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81 olo
yks.nom. olo; yks.gen. olon; yks.part. oloa; yks.ill. oloon; mon.gen. olojen; mon.part. oloja; mon.ill. oloihinbeing (noun)existence (noun)feeling (noun)stay (noun)* * *• feeling• living• being• life• stay• conditions• circumstances• existence• condition -
82 breast
1. n грудьbreast beam — упор для груди; буферный брус
breast fed infant — ребенок, вскармливаемый грудью
2. n источник питания3. n молочная, грудная железа4. n верхняя передняя часть одежды, грудь5. n ист. кираса, часть лат, прикрывающая грудь6. n совесть, душа7. n стр. часть стены от подоконника до пола8. n стр. нижняя часть балки9. n стр. горн. грудь забоя10. v стать грудью против; бороться; противиться, восставать11. v взбираться12. v преодолевать13. v идти рядом, бок о бокСинонимический ряд:1. being (noun) being; character; conscience; feelings; mind; psyche2. chest (noun) chest; pectoral area; thorax; torso3. heart (noun) bosom; heart; soul4. woman's breast (noun) bust; mammary glands; nipples; woman's breast -
83 realization
1. n осуществление, выполнение, реализация; претворение в жизньvalue realization — реализация стоимости; получение отдачи
2. n осознание, понимание3. n ком. реализация, превращение в деньги, продажа4. n ком. получение, достижение5. n ком. кино постановка, съёмка, производствоСинонимический ряд:1. accomplishment (noun) accomplishment; achievement; actualization; attainment; consummation; culmination; fruition; fulfillment; fulfilment; getting there; reaching the goal; realisation2. being (noun) actualisation; being; effect3. cognizance (noun) awareness; cognisance; cognition; cognizance; comprehension; consciousness; perception; recognition; sudden insight; understanding4. reading (noun) execution; interpretation; performance; reading; rendition -
84 euphoria
1. n мед. эйфория2. n повышенно-радостное настроениеСинонимический ряд:1. elation (noun) elation; exaltation; exhilaration; intoxication2. feeling of well-being (noun) ebullience; feeling of well-being; giddiness; happiness; relaxation; well-being -
85 giddiness
1. n головокружение2. n легкомыслие, ветреность; взбалмошность; непостоянствоСинонимический ряд:1. dizziness (noun) dizziness; flightiness; frivolousness; light-headedness; lightness; silliness; skittishness; vertigo; wooziness; yeastiness2. feeling of well-being (noun) ebullience; elation; euphoria; feeling of well-being; happiness; relaxation; well-being -
86 olemassaolo
yks.nom. olemassaolo; yks.gen. olemassaolon; yks.part. olemassaoloa; yks.ill. olemassaoloon; mon.gen. olemassaolojen; mon.part. olemassaoloja; mon.ill. olemassaoloihinbeing (noun)existence (noun)occurrence (noun)* * *• being• continued existence• corporality• existence• occurrence -
87 olio
yks.nom. olio; yks.gen. olion; yks.part. oliota; yks.ill. olioon; mon.gen. olioiden olioitten; mon.part. olioita; mon.ill. olioihinbeing (noun)creature (noun)thing (noun)* * *• being• creature• item• object• organism• thing -
88 welfare
1. n благосостояние, благоденствие; благополучие, достаток2. n работа по улучшению быта; благотворительность; вспомоществование, материальная помощь3. n социальное обеспечение4. n пособиеto be on welfare — получать пособие, жить на пособие
welfare recipient — лицо, получающее пособие
person on welfare — лицо, получающее социальное пособие
Синонимический ряд:1. assistance (noun) assistance; charity; support2. relief (noun) dole; handout; relief3. well-being (noun) advantage; benefit; gain; good; happiness; interest; profit; prosperity; success; weal; well-being -
89 fellow
fellow [ˈfeləʊ]1. nounb. ( = comrade) camarade mc. [of society] membre md. (in universities) (US) boursier m, - ière f ; (British) ≈ chargé(e) m(f) de cours (souvent membre du conseil d'administration)2. compounds► fellow countryman (plural fellow countrymen), fellow countrywoman (plural fellow countrywomen) noun compatriote mf* * *['feləʊ] 1.1) (colloq) ( man) type (colloq) m, homme mwhat do you fellows think? — qu'est-ce que vous en pensez, vous autres?
