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21 borough English
s [jur] prenošenje nasljedstva na najmnađeg sina -
22 borough-English
s [jur] prenošenje nasljedstva na najmlađeg sina -
23 borough-English
n юр. ист. переход наследства к младшему сыну наследователя -
24 borough
1) город, городское поселение или городской район, имеющие самоуправление2) городской район ( в Нью-Йорке)•- county boroughborough English — истор. переход недвижимости к младшему сыну
- metropolitan borough
- municipal borough
- non-county borough
- parliamentary borough
- pocket borough
- rotten borough -
25 borough
міське поселення; невелике місто; місто, що має самоврядування; район міста, що має самоврядування міський район ( у Нью-Йорку)- borough court
- borough English
- borough police -
26 borough
n1) містечко, селище міського типу2) район (великого міста)3) амер. один з п'яти районів Нью-Йорка (тж municipal borough)borough-English — юр. перехід спадщини до молодшого сина
* * *n1) містечко, населений пункт; місто, що вибирає одного або більше представників до парламенту2) aмep. один з п'яти районів Нью-Йорка (тж. municipal borough)3) округ ( штату Аляска в США)4) aмep. місто середньої величини з певними привілеями ( у деяких штатах) -
27 American and British English: pronunciation
Различия американского и британского вариантов английского языка в произношении1) В целом для американского варианта английского языка, в отличие от британского варианта, характерно назализованное произношение гласных (произношение "в нос").2) В американском варианте "немое" r произносится в виде призвука во всех позициях, а не только если за ним следует слово, начинающееся с гласного.3) В американском варианте звук между гласными часто ослабляется и звучит так же, как звук [d]. В некоторых случаях, особенно после носовых согласных [m], [n] и [ŋ], оба этих звука могут вообще выпадатьlatter - ['lædər] (амер.) / ['lætə] (брит.)
twenty - ['twenɪ] (амер.) / ['twentɪ] (брит.)
understand - [ˌʌnər'stæn] / [ˌʌndə'stænd]
4) В отличие от британского варианта, в американском варианте отсутствует краткий звук [ɔ], вместо него обычно используется звук [ʌ] или происходит удлинение гласного в [ɔː]hot - [hʌt] (амер.) / [hɔt] (брит.)
shock - [ʃʌk] (амер.) / [ʃɔk] (брит.)
dog - [dɔːg] (амер.) / [dɔg] (брит.)
long - [lɔːŋ] (амер.) / [lɔŋ] (брит.)
5) В американском варианте в словах home, go, open вместо дифтонга [əu] используется дифтонг [ɔu], в словах borough и thorough на конце произносится [-ɔu] вместо [-ə]home — [hɔum] (амер.) / [həum] (брит.)
thorough — ['θʌrɔu] (амер.) / ['θʌrə] (брит.)
6) В американском варианте некоторые слова, у которых в ударном слоге в британском варианте произносится [juː], произносятся с [uː]. Это имеет место после th, d, t, n и, иногда, после s и lassume - [ə'suːm] (амер.) / [ə'sjuːm] (брит.)
duty - ['duːtɪ] (амер.) / ['djuːtɪ] (брит.)
illuminate - [ɪ'luːmɪneɪt] (амер.) / [ɪ'ljuːmɪneɪt] (брит.)
new - [nuː] (амер.) / [njuː] (брит.)
tune - [tuːn] (амер.) / [tjuːn] (брит.)
7) Как правило, произношение в американском варианте более последовательно соответствует общим правилам чтения. Так, слова, согласно британскому произношению содержащие звук [ɑː] в виде исключения, в американском варианте имеют вместо него [æ] (в закрытом слоге), [ɜː] (перед r) или [eɪ] (в открытом слоге)dance - [dæns] (амер.) / [dɑːns] (брит.)
path - [pæθ] (амер.) / [pɑːθ] (брит.)
clerk - [klɜːrk] (амер.) / [klɑːk] (брит.)
derby - ['dɜːrbɪ] (амер.) / ['dɑːbɪ] (брит.)
sharade - [ʃə'reɪd] (амер.) / [ʃə'rɑːd] (брит.)
tomato - [tə'meɪtəu] (амер.) / [tə'mɑːtəu] (брит.)
vase - [veɪz] (амер.) / [vɑːz] (брит.)
