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advocated

  • 1 bȏrvъ

    bȏrvъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c
    Page in Trubačev: II 214-215
    Church Slavic:
    bravъ `small live stock' [m o]
    Russian:
    bórov `hog, castrated boar, (dial.) boar, castrated bull' [m o]
    Old Russian:
    borovъ `small live stock, hog, castrated boar' [m o]
    Czech:
    brav `small live stock' [m o];
    brav (dial.) `hog, castrated boar' [m o]
    Slovak:
    brav `hog, castrated boar' [m o]
    Polish:
    browek (dial.) `porker' [m o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    brȃv `sheep (pl.), (dial.) hog, castrated boar' [m o];
    Čak. brå̑v (Vrgada) `ram' [m o]
    Slovene:
    brȃv `sheep (pl.), pig, animal' [m o];
    brȃv `sheep (pl.)' [f i]
    Bulgarian:
    brav (dial.) `ram' [m o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰor-u-o-
    Comments: It is unclear whether this root may be identified with the root *bʰrH- of *borti and *bъrtь, as is advocated by Pokorny (133-135).
    Other cognates:
    OIc. bǫrgr `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    OHG barug `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    OHG barh `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    OE bearg `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    OE bearh `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    MoE barrow `hog, castrated boar'
    ;
    MoDu barg `hog, castrated boar'
    \{1\}
    Notes:
    \{1\} The Germanic cognates point to *bʰor-u-ko-.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bȏrvъ

  • 2 bòlna

    bòlna Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `membrane'
    Page in Trubačev: II 175-177
    Church Slavic:
    blana (RuCS) `placenta' [f ā]
    Russian:
    boloná `sickly outgrowth on trees, sap-wood, (dial.) lump' [f ā]
    Old Russian:
    bolona `placenta' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    bolóna `membrane, window-pane' [f ā]
    Czech:
    blána `film, membrane, web (of water-fowl), sap-wood' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    blana `membrane, film' [f ā]
    Polish:
    bɫona `membrane, film' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    bɫona `placenta, eyeweb, peritoneum, entrails' [f ā]
    Lower Sorbian:
    bɫona `membrane, film' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    blȃna `membrane, thin skin, parchment' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    blaná `manure (used as fuel), turf' [f ā]
    Lithuanian:
    bálnas `white, having a white back (cattle)' [adj] 3
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰolH-neh₂
    Page in Pokorny: 118
    Comments: Both Trubačëv and Sɫawski are inclined to derive bolna `membrane, sapwood' and bolna `turf, meadow' from a root meaning `white'. Though the relationship between `membrane' and `white' may not be obvious, the relationship between the usually light-coloured sapwood and `white' is unproblematic. In view of the semantic similarities between `sapwood' and `membrane', the etymology advocated by Trubačëv and Sɫawski may very well be correct. The connection between * bolna `turf, meadow' and * bolto `swamp', where an etymology involving the root for `white' is widely accepted, seems quite plausible.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bòlna

  • 3 diriti

    diriti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `look for'
    Page in Trubačev: V 31
    Bulgarian:
    dírja `look for, seek, strive for' [verb]
    Lithuanian:
    dyrė́ti (coll.) `look out (for), watch (for), stare, gape, be in hiding' [verb]
    Comments: According to the ESSJa, the Slavic and Baltic verbs are possibly cognate with -> *dьrati `tear'. In that case the i would have to originate from the iterative. The connection with Germanic, as advocated by Stang (1972: ??), is not unattractive, however. One might reconstruct *dei(H)r- or * deih₂-r-, cf. Skt. dayi `shine, radiate'.
    Other cognates:
    Nw. (dial.) tira `look, shine, beam' [verb]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > diriti