2) (of society, association) ( also in titles) membre m (of de)3) GB University ( lecturer) membre du corps enseignant d'un collège universitaire; ( governor) membre du comité de direction d'un collège universitaire4) US ( researcher) universitaire mf titulaire d'une bourse de recherche2.noun modifierher fellow lawyers/teachers — ses collègues avocats/professeurs
he and his fellow students/sufferers — lui et les autres étudiants/malades
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90 actualization
1. n реализация, осуществление; проведение в жизнь2. n лингв. актуализацияСинонимический ряд:1. being (noun) actualisation; being; effect; realisation2. end (noun) close; completion; consummation; culmination; end; final touch; fulfillment; perfection; termination -
91 well
well [wel]1. noun(for water, oil) puits m3. adverba. ( = satisfactorily, skilfully) [behave, sleep, eat, treat, remember] bien• well done! bravo !• well played! bien joué !• you're well out of it! c'est une chance que tu n'aies plus rien à voir avec cela !b. (intensifying = very much, thoroughly) bien• well over 1,000 people bien plus de 1 000 personnesc. ( = with good reason, with equal reason) one might well ask why on pourrait à juste titre demander pourquoi• you might (just) as well say that... autant dire que...• and it rained as well! et par-dessus le marché il a plu !e. ( = positively) to think/speak well of penser/dire du bien de4. exclamation• he has won the election! -- well, well, well! il a été élu ! -- tiens, tiens !• well, what do you think of it? alors qu'en dites-vous ?• well, here we are at last! eh bien ! nous voilà enfin !• you know Paul? well, he's getting married vous connaissez Paul ? eh bien il se marie• are you coming? -- well... I've got a lot to do here vous venez ? -- c'est que... j'ai beaucoup à faire ici5. adjective(comparative, superlative best)a. bien, bon• that's all very well but... tout ça c'est bien joli mais... (PROV) all's well that ends well(PROV) tout est bien qui finit bienb. ( = healthy) how are you? -- very well, thank you comment allez-vous ? -- très bien, merci• get well soon! remets-toi vite !c. (cautious) it is as well to remember that... il ne faut pas oublier que...6. prefix• well-chosen/dressed bien choisi/habillé7. compounds• you would be well-advised to leave vous auriez (tout) intérêt à partir ► well-appointed adjective [house, room] bien aménagé► well-kept adjective [house, garden, hair] bien entretenu ; [hands, nails] soigné ; [secret] bien gardé► well-meaning adjective [person] bien intentionné ; [remark, action] fait avec les meilleures intentions• you don't know when you're well-off ( = fortunate) tu ne connais pas ton bonheur ► well-paid adjective bien payé• he got many letters from well-wishers il a reçu de nombreuses lettres d'encouragement ► well-woman clinic noun (British) centre prophylactique et thérapeutique pour femmes* * *I 1. [wel]1) ( in good health)are you well? — vous allez bien?, tu vas bien?
‘how is he?’ - ‘as well as can be expected’ — ‘comment va-t-il?’ - ‘pas trop mal étant donné les circonstances’
2) ( in satisfactory state) bienthat's all very well, but — tout ça c'est bien beau, mais
it's all very well for you to laugh, but — tu peux rire, mais
3) ( prudent)4) ( fortunate)it was just as well for him that the shops were still open — il a eu de la chance que les magasins aient été encore ouverts
2.the flight was delayed, which was just as well — le vol a été retardé, ce qui n'était pas plus mal
1) ( satisfactorily) bienI did well in the general knowledge questions — je me suis bien débrouillé pour les questions de culture générale
to do well at school — être bon/bonne élève
to do well by somebody — se montrer généreux/-euse avec quelqu'un
some businessmen did quite well out of the war — certains hommes d'affaires se sont enrichis pendant la guerre
she didn't come out of it very well — ( of situation) elle ne s'en est pas très bien sortie; (of article, programme etc) ce n'était pas très flatteur pour elle
2) ( used with modal verbs)I can well believe it — je veux bien le croire, je n'ai pas de mal à le croire
‘shall I shut the door?’ - ‘you might as well’ — ‘est-ce que je ferme la porte?’ - ‘pourquoi pas’
she looked shocked, as well she might — elle a eu l'air choquée, ce qui n'avait rien d'étonnant
3) ( intensifier) bien, largementthe weather remained fine well into September — le temps est resté au beau fixe pendant une bonne partie du mois de septembre
she was active well into her eighties — elle était toujours active même au-delà de ses quatre-vingts ans
4) ( approvingly)5)3.exclamation ( expressing astonishment) eh bien!; (expressing indignation, disgust) ça alors!; ( expressing disappointment) tant pis!; (after pause in conversation, account) bon; ( qualifying statement) enfinwell, you may be right — après tout, tu as peut-être raison
well, that's too bad — c'est vraiment dommage
well then, what's the problem? — alors, quel est le problème?
oh well, there's nothing I can do about it — ma foi, je n'y peux rien
4.well, well, well, so you're off to America? — alors comme ça, tu pars aux États-Unis!
as well adverbial phrase aussi5.as well as prepositional phrase aussi bien quethey have a house in the country as well as an apartment in Paris — ils ont à la fois une maison à la campagne et un appartement à Paris
••to be well in with somebody — (colloq) être bien avec quelqu'un (colloq)
to leave well alone GB ou well enough alone US — ne pas s'en mêler
II 1. [wel] 2.you're well out of it! — (colloq) heureusement que tu n'as plus rien à voir avec ça!