8) Безударные сочетания -ary, -ery на конце слов в американском варианте произносятся как [-erɪ], сочетание -ory как [ɔːrɪ]. В британском варианте первый безударный гласный в таких сочетаниях редуцируется до [ə] и, как правило, выпадает.laboratory - ['læbrəˌtɔːrɪ] (амер.) / [lə'bɔrətrɪ] (брит.)
lavatory - ['lævəˌtɔːrɪ] (амер.) / ['lævətrɪ] (брит.)
monastery - ['mɔnəsˌterɪ] (амер.) / ['mɔnəstrɪ] (брит.)
secretary - ['sekrəˌterɪ] (амер.) / ['sekrətrɪ] (брит.)
9) В словах французского происхождения, оканчивающихся на -et, особенно если t на конце не читается, американский вариант, как правило, сохраняет ударение на последнем слоге, а в британском варианте оно перемещается ближе к началу словаballet - [bæ'leɪ] (амер.) / ['bæleɪ] (брит.)
fillet - [fɪ'leɪ] (амер.) / ['fɪlɪt] (брит.)
10) В некоторых словах буквы i и y в открытом слоге в американском варианте произносятся как [aɪ], согласно общему правилу, а в британском варианте сохраняется чтение этих букв в виде [ɪ], как в закрытом слоге. К таким словам относятся:direct - [daɪ'rekt] (амер.) / [dɪ'rekt] (брит.)
dynasty - ['daɪnəstɪ] (амер.) / ['dɪnəstɪ] (брит.)
privacy - ['praɪvəsɪ] (амер.) / ['prɪvəsɪ] (брит.)
semi - ['semaɪ] (амер.) / ['semɪ] (брит.)
strychnine - ['strɪknaɪn] (амер.) / ['strɪknɪn] (брит.)
vitamin - ['vaɪtəmɪn] (амер.) / ['vɪtəmɪn] (брит.)
11) К другим словам, которые в американском варианте произносятся по общим правилам, а в британском варианте имеют нестандартное чтение, относятсяeither - ['iːðər] (амер.) / ['aɪðə] (брит.)
neither - ['niːðər] (амер.) / ['naɪðə] (брит.)
leisure - ['liːʒər] (амер.) / ['leʒə] (брит.)
lieutenant - [lu'tenənt] (амер.) / [lef'tenənt] (брит.)
apricot - ['æprɪkʌt] (амер.) / ['eɪprɪkɔt] (брит.)
quark - [kwɔːrk] (амер.) / [kwɑːk] (брит.)
schedule - ['skedjuːl] (амер.) / ['ʃedjuːl] (брит.)
12) Некоторые слова различаются в американском и британском вариантах местом ударения (с соответствующим изменением всего произношения). В частности, к таким словам относятся:doctrinal - ['dʌktrɪnl] (амер.) / [dɔk'traɪnl] (брит.)
laboratory - ['læbrətərɪ] (амер.) / [lə'bɔrətrɪ] (брит.)
recess - ['riːses] (амер.) / [rɪ'ses] (брит.)
13) Некоторые слова, имеющие на конце безударное сочетание - ile, произносятся с конечным [-aɪl] в британском варианте и с конечным [-l] в американском варианте:fertile - [fɜːrtl] (амер.) / ['fɜːtaɪl] (брит.)
missile - [mɪsl] (амер.) / ['mɪsaɪl] (брит.)
reptile - [reptl] (амер.) / ['reptaɪl] (брит.)
