ann.rep.

sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.

Prop.

With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).

Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

si vis, dabo tibi testes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

si voltis,

id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

si placet,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

si populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

id. Sen. 13, 44;

four times repeated,

id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

id. 8, 7, 14.—

With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—

Imperf.:

ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

Perf.:

SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

si quid sceleste fecit,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

Tac. A. 12, 37:

miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

id. Deiot. 4, 12:

nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

Quint. 5, 10, 82.—

Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

id. B. G. 3, 12.—

Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

alte spectare si voles, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

si jam eminebit foras,

id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

si me audietis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

si quid te volam, ubi eris?

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—

Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

si potuero,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

si potuerit,

id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

si modo interpretari potuero,

id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).

Pres.:

si habeat aurum,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

si velim,

Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

si singulos numeremus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

Verg. A. 8, 560;

also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—

Imperf.:

qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

Verg. A. 11, 415;

and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

id. ib. 5, 398.—

Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

perii, si me aspexerit!

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

victus sum, si dixeris,

id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

Romani si casu intervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—

Pluperf.:

si aliter accidisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

si id fecisses,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

id. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—

Ellipt.

With pron. indef:

istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—

In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

si aliud nihil,

id. 2, 43.—

With forte:

intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

Cic. Or. 16, 51:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

id. Brut. 2, 7:

quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—

In partic.

In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—

In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

Liv. 3, 46:

adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—

Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—

In syllogistic reasonings:

si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

id. Fat. 6, 12.—

= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 48.—

Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

id. ib. 3, 75:

non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

Liv. 39, 50:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562:

Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

Liv. 1, 57.—

With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

id. ib. 6, 37:

fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7:

saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 512:

ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

id. 27, 28, 5:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

id. 5, 8:

ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—

Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

si deus si dea es,

Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

Gell. 2, 28, 3.

sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.

Prop.

With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).

Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

si vis, dabo tibi testes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

si voltis,

id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

si placet,

id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

si populus plurimum potest,

id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

id. Sen. 13, 44;

four times repeated,

id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

id. 8, 7, 14.—

With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 73:

nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—

Imperf.:

ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

id. Sest. 1.—

Perf.:

SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

si quid sceleste fecit,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

Tac. A. 12, 37:

miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

id. Deiot. 4, 12:

nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

Quint. 5, 10, 82.—

Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

id. B. G. 3, 12.—

Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

alte spectare si voles, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

si jam eminebit foras,

id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

si me audietis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

si quid te volam, ubi eris?

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—

Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

id. Lael. 4, 16:

accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

si potuero,

id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

si potuerit,

id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

si modo interpretari potuero,

id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).

Pres.:

si habeat aurum,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

si velim,

Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

si singulos numeremus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

Verg. A. 8, 560;

also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—

Imperf.:

qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

Verg. A. 11, 415;

and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

id. ib. 5, 398.—

Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

perii, si me aspexerit!

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

victus sum, si dixeris,

id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

Romani si casu intervenerint,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—

Pluperf.:

si aliter accidisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

si id fecisses,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

id. Lael. 23, 88:

si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—

Ellipt.

With pron. indef:

istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—

In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

si aliud nihil,

id. 2, 43.—

With forte:

intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—

With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

Cic. Or. 16, 51:

quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

id. Brut. 2, 7:

quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—

In partic.

In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—

In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

Liv. 3, 46:

adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—

Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—

In syllogistic reasonings:

si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

id. Fat. 6, 12.—

= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 48.—

Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

id. ib. 3, 75:

non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

Liv. 39, 50:

expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

Val. Fl. 5, 562:

Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

Liv. 1, 57.—

With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

id. ib. 6, 37:

fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

Liv. 1, 7:

saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 512:

ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

id. 27, 28, 5:

alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

id. 5, 8:

ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—

Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

si deus si dea es,

Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

Gell. 2, 28, 3.

ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].

As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.

In space.

Direction toward, to, toward, and first,

Horizontally:

fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—

In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 188:

altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—

Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.

The point or goal at which any thing arrives.

Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,

With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

ad Sullam adire,

id. ib. 25:

ad se adferre,

id. Verr. 4, 50:

reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

id. ib. 5, 27:

ad laborem adhortantur,

id. de Sen. 14:

T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—

Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

oratus sum venire ad te huc,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

eamus ad me,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—

Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

in aedem Veneris,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

in aedem Concordiae,

Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

ad Opis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

ad Castoris,

id. Quint. 17:

ad Juturnae,

id. Clu. 101:

ad Vestae,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—

With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

postea ad pistores dabo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

id. ib. 5, 3:

velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

quae institueram, ad te mittam,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —

With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

ad Veios,

Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

or when it is joined with usque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—

With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

ipse ad hostem vehitur,

Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

aliquem ad hostem ducere,

Tac. A. 2, 52:

clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

Cic. Off. 3, 24:

remedium ad tertianam,

Petr. Sat. 18:

munimen ad imbris,

Verg. G. 2, 352:

farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—

The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—

The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

Curt. 3, 9, 10:

laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

vestis ad Seras peti,

id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

deverberasse usque ad necem,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

virgis ad necem caedi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.

Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

astiterunt ad januam,

Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

non adest ad exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

aderant ad spectaculum istud,

Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

Lucr. 3, 959:

quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

haec arma habere ad manum,

Quint. 12, 5, 1:

dominum esse ad villam,

Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

errantem ad flumina,

Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

conchas ad Caietam legunt,

id. Or. 2, 6:

ad forum esse,

to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

ad dextram,

Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

ad laevam,

Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

ad dextram... ad laevam,

Liv. 40, 6;

and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.

In time, analogous to the relations given in A.

Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

domum reductus ad vesperum,

toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—

The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

ad multam noctem,

Cic. de Sen. 14:

Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8:

usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—

Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

nostra ad diem dictam fient,

id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

ad id tempus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.

The relations of number.

An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

quasi ad quadraginta minas,

as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

ad hominum milia decem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

id. B. C. 3, 53:

ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—

The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

quid ad denarium solveretur,

Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23:

ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687.

In the manifold relations of one object to another.

That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.