Phrasal Verbs:- well up -
92 menneske n
human being -
93 reputation
noun1) Ruf, derhave a reputation for doing/being something — in dem Ruf stehen, etwas zu tun/sein
2) (good name) Name, der3) (bad name) schlechter Ruf* * *[repju'teiʃən](the opinion which people in general have about a person etc, a persons's abilities etc: That firm has a good/bad reputation; He has made a reputation for himself as an expert in computers; He has the reputation of being difficult to please; The scandal damaged his reputation.) der Ruf- academic.ru/61680/reputable">reputable- reputed
- live up to one's reputation* * *repu·ta·tion[ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən]n no plto have a bad/good \reputation einen schlechten/guten Ruf habento have a \reputation as sth einen Ruf als etw habenhe has a \reputation as an acknowledged expert er steht im Ruf, ein anerkannter Experte zu seinto establish [or gain] [or acquire] a \reputation as sth sich dat einen Ruf als etw erwerbento live up to one's \reputation seinem Ruf gerecht werdento destroy/ruin sb's \reputation jds Ansehen [o guten Ruf] zerstören/ruinierenshe has the \reputation of being a good doctor sie gilt als gute Ärztinto know sb/sth by \reputation jdn/etw vom Hörensagen kennen* * *["repjU'teISən]nRuf m, Name m; (= bad reputation) schlechter Rufhe has a reputation for being... — er hat den Ruf,... zu sein
you don't want to get ( yourself) a reputation, you know — du willst dich doch sicherlich nicht in Verruf bringen
she was by reputation a good organizer — sie stand in dem Ruf, Organisationstalent zu haben
to make a reputation for oneself — sich (dat) einen Namen machen
* * *reputation [ˌrepjʊˈteıʃn] s1. (guter) Ruf:a man of reputation ein Mann von Ruf;have a reputation to lose einen Ruf zu verlieren haben;2. Ruf m:have a reputation as gelten als;have a reputation for arrogance als arrogant gelten;that got us a bad reputation das hat uns in Verruf gebracht* * *noun1) Ruf, derhave a reputation for doing/being something — in dem Ruf stehen, etwas zu tun/sein
2) (good name) Name, der3) (bad name) schlechter Ruf* * *n.Ansehen - n.Leumund m.Ruf -e m. -
94 son
(a male child (when spoken of in relation to his parents): He is the son of the manager.) hijo- son of a bitch
son n hijo
Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser) \ \
son es: \ \3ª persona plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) presente indicativoMultiple Entries: ser son
ser ( conjugate ser) cópula 1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf; es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic; era cierto it was true; sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still; que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc) ver tb imposible, difícil etc 2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be; es viuda she's a widow; ver tb estar 1 cópula 2 3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be; ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me 4 (con predicado introducido por `de'): soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba; es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'; no soy de aquí I'm not from around here 5 (hipótesis, futuro): ¿será cierto? can it be true? verbo intransitivo 1b) (liter) ( en cuentos):◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …2a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?b) ( en preguntas):◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us? 3 ( sumar):◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos; somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether 4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) son para algo to be for sth; ( en locs) ¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!; es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes; o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …; sea como sea at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea donde sea no matter where; sea quien sea whoever it is; si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for … ( en el tiempo) to be;◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb v impers son v impers to be; son v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be; fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900 ■ sustantivo masculino 1◊ son humano/vivo human/living beingb) (individuo, persona):2 ( naturaleza):
son sustantivo masculino 1◊ al son del violín to the strains o to the sound of the violinb)◊ en son de: lo dijo en son de burla she said it mockingly;venimos en son de paz we come in peace 2 ( canción latinoamericana) song with a lively, danceable beat
ser
I sustantivo masculino
1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
ser humano, human being
ser vivo, living being
2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
ya es la una, it's one o'clock
3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
como sea, anyhow
de no ser por..., had it not been for
es más, furthermore
es que..., it's just that...
lo que sea, whatever
o sea, that is (to say)
sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit
son sustantivo masculino
1 (sonido) sound
2 LAm (ritmo cubano) son Locuciones: bailar al son que le tocan, to toe the line o to do everything one is told to do
hacer algo sin ton ni son, to do sthg any old how
