ashes

גַּנְדַּרI ( גדר to be rounded, v. גַּד II; cmp. כדר; v. Nöld. Neusyrische Gramm. p. 39) to roll. Targ. O. Gen. 29:3; 8; 10 (ed. Berl. נדר, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 10; Targ. Y. ib. 13 נדר, some ed. גדר). Targ. 1 Kings 14:10 כמא דמְגַנְדְּרִין בגולילא (Var. דמנדרין) as they roll with a (threshing) roller (h. text … יבער הגלל).Gitt.69b ונִיגַנְדְּרֵיהוכ׳ (Rashi ולג׳) and let him roll it sixty times. Ab. Zar.28a רניגנדר (some ed. וניגדר). Ithpa. אִיגַּנְדַּר to be rolled; to roll ones self. B. Kam.35a למקלייה ואִיגַּנְדּוּרֵי בקיטמא Ms. M. (ed. ואיגנדר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to burn the stack in order to roll himself in the ashes. Ib. קמִגַּנְדַּר בקיטמיה Ms. M. he did roll himself in its ashes. Gitt.77b איג׳ גיטא Ar. (ed. אזל, Rashi to Sabb.80a quotes איג׳) the letter of divorce (thrown over to the woman) rolled and fell Yeb.17a (prov.) קבא רבא … מִיגַּנְּדַּר וכ׳ the large and the small measure (both instruments of fraud) roll together and arrive at hell, and from hell, i. e. all the low elements meet in those Babylonian places.

גַּנְדַּרI ( גדר to be rounded, v. גַּד II; cmp. כדר; v. Nöld. Neusyrische Gramm. p. 39) to roll. Targ. O. Gen. 29:3; 8; 10 (ed. Berl. נדר, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 10; Targ. Y. ib. 13 נדר, some ed. גדר). Targ. 1 Kings 14:10 כמא דמְגַנְדְּרִין בגולילא (Var. דמנדרין) as they roll with a (threshing) roller (h. text … יבער הגלל).Gitt.69b ונִיגַנְדְּרֵיהוכ׳ (Rashi ולג׳) and let him roll it sixty times. Ab. Zar.28a רניגנדר (some ed. וניגדר). Ithpa. אִיגַּנְדַּר to be rolled; to roll ones self. B. Kam.35a למקלייה ואִיגַּנְדּוּרֵי בקיטמא Ms. M. (ed. ואיגנדר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to burn the stack in order to roll himself in the ashes. Ib. קמִגַּנְדַּר בקיטמיה Ms. M. he did roll himself in its ashes. Gitt.77b איג׳ גיטא Ar. (ed. אזל, Rashi to Sabb.80a quotes איג׳) the letter of divorce (thrown over to the woman) rolled and fell Yeb.17a (prov.) קבא רבא … מִיגַּנְּדַּר וכ׳ the large and the small measure (both instruments of fraud) roll together and arrive at hell, and from hell, i. e. all the low elements meet in those Babylonian places.

גָּרַף(b. h.; v. גרר) to scrape, sweep, esp. to remove ashes and coal from the stove; to scrape together, collect. Kel. VIII, 11 היתה גֹורְפָתֹו if while she was sweeping it (the stove) Sabb.III, 1 עד שיִגְרֹוף not before he has swept it.Y.Peah VII, 20b top (ref. to Joel 1:17) תחת שהיינו גֹורְפִיםוכ׳ in place of collecting honey (from beehives or trees), we collected foul matter. Sabb.XVII, 2 לִגְרֹוף בהוכ׳ to grab with it the figs out of the barrel; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 67 גּוֹרֶפֶת מחוטמה blowing her nose (v. גָּרַר).Part. pass. גָּרוּף, f. גְּרוּפָה cleared of ashes, swept. Sabb.III, 4, v. אַנְטִיכִי; a. fr.(Gen. R. s. 53 ג׳ מביתו שלוכ׳ (Isaac is) the refuse of, comment.; v., however, גְּרֹוף. Pi. גֵּירַף same. Kerith. 7b; Y.Snh.VII, 25b top, v. גָּדַף.

