 and Vd. ch. 34, Landn. 4. ch. 4, Rd. ch. 25. The beina-kerlinga-vísur of mod. times are no doubt a remnant of the old níðstöng;—certain stone pyramids (varða) along mountain-roads are furnished with sheeps’ legs or horses’ heads, and are called beina-kerling ( bone carline); one of the most noted is on the Kaldadal, as one passes from the north to the south of Iceland, it is even marked in the map; a passing traveller alights and scratches a ditty called beina-kerlinga-vísa (often of a scurrilous or even loose kind) on one of the bones, addressing it to the person who may next pass by; for a specimen see Bjarni 193, as also in poems of Jón Þorláksson, for there hardly was a poet who did not indulge in these poetical licences. In popular legends the devil always scratches his writing on a blighted horse’s bone.2.f, thus (not Nið) in Ann. Reg., a river in Norway, whence Níðar-óss, m. the famous old town in Drontheim in Norway. -
75 अभिधा
abhi-dhā1) - dadhāti, to surrender any one to (dat.;
aor. Subj. 2. du. - dhātam) RV. I, 120, 8 ;
to bring upon (dat.) RV. II, 23, 6:
Ā. (rarely P.) to put on orᅠ round, put on the furniture of a horse (cf. abhí-hīta below) RV. etc.;
to cover (a country) with an army MBh. II, 1090 ;
to cover, protect RV. VIII, 67, 5 (aor. Pot. 2. pl. - dhetana), etc.;
(in classical Sanskṛit generally) to set forth, explain, tell, speak to, address, say, name (cf. abhí-hita below):
Pass. - dhīyate, to be named orᅠ called:
Caus. - dhāpayate, to cause to name ĀṡvGṛ.:
Desid. Ā. - dhítsate, to intend to cover one's self RV. X, 85, 30. ;
2) f. name, appellation;
the literal power orᅠ sense of a word Sāh. ;
a word, sound L. ;
(ā́s) mf. surrounding VS. XXII, 3.
-
76 साधु
sādhusādhúmf (vī́)n. straight, right RV. AV. BhP. ;
leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow orᅠ thunderbolt) RV. ṠBr. ;
straightened, not entangled (as threads) Kauṡ. ;
well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient RV. R. ;
successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn orᅠ prayer) RV. Kām. ;
ready, prepared (as Soma) RV. AitBr. ;
peaceful, secure RV. ;
powerful, excellent, good for (loc.) orᅠ towards (loc. gen., dat. acc., with prati, anu, abhi, pari, orᅠ comp.) ṠBr. etc. etc.;
fit, proper, right VarBṛS. ;
good, virtuous, honourable, righteous ṠBr. Mn. MBh. etc.;
well-born, noble, of honourable orᅠ respectable descent W. ;
correct, pure;
classical (as language) ib. ;
m. a good orᅠ virtuous orᅠ honest man ṠBr. Mn. MBh. etc.;
a holyman, saint, sage, seer Kālid. ;
(with Jainas) a Jina orᅠ deified saint W. ;
a jeweller Hit. ;
a merchant, money-lender, usurer L. ;
(in gram. accord. toᅠ some) a derivative orᅠ inflected noun;
(vī) f. a chaste orᅠ virtuous woman, faithful wife Mn. MBh. etc.;
a saintly woman W. ;
a kind of root (= medā) L. ;
n. the good orᅠ right orᅠ honest, a good etc. thing orᅠ act ( sādhvasti with dat., « it is well with-» ;
sādhu-man with acc., to consider a thing good, approve) RV. etc. etc.;
gentleness, kindness, benevolence ṠBr. MBh. etc.;
(ú) ind. straight, aright, regularly RV. AV. ;
well, rightly, skilfully, properly, agreeably (with vṛit andᅠ loc., « to behave well towards»
<once sā́dhu, in RV. VIII, 32, 10 >;
with kṛi, « to set eight» ;
with ās, « to be well orᅠ at ease») RV. etc. etc.;
good! well done! bravo! ṠBr. MBh. etc.;
well, greatly, in a high degree R. Kām. BhP. ;
well, enough of. away with (instr.)! MBh. Pañcat. ;
well come on! (with Impv. orᅠ 1. pr.) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
assuredly, indeed R. Kām. ;
- साधुकर्मन्
- साधुकार
- साधुकारिन्
- साधुकीर्ति
- साधुकृत्
- साधुकृत
- साधुकृत्य
- साधुगत
- साधुचरण
- साधुचरित्र
- साधुज
- साधुजन
- साधुजात
- साधुतम
- साधुतर
- साधुतस्
- साधुता
- साधुदत्त
- साधुदर्शिन्
- साधुदायिन्
- साधुदेविन्
- साधुदेवी
- साधुद्वितिल्य
- साधुधी
- साधुध्वनि
- साधुनिगुहिन्
- साधुनिग्रह
- साधुपदवी
- साधुपुत्र
- साधुपुष्प
- साधुप्रतिक्रमणसूत्र
- साधुफल
- साधुभाव
- साधुमत्
- साधुमत
- साधुमात्र
- साधुमात्रा
- साधुम्मन्य
- साधुरत्नसूरि
- साधुरन्धिन्
- साधुवत्
- साधुवन्दन
- साधुवाचक
- साधुवाद
- साधुवादिन्
- साधुवाह
- साधुवाहिन्
- साधुविगर्हित
- साधुवृक्ष
- साधुवृत्त
- साधुवृत्ति
- साधुवेष
- साधुशब्द
- साधुशील
- साधुशुक्ल
- साधुष्ठान
- साधुसंसर्ग
- साधुसंस्कृत
- साधुसमक्षरूप
- साधुसमाचार
- साधुसम्मत
- साधुसिद्ध
-
77 musica sf
['muzika]un pezzo o brano di musica — a piece of music
-
78 order