With verbs:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

nil est ad nos,

is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

nil ad me attinet,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

nihil ad rem pertinet,

Cic. Caecin. 58;

and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

Quid ad praetorem?

id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—

With adjectives:

ad has res perspicax,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

virum ad cetera egregium,

Liv. 37, 7, 15:

auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

difficilis (res) ad credendum,

Lucr. 2, 1027:

ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—

With nouns:

prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

mentis ad omnia caecitas,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

ad cetera paene gemelli,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

Cic. Font. 6;

facultas ad agendum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—

In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—

With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

Cic. Mur. 77:

taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

ad amussim non est numerus,

Varr. 2, 1, 26:

ad imaginem facere,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

ad cursus lunae describit annum,

Liv. 1, 19:

omnia ad diem facta sunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

ad aequos flexus,

at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

turres ad altitudiem valli,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

id. 44, 11:

ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

Suet. Ner. 31:

lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

canere ad tibiam,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

in numerum ludere,

Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

ad unguem factus homo,

a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

ad istorum normam sapientes,

Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

ad simulacrum,

Liv. 40, 6:

ad Punica ingenia,

id. 21, 22:

ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

omnia fient ad verum,

Juv. 6, 324:

quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

ad hunc modum institutus est,

id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

ad eundem istunc modum,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

Lucr. 2, 281:

ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

id. Rab. Post. 21:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26:

rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

id. Font. 36:

ad vulgi opinionem,

id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

ad instar castrorum,

Just. 36, 3, 2:

scoparum,

App. M. 9, p. 232:

speculi,

id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

ad navis feratur,

like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

ad specus angustiac vallium,

like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,

With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.

The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

Lucr. 3, 144:

ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—

The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,

is done,

is designed, or,

is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.

Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

venimus coctum ad nuptias,

in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

Sall. C. 13, 4:

ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—

Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

(in the same sense: in rem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

ad frena leones,

Verg. A. 10, 253:

delecto ad naves milite,

marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

servos ad remum,

rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

servos ad militiam emendos,

id. 22, 61, 2:

comparasti ad lecticam homines,

Cat. 10, 16:

Lygdamus ad cyathos,

Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

puer ad cyathum statuetur,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—

Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

causa ad objurgandum,

id. And. 1, 1, 123:

argumentum ad scribendum,

Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

Cato R. R. 125:

nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

Cic. Brut. 24:

reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

homo ad nullam rem utilis,

id. Off. 3, 6:

ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—

Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

terra ad universi caeli complexum,

compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

Liv. 22, 22, 15:

at nihil ad nostram hanc,

nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.

Adverbial phrases with ad.

Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

Liv. 35, 32, 4.—

Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—

Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—

Ad tempus.

At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—

At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—

For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—

According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—

Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).

For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—

Ad locum, on the spot:

ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

Liv. 27, 27, 2.—

Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—

Ad summam.

On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—

In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —

Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.

At the end, finally, at last.

Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

Liv. 21, 8, 10.—

Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,

of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—

In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

id. 28, 28, 8.—

Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—

Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.

Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—

Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

quam ad,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

ripam ad Araxis,

Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

id. ib. 12, 8.—

The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).

In composition.

Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—

Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.

Local.

To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—

At, by: astare, adesse.—

On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—

Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—

Fig.

To: adjudico, adsentior.—

At or on: admiror, adludo.—

Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—

Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—

Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—

Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

id. 5, 7, 36:

probationum,

id. 4 praef. §

6: liber spectatae fidei,

Gell. 1, 7, 1:

paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—

In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

dicta fides sequitur,

Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

res dicta secuta est,

id. ib. 4, 550):

vota fides sequitur,

id. ib. 8, 713:

promissa exhibuere fidem,

were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

en haec promissa fides est?

is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

Dig. 41, 3, 24:

tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

bonā fide = certissime,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

mala fide,

Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—

An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.

In gen.:

fide data, credamus,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

obligare fidem alicui,

to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

fidem reliquis interponere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

si fidem mecum servas,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

tecum servavi fidem,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

Liv. 24, 4, 5:

servata erga Galbam,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

in regem suum servata,

Curt. 6, 5, 2:

ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

fidem alicui praestare,

Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

non servata fides deditis est,

Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

fidem suam liberare,

to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

fidem alicujus liberare,

id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

fidem exsolvere,

Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

fidem frangere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

for which violare, v. above,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

fidem amittere,

Nep. Eum. 10:

istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—

Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

id. ib. 48, 4:

uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

id. ib. fin.:

qui Romam fide publica venerat,

id. ib. 35, 7; so,

too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

Liv. 38, 33, 3:

Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

id. ib. 33, 93:

aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

Liv. 38, 31, 2:

frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

in fide alicujus esse,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

civitas in Catonis fide locata,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

recipere aliquid in fidem,

id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

recipere aliquem in fidem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

di, obsecro vostram fidem!

your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

tuam fidem, Venus!

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

id. Lael. 15, 52;

also simply pro deum fidem,

Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

per fidem!

Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—

The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

domicilium fidei,

Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.

Fides, personified as a goddess:

praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.

fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.

Lit.

In gen.

In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

so different from nervi,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

with tibiae,

Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

Verg. A. 6, 120:

fidibus cantare alicui,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

fidibus canere praeclare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

uti,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

dicere longum melos,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

placare deos,

id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

discere,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

docere aliquem,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—

Sing. ( poet.):

sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

Teïa,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

Cyllenea,

id. Epod. 13, 9:

quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

id. C. 1, 24, 14.—

Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—

Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

in the form Fidis,

Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—

Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

gĕnus, ĕris, n. [= genos, root GEN, gigno, gens], birth, descent, origin; and concr., a race, stock, etc. (cf.: familia, gens, stirps).

Lit.

In gen.: bono genere gnati, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.:

ii, qui nobili genere nati sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

amplissimo genere natus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 4:

genere regio natus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis majoribus, at hercule, inquit, tu tuis dignus,

id. de Or. 2, 71, 286:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia sui municipii facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

esse genere divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

contempsisti L. Murenae genus, extulisti tuum,

id. Mur. 7, 15:

hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Brut. 58, 212; id. Rep. 1, 18:

adulescens, cujus spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset,

Liv. 6, 34, 11:

in famam generis ac familiae,

Quint. 3, 11, 12; 5, 10, 24:

genus Lentulorum,

id. 6, 3, 67:

Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini,

Verg. A. 5, 568:

fortuna non mutat genus,

Hor. Epod. 4, 6:

virginem plebei generis petiere juvenes, alter virgini genere par, alter, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9, 4:

qui sibi falsum nomen imposuerit, genus parentesve finxerit, etc.,

Plaut. Sent. 5, 25, 11.— Plur.:

summis gnati generibus,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 20.—

In partic., birth, for high or noble birth (mostly poet.):

cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 14: pol mihi fortuna magis nunc defit quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 394 Vahl.):

et genus et virtus, nisi cum re vilior alga est,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 37:

non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas,

id. C. 4, 7, 23:

jactes et genus et nomen inutile,

id. ib. 1, 14, 13; cf.:

cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent,

Verg. A. 5, 621:

nunc jam nobis patribus vobisque plebei promiscuus consulatus patet, nec generis, ut ante, sed virtutis est praemium,

Liv. 7, 32, 14; cf. id. 4, 4, 7.