גָּרַף(b. h.; v. גרר) to scrape, sweep, esp. to remove ashes and coal from the stove; to scrape together, collect. Kel. VIII, 11 היתה גֹורְפָתֹו if while she was sweeping it (the stove) Sabb.III, 1 עד שיִגְרֹוף not before he has swept it.Y.Peah VII, 20b top (ref. to Joel 1:17) תחת שהיינו גֹורְפִיםוכ׳ in place of collecting honey (from beehives or trees), we collected foul matter. Sabb.XVII, 2 לִגְרֹוף בהוכ׳ to grab with it the figs out of the barrel; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 67 גּוֹרֶפֶת מחוטמה blowing her nose (v. גָּרַר).Part. pass. גָּרוּף, f. גְּרוּפָה cleared of ashes, swept. Sabb.III, 4, v. אַנְטִיכִי; a. fr.(Gen. R. s. 53 ג׳ מביתו שלוכ׳ (Isaac is) the refuse of, comment.; v., however, גְּרֹוף. Pi. גֵּירַף same. Kerith. 7b; Y.Snh.VII, 25b top, v. גָּדַף.

דִּישּׁוּן, דִּשּׁוּןm. ( דשן) removal of ashes, cleaning. Yoma 21a ד׳ מזבח חפנימי the ashes removed from the inner altar, ד׳ המנורה the snuffs of the candlesticks, Ib. 33a ד׳ מזבחוכ׳ the cleaning of Tam. III, 9.

דִּישּׁוּן, דִּשּׁוּןm. ( דשן) removal of ashes, cleaning. Yoma 21a ד׳ מזבח חפנימי the ashes removed from the inner altar, ד׳ המנורה the snuffs of the candlesticks, Ib. 33a ד׳ מזבחוכ׳ the cleaning of Tam. III, 9.

דִּישּׁוּן, דִּשּׁוּןm. ( דשן) removal of ashes, cleaning. Yoma 21a ד׳ מזבח חפנימי the ashes removed from the inner altar, ד׳ המנורה the snuffs of the candlesticks, Ib. 33a ד׳ מזבחוכ׳ the cleaning of Tam. III, 9.

דִּישּׁוּן, דִּשּׁוּןm. ( דשן) removal of ashes, cleaning. Yoma 21a ד׳ מזבח חפנימי the ashes removed from the inner altar, ד׳ המנורה the snuffs of the candlesticks, Ib. 33a ד׳ מזבחוכ׳ the cleaning of Tam. III, 9.

דֶּשֶׁןm. (b. h.; v. preced.) 1) fat, honorary gift, v. next w. 2) ashes (of burnt flesh &c). Zeb.V, 2, a. fr. בֵּית הד׳ the place where the ashes of sacrifices were deposited.Pl. דְּשָׁנִין. Ib. 104b שלש בֵּית הַדְּשָׁנִין(!)

דֶּשֶׁןm. (b. h.; v. preced.) 1) fat, honorary gift, v. next w. 2) ashes (of burnt flesh &c). Zeb.V, 2, a. fr. בֵּית הד׳ the place where the ashes of sacrifices were deposited.Pl. דְּשָׁנִין. Ib. 104b שלש בֵּית הַדְּשָׁנִין(!)

כֵּבַשII, כִּבְשָׁא, כִּיבְשָׁא ch. = h. כֶּבֶש, 1) ascent (scamnum), stepping stool. Targ. 1 Chr. 26:16 (h. text מסלה). Ib. 28:2 כבש (constr.); Targ. Ps. 132:7 (h. text הדם). Targ. Is. 66:1 כְּבַש (ed. Lag. כֵּיבַש). 2) press-board and loading stone.Pl. כִּבְשֵׁי, כִּי׳. B. Bath.67b (expl. עבירים, Mish. ib.) כִּי׳ Ms. M. (ed. כב׳). 3) grade; בֵּי כ׳ a graded field which requires no artificial irrigation, opp. בי שקיא. Kidd.62b. 4) dam or embankment. Pl. as ab. Erub.34b, v. כְּבַש. 5) the hot ashes ( pressed and levelled) in the oven (v. Bets.IV, 5 quot. s. v. כָּבַש Pi.). Ḥull.93b רישא בכ׳ a head put in ashes (for removing the hair before boiling). 6) path. Targ. 2 Sam. 20:12, sq. כי׳ ed. Lag. (ed. Wil. כַּבְ׳). Targ. 1 Sam. 4:13 כִּבֶּש constr., v. כְּבִיש. 6) (archit.) recess, enceinte. Targ. Ez. 45:4; ib. 48:21 constr. כֵּיבַש ed. Wil. (h. text מקדש).