14) Различается также произношение следующих слов:beta - ['beɪtə] (амер.) / ['biːtə] (брит.)
theta - ['θeɪtə] (амер.) / ['θiːtə] (брит.)
cordial - ['kɔːrʤəl] (амер.) / ['kɔːdjəl] (брит.)
herb - [ɜːrb] (амер.) / [hɜːb] (брит.)
lever - ['levər] (амер.) / ['liːvə] (брит.)
English-Russian grammar dictionary > American and British English: pronunciation
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28 pocket-borough
[pɔkitbʌrə]nounBritish English history majhno volilno področje -
29 boroughenglish
borough-English
1> _юр. _ист. переход наследства к младшему сыну наследователя
(в некоторых городах и местечках) -
30 Elkington, George Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 October 1801 Birmingham Englandd. 22 September 1865 Pool Park, Denbighshire, England[br]English pioneer in electroplating.[br]He was apprenticed to his uncles, makers of metalware, in 1815 and showed such aptitude for business that he was taken into partnership. On their deaths, Elkington assumed sole ownership of the business. In conjunction with his cousin Henry (1810–52), by unrelenting enterprise, he established an industry for electroplating and electrogilding. Up until c.1840, silver-plated goods were produced by rolling or soldering thin sheets of silver to a base metal, such as copper. Back in 1801, the English chemist William Wollaston had deposited one metal upon another by means of an electric current generated from a voltaic pile or battery. In the 1830s, certain inventors, such as Bessemer used this result to produce plated articles and these efforts in turn induced the Elkingtons to apply the method in their trade. In 1836 and 1837 they took out patents for "mercurial gilding", and one patent of 1838 refers to a separate electric current. In 1840 they bought from John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, his discovery of what proved to be the best electroplating solution: namely, solutions of cyanides of gold and silver in potassium cyanide. They also purchased rights to use the electric machine invented by J.S. Woolrich. Armed with these techniques, the Elkingtons produced in their large new works in Newhall Street a wide range of gold-and silver-plated decorative and artistic ware. Henry was particularly active on the artistic side of the business, as was their employee Alexander Parkes. For some twenty-five years, Britain enjoyed a virtual monopoly of this kind of ware, due largely to the enterprise of the Elkingtons, although by the end of the century rising tariffs had closed many foreign markets and the lead had passed to Germany. George spent all his working life in Birmingham, taking some part in the public life of the city. He was a governor of King Edward's Grammar School and a borough magistrate. He was also a caring employer, setting up houses and schools for his workers.[br]Bibliography1864, Journal of the Royal Society for Arts (29 January).LRDBiographical history of technology > Elkington, George Richard
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31 mayor
meə, ]( American) 'meiər((especially in England, Ireland and the United States) the chief public official of a city, town or borough.) alcalde- mayoress- lord mayor
mayor n alcalde / alcaldesa
mayor adjetivo 1a) ( comparativo de‹ beneficio› greater; a mayor escala on a larger scale; un número mayor que 40 a number greater than 40b) ( superlativo de◊ grande): el mayor número de accidentes the greatest o highest number of accidents;su mayor preocupación her greatest o biggest worry; a la mayor brevedad posible as soon as possible; la mayor parte de los estudiantes most students, the majority of students 2 ( en edad) mayor que algn older than sbb) ( superlativo):◊ es la mayor de las dos she is the older o elder of the two;mi hijo mayor my eldest o oldest sond) ( adulto):cuando sea mayor when I grow up; ser mayor de edad (Der) to be of age; soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please 3 ( en nombres) ( principal) main; 4 (Mús) major 5 (Com): ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq); mis/tus mayores my/your elders; mayor de edad person who is legally of age
mayor
I adjetivo
1 (comparativo de tamaño) larger, bigger: necesitas una talla mayor, you need a larger size (superlativo) largest, biggest: ésa es la mayor, that is the biggest one