venir en son de paz, to come in peace ' son' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandonar - abdicar - abuelo - adicta - adicto - alma - amenaza - ansiedad - asesinar - astilla - bailar - bicho - carnal - coherente - comestible - como quiera - comoquiera - concluyente - condición - conocida - conocido - conquista - consistente - consuegra - consuegro - contaminante - cosa - Cristo - criticón - criticona - debilidad - directoria I - directorio - díscola - díscolo - discorde - divertida - divertido - doméstica - doméstico - dos - dudosa - dudoso - enamorada - enamorado - entendida - entendido - ser - escollo - escorzo English: action - after - alike - also - amount to - amusement - and - antihistamine - Arabian - archery - arrangement - attention span - baby-sit - be - border - breeding ground - butt in - by - call - carefree - certain - chance - check up on - colour - come up to - common - compare - conflicting - construe - cornerstone - crepe - criticize - danger - daylight - diametrically - differ - discouraging - disown - distracted - doubtful - dune - dutiful - easy - enemy - exact - exploit - father - flamingo - footnote - fortr[sʌn]1 hijo■ eldest son / youngest son hijo mayor / hijo menor\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLthe son and heir el herederoson of a bitch taboo hijo de putason ['sʌn] n: hijo mn.• hijo s.m.sʌna) ( male child) hijo mher youngest/eldest son — su hijo menor/mayor
God, the Son — Dios Hijo
[sʌn]N hijo mthe youngest/eldest son — el hijo menor/mayor
come here, son * — ven, hijo
son of a bitch *** — hijo m de puta ***, hijo m de la chingada (Mex) ***
* * *[sʌn]a) ( male child) hijo mher youngest/eldest son — su hijo menor/mayor
God, the Son — Dios Hijo
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95 VERA
* * *I)(er; var, várum or vórum; verit), v.1) to be, exist; þeir menn vóru, er, there were men who;2) to be, happen; þat var, at hón fór brott, so it was that she went away; en er váraði, var þar búskortr, there was scarcity in the household; hvat er henni, what is the matter with her! þat var einn dag, at, it happened one day that; kann (má) v., at, it is possible, it may be that;3) to last; meðan þingit væri, while the Thing lasted;4) láta e-n v., to leave one alone (lát mik v. ok ger mér ekki illt); bað hann láta v., begged him to leave it undone, not to do it;5) to dwell, stay; hann bað hana vera í búð sinni, he asked her to stay in his booth; hann var á Höskuldsstöðum um nótt, he passed a night at H.;6) with infin., hlymr var at heyra, a clattering was to be heard; þar var at sjá, there was to be seen; v. at gera e-t, to be doing a thing; kvað hann v. at telja silfr, said he was counting the money; denoting necessity, a thing about to happen, or to be done; nú er þeim út at ganga öllum, er leyft er, now all those must go out to whom leave is given; er nú eigi Kára at varast, now there is no need to beware of K.; nú er þar til máls at taka, at, now it is to be told that; nú er at segja frá Skamkatli, now we must tell of S.;7) with a predicate (noun, a., or adv.); v. konungr, Jarl, biskup, to be king, earl, bishop; v. glaðr, sæll, hryggr, ungr, gamall, to be glad, happy, sad, young, old; v. vel, illa til e-s, to be well, ill-disposed towards one; þat er illa, it is sad; vera spakliga í heraði, to behave gently; orð kvað þá Vingi þats án veri, words which he had better not have said;8) impers., e-m er varmt, heitt, kalt, one is warm, cold;9) with past participles in passive sense; v. kallaðr, sagðr, tekinn, to be called, said, taken;10) with preps., v. af e-u, to be off, out of (v. af klæðum); v. at e-u, to be busy at; verkmenn váru at arningu, they were ploughing; to be present (þar varstu at); ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers; v. eptir, to be left, remain (A. kvazt vilja v. eptir ok hvílast); v. fyrir, to lead ( see fyrir); v. til, to exist; v. um, undir, see um, undir.f.1) stay, sojourn; ef hann á sér í vá veru, if he has a corner to stay in;2) comfort (slíkt er válaðs v.).* * *older form vesa, the verb substantive; pres. em, ert, er, pl. erum, eruð, eru: pret. var, vart (mod. varst), var, pl. váru or vóru; a obsolete óru occurs, Sæm. (once), Orkn. 426. l. 11, Nj. 81, Thom. 28, 90, 102, 116, 150, 196, Ísl. ii. 482: pres. subj. sé, sér (Vþm. 4, 7), sé; the older form is sjá, en ek sjá, Clem. 138. l. 14; at ek sjá, … ok sé mér eigi reiðr, 145, Fms. viii. 299, x. 384, xi. 124, Eg. 127; for the forms sják, sjákk, see below: the mod. forms are sé, sért, sér (eg sé, þú sért; s ert and ert make a rhyme in Pass. 34. 5): imperat. ver, vertú; see Gramm. p. xxiii: there also occurs a subj. pres. verir, veri, Sdm. 22, Ls. 54; þatz án veri, Am. 36; skósmiðr þú verir, Hm. 126, but rarely.A. CHANGES AND FORMS.—Vera is an anomalous verb, which has undergone several changes:I. by changing s to r; of the older form there occur, the infin. vesa, pres. es, pret. vas, vast (vastu), vas; pres. subj. vesi; imperat. ves, MS. 623. 25. l. 14, 645. 6l. l. 33, 677. 40. l. 38; vestu, 623. 25, Post. (Unger) 129. l. 27, 229. l. 12; vesum, Hom. (Arna-Magn. 237) p. 214. l. 8; pres. indic. 2nd pers. est, Glúm. 372; 3rd pers. es: but no traces remain of the older form in pret. plur. indic. and subj. (váru væri, never vásu væsi). Rhymes in poets and the spelling of the oldest extant poems shew that the s form alone existed in Icel. down to about the end of the 12th century, the time of Snorri Sturluson, when the modern forms crept in probably from Norway, for there the change seems to have taken place a century or so earlier; the old Norse vellums (written in Norway or by Norsemen) are distinguished from the Icel. by their constant use of the r: the phrase ‘at upp vesandi sólu’, in N. G. L. i. 4, being the only instance of the s form in all the Norse vellums. The earliest instances extant of a rhyme to the r form are, the Ht. of Rögnvald, earl of the Orkneys; he was a native of Norway, born about A. D. 1100, and the poem was composed about A. D. 1145; another instance is ‘vara, fara’ in Fms. vii. 185, in a poem about A. D. 1140, written by an Icelander who had lived in Norway the greater part of his life, the rhyme is therefore a Norwegianism. The first instance in an Icel. poem is in the Ht. of Snorri, A. D. 1222. Instances from poets, Hallfred, Sighvat, Arnórr, and coeval poets; vesa, vísi; sás með Sygna ræsi; þági vas sem þessum; vask til Róms í háska; vastu, kosta; vas fyrir Mikkjals- messu; nú es um verk þau er vísi; bráskat þat dægr háski: from A. D. 1100–1150, Geisli, Pd., etc., svás, ræsir; esat, risnu; vasa, tysvar; vestu. freistni; vestu, traustla: on the other hand, in the poem of earl Rögvald, vera, skera; gera, vera; var, skar (twice): from later Icel. poems it is sufficient to note, erðu, fyrðum; ertú, h jarta; verðú, f orðast, Leiðarv. etc. This may sometimes serve as a test, e. g. var ek nær viðr-eign þ eirra, Grett., and skap-kers saman vera, Gísl., are impossible in the mouth of poets of the early Saga time; the verses of both these Sagas are a later composition.2. as to the spelling of the MSS.,—the oldest (the Arna-Magn. 677, the Eluc. 674, the Íb. etc.) use the s throughout: vellums of the next period, about A. D. 1200 (e. g. Arna-Magn. 623 and 645), use the later form sparingly, even the second hand in the Reykholts máldagi gives ‘es,’ not ‘er.’ Again, in the vellums of the middle of the 13th century, such as the Cod. Reg. of the Sæm., the Grág., and the Mork., the mod. spelling has entirely got the better of the old, and an ‘es’ only creeps in, as if unawares, from an older copy. Of the poetical literature, the Pd. alone has been preserved in a copy old enough to retain the s; all the rest have the modernised spelling, even in the rhymed syllables quoted above; such too is the case with the Cod. Reg. of the Sæm. Edda; but had that vellum been but fifty or sixty years older, the forms vesa, es, vas, etc. would now be the established spelling in Editions of these poems.3. on Danish and Swedish Runic stones, the 3rd pers. pret. sing. is a word of frequent occurrence; the best Danish monuments have vas, e. g. ias vas farinn vestr, Thorsen 93 and 101 (on a stone of the reign of Sweyn, died A. D. 1014). In Sweden the great majority present the later form: the so-called Ingvar stones are chronologically certain, being of the middle of the 11th century (Ingvar died A. D. 1039); there we read, ‘vas’ (twice), ‘varinn’ (once), ‘var’ (thrice, being twice spelt with ᛦ, once with ᚱ): this shews that about this time in Sweden the later or more modern form had begun to be used, but that the old was still remembered.II. suffixed personal pronoun or suffixed negation; em’k (tautologically ek em’k = I-am-I), emk, Ad. 1, Vþm. 8, Fms. xi. 91; ek emk, Mork. 89. l. 13, 104. l. 23, Clem. 136. l. 20, 138. l. 13; vask, I was, 133. l. 25, Mork. 89. l. 16; vark, Post. 225, v. l. 15; ek vark, Ls. 35; vestu, be thou, Clem. 129. l. 27; es þú, art thou, l. 30, 130. l. 11; sjá’k ( may I be), ek sják, Mork. 134; at sják, 189. l. 29; ek sják, Hbl. 9, Hkv. 1. 20; at ek gjarn sják, Stor.; with double kk, þó at ek sjákk, Mork. 89.2. a medial form, erumk, erumz, or apocopated erum, Stor. 1, Ad. 16, Hkv. 1. 25, Korm. ch. 5. 2, Ls. 35, Bragi (see senna); leið erum-k fjöll, Edda (in a verse); várumk, were to me, Am. 78.3. suff. neg. eru-mk-a, it is not to me, Stor. 17, Eg. (in a verse); emkat-ek, am I not I, i. e. I am not, Hbl. 34, Skm. 18, Ó. H. 192 (in a verse): er-at, es-at, or er-a, es-a, is not, passim; eru-ð, are not, Skv. 1. 42; ert-attu, thou art not, Vtkv.; vart-attu, thou wast not, Gs., Eg. (in a verse); veri-a, be not, Mork. 37. l. 8.III. the plur. eru when suffixed to words ending in r drops the initial e, and is suffixed; this spelling, which agrees with mod. Icel. pronunciation, was afterwards disused; þeir-ro, they are, Gm. 34; margir-ro, many are, Hkv. 2. 11; Æsir-ro, the Ases are, Vsp. 49; skildir-ro, shields are, 44; torogætir-ro, rare are, Korm. (in a verse); hverjar-ro, which are, Vþm. 48; langir-ro, long are, Gg.; tveir-ro, þrír-ro, fjórir-ro, two, three, four are, Edda 108; báðir-ro, both are, Mork. 169; hér-ro, here are, 234; þér-ro, ye are, MS. 686 B. 1; hryggvir-ro, id.; hver-ro, who are, Mork. 96; úvar-ro, wroth are, Gm. 53; værrom, vérrom, we are, Edda i. 526, Fms. x. 421; hverrtu [cp. North. E. wh’art’ou, lad] (hverrtú karl, who art thou, carle?), Frissb. 256. l. 8; ir-rot, ye are, Ó. H. 151.IV. the pres. 1st pers. em [Engl. am] has changed into er (eg er, þú ert, hann er), making the 1st and 3rd pers. uniform; this new form appears in vellums about the end of the 13th century, but the word being usually abbreviated (ē = em, eͬ = er), it is often hard to distinguish. In the Icel. N. T. and in hymns the old ‘em’ still remains in solemn language, em eg, Matth. xxvii. 24; eigi em eg, John xviii. 17; eg em hann, 5, 8, xi. 25, xv. 1, 5, Matth. xiv. 27; em eg eigi postuli, em eg eigi frjáls, 1 Cor. ix. 1; em eg orðinn, 20, 22, and passim.B. USAGE.—To be:I. to be, exist; þær sakir skal fyrst dæma, ef þær eru, if such there are, Grág. (Kb.) i. 73; eigi vóru hans jafningjar, Eg. 1; Rachel grét sonu sína, … þvi at þeir eru eigi, Hom. 49; þeir menn vóru, er þess gátu, there were men who, Nj. 90.2. to be, happen; þat var, at hón for brott, Nj. 51; él eitt mun vera, 198; þess sem vera vill, that which is to be, 186; ok er (is) Vagn þá fimtán vetra gamall, er þetta er, when this came to pass, Fms. xi. 97; at þessi orrosta hafi verit á öðrum degi viku, iii. 11; í þann tið var úfriðr Kristnum mönnum, Ver. 43; hvat er henni, what is the matter with her? Fms. ii. 290; hvat er þér, Atli? er þér hryggt í hug, Gkv. 3.3. to last; meðan þingit væri, Nj. 12; hirðit eigi at óttask píslir þeirra—þvíat stund eina eru, 623. 