כֵּבַשII, כִּבְשָׁא, כִּיבְשָׁא ch. = h. כֶּבֶש, 1) ascent (scamnum), stepping stool. Targ. 1 Chr. 26:16 (h. text מסלה). Ib. 28:2 כבש (constr.); Targ. Ps. 132:7 (h. text הדם). Targ. Is. 66:1 כְּבַש (ed. Lag. כֵּיבַש). 2) press-board and loading stone.Pl. כִּבְשֵׁי, כִּי׳. B. Bath.67b (expl. עבירים, Mish. ib.) כִּי׳ Ms. M. (ed. כב׳). 3) grade; בֵּי כ׳ a graded field which requires no artificial irrigation, opp. בי שקיא. Kidd.62b. 4) dam or embankment. Pl. as ab. Erub.34b, v. כְּבַש. 5) the hot ashes ( pressed and levelled) in the oven (v. Bets.IV, 5 quot. s. v. כָּבַש Pi.). Ḥull.93b רישא בכ׳ a head put in ashes (for removing the hair before boiling). 6) path. Targ. 2 Sam. 20:12, sq. כי׳ ed. Lag. (ed. Wil. כַּבְ׳). Targ. 1 Sam. 4:13 כִּבֶּש constr., v. כְּבִיש. 6) (archit.) recess, enceinte. Targ. Ez. 45:4; ib. 48:21 constr. כֵּיבַש ed. Wil. (h. text מקדש).

לבי, לָבָה(contr. of להב, to be bright; cmp. לבלב, לָבַן II); Pi. לִיבָּה, לִבָּה, to blow ablaze, enkindle. B. Kam.VI, 4 (59b) בא אחר ולי׳ המְלַבֶּה חייב if a third person came (after one brought the wood and another the light), and blew the wood ablaze, he who fanned the flame is responsible; לִיבְּתָחּ הרוחוכ׳ (Y. ed. לִיבָּהוּ, Mish. Nap., Ms. H. a. R. לִבְּתוֹ, לִיבְּ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30) if the wind enkindled it, all are free. Ib. 60a לי׳ וליבתה הרוח if he blew and the wind set the fire ablaze, אם יש בְּלִבּוּיוֹ כדי ללַבּוֹתָהּ חייב if there was in his blow enough force to set it ablaze, he is guilty; Tosef. ib. VI, 22 נִיבָּה ונִיבְּתוֹ, כדי לנַבּוֹת … ed. Zuck. (Var. ל for נ).B. Kam. l. c. מאן דתני ל׳ … ומאן דתני נ׳וכ׳ he who teaches libbah is not at fault, nor is he who teaches nibbah (ref. for libbah to labbath, Ex. 3:2, for nibbah to נִיב, Is. 57:19); Y. ib. II, 5c top (ref. for nibbah to Jer. 20:9 ‘it (the word of prophecy, v. נָבָא) was in my heart like a burning fire). Bab. ib. l. c. כגון שלי׳ ברוח מצויה ולִבְּתוֹוכ׳ it means, if he blew! while there was ordinary air stirring, and then an unusual wind set in, and blew it ablaze. Ib. 59b Ib מסר לו גחלת ול׳ he placed in his charge glowing coals, and he (the irresponsible person) did the blowing, opp. to מסר לו שלהבת. Y.Sabb.III, beg.5c מְלַבֶּה עליה נעורתוכ׳ he lets hatchelled flax blaze over the hot ashes (so as to form a cover on which to place dishes for the Sabbath; Tosef. ib. III, 2 הדליקו). Nithpa. נִתְלַבֶּה to flame up. Sabb.37a קטמה ונִתְלַבְּתָה if after having covered the embers with ashes, the flames blazed up again; Y. ib. l. c. ונִתְלַבַּת.