Transf.

Like gens and stirps, a descendant, offspring, child; and collect., descendants, posterity, race ( poet.): neve tu umquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.):

credo equidem, genus esse deorum,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

Uraniae genus, Hymen,

i. e. her son, Cat. 61, 2:

audax Iapeti,

i. e. his son Prometheus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 27:

Jovis,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 609; cf. also Prop. 2, 2, 9; Hor. C. 2, 14, 18:

genus Adrasti,

i. e. Diomede, grandson of Adrastus, Ov. F. 6, 433;

so of a grandson,

id. M. 2, 743; cf.

nepotum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 4:

Tantali genus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 37:

Danai,

id. ib. 2, 14, 18:

Messi clarum genus Osci,

id. S. 1, 5, 54:

ab alto Demissum genus Aenea,

i. e. Octavianus, as the adopted son of Julius Cœsar, id. ib. 2, 5, 63:

sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

i. e. the Romans, id. C. 1, 2, 35; cf. ib. 3, 6, 18:

regium genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15. —

Of an assemblage of objects (persons, animals, plants, inanimate or abstract things) which are related or belong together in consequence of a resemblance in natural qualities; a race, stock, class, sort, species, kind (in this signif. most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

In gen.

Of living things: ne genus humanum temporis longinquitate occideret, propter hoc marem cum femina esse coniunctum, Cic. ap. Col. 12, 1 (Fragm. Cic. 1, 5 Baiter):

quod ex infinita societate generis humani ita contracta res est, etc.,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 2 fin.:

o deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 2;

for which: consulere generi hominum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12; cf.:

cum omni hominum genere,

id. ib. 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

solivagum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25: potens vir cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor ejus habebatur, i. e. among the Plebeians, Liv. 6, 34, 5: Graium genus, the Grecian race, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 149 Vahl.):

virtus est propria Romani generis atque seminis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13; cf. id. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

Ubii, paulo quam sunt ejusdem generis et ceteris humaniores,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3; cf.

also: impellit alios (Aeduos) iracundia et temeritas, quae maxime illi hominum generi est innata,

race of men, id. ib. 7, 42, 2; so, like gens, of nations, peoples, tribes: ferox, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. s. v. insolens, p. 241 Lind. (Hist. 1, 14 Gerl.); Liv. 34, 7, 6:

implacidum (Genauni),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 10:

durum ac velox (Ligures),

Flor. 2, 3, 4:

omne in paludes diffugerat,

id. 3, 10, 14:

Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9:

Numidarum,

Liv. 30, 12, 18:

genus omne nomenque Macedonum,

id. 13, 44, 6; Nep. Reg. 2:

Italici generis multi mortales,

Sall. J. 47, 1:

Illyriorum,

Liv. 27, 32, 4; 27, 48, 10; 42, 47 fin.:

Scytharum,

Just. 2, 3, 16; Tac. H. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 37; Vell. 2, 118, 1.—In plur.:

conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36, 1:

olim isti fuit generi quondam quaestus apud saeclum prius... est genus hominum, qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt,

class of men, profession, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15 and 17:

firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), cujus generis est magna penuria,

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

saepius genus ejus hominis (sc. procuratoris rei publicae) erit in reliqua nobis oratione tractandum,

id. Rep. 2, 29 fin.; cf.:

genus aliud tyrannorum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

judicum genus et forma,

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

istius generis asoti,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; cf.:

omnium ejus generis poëtarum haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

liberrimum hominum,

id. 10, 12, 2, § 22:

irritabile vatum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102:

hoc omne (ambubajarum, etc.),

id. S. 1, 2, 2:

hominum virile, muliebre,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35:

equidem fabulam et fictam rem ducebam esse, virorum omne genus in aliqua insula conjuratione muliebri ab stirpe sublatum esse,

Liv. 34, 2, 3:

cedat consulari generi praetorium,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15:

ad militare genus = ad milites,

Liv. 24, 32, 2:

alia militaris generis turba,

id. 44, 45, 13:

castellani, agreste genus,

id. 34, 27, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Sing. with plur. predicate:

Ministrantibus sibi omni genere turpium personarum,

Capitol. Ver. 4.—In plur.:

eorum hominum... genera sunt duo,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1:

tria auditorum,

Quint. 3, 4, 6.— Repeated in the relative-clause:

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96.—In the acc., of description (v. Roby's Gram. 2, p. 42 sq.):

quot et quod genus pastores habendi,

of what kind, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

quod genus ii sunt, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 48; cf. in the foll.—

Of animals, plants, etc.: genus altivolantum, the race of birds, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 84 Vahl.); cf.: genu' pennis condecoratum, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59:

lanigerum, id. Fragm. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. Cyprio, p. 59 Müll.: squamigerum,

Lucr. 1, 162; cf.

piscium,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 9:

silvestre,

Lucr. 5, 1411:

omne ferarum,

id. 5, 1338:

acre leonum,

id. 5, 862:

malefici generis plurima animalia,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

diversum confusa genus panthera camelo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195:

animantūm propagare genus,

to propagate the race, Lucr. 1, 195:

ad genus faciendum,

Just. 2, 9 fin.:

juxta genus suum,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 11 saep.— Plur.:

quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum!

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

piscium genera,

Quint. 5, 10, 21.—In the acc., of description:

porticus avibus omne genus oppletae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11:

pascuntur omne genus objecto frumento,

id. ib. 3, 6:

boves et id genus pecua,

App. M. 2, p. 115, 4; id. Flor. p. 37. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things, kind, sort, description, class, order, character:

genus ullum materiaï,

Lucr. 2, 304:

cum is (sol) quoque efficiat, ut omnia floreant et in suo quaeque genere pubescant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 2:

cibi genus,

id. ib. 4, 1, 9:

cum omni genere commeatus,

Liv. 30, 36, 2:

frugum,

id. 38, 15, 9:

hoc sphaerae genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus,

id. ib. 2, 23:

regale civitatis,

id. ib.; cf.:

totum regiae civitatis,

id. ib. 2, 29:

novum imperii,

id. ib. 2, 32:

ipsum istud genus orationis exspecto,

id. ib. 1, 24 fin.; cf.: dulce orationis, id. Or. 13, 42:

qua re esset hoc bellum genere ipso necessarium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:

genus hoc erat pugnae, quo, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4:

potestas annua (consulum) genere ipso ac jure regia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32:

genus vitae... genus aetatis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

optimum emendandi,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

dicendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Quint. 8, 3, 56; 12, 10, 69:

simplex rectumque loquendi,

id. 9, 3, 3:

omnis generis tormenta,

Liv. 32, 16, 10:

praeda ingens omnis generis,

id. 27, 5, 9; so,

omnis generis, with tela,

id. 38, 26, 4;

with naves,

id. 34, 8, 5;

with eloquentia,

id. 39, 40, 7, etc.—Repeated in the relative-clause:

erat haec (ratio) ex eodem genere, quod ego maxime genus ex sociorum litteris reperire cupiebam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183.—In plur.:

Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1:

disserere de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 26;

28: genera juris institutorum, morum consuetudinumque describere,

id. ib. 3, 10:

genera furandi,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18.—In the acc., of description: omne, hoc, id, quod genus, for omnis, ejus, hujus, cujus generis, of every, of this, of which kind:

sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1:

omne genus simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 735:

si hoc genus rebus non proficitur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23; id. L. L. 9, § 110 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 917 and Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

in id genus verbis,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 79; 8, 7, 108, § 17:

in id genus libris,

Gell. 3, 8, 1:

scis me ante orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3:

vitanda sunt illa, quae propinqua videntur: quod genus, fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia, etc.,

for example, id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; so ib. 2, 52, 157; 2, 54, 162; 2, 57, 172; Lucr. 4, 271; 6, 1058:

lege jus est id quod populi jussu sanctum est, quod genus: ut in jus eas cum voceris,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; cf.

ib. sqq.— In gen.: i. q. res or aliquid: ut in omni genere hujus populi (Graeci) consuetudinem videretur imitatus,

in all respects, in everything, Cic. Rep. 2, 20; cf.:

innumerabiles res sunt, in quibus te quotidie in omni genere desiderem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 2 fin.:

incredibile est, quam me in omni genere delectarit,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

medici assiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens,

id. ib. 12, 33, 2;

7, 1, 2: qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus dicitur,

in any respect whatever, id. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

qua de re et de hoc genere toto pauca cognosce,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—Adverb.: in genus, in general, generally:

sermones in genus communes,

Gell. 4, 1 fin. —

In partic.

In philos. lang., opp. partes, and comprising them within itself, a general term, logical genus:

genus est id, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189; cf.: genus est, quod plures partes amplectitur, ut animal;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut equus. Sed saepe eadem res alii genus, alii pars est: nam homo animalis pars est, Thebani aut Trojani genus,

id. de Inv. 1, 22, 32: genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut cupiditati amor, avaritia,

id. ib. 1, 28, 42; cf.

also: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec vero sine philosophorum disciplina genus et speciem cujusque rei cernere neque eam definiendo explicare nec tribuere in partes possumus, etc.,

id. Or. 4, 16; cf. ib. 33, 117:

formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles,

id. de Or. 3, 9, 34:

perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 24; cf. ib. 5, 25, 71:

et conjuncta quaeremus, et genera et partes generibus subjectas, et similitudines, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 166;

opp. species and pars,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3.—

In gram., gender: transversi sunt (ordines) qui ab recto casu obliqui declinantur, ut albus, albi, albo;

directi sunt, qui ab recto casu in rectos declinantur, ut albus, alba, album. Transversorum ordinum partes appellantur casus, directorum genera: utrisque inter se implicatis forma,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 22 Müll.:

quod ad verborum temporalium rationem attinet, cum partes sint quatuor: temporum, personarum, generum, divisionum, etc.,

ib. 9, § 95:

in nominibus tria genera,

Quint. 1, 4, 23:

barbarismum fieri per numeros aut genera,

id. 1, 5, [p. 811] 16;

9, 3, 6: in verbis quoque quis est adeo imperitus, ut ignoret genera et qualitates, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 27.

gĕnus, ūs, v. genu.

sancĭo, xi, ctum, 4 ( pluperf. sancierat, Pompon. ap. Diom. p. 368 P.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 904 ib.:

sancivi,

Prisc. 904; Diom. 368; part. perf. sancitum, Lucr. 1, 587; Cass. Sev. ap. Diom. l. l.), v. a. [Sanscr. root sac, sak, to accompany, honor (cf. sequor); whence also sacer; cf. Gr. HaG, hagios, hagnos], to render sacred or inviolable by a religious act; to appoint as sacred or inviolable.

Lit., mostly of legal ordinances or other public proceedings, to fix unalterably; to establish, appoint, decree, ordain; also, to make irrevocable or unalterable; to enact, confirm, ratify, sanction (freq. and class.; cf.: caveo, scisco).

Sancire legem (jus, foedus, etc.):

legibus istis, quas senatus de ambitu sancire voluerit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 18, 44:

Cretum leges, quas sive Juppiter sive Minos sanxit,

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

quasdam leges ex integro sanxit,

Suet. Aug. 34; and:

sancire legem, Ne quis, etc.,

Liv. 3, 55:

tabulas Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 24:

quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam,

id. S. 1, 3, 67:

legem sanciendo,

Liv. 3, 55 et saep.— Pass.:

haec igitur lex sanciatur, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40, and 13, 44; cf.:

M. Valerius consul de provocatione legem tulit diligentius sanctam,

Liv. 10, 9:

sacrosanctum esse nihil potest, nisi quod populus plebesve sanxisset,

Cic. Balb. 14, 33:

sanxisset jura nobis,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 18: jus utile civitati, Pompon. ap. Prisc. p. 904:

in quibus (legibus) illa eadem sancta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cum aut morte tuā sancienda sint consulum imperia, aut impunitate in perpetuum abroganda,

Liv. 8, 7:

SENTENTIAM,

Inscr. Orell. 4405:

foedus,

to ratify the treaty, Liv. 1, 24; so Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

foedera sanguine,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 13; Liv. 23, 8 fin.; 25, 16; Tac. A. 12, 46; cf. poet.:

foedera fulmine,

Verg. A. 12, 200.—

Sancire lege (edicto, etc.) aliquid, de aliquā re, ut, ne, etc.:

alia moribus confirmarunt, sanxerunt autem alia legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

genus id agrorum certo capite legis confirmari atque sanciri,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

quod aedilis plebis fuisset, contra quam sanctum legibus erat,

Liv. 30, 19:

ne res efferatur jurejurando ac fide sanciatur petunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 39, 37:

neque enim rogationibus plebisve scitis sancta sunt ista praecepta,

Quint. 2, 13, 6:

coetibus ac sacrificiis conspirationem civitatum,

Tac. Agr. 27:

eadem fuit (causa) nihil de hac re lege sanciendi,

Liv. 34, 4:

nihil lege ullā in alios sanxit,

Just. 3, 2, 8:

de jure praediorum sanctum apud nos est jure civili, ut, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65:

inhumanissimā lege sanxerunt, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

habeat legibus sanctum, Si quis...uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20:

lege naturae, communi jure gentium sanctum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Har. Resp. 14, 32:

primo duodecim tabulis sanctum, ne quis, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 16:

Flaccus sanxit edicto, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 28, 67:

in omne tempus gravi documento sancirent, ne, etc.,

Liv. 28, 19:

nec, quominus id postea liceret, ulla lex sanxit,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3.—

Without abl.:

de quibus confirmandis et sanciendis legem comitiis centuriatis laturus est,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

acta Caesaris,

id. Att. 14, 21, 2:

quae dubia sunt, per vos sancire vult,

id. Agr. 3 4, 13:

augurem Jovis optimi maximi,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

cum de eo nihil sanxerit, quod antea commissum non erat,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

quid est, quod tam accurate tamque diligenter caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101.—

With acc. and inf.:

rursus fide sanxerunt liberos Tarentinos leges suaque omnia habituros,

Liv. 25, 8:

omnes liberos esse sanxit,

Suet. Claud. 25.—

Lex sancit, decrees, ordains (with acc. or obj.-clause):

at hoc Valeria lex non dicit, Corneliae leges non sanciunt,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 8:

consularis lex sanxit, ne qui magistratus sine provocatione crearetur,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

res et ab naturā profectas et ab consuetudine probatas, legum metus et religio sanxit,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 160.—

Poet., with relative-clause:

quid quaeque queant, per foedera naturaï, Quid porro nequeant, sancitum quandoquidem exstat,

Lucr. 1, 587. —

To render sacred to any one, to devote, consecrate, dedicate:

sancire alicui carmina,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 215; cf. id. Th. 11, 344: templum, Coripp. 4, 264.—

Transf., to forbid under pain of punishment, to enact a penalty against (very rare):

incestum pontifices supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

noxiae poena par esto, ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur: vis capite, avaritia multa, honoris cupiditas ignominiā sanciatur,

id. ib. 3, 20, 46; id. Planc. 19, 47:

hoc (sc. insidiae) quamquam video neque more turpe haberi, neque aut lege sanciri aut jure civili: tamen naturae lege sanctum est,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

erranti viam non monstrare, quod Athenis exsecrationibus publicis sanctum est,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55:

Solon capite sanxit, si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset,

made it a capital offence, id. Att. 10, 1, 2.—With abl. of fine:

injurias factas quinque et viginti assibus sanxerunt,

Gell. 20, 1, 31.—Hence, sanc-tus, a, um, P. a.

Orig., rendered sacred, established as inviolable, i. e. sacred, inviolable (whereas sacer signifies consecrated to a deity. Thus, e. g., a temple, grove, or the like, is sacer locus;

but sanctus locus is any public place which it is forbidden to injure or disturb. A sacer locus is also sanctus, but the converse is not always true): proprie dicimus sancta, quae neque sacra neque profana sunt, sed sanctione quādam confirmata, ut leges sanctae sunt, quia sanctione quādam sunt subnixae. Quod enim sanctione quādam subnixum est, id sanctum est, etsi deo non sit consecratum,

Dig. 1, 8, 9:

sanctum est, quod ab injuriā hominum defensum atque munitum est...In municipiis quoque muros esse sanctos,

ib. 1, 8, 8; cf.:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae,

ib. 1, 8, 1:

campus,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

tribuni ejus (plebis) essent sanctique sunto,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9 (cf. sacrosanctus):

societas,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26; id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

fides induciarum,

Liv. 8, 37:

nullum esse officium, nullum jus tam sanctum atque integrum, quod non ejus scelus atque perfidia violarit et imminuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so,

officium,

id. Quint. 6, 26:

poëtae...poëtae nomen,

id. Arch. 8, 18 sq. —Hence, aerarium sanctius, a special treasure of the State, which was only to be used in cases of extreme necessity (v. aerarium).—Of persons:

hospites ab injuriā prohibent sanctosque habent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

ut vestris etiam legionibus sanctus essem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 60:

uxor,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 30.—Because to the idea of inviolability is readily attached that of exalted worth, of sacredness, or divinity (as, on the contrary, our word sacred afterward received the meaning of inviolable, e. g. sacred rights, a sacred promise, sacred honor, etc.), sanctus denotes,

Venerable, august, divine, sacred, pure, holy (very freq. and class.); of a divinity, and of things in any way belonging to one: Saturno sancte create, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 607 Vahl.): Juno Saturnia sancta dearum, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 ib.): teque pater Tiberine (veneror) tuo cum flumine sancto, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 55 ib.):

numen,

Lucr. 5, 309; 6, 70:

sedes deum,

id. 5, 147; Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:

fana,

Lucr. 5, 74:

delubra,

id. 6, 417; 6, 1272:

sanctus augustusque fons,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

sanctior dies (with sollemnis),

Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

ignes (of a sacrifice),

Verg. A. 3, 406 et saep.—

After Augustus,

a title given to the emperors, Ov. F. 2, 127; Val. Fl. 1, 11:

sanctius et reverentius est visum nomen Augusti,

Flor. 4, 12, 66:

intra limina sanctioris aulae,

Mart. 5, 6, 8 (al. aevi):

amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 15:

libertas,

Liv. 3, 52:

pudicitia,

id. 3, 52.—

Of character, morally pure, good, innocent, pious, holy, just, etc. (freq. and class.): cum esset ille vir exemplum innocentiae, cumque illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate neque sanctior, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229; cf.:

sanctissimi viri,

id. Lael. 11, 39:

homines frugalissimi, sanctissimi,

id. Fl. 29, 71:

sancti et religiosi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; cf.:

qui sunt sancti, qui religionum colentes,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

vir in publicis religionibus foederum sanctus et diligens,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 49: veteres et sancti viri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

sanctius consilium,

Liv. 30, 16; cf.:

jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum,

Verg. A. 1, 426:

da (mihi) justo sanctoque videri,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 61:

Dareus ut erat sanctus et mitis,

Curt. 3, 8, 5:

amores,

pure, chaste, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf.:

virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 27:

sanctissima conjux,

Verg. A. 11, 158:

pudor,

Tib. 1, 3, 83:

mores (with pudicitia),

Juv. 10, 298 et saep.:

me quidem id multo magis movet, quod mihi est et sanctius antiquius,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 4:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6; cf.:

est et sancta et gravis oratio (Calvi),

Quint. 10, 1, 115; so comp.:

oratio,

id. 8, 3, 24:

genus orationis,

id. 4, 2, 125:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 4:

manus sanctas habere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8:

sanctissima disciplina (Stoicorum),

Gell. 1, 2, 7; cf. Lucr. 3, 371. —

In eccl. Lat., substt.

sanctus, i, m., a saint, holy man:

sancti tui,

Vulg. 2 Par. 6, 41:

omnes sancti ejus,

id. Psa. 30, 24. —

sanctum, i, n., a holy place; esp.:

sanctum sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 26, 34 et saep.:

in sancto habitas,

id. Psa. 21, 4.—Also in plur.:

sancta sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 40, 11 et saep.: violare sancta, id. Judith, 9, 11. — Adv.: sanctē (acc. to B.), solemnly, conscientiously, scrupulously, religiously, with holy awe, etc.:

jurare,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112; Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 4:

adjurare,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 27; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26:

nimis sancte pius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

pie sancteque colimus naturam excellentem,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

auguste sancteque consecrare,

id. ib. 2, 24, 62:

disce verecundo sanctius ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

multa sunt severius scripta quam in antiquis legibus et sanctius,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 8:

se sanctissime gerere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 13:

te sancte precor,

Liv. 2, 10:

illae (tabulae) servantur sancte,

scrupulously, religiously, Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 7; cf.:

me ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio, sanctissime esse observaturum,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 5:

virgines tam sancte habuit,

Curt. 3, 12, 21:

exempla conservatae sanctissime utrobique opinionis,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

apud Sallustium dicta sancte et antique,

purely, chastely, id. 8, 3, 44.

sancĭo, xi, ctum, 4 ( pluperf. sancierat, Pompon. ap. Diom. p. 368 P.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 904 ib.:

sancivi,

Prisc. 904; Diom. 368; part. perf. sancitum, Lucr. 1, 587; Cass. Sev. ap. Diom. l. l.), v. a. [Sanscr. root sac, sak, to accompany, honor (cf. sequor); whence also sacer; cf. Gr. HaG, hagios, hagnos], to render sacred or inviolable by a religious act; to appoint as sacred or inviolable.

Lit., mostly of legal ordinances or other public proceedings, to fix unalterably; to establish, appoint, decree, ordain; also, to make irrevocable or unalterable; to enact, confirm, ratify, sanction (freq. and class.; cf.: caveo, scisco).

Sancire legem (jus, foedus, etc.):

legibus istis, quas senatus de ambitu sancire voluerit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 18, 44:

Cretum leges, quas sive Juppiter sive Minos sanxit,

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

quasdam leges ex integro sanxit,

Suet. Aug. 34; and:

sancire legem, Ne quis, etc.,

Liv. 3, 55:

tabulas Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 24:

quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam,

id. S. 1, 3, 67:

legem sanciendo,

Liv. 3, 55 et saep.— Pass.:

haec igitur lex sanciatur, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40, and 13, 44; cf.:

M. Valerius consul de provocatione legem tulit diligentius sanctam,

Liv. 10, 9:

sacrosanctum esse nihil potest, nisi quod populus plebesve sanxisset,

Cic. Balb. 14, 33:

sanxisset jura nobis,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 18: jus utile civitati, Pompon. ap. Prisc. p. 904:

in quibus (legibus) illa eadem sancta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cum aut morte tuā sancienda sint consulum imperia, aut impunitate in perpetuum abroganda,

Liv. 8, 7:

SENTENTIAM,

Inscr. Orell. 4405:

foedus,

to ratify the treaty, Liv. 1, 24; so Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

foedera sanguine,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 13; Liv. 23, 8 fin.; 25, 16; Tac. A. 12, 46; cf. poet.:

foedera fulmine,

Verg. A. 12, 200.—

Sancire lege (edicto, etc.) aliquid, de aliquā re, ut, ne, etc.:

alia moribus confirmarunt, sanxerunt autem alia legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

genus id agrorum certo capite legis confirmari atque sanciri,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

quod aedilis plebis fuisset, contra quam sanctum legibus erat,

Liv. 30, 19:

ne res efferatur jurejurando ac fide sanciatur petunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 39, 37:

neque enim rogationibus plebisve scitis sancta sunt ista praecepta,

Quint. 2, 13, 6:

coetibus ac sacrificiis conspirationem civitatum,

Tac. Agr. 27:

eadem fuit (causa) nihil de hac re lege sanciendi,

Liv. 34, 4:

nihil lege ullā in alios sanxit,

Just. 3, 2, 8:

de jure praediorum sanctum apud nos est jure civili, ut, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65:

inhumanissimā lege sanxerunt, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

habeat legibus sanctum, Si quis...uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20:

lege naturae, communi jure gentium sanctum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Har. Resp. 14, 32:

primo duodecim tabulis sanctum, ne quis, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 16:

Flaccus sanxit edicto, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 28, 67:

in omne tempus gravi documento sancirent, ne, etc.,

Liv. 28, 19:

nec, quominus id postea liceret, ulla lex sanxit,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3.—

Without abl.:

de quibus confirmandis et sanciendis legem comitiis centuriatis laturus est,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

acta Caesaris,

id. Att. 14, 21, 2:

quae dubia sunt, per vos sancire vult,

id. Agr. 3 4, 13:

augurem Jovis optimi maximi,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

cum de eo nihil sanxerit, quod antea commissum non erat,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

quid est, quod tam accurate tamque diligenter caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101.—

With acc. and inf.:

rursus fide sanxerunt liberos Tarentinos leges suaque omnia habituros,

Liv. 25, 8:

omnes liberos esse sanxit,

Suet. Claud. 25.—

Lex sancit, decrees, ordains (with acc. or obj.-clause):

at hoc Valeria lex non dicit, Corneliae leges non sanciunt,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 8:

consularis lex sanxit, ne qui magistratus sine provocatione crearetur,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

res et ab naturā profectas et ab consuetudine probatas, legum metus et religio sanxit,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 160.—

Poet., with relative-clause:

quid quaeque queant, per foedera naturaï, Quid porro nequeant, sancitum quandoquidem exstat,

Lucr. 1, 587. —

To render sacred to any one, to devote, consecrate, dedicate:

sancire alicui carmina,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 215; cf. id. Th. 11, 344: templum, Coripp. 4, 264.—

Transf., to forbid under pain of punishment, to enact a penalty against (very rare):

incestum pontifices supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

noxiae poena par esto, ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur: vis capite, avaritia multa, honoris cupiditas ignominiā sanciatur,

id. ib. 3, 20, 46; id. Planc. 19, 47:

hoc (sc. insidiae) quamquam video neque more turpe haberi, neque aut lege sanciri aut jure civili: tamen naturae lege sanctum est,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

erranti viam non monstrare, quod Athenis exsecrationibus publicis sanctum est,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55:

Solon capite sanxit, si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset,

made it a capital offence, id. Att. 10, 1, 2.—With abl. of fine:

injurias factas quinque et viginti assibus sanxerunt,

Gell. 20, 1, 31.—Hence, sanc-tus, a, um, P. a.

