abstulī

* * *

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

aufĕro, abstŭli, ablātum, auferre, v. a. [ab-fero; cf. ab init. ], to take or bear off or away, to carry off, withdraw, remove (very freq. in prose and poetry; syn.: tollo, fero, rapio, eripio, diripio, adimo, averto).

In gen.

1.. Lit.:

ab januā stercus,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 18:

dona,

id. Am. prol. 139:

aurum atque ornamenta abs te,

id. Mil. 4, 1, 36:

abstulit eos a conspectu,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 18:

auferas me de terrā hac,

ib. Gen. 47, 30:

vos istaec intro auferte,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 1:

Auferte ista hinc,

Vulg. Joan. 2, 16:

aether multos secum levis abstulit ignīs,

Lucr. 5, 459; 3, 230; 3, 439; 3, 717; 5, 205; 5, 725; 6, 622; Turp. ap. Non. p. 422, 21:

multa domum suam auferebat,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.:

liberi per delectus alibi servituri auferuntur (a Romanis),

are carried away, Tac. Agr. 31:

quem vi abstulerant servi,

Vulg. Gen. 21, 25.—So of sick persons, or those unable to walk:

auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 202 (cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 298:

lumbifragium hinc auferes): asoti, qui in mensam vomant et qui de conviviis auferantur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23. —Auferre se, in colloquial lang., to remove one ' s self, to withdraw, retire, go away:

Te, obsecro hercle, aufer modo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 93:

aufer te domum,

id. As. 2, 4, 63.—

Of bodies that are borne away by wings, by the winds, waves, or any other quick motion, to bear or carry away, sweep away, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem ad scopulum e tranquillo auferre,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 8:

unda rates,

Prop. 1, 8, 14:

auferor in scopulos,

Ov. M. 9, 593:

auferet,

id. ib. 15, 292 al.:

in silvam pennis ablata refugit,

Verg. A. 3, 258; 11, 867:

ne te citus auferat axis,

Ov. M. 2, 75:

vento secundo vehementi satis profecti celeriter e conspectu terrae ablati sunt,

Liv. 29, 27:

(Bubo) volat numquam quo libuit, sed transversus aufertur,

Plin. 10, 12, 16, § 35:

(milites) pavore fugientium auferebantur,

Tac. A. 4, 73.—

Trop., to carry away, mislead:

te hortor, ut omnia gubernes prudentiā tuā, ne te auferant aliorum consilia,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7:

abstulerunt me velut de spatio Graecae res immixtae Romanis,

i. e. have diverted, withdrawn me, from the subject, Liv. 35, 40:

quae contemplatio aufert nos ad ipsorum animalium naturas,

Plin. 27, 13, 120, § 145:

auferre aliquem traversum,

id. 28, 1, 1, § 1 Jan:

ab intentione auferendus auditor,

Quint. 4, 5, 6:

somnus aufert,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 83:

auferimur cultu, i. e. decipimur,

are deceived, duped, Ov. R. Am. 343.—

Esp.,

1.. To take or snatch away; in a good, but more frequently in a bad sense, to take by force, to remove, withdraw, take away violently, rob, steal, etc.:

aliquid eris,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 8:

quod auri, quod argenti, quod ornamentorum in meis urbibus fuit, id mihi tu, C. Verres, eripuisti atque abstulisti,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19:

ab hoc abaci vasa omnia abstuiit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16; so,

pecuniam de aerario,

id. Att. 7, 21:

pecuniam in ventre,

to eat up, to squander, id. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

auriculam mordicus,

to bite off, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 4:

vestimentum,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 29:

hi ludi dies quindecim auferent,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31:

imperium indignis,

Liv. 3, 67:

legionem,

Tac. H. 4, 48:

consulatum, censuram,

id. ib. 1, 52:

auferat omnia irrita oblivio si potest,

Liv. 28, 29:

spem, voluntatem defensionis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

fervorem et audaciam,

Liv. 3, 12:

obsequia,

Tac. H. 1, 80:

misericordiam,

id. ib. 3, 84:

spem veniae,

id. A. 14, 23:

studium,

Cat. 68, 19 sq.; and so Hor. C. 3, 12, 5:

metus,

to banish, Verg. A. 12, 316:

curas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

somnos,

id. C. 2, 16, 16; id. Epod. 5, 96:

pudorem,

Ov. M. 6, 617:

fugam,

to hinder, prevent, Flor. 3, 10, 3 al. —

To take off or away, to destroy, consume, kill, slay, etc. (mostly poet. or in the Aug. histt.):