לבי, לָבָה(contr. of להב, to be bright; cmp. לבלב, לָבַן II); Pi. לִיבָּה, לִבָּה, to blow ablaze, enkindle. B. Kam.VI, 4 (59b) בא אחר ולי׳ המְלַבֶּה חייב if a third person came (after one brought the wood and another the light), and blew the wood ablaze, he who fanned the flame is responsible; לִיבְּתָחּ הרוחוכ׳ (Y. ed. לִיבָּהוּ, Mish. Nap., Ms. H. a. R. לִבְּתוֹ, לִיבְּ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30) if the wind enkindled it, all are free. Ib. 60a לי׳ וליבתה הרוח if he blew and the wind set the fire ablaze, אם יש בְּלִבּוּיוֹ כדי ללַבּוֹתָהּ חייב if there was in his blow enough force to set it ablaze, he is guilty; Tosef. ib. VI, 22 נִיבָּה ונִיבְּתוֹ, כדי לנַבּוֹת … ed. Zuck. (Var. ל for נ).B. Kam. l. c. מאן דתני ל׳ … ומאן דתני נ׳וכ׳ he who teaches libbah is not at fault, nor is he who teaches nibbah (ref. for libbah to labbath, Ex. 3:2, for nibbah to נִיב, Is. 57:19); Y. ib. II, 5c top (ref. for nibbah to Jer. 20:9 ‘it (the word of prophecy, v. נָבָא) was in my heart like a burning fire). Bab. ib. l. c. כגון שלי׳ ברוח מצויה ולִבְּתוֹוכ׳ it means, if he blew! while there was ordinary air stirring, and then an unusual wind set in, and blew it ablaze. Ib. 59b Ib מסר לו גחלת ול׳ he placed in his charge glowing coals, and he (the irresponsible person) did the blowing, opp. to מסר לו שלהבת. Y.Sabb.III, beg.5c מְלַבֶּה עליה נעורתוכ׳ he lets hatchelled flax blaze over the hot ashes (so as to form a cover on which to place dishes for the Sabbath; Tosef. ib. III, 2 הדליקו). Nithpa. נִתְלַבֶּה to flame up. Sabb.37a קטמה ונִתְלַבְּתָה if after having covered the embers with ashes, the flames blazed up again; Y. ib. l. c. ונִתְלַבַּת.

לבי, לָבָה(contr. of להב, to be bright; cmp. לבלב, לָבַן II); Pi. לִיבָּה, לִבָּה, to blow ablaze, enkindle. B. Kam.VI, 4 (59b) בא אחר ולי׳ המְלַבֶּה חייב if a third person came (after one brought the wood and another the light), and blew the wood ablaze, he who fanned the flame is responsible; לִיבְּתָחּ הרוחוכ׳ (Y. ed. לִיבָּהוּ, Mish. Nap., Ms. H. a. R. לִבְּתוֹ, לִיבְּ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30) if the wind enkindled it, all are free. Ib. 60a לי׳ וליבתה הרוח if he blew and the wind set the fire ablaze, אם יש בְּלִבּוּיוֹ כדי ללַבּוֹתָהּ חייב if there was in his blow enough force to set it ablaze, he is guilty; Tosef. ib. VI, 22 נִיבָּה ונִיבְּתוֹ, כדי לנַבּוֹת … ed. Zuck. (Var. ל for נ).B. Kam. l. c. מאן דתני ל׳ … ומאן דתני נ׳וכ׳ he who teaches libbah is not at fault, nor is he who teaches nibbah (ref. for libbah to labbath, Ex. 3:2, for nibbah to נִיב, Is. 57:19); Y. ib. II, 5c top (ref. for nibbah to Jer. 20:9 ‘it (the word of prophecy, v. נָבָא) was in my heart like a burning fire). Bab. ib. l. c. כגון שלי׳ ברוח מצויה ולִבְּתוֹוכ׳ it means, if he blew! while there was ordinary air stirring, and then an unusual wind set in, and blew it ablaze. Ib. 59b Ib מסר לו גחלת ול׳ he placed in his charge glowing coals, and he (the irresponsible person) did the blowing, opp. to מסר לו שלהבת. Y.Sabb.III, beg.5c מְלַבֶּה עליה נעורתוכ׳ he lets hatchelled flax blaze over the hot ashes (so as to form a cover on which to place dishes for the Sabbath; Tosef. ib. III, 2 הדליקו). Nithpa. נִתְלַבֶּה to flame up. Sabb.37a קטמה ונִתְלַבְּתָה if after having covered the embers with ashes, the flames blazed up again; Y. ib. l. c. ונִתְלַבַּת.