Orig., rendered sacred, established as inviolable, i. e. sacred, inviolable (whereas sacer signifies consecrated to a deity. Thus, e. g., a temple, grove, or the like, is sacer locus;

but sanctus locus is any public place which it is forbidden to injure or disturb. A sacer locus is also sanctus, but the converse is not always true): proprie dicimus sancta, quae neque sacra neque profana sunt, sed sanctione quādam confirmata, ut leges sanctae sunt, quia sanctione quādam sunt subnixae. Quod enim sanctione quādam subnixum est, id sanctum est, etsi deo non sit consecratum,

Dig. 1, 8, 9:

sanctum est, quod ab injuriā hominum defensum atque munitum est...In municipiis quoque muros esse sanctos,

ib. 1, 8, 8; cf.:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae,

ib. 1, 8, 1:

campus,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

tribuni ejus (plebis) essent sanctique sunto,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9 (cf. sacrosanctus):

societas,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26; id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

fides induciarum,

Liv. 8, 37:

nullum esse officium, nullum jus tam sanctum atque integrum, quod non ejus scelus atque perfidia violarit et imminuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so,

officium,

id. Quint. 6, 26:

poëtae...poëtae nomen,

id. Arch. 8, 18 sq. —Hence, aerarium sanctius, a special treasure of the State, which was only to be used in cases of extreme necessity (v. aerarium).—Of persons:

hospites ab injuriā prohibent sanctosque habent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

ut vestris etiam legionibus sanctus essem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 60:

uxor,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 30.—Because to the idea of inviolability is readily attached that of exalted worth, of sacredness, or divinity (as, on the contrary, our word sacred afterward received the meaning of inviolable, e. g. sacred rights, a sacred promise, sacred honor, etc.), sanctus denotes,

Venerable, august, divine, sacred, pure, holy (very freq. and class.); of a divinity, and of things in any way belonging to one: Saturno sancte create, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 607 Vahl.): Juno Saturnia sancta dearum, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 ib.): teque pater Tiberine (veneror) tuo cum flumine sancto, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 55 ib.):

numen,

Lucr. 5, 309; 6, 70:

sedes deum,

id. 5, 147; Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:

fana,

Lucr. 5, 74:

delubra,

id. 6, 417; 6, 1272:

sanctus augustusque fons,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

sanctior dies (with sollemnis),

Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

ignes (of a sacrifice),

Verg. A. 3, 406 et saep.—

After Augustus,

a title given to the emperors, Ov. F. 2, 127; Val. Fl. 1, 11:

sanctius et reverentius est visum nomen Augusti,

Flor. 4, 12, 66:

intra limina sanctioris aulae,

Mart. 5, 6, 8 (al. aevi):

amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 15:

libertas,

Liv. 3, 52:

pudicitia,

id. 3, 52.—

Of character, morally pure, good, innocent, pious, holy, just, etc. (freq. and class.): cum esset ille vir exemplum innocentiae, cumque illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate neque sanctior, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229; cf.:

sanctissimi viri,

id. Lael. 11, 39:

homines frugalissimi, sanctissimi,

id. Fl. 29, 71:

sancti et religiosi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; cf.:

qui sunt sancti, qui religionum colentes,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

vir in publicis religionibus foederum sanctus et diligens,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 49: veteres et sancti viri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

sanctius consilium,

Liv. 30, 16; cf.:

jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum,

Verg. A. 1, 426:

da (mihi) justo sanctoque videri,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 61:

Dareus ut erat sanctus et mitis,

Curt. 3, 8, 5:

amores,

pure, chaste, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf.:

virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 27:

sanctissima conjux,

Verg. A. 11, 158:

pudor,

Tib. 1, 3, 83:

mores (with pudicitia),

Juv. 10, 298 et saep.:

me quidem id multo magis movet, quod mihi est et sanctius antiquius,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 4:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6; cf.:

est et sancta et gravis oratio (Calvi),

Quint. 10, 1, 115; so comp.:

oratio,

id. 8, 3, 24:

genus orationis,

id. 4, 2, 125:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 4:

manus sanctas habere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8:

sanctissima disciplina (Stoicorum),

Gell. 1, 2, 7; cf. Lucr. 3, 371. —

In eccl. Lat., substt.

sanctus, i, m., a saint, holy man:

sancti tui,

Vulg. 2 Par. 6, 41:

omnes sancti ejus,

id. Psa. 30, 24. —

sanctum, i, n., a holy place; esp.:

sanctum sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 26, 34 et saep.:

in sancto habitas,

id. Psa. 21, 4.—Also in plur.:

sancta sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 40, 11 et saep.: violare sancta, id. Judith, 9, 11. — Adv.: sanctē (acc. to B.), solemnly, conscientiously, scrupulously, religiously, with holy awe, etc.:

jurare,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112; Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 4:

adjurare,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 27; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26:

nimis sancte pius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

pie sancteque colimus naturam excellentem,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

auguste sancteque consecrare,

id. ib. 2, 24, 62:

disce verecundo sanctius ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

multa sunt severius scripta quam in antiquis legibus et sanctius,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 8:

se sanctissime gerere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 13:

te sancte precor,

Liv. 2, 10:

illae (tabulae) servantur sancte,

scrupulously, religiously, Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 7; cf.:

me ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio, sanctissime esse observaturum,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 5:

virgines tam sancte habuit,

Curt. 3, 12, 21:

exempla conservatae sanctissime utrobique opinionis,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

apud Sallustium dicta sancte et antique,

purely, chastely, id. 8, 3, 44.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).