  • 4 ȇdlь

    ȇdlь; edlà Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spruce, fir'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 14-15
    Russian:
    el' `spruce, fir' [f i], éli [Gens] \{1\}
    Czech:
    jedle `fir' [f jā]
    Old Czech:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i]
    Slovak:
    jedl'a `fir' [f jā]
    Polish:
    jodɫa `fir' [f ā] \{2\}
    Old Polish:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i];
    jedla [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jéla `fir' [f ā];
    jȅla `fir' [f ā];
    Čak. jȅla (Vrgada) `tree-trunk' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    ję̑l `spruce, fir' [f i], jelȋ [Gens];
    ję̑la `spruce, fir' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jelá `fir' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edli-
    Lithuanian:
    ẽglė `spruce, fir' [f ē] 2
    Latvian:
    egle `spruce, fir' [f ē]
    Old Prussian:
    addle (EV) `spruce, fir' [f]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-l-i
    IE meaning: spruce, fir
    Page in Pokorny: 289-290
    Comments: Connecting the name of the `spruce' or `fir-tree' with Lith. ãdata `needle' and adýti `to darn', as advocated by Fraenkel ( Fraenkel I: 117-118) and Pokorny, is semantically attractive but does not make much sense in relation to Lat. ebulum (cf. Andersen 1996: 119).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. ebulum `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [n], ebulus `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [f];
    Gaul. odocos `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)';
    OHG attuh, attah `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)'
    Notes:
    \{1\} Alongside ëlka. A different reflex of the sequence *dl is attested in the dialect form ëgla. \{2\} In dialects we find such forms as jegla and jagla.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȇdlь

  • 5 edlà

    ȇdlь; edlà Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spruce, fir'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 14-15
    Russian:
    el' `spruce, fir' [f i], éli [Gens] \{1\}
    Czech:
    jedle `fir' [f jā]
    Old Czech:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i]
    Slovak:
    jedl'a `fir' [f jā]
    Polish:
    jodɫa `fir' [f ā] \{2\}
    Old Polish:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i];
    jedla [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jéla `fir' [f ā];
    jȅla `fir' [f ā];
    Čak. jȅla (Vrgada) `tree-trunk' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    ję̑l `spruce, fir' [f i], jelȋ [Gens];
    ję̑la `spruce, fir' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jelá `fir' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edli-
    Lithuanian:
    ẽglė `spruce, fir' [f ē] 2
    Latvian:
    egle `spruce, fir' [f ē]
    Old Prussian:
    addle (EV) `spruce, fir' [f]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-l-i
    IE meaning: spruce, fir
    Page in Pokorny: 289-290
    Comments: Connecting the name of the `spruce' or `fir-tree' with Lith. ãdata `needle' and adýti `to darn', as advocated by Fraenkel ( Fraenkel I: 117-118) and Pokorny, is semantically attractive but does not make much sense in relation to Lat. ebulum (cf. Andersen 1996: 119).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. ebulum `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [n], ebulus `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [f];
    Gaul. odocos `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)';
    OHG attuh, attah `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)'
    Notes:
    \{1\} Alongside ëlka. A different reflex of the sequence *dl is attested in the dialect form ëgla. \{2\} In dialects we find such forms as jegla and jagla.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > edlà

  • 6 elъkъ

    elъkъ; jьlъkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `bitter, rancid'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 22
    Russian:
    ëlkij `bitter, rancid' [adj o] \{1\}
    Belorussian:
    ëlkij `bitter, rancid' [adj o]
    Ukrainian:
    ylkýj `rancid' [adj o]
    Polish:
    jeɫkij (E. dial.) `rancid' [adj o];
    iɫkij (E. dial.) `rancid' [adj o]
    Slovene:
    jérǝk `sharp, astingent' [adj o];
    žérǝk `sharp, astingent' [adj o]
    Lithuanian:
    alùs `beer' [m u]
    Latvian:
    alus `beer' [m u]
    Old Prussian:
    alu `mead' \{2\}
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₂el-uko-
    IE meaning: bitter
    Page in Pokorny: 33-34
    Comments: The sometimes advocated connection with ἀλύδοιμον (Hes.) `sharp, pungent' and Lat. alūmen `alum' must be qualified as dubious.
    Other cognates:
    Gk. ἀλύδοιμον `sharp, pungent' [n];
    Lat. alūmen `alum' [n];
    OIc. ǫl `beer, ale' [n];
    OE ealu(ʮ) `beer, ale' [n]
    Notes:
    \{1\} Cf. also ël(o)č' (Psk.) `bile' [f i]. \{2\} These Baltic words are probably borrowings from Germanic.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > elъkъ