מַזֶּהII m. (נָזָה) the priest appointed to do the sprinkling (Num. 19:21). Tosef.Par.XII (XI), 12.Trnsf. priest, man of distinction. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top מי שהוא מ׳ בן מ׳ יזהוכ׳ let him sprinkle (occupy the office) who is a sprinkler, son of a sprinkler (a scholar of scholarly ancestry); dare he who is neither himself a sprinkler … say to him who is …, Thy water is plain cave water, and thy ashes mere ashes from the stove (thy decisions are of no legal value)?; Y.Taan.IV, 67d; Ber.28a; cmp. מַדָּא.

מַזֶּהII m. (נָזָה) the priest appointed to do the sprinkling (Num. 19:21). Tosef.Par.XII (XI), 12.Trnsf. priest, man of distinction. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top מי שהוא מ׳ בן מ׳ יזהוכ׳ let him sprinkle (occupy the office) who is a sprinkler, son of a sprinkler (a scholar of scholarly ancestry); dare he who is neither himself a sprinkler … say to him who is …, Thy water is plain cave water, and thy ashes mere ashes from the stove (thy decisions are of no legal value)?; Y.Taan.IV, 67d; Ber.28a; cmp. מַדָּא.

קָדַם(b. h.) (to bend, go forward, to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y.Meg.III, 74a bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספווכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israels destruction (Esth. 3:9), and he said, it is better that my childrens silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. 30:11 sq.) anticipate Hamans silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70d bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּוכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָהוכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory Ib. התורה קרמהוכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull.100a, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh.38a; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּש. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a mans own loss and his fathers loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33a קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתווכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y.Ned.IX, 42c bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִיןוכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of ones own town has the precedence over Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr. (Nif. נִקְדָּם, Taan.20a נקדמה, v. נָקַד I. Pi. קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y.Bets. V, 63a bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוותוכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr. Hif. הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקיריןוכ׳ therefore we read the section of Shḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13b לפיכךה׳ שקליהןוכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Hamans) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30a מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקרימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y.Sot.VIII, 22d bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb.106a (ref. to Lev. 4:12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שיִקְדּים; a. fr.ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber.6b כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17a לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם יכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְרֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים Pes.6b, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחרוכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money,this is interest paid in advance; a. fr. 2) to be early, zealous. Naz.23b, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדברוכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes.4a, a. e. מקדימיןוכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22d top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I.

קָדַם(b. h.) (to bend, go forward, to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y.Meg.III, 74a bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספווכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israels destruction (Esth. 3:9), and he said, it is better that my childrens silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. 30:11 sq.) anticipate Hamans silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70d bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּוכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָהוכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory Ib. התורה קרמהוכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull.100a, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh.38a; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּש. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a mans own loss and his fathers loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33a קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתווכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y.Ned.IX, 42c bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִיןוכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of ones own town has the precedence over Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr. (Nif. נִקְדָּם, Taan.20a נקדמה, v. נָקַד I. Pi. קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y.Bets. V, 63a bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוותוכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr. Hif. הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקיריןוכ׳ therefore we read the section of Shḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13b לפיכךה׳ שקליהןוכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Hamans) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30a מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקרימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y.Sot.VIII, 22d bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb.106a (ref. to Lev. 4:12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שיִקְדּים; a. fr.ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber.6b כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17a לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם יכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְרֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים Pes.6b, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחרוכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money,this is interest paid in advance; a. fr. 2) to be early, zealous. Naz.23b, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדברוכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes.4a, a. e. מקדימיןוכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22d top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I.