32; meðan líf hans var, Bret. 100; þykkir eigi vera mega svá búit, Fms. xi. 62: to remain, leave alone, láttu það vera, let that be, Flóv.4. to be, dwell, stay, sojourn; vask til Róms, I was at Rome, Sighvat; hann bað hana vera í búð sinni, Nj. 12; Gunnarr var á Höskuld-stöðum um nótt, passed a night there, 34, N. G. L. i. 347: so the phrase, biðja að lofa sér að vera, to ask for night-quarters, of a stranger or traveller; lofa honum að vera, to take a stranger in; honum var boðit at vera, Vápn. 23; hefi ek hér verit síðan, Nj. 45; Hallkell var þar með Otkatli, 73; þeir vildu eigi vesa hér við heiðna menn, Íb. 4; vera samvistum við e-n, Grág. ii. 80; vera við e-t, to be present at, Hom. 129: vera at, to be present; vark at þar, Glúm.: vera brottu, to be away, absent, Nj. 113; meðan ek em í brautu, 52: sagðisk eigi vita hvar þau væri, were to be found, Dipl. ii. 20; hvar ertu? slá ein var um þvert skipit, Nj. 44; hygg ek at þar hafi verit Bolli, Ld. 274; er þér hér nú minja-griprinn, Nj. 203: as with the notion of ‘towards’ a place, an irregular construction, vartú á land upp, Fas. ii. 174; meðan þeir vóru til Danmerkr, Fms. x. 104; Ribbungar höfðu ekki verit út í landit, ix. 359; verit eigi til orrostu, vii. 263, v. l.; vera á fund hans, Eg. 26.5. with prepp.; vera at, to be busy at (see ‘at’ A. II, p. 26, col. 2): vera fyrir, to lead (see fyrir): vera til, to exist (see til IV); eiga fjölskyldi, vandræði, um at vera, to be in straits (see um C. VII); e-m er mikit, lítið, ekki um e-t (see um C. I. 3); vera við (see við B. VIII).II. with a predicate:1. with a noun, to be so and so; vera bróðir, systir, faðir, sonr, dóttir … e-s, vera konungr, jarl, biskup …, passim; hvers son ertú?—Ek emk Kattarson, Mork. 104; ek skal þer Mörðr vera, Nj. 15: followed by a gen. ellípt., er þat ekki karla, that is not men’s (affair), 75; er þat ekki margra, ‘that is not for many,’ few are equal to that (cp. Lat. ‘non cuivis homini,’ etc.), 48.2. with adjectives, to be so and so, of a state or condition; vera kunnigr, Fms. x. 370; vera glaðr, sæll, hryggr, dauðr, lifandi, … ungr, gamall, to be glad …, young, old, passim; þó at ek sjákk ótignari, Mork. 89; nema ek dauðr sják, Hbl. 9; þótt ek sják einn, Mork. 134; vera kominn, to be come: so too with adverbs, vera vel, ílla … til e-s, er við e-n, to be, behave well, ill … to one, passim; or also, þat er ílla, it is sad, Nj. 70, 71; ílla er þá, fyrr væri ílla, 75, 260; drengr góðr, þar sem vel skyldi vera, when it was to be, i. e. when she wished, 147; vera spakliga í heraði, to behave gently, Sturl. iii. 143; at þú frændr þína vammalaust verir, to behave blamelessly, Sdm. 22; orð kvað hann þats án veri, words which he had better not have said, Am. 36.3. impers., e-t er skylt, it is incumbent, Grág.; e-m er varmt, heitt, kalt, one is warm, cold, Nj. 95; er auðit, q. v.4. with participles, in a passive sense; vera kallaðr, vera sagðr, tekinn, elskaðr, etc., to be called, said, taken, loved.5. with infin.; hlymr var at heyra, was to hear, i. e. to be heard, Am.; þar var at sjá, there was to be seen, passim.6. ellipt., dropping a noun or the like, denoting futurity, necessity, a thing at hand, about to happen, or to be done; ok er hér at þiggja, Hrafn, þann greiða sem þú vill, and it is now for thee, Rafn, to partake of what food thou wilt, Ísl. ii. 262; nú er þeim út at ganga öllum, er leyft er, now it is for them to go out, Nj. 200; nú er at verja sik, 83; er nú eigi Kára at varask, now there is no need to beware of K., 259; nú er at segja frá, now is to be told, 75, 259; er nú ekki fyrr frá at segja en þeir koma …, 21; er ekki um hans ferðir at tala fyrr en …, 215.III. irregular usages:1. ellipse of the infin. vera; ek skal þér Hrútr, I will [be] Hrútr to thee, Nj. 15; Gunnarr segir sér þat alvöru, G. says it [ is to be] his earnestness, 49; vil ek þá lauss máls þessa, 76; bað hann alla metta at miðri nótt, he begged all eating [ to be over] at midnight, Fms. ix. 353; þá þótti hverjum gott þar sem sat, Nj. 50; at skamt skyli okkar í meðal, 114; mun þín skömm lengi uppi, mun hans vörn uppi meðan landit er bygt, 116, 117: or also ‘var,’ ‘er’ may be understood, hann hafði hjálm á höfði, og gyrðr sverði, 70; sá ek glöggt hvat títt var,—barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju, a bairn in age, and to have slain such a champion! Glúm. 382: the dropping of the infin. vera is esp. freq. after the reflex. forms kveðsk, segjask, látask, þykkjask, virðask, sýnask when followed by a part. pret. or by an adjective, as also after the verbs munu, skulu,—thus, hann sagðisk kominn, he said he was come; hann lezt búinn, he made as if he was ready; hann þóttisk staddr, he thought that he was …; skal þat á þínu umdæmi, Fms. xi. 89; þess eins er mér þykkir betr, … til hvers þykkjast þessir menn færir, Hrafn. 17; mun þat harðla lítið, 21; at fátt muni manna á fótum, 20; þú virðisk okkr vaskr maðr, 23; þessi hestr sýnisk mér eigi betri en aðrir, id.2. an irregularity, occurring now and then, is the use of the sing. ‘er’ for plur. eru; mannföll þessi er sögð, Gullþ. 71; nú er fram komin sóknar-gögn, Nj. 242.IV. recipr., erusk, vórusk; viðr-gefendr ok endr-gefendr erosk lengst vinir, Hm. 40; þeir er í nánd erusk, those who are neighbours, 655 xxi. 3; þótt þau sésk eigi hjóna, though they be not man and wife, K. Þ. K. 158; ok városk góðir vinir, were good friends, Fms. xi. 39, 89; ok várusk þeir fóstbræðr, 55.V. as to the poët. medial form, erumk, várumk (see ek C), the following instances are from the poems of Egil: grimmt várumk hlið, the breach was cruel to me, Stor.; erumk-a leitt, it is not to me, Eg. (in a verse); erumka þokkt þjóða sinni, see sinni II; mærðar-efni erumk auð-skæf, Ad.; mjök erum(k) tregt tungu at hræra, it is hard for me to move the tongue, Stor. 1; (hence one might correct the end verse of that poem into nú ‘erumk’ torvelt, for the modernised nú ‘er mér’ torvelt); blautr erumk bergi-fótar borr, Eg. (at the end); to which add, þat erumk sennt, it is told us, Bragi; lyst várumk þess, I had a longing to, Am. 74; ván erumk, ‘a hope is to me,’ I hope, Fagrsk. 122; the phrase, títt erumk, ‘tis ready to me, Eb. (in a verse).VI. part., allir menn verandi ok eptir komandi, Dipl. i. 3; æ-verandi, everlasting, Hom. 107; hjá-verandi, being present, Vm. 47; nær-verandis, present; engi nær-verandis maðr, öllum lýð nær-verandis, Th. 77; klerkar ok nær-verandi leikmenn, Mar.; at upp-vesandi sólu, at sunrise, N. G. L. i. 4; verandi eigi úminnigr, being not unmindful, Fms. v. 230. -
96 creature
nounthe creature with the red hair — die mit den roten Haaren (ugs.)