  • 7 jьlъkъ

    elъkъ; jьlъkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `bitter, rancid'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 22
    Russian:
    ëlkij `bitter, rancid' [adj o] \{1\}
    Belorussian:
    ëlkij `bitter, rancid' [adj o]
    Ukrainian:
    ylkýj `rancid' [adj o]
    Polish:
    jeɫkij (E. dial.) `rancid' [adj o];
    iɫkij (E. dial.) `rancid' [adj o]
    Slovene:
    jérǝk `sharp, astingent' [adj o];
    žérǝk `sharp, astingent' [adj o]
    Lithuanian:
    alùs `beer' [m u]
    Latvian:
    alus `beer' [m u]
    Old Prussian:
    alu `mead' \{2\}
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₂el-uko-
    IE meaning: bitter
    Page in Pokorny: 33-34
    Comments: The sometimes advocated connection with ἀλύδοιμον (Hes.) `sharp, pungent' and Lat. alūmen `alum' must be qualified as dubious.
    Other cognates:
    Gk. ἀλύδοιμον `sharp, pungent' [n];
    Lat. alūmen `alum' [n];
    OIc. ǫl `beer, ale' [n];
    OE ealu(ʮ) `beer, ale' [n]
    Notes:
    \{1\} Cf. also ël(o)č' (Psk.) `bile' [f i]. \{2\} These Baltic words are probably borrowings from Germanic.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > jьlъkъ

  • 8 ertь

    ertь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `strife'
    Page in Trubačev: -
    Old Church Slavic:
    retь (Zogr.2, Supr.) `strife, contest' [f i]
    Old Russian:
    retь `diligence, strife, contest' [f i]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁er-ti-
    Comments: If the anlaut of OCS retь does indeed originate from * er- (cf. -> * ernь), we would expect rětь in view of the regular development of * oRC- in South Slavic, cf. ratь `war, battle' (-> * ortь). Nevertheless, the etymology advocated here seems the best option (cf. Toporov 1981: 154).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ertь

  • 9 gràdъ

    gràdъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `hail'
    Page in Trubačev: VII 101
    Old Church Slavic:
    gradъ `hail' [m o]
    Russian:
    grad `hail' [m o]
    Czech:
    hrady `thundercloud' [Nompm o];
    hrad' (dial.) `hail' [f i]
    Old Czech:
    hrad `hail' [m o]
    Slovak:
    hrad (dial.) `hail' [m o];
    hrád (dial.) `hail' [m o]
    Polish:
    grad `hail' [m o]
    Slovincian:
    grǻu̯d `hail' [m o], grãdu [Gens]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    grȁd `hail' [m o], grȁda [Gens];
    Čak. grȁt (Orbanići) `hail' [m o], grȁda [Gens]
    Slovene:
    gràd `hail' [m o], gráda [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    grad `hail' [m o]
    Lithuanian:
    grúodas `frozen earth or mud' [m o] 3 \{1\}
    Indo-European reconstruction: groHd-o- (greH₃d-?)
    Other cognates:
    Lat. grandō `hail' [f];
    Arm. karkut `hail'
    Notes:
    \{1\} Unless this word is connected with -> *grǫda, * gruda `heap, lump', Lith. grū́das `corn' etc., as advocated by Trubačëv.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > gràdъ