קָדַש(b. h.) (to be cut off, separated, v. Ges. Hebr. Dict.12> s. v.; cmp. פָּרַש, to be, become pure, sacred, holy. Y.Sabb.III, 5d bot.; ib. IV, end, 7a ק׳ עליו היום the day became holy upon him, i. e. the Sabbath commenced while he was engaged in doing something. Meil.II, 8 (10a) קָרְשוּ בכלים (Talm. ed. קדשן) after they have become sacred by being put in a sacred vessel (v. infra); Shebu.11a (Ms. F. קירשן). Bekh.4b קדשו בכורותוכ׳ the firstborn in the desert were consecrated; a. fr. Pi. קִרֵּש, קִי׳ 1) to sanctify, esp. ק׳ שם שמים, or ק׳ את השם to sanctify the name of the Lord, to manifest fidelity to religion by noble deeds, by martyrdom Sot.10b; 36b יוסף שק׳ שםוכ׳ Joseph who sanctified the name … in secret (when he resisted temptation); יהודה שק׳וכ׳ Judah who sanctified … in public (when he admitted his guilt, Gen. 38:26); a. fr. 2) to sanctify, consecrate; to purify, keep pure. Ber.17a טהר וקַדֵּש עצמך מכלוכ׳ keep thyself clean and pure (aloof) from every guilt Yoma 39a (ref. to Lev. 11:44) אדם מְקַדֵּש … מְקַדְּשִׁין אותו הרבה if a man sanctifies himself a little (trains himself to self-restraint), they (the divine agencies) will help him much to sanctify him; מלמטה מקדשין אותו מלמעלה if he (sanctifies himself) below, they will sanctify him from above; בעולם הזה מקדשיןוכ׳ he in this world, they will declare him holy in the hereafter. Yeb.20a, a. e. קדש עצמך במותר לך sanctify thyself by self-restraint from what is permitted to thee. Ḥag.3b, a. e. קִדְּשָׁהּ לשעתה, v. קְדוּשָּׁה. Sebu. 15a כל הכלים … מְקַדַּשְׁתָּן is as regards all vessels that Moses made, the ointing of them gave them their sacred character; Snh.16b מקדשן (corr. acc.). Men.95b תנור מְקַדֵּש the oven (the baking of the showbread) gives it its sacred character. Ib. 100a כלי שרת מְקַרְּשִׁין the vessels of the service consecrate (the things put into them); a. v. fr.Part. pass. מְקוּדָּש; f. מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת; pl. מְקוּדָּשִׁים Sabb.55a (ref. to Ez. 9:6) א״ת מקדשי אלא מְקוּדָּשַׁיוכ׳ and not miḳdashi (my sanctuary) but mḳuddashai (my sanctified ones), that means those who fulfilled the whole Law ; Ab. Zar.4a. Zeb.115b (ref. to Ps. 68:36 מִמִּקְדָּשֶׁיךָ) read מִמְּקוּדָּשֶׁיךָוכ׳ ‘from thy sanctified ones, when the Lord passes judgment on his holy servants ; a. fr. 3) (with, or sub., ידיו ורגליו) to wash hands and feet prior to a sacred act. Yoma III, 6. Ib. IV, 5. Ib. 22a; a. fr. 4) to prepare the water of lustration (Num. 19). Par. VI, 1 המקדש ונפל הקִדּוּש על ידו if he prepares the lustration, and some of the consecrated water falls upon his hand. Ib. 2 נוטל נמקדש he may take (of the ashes) and prepare the water with them. Ib. 3 המקדש כשוקתוכ׳ he who puts ashes into a large vessel of water; a. fr. 5) (of seasons) to proclaim the sanctity of esp., a) (ק׳ החדש) to proclaim in court that the new month had begun (v. infra). R. Hash. II, 7 אם לא … אין מקדשין אותו שכבד קִדְּשוּשוּהוּ שמים unless the new moon is seen in its due time (on the evening of the twenty-ninth day), no announcement is made, for the heavens have already proclaimed it (and the new month begins with the thirty-first day). Ib. 24a בין כך … שנים אתה מקדשוכ׳ in neither case is the ceremony of announcement required, for we read (Lev. 25:10), ‘ye shall sanctify the fiftieth year, years thou must ‘sanctify Ex. R. s. 15 אני ואתם נְקַדֵּש את החדש I and you, let us (as a