Tam bellum mihi passerem abstulistis,

Cat. 3, 15:

abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 29; so id. Epod. 5, 66; id. S. 1, 9, 31:

Auferat hora duos eadem,

Ov. M. 8, 709; 15, 157:

Labienum Varumque acies abstulit,

Vell. 2, 55 fin.:

Quidquid hinc aut illinc communis Mors belli aufert,

Liv. 7, 8; Flor. 3, 17, 9 al.:

Interea quodcumque fuit populabile flammae, Mulciber abstulerat,

had consumed, Ov. M. 9, 263; 14, 575.—

Of places, to separate, sever, divide:

mare septem stadiorum intervallo Europam auferens Asiae,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75:

Armenia Euphrate amne aufertur Cappadociae,

id. 6, 9, 9, § 25. —

To lay aside some action, manner of speaking, etc.; to cease from, desist from, leave off: proinde istaec tua aufer terricula, Att. ap. Non. p. 227, 31:

jurgium hinc auferas,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 19:

aufer nugas,

id. Truc. 4, 4, 8; id. Curc. 2, 1, 30:

pollicitationes aufer,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 17: Ge. Id nosmet ipsos facere oportet, Phaedria. Ph. Aufer mi "oportet:" quin tu, quod faciam, impera, id. ib. 1, 4, 45 Ruhnk. (cf. Juv. 6, 170):

Aufer abhinc lacrimas,

Lucr. 3, 955:

insolentiam,

Phaedr. 3, 6, 8; so absol.: Insanis? Aufer! away! (where nugas may be supplied, as in Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 8), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 14.—With inf. as object:

aufer Me vultu terrere,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 43.—

Meton., effect for cause, to corry off ( as the fruit or result of one ' s labor, exertions, errors, etc.), to obtain, get, receive, acquire:

Ecquas viginti minas Paritas ut auferas a me?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 71; 1, 5, 90; id. Curc. 5, 2, 21; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56; 2, 2, 9; id. Most. 4, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

id inultum numquam auferet,

id. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Ad. 3, 4, 8 (cf. id. And. 1, 2, 4): paucos dies ab aliquo, to obtain a few days ' respite, Cic. Quinct. 5, 20:

quis umquam ad arbitrum quantum petiit, tantum abstulit?

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12; so,

responsum ab aliquo,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

decretum,

id. Att. 16, 16, A:

diploma,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 3:

praemium,

Suet. Gram. 17. —Also with ut: ut in foro statuerent (statuas), abstulisti, you have carried the point that they etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59 (so, adsequi, ut, Tac. G. 35).— Trop., to carry away the knowledge of a thing, to learn, understand: quis est in populo Romano, qui hoc non ex priore actione abstulerit? has not learned, does not know, Cic Verr. 2, 1, 8.

ex-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. excussit, for excusserit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16), v. a. [quatio], to shake out or off, to cast out, drive out, to send forth (class., esp. in the trop. sense).

Lit.

In gen.:

posse ex his (litteris) in terram excussis annales Ennii, ut deinceps legi possint, effici,

shaken out, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 94:

equus excussit equitem,

threw off, Liv. 8, 7, 10:

excussus equo,

Verg. A. 11, 640:

excussus curru,

id. ib. 10, 590; Suet. Caes. 37; Curt. 3, 11; cf.:

lectis excussit utrumque,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 112:

gubernatorem in mare e puppi,

Curt. 4, 4 med.; cf.

also: ancora ictu ipso excussa e nave sua,

Liv. 37, 30, 9:

lapide clavum,

to knock off, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 10:

pulvis digitis excutiendus erit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

poculum e manibus,

Pers. 3, 101:

ignem de crinibus,

to shake off, Ov. M. 12, 281:

rem de manu alicujus,

to strike out, Dig. 47, 2, 53, § 13:

Pelion subjectā Ossā (Juppiter),

Ov. M. 1, 155:

poma venti,

to cast down, shake down, id. ib. 14, 764 et saep.:

ne nucifrangibula (i. e. dentes) excussit ex malis meis,

to knock out, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16; cf.:

cerebrum alicui,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

oculum alicui cyatho, verberibus,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 53; cf.:

oculo excusso,

id. Caes. 68: ipso cum domino calce omnes excutiamus, to drive out or forth, Lucil. ap. Non. 298, 33:

Teucros vallo,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

hostem oppidis et regionibus,

Flor. 2, 6, 42:

ab obsidione Nolae urbis (with pellere a Campania),

id. ib. 29:

feras cubilibus,

to scare, rouse up, Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

si flava excutitur Chloë,

be shaken off, cast off, Hor. C. 3, 9, 19:

(viros) excussos patriā infesta sequi,

Verg. A. 7, 299:

ut me excutiam atque egrediar domo,

take myself off, decamp, Ter. Ph. 4, 1, 20:

quartanas,

to drive away, Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 56 et saep.:

(leo) gaudet comantes Excutiens cervice toros,

shaking about, shaking, Verg. A. 12, 7; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 71:

caesariem,

Ov. M. 4, 492:

pennas,

id. ib. 6, 703:

habenas,

id. ib. 5, 404; cf.:

nares inflare et movere... et pulso subito spiritu excutere, etc.,

to blow up, dilate, Quint. 11, 3, 80:

se (gallinae edito ovo),

Plin. 10, 41, 57, § 116:

tela,

to hurl, discharge, Tac. A. 2, 20; cf. Curt. 8, 13:

fulmen in Thebas,

Stat. Th. 10, 69:

excussaque brachia jacto,

tossed, Ov. M. 5, 596; id. H. 18, 189:

(aër) Excussit calidum flammis velocibus ignem,

sends out, produces, Lucr. 6, 688; cf. id. 6, 161: largum imbrem (procellae), Curt. 4, 7:

lacrimas alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 15:

vomitum alicui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15:

sudorem,

Nep. Eum. 5 et saep.— Transf.:

excutior somno,

I am roused from sleep, Verg. A. 2, 302; Ov. H. 13, 111; Hor. S. 2, 6, 112.—

In partic., to shake out, shake.

Esp. a garment, to free it from dust:

vexatam solo vestem,

Petr. 128, 4; Vulg. Act. 18, 6; cf.:

excutere de pulvere,

shake yourself, Vulg. Isa. 52, 2; and:

pulverem de pedibus,

id. Matt. 10, 14.—

To stir, move any thing to see under it; and hence, to search, examine a person: St. Di me perdant, si ego tui quicquam abstuli. Eu. Agedum, excutedum pallium, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 19; so,

culcitisque et stragulis praetentatis et excussis,

Suet. Claud. 35.—With personal objects: excutiuntur tabellarii, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4; cf.:

verum (porcellum) ut subesse pallio contenderent Et excuti juberent,

Phaedr. 5, 5, 19:

non excutio te, si quid forte ferri habuisti: non scrutor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.

Trop.

In gen., to shake out or off, force away, etc.:

omnes istorum delicias, omnes ineptias,

to shake off, discard, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

noli aculeos orationis meae, qui reconditi sunt, excussos arbitrari,

plucked out, removed, id. Sull. 16, 47:

omnia ista nobis studia de manibus excutiuntur,

are torn, wrested from our hands, id. Mur. 14, 30; cf.:

hanc excutere opinionem mihimet volui radicitus,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

severitatem veterem,

id. Fam. 9, 10, 2; cf.

also: excutient tibi istam verborum jactationem,

id. Sull. 8, 24:

excute corde metum,

remove, banish, Ov. M. 3, 689:

diros amores,

id. ib. 10, 426:

orbem paci excutere,

to banish peace from the world, Luc. 1, 69:

omnis quae erat conceptae mentis intentio mora et interdum iracundia excutitur,

Quint. 10, 3, 20:

quem (Senecam) non equidem omnino conabar excutere,

id. 10, 1, 126:

aliena negotia curo, excussus propriis,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20:

dummodo risum excutiat sibi,

can raise, produce, id. ib. 1, 4, 35. —

In partic. (acc. to I. B.), to search, examine, inspect, investigate:

explicando excutiendoque verbo,

Cic. Part. Or. 36, 134; cf.: pervulgata atque in manibus jactata et excussa, qs. shaken out, i. e. examined, id. Mur. 12. 26:

illud excutiendum est, ut sciatur quid sit carere,

id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

quae fere omnia Cicero in crimine veneficii excutit,

Quint. 5, 7, 37; 12, 8, 13:

totum locum,

id. 5, 7, 6:

aut conjecturā excutiuntur, an vera sint, etc.,

id. 5, 13, 19 et saep.— Hence, excussus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, extended, stiff (post-Aug. and rare):

interest, utrum tela excusso lacerto torqueantur, an remissa manu effluant,

Sen. Ben. 2, 6; so,

lacerto,

Ov. H. 4, 43:

palma excussissima,

Petr. 95.— Adv.: excussē, strongly, violently:

mittere pilam (with rigide, opp. languidius),

Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.