  • 10 màlъ

    màlъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `small, little'
    Page in Trubačev: XVII 173-178
    Old Church Slavic:
    malъ `small, little' [adj o]
    Russian:
    mályj `small, little' [adj o]
    Czech:
    malý `small, little' [adj o]
    Slovak:
    malý `small, little' [adj o]
    Polish:
    maɫy `small, little' [adj o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    mȁo `small, little' [adj o];
    Čak. må̃lī (Vrgada) `small, little' [adj o];
    Čak. mȃli (Orbanići) `small, little' [adj o]
    Slovene:
    mȃli `small, little' [adj o]
    Bulgarian:
    mal (BTR) `small, little' [adj o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: moh₁-lo-
    Page in Pokorny: 724
    Comments: The question is whether *màlъ can be linked to PIE *melH-, as has been advocated by Varbot, for instance (1972: 63). In view of the acute root vowel, I consider this unlikely: we would have to posit a lengthened grade root of which the acute intonation is analogical after forms with full or zero grade. Thus, I prefer to reconstruct a root *mH₁-, which in the etymon under discussion is followed by an l-suffix (cf. Vaillant IV, 545, where the root is assumed to be identical with the root of Ru. majat', which I reconstruct as *meH₂-). The Germanic forms would have s mobile and zero grade of the root. Notice that Pokorny classifies CS mělъkъ under 1. mel-, melǝ- `zermalmen, schlagen, mahlen etc.', while OCS malъ can be found under mēlo-, smēlo- `kleines Tier'.
    Other cognates:
    Gk. μη̃λον `small cattle, goat, sheep' [n] \{1\};
    OIr. míl `(small) `animal';
    Go. smals `small, insignificant'
    ;
    OIc. smali `small (live) `stock, sheep'
    Notes:
    \{1\} The Doric form also has η.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > màlъ

  • 11 mara

    mara Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `ghost, apparition'
    Page in Trubačev: XVII 204-207 \{1\}
    Church Slavic:
    mara (RuCS) `ecstasy' [f ā]
    Russian:
    mára, mará `apparition, mirage;
    (dial.) house-sprite, evil spirit' [f ā]
    Belorussian:
    mará, mára `dream, apparition, nightmare;
    (dial.) `witch, demon' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    mará `apparition, ghost, witch' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    mara `ghost, apparition' [f ā]
    Polish:
    Slovincian:
    mara `dream, apparition, ghost' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    mara `goddess of illness and death' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    Mára `name of a fairy-tale monster' [f ā]
    Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-reh₂
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 693
    Comments: There are basically two views on the origin of *mara. According to a hypothesis put forward by Franck (1904: 129) and advocated by a.o. Schuster-Šewc (885ff), *mara continues PIE *mōrā and differs from *mora only in having lengthened grade. The alternative etymology, which can at least be traced to Zubatý 1894, connects *mara with the root ma- < *meh₂- of majati, mamъ etc. Though it seems at a first glance unsatisfactory to separate *mara from *mora - in Polish, for instance, mara and mora are synonymous -, it is awkward that in most Slavic languages both apophonic variants would occur side by side. Perhaps we have to start from *mara `illusion, apparition' beside *mora `female demon that tortures people with nightmares', which later became confused. This scenario may also offer an explanation for the fact that the accentual paradigm of both words is so hard to determine. We would expect *màra (a) - in view of Hirt's law - beside *morà (b) or (c). Nevertheless we find forms like Ru. móra and mará (beside mára). I think that in this respect, too, we have to reckon with analogy.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mara

  • 12 sòmъ

    sòmъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `sheat-fish'
    Russian:
    som `sheat-fish' [m o], somá [Gens];
    som (dial.) `sheat-fish' [m o], sóma [Gens]
    Ukrainian:
    som `sheat-fish' [m o], sóma [Gens]
    Polish:
    sum `sheat-fish' [m o]
    Old Polish:
    som `sheat-fish' [m o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    sȍm `sheat-fish' [m o], sòma [Gens]
    Slovene:
    sòm `sheat-fish' [m o], sóma [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    som `sheat-fish' [m o]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: śomum
    Lithuanian:
    šãmas `sheat-fish' [m o] 2/4
    Latvian:
    sams `sheat-fish' [m o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: ḱom-o-??
    Comments: The sometimes advocated connection with Gk. καμασήν m. `a fish' seems a shot in the dark.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > sòmъ

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