court) proclaim the month (of Nisan); a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. R. Hash. II, 7 ראשב״ד אומר מק׳וכ׳ the president of the court says, ‘(the new month is) proclaimed, and all the people say after him, ‘proclaimed, proclaimed. Ib. III, 1 נחקרו … ולא הספיקו לומר מק׳וכ׳ when the witnesses were examined, and the court had no time to say mḳuddash before night set in; a. e.b) ק׳ השבת, היום to pronounce the sanctity of the Sabbath, the Holy Day, to recite the Sabbath or the festive benediction (over wine), to say Ḳiddush. Pes.105a מי שלא ק׳ בע״ש מקדשוכ׳ he who fails to bless the Sabbath on the Sabbath eve, may do so during the entire day. Ib. 106b טעם אינו מקדש if a man tasted something without Ḳiddush, he must not bless the Sabbath; Ib. 107a טעם מקדש even if he has tasted something, he must bless the Sabbath. Ib. כגין זה ראוי לקַדֵּש עליו a beverage like this is fit for Ḳiddush; a. fr. 6) ק׳ אשה ( to consecrate a woman, a) to betroth (expl. Kidd.2b לישנא דרבנן דאסר לה … בהקדש the rabbinical term, in place of the Biblical קנה,because he makes her forbidden to others like a consecrated object, v. הֶקְרֵּש). Kidd.II, 1 האיש מקדש בווכ׳ a man may betroth a woman either in person or through a deputy. Ib. 41a אסור לאדם שיְקַדֵּש … עדוכ׳ a man is forbidden to betroth a woman to himself, before he has seen her. ib. II, 4 האומר … צא וקַיֵּש … והלך וקִרְּשָׁהּוכ׳ if a man said to his deputy, go and betroth to me that certain woman in that certain place, and he went and betrothed her in a different place, she is not betrothed (the betrothal is invalid); a. v. fr.Part. pass. מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת; pl. מְקוּדָּשוֹת. Ib. הרי זו מק׳ in such a case the betrothal is binding. Ib. 7; a. fr.b) (of the father of a minor נַעֲרָה) to accept a betrothal in behalf of ones daughter. Ib. 1 האיש מקדש את בתווכ׳ a man may accept his daughters betrothal, if she is a naʿărah, either in person or through a deputy. Ib. 41a אסור לאדם שיקדש את בתו יכ׳ a man is forbidden to betroth his daughter as a child, (but must wait,) until she is grown up and says, I like this man; a. fr.7) to cause a thing to be prohibited, esp. (by ref. to Deut. 22:9) by planting seeds in a vineyard, or vines among seeds; to cause condemnation. Kil. IV, 5 הזורע … ק׳ שורה אחת if a person sows within four cubits of a vineyard, he has caused the condemnation of one row of vines. Ib. V, 5 הרי זה מקדש ארבעיםוכ׳ he has made forty-five vines forbidden. Ib. VII, 2 גפן … ואינה מְקַרֶּשֶׁת to plant seeds near a dried-up vine is forbidden, but it (the vine) does not cause the condemnation of the seeds. Ib. אלו אוסרין ולא מְקַדְּשִׁין the following plants make the planting of seeds in their neighborhood forbidden, but do not cause condemnation of the seeds, if planted, or their own condemnation. Ib. 5 אין אדם מקדש דברוכ׳ no man can cause condemnation of a thing not his own. Ib. הרי זה ק׳וכ׳ he has caused the condemnation of his neighbors seeds and must pay damages; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְקַדֵּש, Nithpa. נִתְקַדֵּש 1) to be sanctified, glorified as holy. Yeb.79a מוטב … ויִתְקַדֵּש שםוכ׳ let a letter of the Law be uprooted (disregarded), but let the name of God be sanctified in public. Tanḥ. Shmini 1 מִתְקַדֵּש אני שם במכבדי: there (at the dedication of the Tabernacle) I shall be sanctified by (the death of) those that honor me. Lev. R. s. 