n. volgorde, orde; stand; bevel; bestelling--------v. ordenen; bestellen; bevelen; leidenorder1[ o:də]1 orde 〈 ook biologie, natuurkunde, wiskunde〉 ⇒ stand, rang, (sociale) klasse/laag; 〈 formeel〉 soort, aard2 (klooster/ridder)orde♦voorbeelden:clerical order • geestelijke stand/cleruspoetry of a high order • eersteklas poëzie〈 Brits-Engels〉 in/of/ 〈 Amerikaans-Engels〉 on the order of • in de orde (van grootte) van, ongeveer, om en (na)bij¶ 〈 Brits-Engels〉 an order to view • een bezichtigingsbriefje 〈 van makelaar gekregen, tot bezichtiging van huis〉take (holy) orders • (tot) priester (gewijd) worden〈 Amerikaans-Engels〉 on the order of • zoals, in de stijl van3 bestelling ⇒ order, levering(sopdracht)♦voorbeelden:make/issue an order • een bevel uitvaardigenobey orders • een bevel/bevelen gehoorzamen/opvolgentake one's orders from • zijn bevelen krijgen van/uitby order of • op bevel/in opdracht vanon doctor's orders • op doktersvoorschriftbe under orders to • bevel (gekregen) hebben teunder the orders of • onder bevel/aanvoering vanorder to pay • betalingsmandaatorder to transfer • (giro-)overschrijvingorder for payment • assignatie, betalingsopdrachtissue an order for the payment of • opdracht/order geven tot uitbetaling vancheque to order • cheque aan orderpayable to the order of • betaalbaar aan de order van3 two orders of French fries • twee porties friet/patatplace an order for something • iets bestellenbe on order • in bestelling/besteld zijn→ tall tall/1 (rang/volg)orde ⇒ op(een)volging2 ordelijke schikking/inrichting/toestand ⇒ orde(lijkheid), ordening; geregeldheid, netheid; 〈 leger〉 opstelling; stelsel, (maatschappij)structuur4 orde ⇒ tucht, gehoorzaamheid5 bedoeling ⇒ doel, intentie♦voorbeelden:in order of importance • volgens/in (volg)orde van belangrijkheidout of order • niet in/op volgordethe order of things • de orde der dingenin good order • piekfijn/netjes in ordeleave one's affairs in order • orde op zaken stellenput/set something in order • orde scheppen in ietsout of order • defect, buiten gebruik/werking3 Order! (Order!) • Tot de orde!rise to a point of order • een procedurekwestie stellencall someone to order • iemand tot de orde roepencall (a meeting) to order • een vergadering voor geopend verklaren〈 formeel〉 in order • in orde, in overeenstemming met de regels, geoorloofdbe out of order • buiten de orde/het reglement van orde gaan 〈 van spreker〉; (nog) niet aan de orde zijn 〈 van voorstel, zaak enz.〉keep order • de orde bewaren/handhavenin order to • om, teneinde————————order21 bevelen ⇒ het bevel hebben/voerenII 〈 overgankelijk werkwoord〉1 ordenen ⇒ in orde brengen, (rang)schikken2 (een) bevel/order/opdracht geven ⇒ het bevel geven (tot); verordenen, gelasten; verzoeken om; voorschrijven 〈 van dokter〉♦voorbeelden:order someone a month's rest • iemand een maand rust voorschrijvenhe ordered the troops to open fire • hij gaf de troepen bevel het vuur te openen¶ order someone about/around • iemand (steeds) commanderen/voortdurend de wet voorschrijvenorder home • naar huis/het vaderland (terug)sturenorder someone off • van/uit het veld sturen 〈 van scheidsrechter〉order round • laten komen/halen→ order out order out/ -
79 ♦ music
♦ music /ˈmju:zɪk/n. [uc]musica: to set to music, mettere in musica; musicare (un testo letterario ecc.); popular (o pop) music, musica pop; classical music, musica classica; disco music, disco-music; (fam.) indie music, musica ‘indie’; (cinem., teatr.) incidental music, musica di fondo; atmospheric music, musica suggestiva; to listen to the music, ascoltare la musica; to read music, leggere la musica● ( USA) music box, scatola armonica; carillon □ music card, ‘carta musicale’ ( sostituisce dischi e nastri) □ music cassette, musicassetta □ music centre, impianto stereo □ music hall, music-hall, teatro di varietà; ( USA) sala per concerti, auditorium □ music holder, leggio (per spartiti di musica) □ music paper, carta da musica □ music rest = music holder ► sopra □ music shop, negozio di musica □ music stand = music holder ► sopra □ music stool, sgabello per pianoforte □ music teacher, insegnante di musica □ (med.) music therapy, musicoterapia □ (fig. fam.) to be music to one's ears, essere musica per le proprie orecchie □ (fig. fam.) to face the music, affrontare le critiche (o i rimproveri). -
80 music ***** mu·sic
['mjuːzɪk]1. nto set to music — mettere in musica or musicare
2. adj(teacher, lesson) di musicaSee:
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