With advv.:

hau longe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:

hau longe abesse oportet,

id. Am. 1, 1, 166:

haut sane diu est,

it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:

haud sane commodum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:

haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.

also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,

id. de Sen. 2, 4:

haud sane facile,

id. ib. 23, 83:

facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ita jussi,

id. ib. 5, 4, 52:

haud ita est,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:

eia, haud sic decet,

id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:

haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:

aliter hau dicetis,

id. Most. 1, 2, 15:

haud aliter censeo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.

also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,

Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;

and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:

haud diu est,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:

scies hau multo post,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:

haud paulo plus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

haud minus aegre patior,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:

haud minus,

Liv. 2, 60, 3:

Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,

Tac. A. 11, 33:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,

haud facile,

Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

id. ib. 14, 5:

haud cito,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):

haud temere est visum,

Verg. A. 9, 375:

familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:

haud stulte sapis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:

haud commode,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:

consul haud dubie jam victor,

Sall. J. 102, 1:

Vergilius haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:

morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

haud cunctanter,

Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —

With adjj.:

id esse hau perlonginquom,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

in aetate hau bonum'st,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):

hau mala'st mulier,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

anus haud impura,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:

servum haud illiberalem praebes te,

id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:

haud mediocris vir,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

haut consimili ingenio,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:

compendium haut aetati optabile,

id. ib. 1, 2, 51:

hau permultum attulit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 86:

haud mirabile est,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:

bene dicere haut absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:

ingenium ejus haut absurdum,

id. ib. 25, 5:

haud ignotae belli artes,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

annus haud dubiis consulibus,

id. 4, 8;

v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—

With pronn.:

haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,

no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:

eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,

id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

faxo haut quicquam sit morae,

id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:

hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,

id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:

haud pol me quidem,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—

With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:

Verum haut opinor,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:

hauscio, quid eo opus sit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 15:

hau nosco tuum,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:

quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:

hau moror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;

Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:

facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,

id. ib. 1, 1, 30:

ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,

id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:

nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

quod somno supererit, haud deerit,

Quint. 10, 3, 26:

haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,

it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;

v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,

not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,

hau vidi magis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:

neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:

neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,

id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:

post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?

id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,

Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.

haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):

concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?

Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—

haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):

haudquaquam etiam cessant,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:

haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 22, 82:

haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,

id. Univ. 11:

homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,

id. Lael. 18, 66:

haudquaquam par gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2:

haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,

Liv. 7, 26, 8:

tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,

Verg. G. 4, 455:

haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,

id. A. 12, 45 al.

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).

With advv.:

hau longe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:

hau longe abesse oportet,

id. Am. 1, 1, 166:

haut sane diu est,

it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:

haud sane commodum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:

haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.

also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,

id. de Sen. 2, 4:

haud sane facile,

id. ib. 23, 83:

facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ita jussi,

id. ib. 5, 4, 52:

haud ita est,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:

eia, haud sic decet,

id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:

haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:

aliter hau dicetis,

id. Most. 1, 2, 15:

haud aliter censeo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.

also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,

Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;

and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:

haud diu est,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:

scies hau multo post,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:

haud paulo plus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

haud minus aegre patior,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:

haud minus,

Liv. 2, 60, 3:

Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,

Tac. A. 11, 33:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,

haud facile,

Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

id. ib. 14, 5:

haud cito,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):

haud temere est visum,

Verg. A. 9, 375:

familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:

haud stulte sapis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:

haud commode,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:

consul haud dubie jam victor,

Sall. J. 102, 1:

Vergilius haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:

morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

haud cunctanter,

Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —

With adjj.:

id esse hau perlonginquom,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

in aetate hau bonum'st,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):

hau mala'st mulier,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

anus haud impura,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:

servum haud illiberalem praebes te,

id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:

haud mediocris vir,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

haut consimili ingenio,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:

compendium haut aetati optabile,

id. ib. 1, 2, 51:

hau permultum attulit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 86:

haud mirabile est,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:

bene dicere haut absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:

ingenium ejus haut absurdum,

id. ib. 25, 5:

haud ignotae belli artes,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

annus haud dubiis consulibus,

id. 4, 8;

v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—

With pronn.:

haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,

no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:

eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,

id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

faxo haut quicquam sit morae,

id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:

hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,

id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:

haud pol me quidem,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—

With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:

Verum haut opinor,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:

hauscio, quid eo opus sit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 15:

hau nosco tuum,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:

quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:

hau moror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;

Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:

facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,

id. ib. 1, 1, 30:

ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,

id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:

nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15:

quod somno supererit, haud deerit,

Quint. 10, 3, 26:

haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,

it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;

v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,

not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,

hau vidi magis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:

neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:

neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,

id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:

post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?

id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,

Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.

haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):

concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?

Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—

haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):

haudquaquam etiam cessant,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:

haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 22, 82:

haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,

id. Univ. 11:

homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,

id. Lael. 18, 66:

haudquaquam par gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2:

haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,

Liv. 7, 26, 8:

tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,

Verg. G. 4, 455:

haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,

id. A. 12, 45 al.

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).

With advv.:

hau longe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:

hau longe abesse oportet,

id. Am. 1, 1, 166:

haut sane diu est,

it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:

haud sane commodum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:

haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.

also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,

id. de Sen. 2, 4:

haud sane facile,

id. ib. 23, 83:

facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ita jussi,

id. ib. 5, 4, 52:

haud ita est,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:

eia, haud sic decet,

id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:

haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:

aliter hau dicetis,

id. Most. 1, 2, 15:

haud aliter censeo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.

also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,

Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;

and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:

haud diu est,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:

scies hau multo post,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:

haud paulo plus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

haud minus aegre patior,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:

haud minus,

Liv. 2, 60, 3:

Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,

Tac. A. 11, 33:

sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,

haud facile,

Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

id. ib. 14, 5:

haud cito,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):

haud temere est visum,

Verg. A. 9, 375:

familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:

haud stulte sapis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:

haud commode,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:

consul haud dubie jam victor,

Sall. J. 102, 1:

Vergilius haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:

morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

haud cunctanter,

Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —

With adjj.:

id esse hau perlonginquom,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

in aetate hau bonum'st,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):

hau mala'st mulier,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:

anus haud impura,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:

servum haud illiberalem praebes te,

id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:

haud mediocris vir,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

haut consimili ingenio,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:

compendium haut aetati optabile,

id. ib. 1, 2, 51:

hau permultum attulit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 86:

haud mirabile est,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:

bene dicere haut absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:

ingenium ejus haut absurdum,

id. ib. 25, 5:

haud ignotae belli artes,

Liv. 21, 1, 2:

annus haud dubiis consulibus,

id. 4, 8;

v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—