ἔσπαρκα

σπείρω

sow: perf ind act 1st sg

σπείρω

sow: perf ind act 1st sg

ἐσπάρκᾱσι, σπείρω

sow: perf ind act 3rd pl

ἐσπάρκᾱσι, σπείρω

sow: perf ind act 3rd pl

σπείρω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] σπέρρω Sch.D.T.p.117 H., EM300.19: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

σπείρεσκον Hdt.4.42

: [tense] fut.

σπερῶ E.El.79

, Pl.Phdr. 276d; [dialect] Aeol. σπέρσω Sch.E.Hec. 202: [tense] aor.

ἔσπειρα A.Th. 754

(lyr.), Hdt.7.107, Pl. Ti. 41c: [tense] pf.

ἔσπαρκα Polyaen.2.1.1

, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. inf.

σπείρασθαι A.R.3.1028

; [tense] aor. 2 σπαρέσθαι dub. l. in Polyaen.8.26:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σπᾰρήσομαι LXX Na.1.14

, ([etym.] δια-) D.S.17.69: [tense] aor. ἐσπάρην [ᾰ] S.OT 1498, Th.2.27: [tense] pf.

ἔσπαρμαι E.HF 1098

, Ar.Ra. 1206, Pl.Lg. 693a, etc.:— sow,

I sow seed, c. acc., [ κέγχρους] Hes.Sc. 399;

σῖτον Hdt.4.17

;

στάχυν E.Cyc. 121

; of Cadmus,

σ. γηγενῆ στάχυν Id.Ba. 264

(so in [voice] Med.,

σπείρασθαι ὀδόντας A.R.3.1028

): abs., sow, Hes.Op. 391; opp. θερίζω, Ar.Av. 710, etc.: metaph., θερ. καὶ σ. ταῖς γλώσσαις, of corrupt orators, ib. 1697 (lyr.);

καρπὸν ὧν ἔσπειρε θερίζειν Pl.Phdr. 260d

;

αἰσχρῶς μὲν ἔσπειρας κακῶς δὲ ἐθέρισας Gorg.16

: prov., εἰς πέτρας τε καὶ λίθους ς. Pl.Lg. 838e; σ. κατὰ πετ ρῶν, i.e. εἰς πέλαγος (cf.

σπέρμα 1.1

), Luc.Am. 20.

2 engender, beget offspring (cf. 11.2), S.Aj. 1293, Tr.33, E. Ion 49, etc.; οἱ σπείραντες the parents, IG3.1339, cf. 14.1794 ([place name] Rome); ἄθυτα παλλακῶν σπέρματα ς. Pl.Lg. 841d:—[voice] Pass., spring or be born,

ὅθενπερ αὐτὸς ἐσπάρη S.OT 1498

, cf. E. Ion 554 (troch.), Pl.R. 460b; πρὸ τοῦ Ζήνωνα.. σπαρῆναι before Z. was begotten, Phld.Rh.2.110 S.

3 scatter like seed, strew,

χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον Hdt.7.107

;

σ. φλόγα Trag.Adesp.85

; of liquids, scatter or sprinkle,

ἐκ τευχέων σ. δρόσον E.Andr. 167

; spread abroad, extend,

σ. ἀγλαΐαν νάς ῳ Pi.N.1.13

; spread rumour,

σ. ματαίαν βάξιν S.El. 642

; μὴ σπεῖρε πολλοῖς τὸν παρόντα δαίμονα do not speak of it indiscriminately, Id.Fr. 653:—[voice] Pass., to be scattered or dispersed, ἐσπαρμένος κατὰ.. πόλιν, of the ashes of Solon scattered over Salamis, Cratin.228;

τόξα δ' ἔσπαρται πέδῳ E.HF 1098

; of persons,

ἐσπάρησαν καθ' Ἑλλάδα Th.2.27

;

ἐσπαρμένοι εἰς ἁρπαγήν X.HG3.4.22

; κατὰ χώραν ib.6.2.17;

ἔσπαρται λόγος E.Fr. 846

ap.Ar.Ra. 1206.