2 (comparativo de grado) greater: su capacidad es mayor que la mía, his capacity is greater than mine
la ciudad no tiene mayor atractivo, the town isn't particularly appealing (superlativo) greatest: ésa es la mayor tontería que he oído nunca, that is the most absurd thing I've ever heard
3 (comparativo de edad) older: es mayor que tu madre, she is older than your mother (superlativo) oldest
el mayor de los tres, the oldest one 4 está muy mayor, (crecido, maduro) he's quite grown-up (anciano) he looks old
ser mayor de edad, to be of age (maduro) old: es un hombre mayor, he's an old man
eres mayor para entenderlo, you are old enough to understand it
5 (principal) major, main: tu mayor responsabilidad es su educación, the thing that's most important to you is her education; la calle mayor, the main street
6 Mús major
7 Com al por mayor, wholesale
II sustantivo masculino
1 Mil major 2 mayores, (adultos) grownups, adults (ancianos) elders Locuciones: al por mayor, wholesale
ir/pasar a mayores, to become serious: discutió con su marido, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores, she had an argument with her husband but they soon forgot about it ' mayor' also found in these entries: Spanish: abundar - adicta - adicto - afán - alcalde - alcaldía - almacén - amable - brevedad - burgomaestre - calle - caza - colegio - confluencia - desarrollar - edad - engrandecer - escaparate - estado - Excemo. - Excmo. - fuerza - gruesa - grueso - hacer - hacerse - inri - obra - osa - palo - persona - plana - polemizar - predilección - re - safari - salir - sol - teniente - vender - venta - abuelo - ama - anhelo - atractivo - audiencia - cazar - ciudad - compás - de English: act - address - adult - big - bomb - bulk - capacity - cash-and-carry - claw back - densely - dipper - dormitory - elaborate - elder - eldest - few - frisky - grow up - growing - high street - hill - inquest - lion - little - main - major - mayor - mostly - much - nominee - often - old - outflow - outweigh - over - part - perpendicular - residence - senior - sergeant major - spur - staff - trade price - utmost - wholesale - wholesale trade - wholesaler - worship - abject - cashtr[meəSMALLr/SMALL]\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLlady mayor alcaldesamayor ['meɪər, 'mɛr] n: alcalde m, -desa fn.• alcalde (Gobierno) s.m.'meɪər, meə(r)noun alcalde, -desa m,f, intendente mf (municipal) (RPl)[mɛǝ(r)]N alcalde m, alcaldesa f, intendente mf (S. Cone, Mex), regente mf (Mex)* * *['meɪər, meə(r)]noun alcalde, -desa m,f, intendente mf (municipal) (RPl) -
32 municipal
mju'nisipəl(of, or controlled or owned by, the government of a city or town: the municipal buildings.) municipal
municipal adjetivo ‹ impuesto› local; ‹elecciones/piscina/mercado› municipal
municipal
I adjetivo municipal
II m (policía) policeman ' municipal' also found in these entries: Spanish: archivo - comerciante - donar - exhibir - policía - término - asistencia - comunal - guardia - intendencia - presidencia English: borough - by-law - civic - municipal - rate - by - council - impound - local - mayortr[mjʊː'nɪsɪpəl]1 municipalmunicipal [mjʊ'nɪsəpəl] adj: municipaladj.• municipal adj.mjʊ'nɪsəpəladjective (usu before n) municipal[mjuː'nɪsɪpǝl]1.ADJ municipal2.CPDmunicipal court N — (US) juzgado m municipal
* * *[mjʊ'nɪsəpəl]adjective (usu before n) municipal -
33 distrito
distrito sustantivo masculino district
distrito sustantivo masculino district
distrito postal, postal district, Distrito Federal (D.F.), Federal District, Mexico City ' distrito' also found in these entries: Spanish: DF - cercado - circunscripción - defeño - departamento - Distrito Federal - postal - vereda English: borough - constituency - district - district attorney - district council - neighborhood - neighbourhood - precinct - seat - ward - catchment area - marshal - parish - police - township - uptown - zone -
34 municipio
municipio sustantivo masculino ( territorio) municipality; ( entidad) town council; ( edificio) town hall
municipio sustantivo masculino
1 (territorio) municipality
2 (ayuntamiento, concejo) town o city council ' municipio' also found in these entries: Spanish: comuna - comunal - municipalidad - vecino English: borough - municipality - city - common - council - solicitor - town - township -