creature of habit — Gewohnheitsmensch, der
* * *['kri: ə]1) (an animal or human being: all God's creatures.) das Geschöpf2) (a term of contempt or pity: The poor creature could hardly stand.) die Kreatur* * *crea·ture[ˈkri:tʃəʳ, AM -ɚ]n\creature from outer space außerirdisches Wesenliving \creatures Lebewesen plmythical \creature mythologisches WesenJohn is a weak \creature John ist ein Schwächlingyou heartless \creature! du herzlose Kreatur!a lovely \creature ein wunderbares Geschöpfto be a \creature of habit ein Gewohnheitstier sein* * *['kriːtʃə(r)]n1) Geschöpf nt, (Lebe)wesen nt, Kreatur fwhat a beautiful creature! — welch ein herrliches Geschöpf!
all dumb creatures —
there wasn't a creature in sight — nirgends regte sich etwas, kein Lebewesen war zu sehen
2) (= subordinate person) Geschöpf nt* * *creature [ˈkriːtʃə(r)] s1. Geschöpf n, (Lebe)Wesen n, Kreatur f:2. Kreatur f, Tier n (Ggs Mensch):dumb creature stumme Kreatur3. Geschöpf n, Ding n:good creature gute Haut umg (Person);lovely creature süßes Geschöpf (Frau);poor (silly) creature armes (dummes) Dinga) Günstling m5. Produkt n:a creature of the imagination ein Fantasieprodukt* * *noun1) (created being) Geschöpf, dascreature of habit — Gewohnheitsmensch, der
* * *n.Geschöpf -e n.Kreatur -en f.Lebewesen n. -
97 comfort
1) (a pleasant condition of being physically or mentally relaxed, happy, warm etc: They now live in comfort.) comodidad, confort, bienestar2) (anything that provides a little luxury, or makes one feel happier, or better able to bear misfortune: He enjoyed the comforts of the hotel; Her presence was a comfort to him in his grief; words of comfort.) comodidad•- comfortably
- comforting
- be comfortably off
comfort1 n comodidadcomfort2 vb consolartr['kʌmfət]2 (thing, luxury) comodidad nombre femenino3 (consolation) consuelo1 consolar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto live in comfort vivir cómodamenteto take comfort in/from something consolarse con algocomfort station SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL servicios nombre masculino plural, aseos nombre masculino pluralcomfort ['kʌmpfərt] vt1) cheer: confortar, alentar2) console: consolarcomfort n1) consolation: consuelo m2) well-being: confort m, bienestar m3) convenience: comodidad fthe comforts of home: las comodidades del hogarn.• alivio s.m.• anchura s.f.• bienestar s.m.• báculo s.m.• comodidad s.f.• confort s.m.• consuelo s.m.• desahogo s.m.• holgura s.f.• quitapesares s.m.v.• ayudar v.• confortar v.• consolar v.• reconfortar v.• solazar v.
I 'kʌmfərt, 'kʌmfət1)a) u (physical, material) comodidad f, confort mto live in comfort — vivir desahogadamente or con holgura
b) c (something pleasant, luxury) comodidad f; home III a)2) u ( mental) consuelo mto give aid and comfort to terrorists — ( in US) cooperar con terroristas
to take comfort from something — consolarse* con algo
to be cold comfort — no servir* de consuelo
II
transitive verb \<\<child\>\> consolar*; \<\<bereaved person\>\> consolar*, confortar['kʌmfǝt]1. N1) (=solace) consuelo mthat's cold or small comfort — eso no me consuela nada
I take comfort in or from the fact/knowledge that... — me consuelo sabiendo que...