II sow a field,

νειόν Hes.Op. 463

; γῆν, τέμενος, πεδιάδα, Hdt.4.42, 9.116, 122;

ἄρουραν A.Fr. 158

; ἡ σπειρομένη Αἴγυπτος the arable part of Egypt, Hdt.2.77;

τυχεῖν μὲν ἤδη 'σπαρμένα Ar. Pax 1140

;

ἀροῦται καὶ σπείρεται τὸ Θηβαίων ἄστυ Din.1.24

: prov., πόντον σπείρειν, of lost labour, Thgn.106, 107: metaph.,

καινοτάταις σ. διανοίαις Ar.V. 1044

;

σ. εἰς ἀρετῆς ἔκφυσιν Pl.Lg. 777e

;

τοὺς ἐν γράμμασι κήπους Id.Phdr. 276d

.

2 of procreation,

ματρὸς.. σ. ἄρουραν A.Th. 754

;

σ. τέκνων ἄλοκα E.Ph.18

;

σ. λέχη Id. Ion64

; ἣν ἔσπειρε, i.e. his wife, Lib.Or. 37.9; v. supr. 1.2.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to sow, to seed', also (esp. w. prefix) `to spread, to scatter, to distribute'.

Other forms: Aor. σπεῖραι, fut. σπερῶ, aor. pass. σπαρ-ῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπαρμαι (IA), act. ἔσπαρκα (late.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. pemo, pema.

Compounds: often w. prefix, e.g. δια-, κατα-.

Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. σπέρμα n. `seed, sowing, stem, sprout' ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the o-stems, e.g. σπερμο-λόγος "picking up corn", `rook' (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), `chatterbox' (D. etc., MLat. spermologus; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it σπερ-μάτιον n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), - ματίας ( σικυός) m. `seed bearer' (Cratin.), - ματίτης, - ματῖτις `bearing, bringing forth seed' (late; Redard 102), - ματικός `to hold, to bring forth seed' (Arist. etc.), - ματώδης `seed-like' (late); - μαίνω `to sow, to bring forth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), - ματίζω `to sow, to bear seed', - ματίζομαι `to be sown, pregnant' with - ματισμός m. (LXX, Thphr.), - ματόομαι `to come to seed' (Thphr.) with - μάτωσις (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. σπέραδος n. = σπέρμα (Nic.; like χέραδος). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. σπόρος m. `seed, sowing' (Att.) with - ιμος `fit for sowing', τὰ -α `sowing fields' (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. σπορά f. `sowing, seed, procreation, descent' (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with - αῖος `sown' (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. διασπορά f. `dispersal, exile' (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From σπόρος or σπορά: ὁμό-σπορος `of the same seed, kindred' (poet. h. Cer.); σπορ-εύς ( κατα-. δια-) m. `sower, begetter' (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. σπορητός m. `sowing, seed' (A., X., Thphr.; after ἀλοητός, ἄμητος a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from *σπορέω). 5. σποράς, - άδος `dispersed' (IA.), αἱ Σποράδες group of islands, with - άδην `dispersed' (Att. etc.), - αδικός `id.' (Arist.), - άσαι aor. `to disperse' (inscr.). 6. ἐπισπορ-ίη f. `after-seed, second seed' (Hes.; ἐπίσπορος A.), περισπόρ-ια n. pl. `suburbs' (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. σπαρ-τός `sown' (A. a. o.); οἱ Σπαρτοί m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. σπαρνός (s. v.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [993] * sper- `strew, sow, sprinkle'

Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing σπείρω belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of sē-: sh₁- (Lat. sēmen etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. serō (cf. also above on ἵημι). Also in the supposedly older meaning `strew' the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with σπείρω. Nearest cognate Armenian has in sp'iṙ `strews' with sp`r̄em `spread out' and in p`arat `spread out, separated' with p`aratem `spread out, remove' words which, not to speak of the "rolling" r̄ and the vowel (IE ē or i) in sp`iṙ, in anlaut (IE ( s)ph-?) differ from σπείρω. Arm. spar̄nam `threaten' (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. σπαίρω adduced Skt. sphuráti, Lat. spernō etc. Thus we retain two IE groups sp(h)er- with the general meaning `strew, sprinkle, spatter' resp. `draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl, (Gm.) hurry', which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for σπείρω". Cf. the lit. on σπαίρω. -- Hitt. išpar-iya-zi (beside išpar-i) `he folds out, stretches out', wit σπείρω formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).

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