12; a. fr. 2) to be consecrated, dedicated; (of the New Moon) to be proclaimed. R. Hash. 21b יכול … עד שיִתְקַדְּשוּוכ׳ you may have thought, as well as the Sabbath is to be disregarded (by the witnesses travelling to the seat of the court), until they (the months) are proclaimed, it may also be disregarded (by the messengers carrying the announcement), until they are established. Ex. R. s. 15 היה הכהן … והבלי מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת the priest received in it some sacred object, by which the vessel was consecrated; וכלי חול מִתְקַדֵּש and a profane vessel became sacred. Shebu.15a אין העזרה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁתוכ׳ the Temple hall was not consecrated, until the priests ate therein the remnants of the meal-offering. Ib. 16a תחתונה נִתְקַדְּשָׁה בכל אלו the lower reservoir became consecrated through all these (ceremonies mentioned); a. fr. 3) (of mixed seeds) to be condemnable, condemned. Kil. VII, 7 מאימתי … מתקרשת from what time are seeds of grain (planted among vines) to be condemned? Ib. אין מִתְקַרְּשוֹת are not to be condemned; a. fr. 4) to be betrothed. Kidd.II, 1 האשה מתקדשת בהוכ׳ a woman may be betrothed in person or through her deputy, Ib. האומר הִתְקַדְּשִׁי ליוכ׳ … if a man says to a woman, be betrothed to me with this fig. Ib. 45b נִתְקַדְּשָׁה לדעת אביה וניסתוכ׳ if she (the minor) was betrothed with her fathers consent, but was married without it; a. fr. 5) to sanctify ones self. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. II, Par. 2 מי שהוא עתיד להִתְקַדֵּש he that is ready to sanctify himself (by vowing a sacrifice). Nif. נִקְדַּש 1) to be sanctified; to become consecrated. Tem.14a כאן לִיקָּדֵש כאן ליקרב in the one case it refers to being consecrated (by being put in a sacred vessel), in the other to being offered. Bekh.4b הוזהרו … ליקדש they were admonished concerning the firatborn, that they be consecrated; a. e. 2) to be betrothed. Kidd.48a if she says, עשה לי … ואֶקָּדֵשוכ׳ make for me chains, and I shall be betrothed unto thee. Hif. הִקְדִּיש 1) to cause sanctification. Zeb.115b לא מתו … להַקְדִּיש שמווכ׳ thy (Aarons) sons died only in order to give thee an opportunity to sanctify the name of the Lord. 2) to sanctify, dedicate an object as Temple property (Lev. 27:14–24). Arakh.VI, 2 המַקְדִּיש נכסיווכ׳ if a person dedicates his property to the Temple, but owes his (divorced) wife her kthubah (כְּתוּבָּה) Ib. VII, 1 אין מַקְדִּישִׁין לפני היובלוכ׳ you cannot dedicate landed property within less than two or three years before the jubilee. Ib. 3 הִקְדִּישָׁהּ וגאלה if he dedicated and then redeemed it. Ib. 5 אין אדם מַקְדִּיש דברוכ׳ nobody can dedicate a thing not belonging to him. B. Kam.VII, 2; a. v. fr. Hof. הוּקְדַּש to be dedicated, consecrated. Meil.II, 8 המנחות … משהוּקְדָּשוּ the law concerning misappropriation of sacred things applies to meal-offerings as soon as they have been dedicated. Ib. 1 משהוּקְדָּשָׁה as soon as it has been designated for a sin-offering; a. fr.Part. מוּקְדָּש; f. מוּקְדֶּשֶׁת; pl. מוּקְדָּשִׁים Ned.V, 6 (48a) אם … הרי הם מוק׳ לשמים if they are mine, be they dedicated to the Lord. Ib. כל מתנה … מקודשת אינה מתנה (read: מוקדשת) a gift which is not made so that if the recipient dedicates it to sacred use, it is dedicated, is no gift. Bekh.V, 1 כל פסולי המוק׳ all dedicated sacrifices which became unfit for the altar; a. fr.