2) (=well-being) confort m, comodidad f ; (=facility) comodidad fwith every modern comfort — con todo confort, con toda comodidad
2.VT (=give solace) consolar, confortar3.CPDcomfort blanket N — mantita f (para dormir)
comfort eating, comfort food N — comida como terapia contra la depresión
comfort station N — (US) servicios mpl, aseos mpl, baño m (LAm)
comfort zone N — zona f de confort
* * *
I ['kʌmfərt, 'kʌmfət]1)a) u (physical, material) comodidad f, confort mto live in comfort — vivir desahogadamente or con holgura
b) c (something pleasant, luxury) comodidad f; home III a)2) u ( mental) consuelo mto give aid and comfort to terrorists — ( in US) cooperar con terroristas
to take comfort from something — consolarse* con algo
to be cold comfort — no servir* de consuelo
II
transitive verb \<\<child\>\> consolar*; \<\<bereaved person\>\> consolar*, confortar -
98 lateness
1) (being after due time) Verspätung, diethe lateness of the hour — die späte od. vorgerückte Stunde
* * *noun die Verspätung* * *late·ness[ˈleɪtnəs]n no plhe made no apology for his \lateness er entschuldigte sich nicht dafür, dass er zu spät kam2. (of time)the \lateness of the hour meant that there were few buses running da es schon sehr spät war, fuhren kaum noch Busse* * *['leItnɪs]n(= arriving late at work etc) Zuspätkommen nt; (of train, payments) Verspätung f; (of meal) späte Zeit; (of harvest, seasons) spätes Eintretenthe lateness of the hour — die so späte Stunde
* * *lateness [ˈleıtnıs] s1. späte Zeit, spätes Stadium:the lateness of the hour die vorgerückte Stunde;the lateness of his arrival seine späte Ankunft2. Verspätung f, Zuspätkommen n* * *noun, no pl.1) (being after due time) Verspätung, diethe lateness of the hour — die späte od. vorgerückte Stunde
* * *n.Verspätung f. -
99 presence
nounin the presence of his friends — in Gegenwart od. Anwesenheit seiner Freunde
2) (bearing) Auftreten, das3) (being represented) Präsenz, diepolice presence — Polizeipräsenz, die
4)presence of mind — Geistesgegenwart, die
* * *['prezns]1) (the state, or fact, of being present: The committee requests your presence at Thursday's meeting.) die Gegenwart2) (a striking, impressive manner or appearance: The headmistress certainly has presence.) das Auftreten•- academic.ru/116928/in_the_presence_of">in the presence of- presence of mind* * *pres·ence[ˈprezən(t)s]nyour \presence is requested Sie sind eingeladento make one's \presence felt sich akk bemerkbar machenin sb's \presence, in the \presence of sb in jds Gegenwart [o Anwesenheit]in the \presence of a third party Dritten gegenüberin the \presence of two witnesses in Gegenwart [o im Beisein] zweier Zeugen/Zeuginnenin my \presence in meiner Gegenwartto have \presence of person ein gutes Auftreten habento feel sb's \presence jds Gegenwart [förmlich] spüren könnenmilitary/police \presence Militär-/Polizeipräsenz f* * *['prezns]n1) Gegenwart f, Anwesenheit fin sb's presence, in the presence of sb — in jds (dat)
he was admitted to the king's presence — er wurde zum König vorgelassen
in the presence of danger — im Angesicht der Gefahr
there is a strong German presence in the 1500 metres — die Deutschen sind beim 1500-Meter-Lauf stark vertreten
2)a military/police presence — Militär-/Polizeipräsenz f
4)they felt a ghostly/an invisible presence — sie spürten, dass etwas Geisterhaftes/Unsichtbares anwesend war
* * *presence [ˈprezns] s1. a) Gegenwart f, Anwesenheit f, Präsenz f:in the presence of witnesses vor Zeugen;presence of mind Geistesgegenwart;have the presence of mind to do sth die Geistesgegenwart haben oder so geistesgegenwärtig sein, etwas zu tun;he had the presence of mind to jump out of the way auch er sprang geistesgegenwärtig zur Seite;make one’s presence felt sich bemerkbar machen;b) MIL, POL militärische Präsenz2. (unmittelbare) Nähe, Vorhandensein n:bring sb into the presence of the king jemanden vor den König bringen;be admitted into the presence (zur Audienz) vorgelassen werden;in the presence of danger angesichts der Gefahrb) Auftreten n, Haltung fc) (persönliche) Ausstrahlung (eines Schauspielers etc)5. Anwesenheit f eines unsichtbaren Geistes:* * *nounin the presence of his friends — in Gegenwart od. Anwesenheit seiner Freunde
2) (bearing) Auftreten, das3) (being represented) Präsenz, diepolice presence — Polizeipräsenz, die
4)presence of mind — Geistesgegenwart, die
* * *n.Anwesenheit f.Gegenwart f.Präsenz -en f. -
100 attendance
noun2) (number of people present) Teilnehmerzahl, die3)* * *noun His attendance (= the number of times he attends) at school is poor; Attendances (= the number of people attending) at the concerts went down after the price of tickets increased.) das Erscheinen, die Besucherzahl* * *at·tend·ance[əˈtendən(t)s]n\attendance at lectures is compulsory bei Vorlesungen besteht Anwesenheitspflicht3. (care)to be in \attendance [on sb] [jdm] zur Verfügung stehenthe singer never goes out without his security men in \attendance der Sänger verlässt das Haus niemals ohne seine Bodyguards an seiner Seite4.* * *[ə'tendəns]n1)to be in attendance at sth —
to be in attendance on sb — jdm aufwarten, jdn bedienen
2) (= being present) Anwesenheit f (at bei)3) (= number of people present) Teilnehmerzahl frecord attendance — eine Rekordteilnehmerzahl, Rekordteilnehmerzahlen pl
* * *attendance [əˈtendəns] s1. Anwesenheit f, Besuch m:attendance compulsary Anwesenheitspflicht!;attendance at school Schulbesuch;attendance officer US Schulbeamter, der Fälle von häufigem unentschuldigtem Fehlen untersucht;attendance register Anwesenheitsbuch n2. Besucher-, Teilnehmerzahl f:there was an attendance of over 300 es waren mehr als 300 Personen anwesend3. Betreuung f:be in attendance als Brautjungfer fungieren ( → 1);attendance allowance Br Pflegegeld n (für Hilfe einer körperlich od geistig schwerbehinderten Person);attendance centre Br Heim n für Freizeitarrest (straffälliger Jugendlicher); → academic.ru/18355/dance">dance B 1, medical A 1 a4. obsa) Begleitung f, Gefolge nb) Dienerschaft f* * *noun2) (number of people present) Teilnehmerzahl, die3)* * *n.Anwesenheit f.Begleitung f.Beteiligung f.Dienstleistung f.Teilnahme f.Wartung -en f.
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