35 Wright, Arthur
[br]b. 1858 London, Englandd. 26 July 1931 Paignton, Devon, England[br]English engineer and electricity supply industry pioneer.[br]Arthur Wright, educated at Maryborough College, attended a course of training at the School of Submarine Telegraphy, Telephony and Electric Light in London. In 1882 he joined the Hammond Company in Brighton, the first company to afford a regular electricity supply in Britain on a commercial basis for street and private lighting. He invented a recording ammeter and also a thermal-demand indicator used in conjunction with a tariff based on maximum demand in addition to energy consumption. This indicator was to remain in use for almost half a century.Resigning his position in Brighton in 1889, he joined the staff of S.Z.de Ferranti and served with him during developments at the Grosvenor Gallery and Deptford stations in London. In 1891 he returned to Brighton as its first Borough Electrical Engineer. From 1900 onwards he had an extensive consulting practice designing early power stations, and was approached by many municipalities and companies in Britain, the United States, South America and Australia, primarily on finance and tariffs. Associated with the founding of the Municipal Electrical Association in 1905, the following year he became its first President.[br]Bibliography1901, British patent no. 23,153 (thermal maximum demand indicator).1922, "Early days of the Brighton electricity supply", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 60:497–9.Further ReadingObituary, 1931, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 69:1,327–8.R.H.Parsons, 1939, Early Days of the Power Station Industry, Cambridge, pp. 13–17 (describes Wright's pioneering inventions).GW
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См. также в других словарях:
Borough-English — Bor ough Eng lish, n. (Eng. Law) A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother. Blackstone. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
borough English — n. a former custom in some parts of England by which the youngest son succeeded to land holdings * * * … Universalium
borough English — n. a former custom in some parts of England by which the youngest son succeeded to land holdings … English World dictionary
borough-English — /berr oh ing glish/ or, often, / lish, bur /, n. (formerly, in some parts of England) a custom by which the youngest son inherited the entire estate upon the death of his father. [1300 50; ME] * * * ▪ English inheritance system the English… … Universalium
Borough English — obsolete a form of disinheriting the eldest son The subject came up in a discussion on 16 October 1773, concerning Marcheta Mulierum, a custom whereby the Lord of the Manor was entitled to jus primae noctis: Dr Johnson said, the belief… … How not to say what you mean: A dictionary of euphemisms
borough-english — | ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˈ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ noun Usage: usually capitalized E Etymology: earlier burghenglish, part translation of Anglo French burgh engloys, from burgh borough (from Middle English) + engloys English : a former custom in some cities and boroughs in… … Useful english dictionary
Borough-English — The term given to ultimogeniture, i.e. inheritance by the youngest son or daughter, which was customary among unfree AS peasants; it continued in English boroughs after the Conquest. The term arose after a case in the early 14c at Nottingham… … Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases
borough English — noun a former English custom by which the youngest son inherited land to the exclusion of his older brothers • Hypernyms: ↑inheritance, ↑heritage … Useful english dictionary
borough English — noun Date: 14th century a custom formerly existing in parts of England by which the lands of an intestate descended to the youngest son … New Collegiate Dictionary
BOROUGH ENGLISH — descent of lands to a youngest son … The Nuttall Encyclopaedia
Borough-english — Term which designates the custom of ultimogeniture (All lands inherited by the youngest son) … Medieval glossary