ἐπι-κνίζω

κνίζω, [tense] fut. κνίσω [ῐ] Ar.Ra. 1198: [tense] aor.

A

ἔκνῐσα Pi.P.8.32

, Herod.4.59, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

ἔκνιξα Pi.I.6(5).50

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐκνίσθην E.Andr. 209

, Theoc.4.59: scratch, gash, παῖδα.. γυμνὸν ἢν κνίσω.. οὐχ ἕλκος ἕξει; Herod.l.c.; κνίζων συκάμινα (to make them ripen) LXX Am.7.14, cf. Ath.2.51b.

2 pound, chop up, or grate, dub. in Thphr.HP 9.20.4 (fort. κνησθεῖσα).

II tickle, Arist.HA 587b7 ([voice] Pass.), Phld. Lib.p.58 O. ([voice] Pass.).

2 usu. metaph., of love, chafe, tease,

τὸν Ἀρίστωνα ἔκνιζε τῆς γυναικὸς ταύτης ἔρως Hdt.6.62

, cf. E.Med. 568;

κἠγὼ μὰν κνίζω τινά Theoc.5.122

; of other feelings, as satiety,

κόρος κνίζει Pi.P.

l.c.; anxiety,

Ξέρξην ἔκνιζε ἡ γνώμη Hdt.7.12

; τὰ σμικρὰ οὐδέν μιν κνίζει (sc. τὸν θεόν) ib.10.έ; ἔκνιζέ μ' αἰεὶ τοῦθ' S.OT 786;

τὸ βούλεσθαί μ' ἔκνιζε E.IA 330

(troch.); provoke, tease, Ar.V. 1286; οὐ κατ' ἔπος κνίσω τὸ ῥῆμ' ἕκαστον will not attack every word, Id.Ra.l.c.; provoke to jealousy, Alciphr.1.32; in good sense,

ἁδεῖά νιν ἔκνιξε χάρις Pi.I.6(5).50

:—[voice] Pass., E.Med. 555, Andr.l.c.;

ἐρωτίδα τᾶς ποκ' ἐκνίσθη Theoc.4.59

, cf. Luc.DMeretr.10.4;

κνιζόμενος ὑπ' ἔρωτος ἐπὶ τῇ παιδί App.Pun.10

; ἐκνίσθης; does that touch you? Men.Per. 16.

b provoke,

ὀργὰν κνίζον αἰπεινοὶ λόγοι Pi.N.5.32

, cf. P.11.23.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `scratch, pound, chop up, provoke' (Pi., IA.).

Other forms: Aor. κνίσαι,, pass. κνισθῆναι, fut. κνίσω, perf. pass. κέκνισμαι.

Dialectal forms: Dor. aor. κνίξαι (Pi.)

Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: κνισμός, κνίσμα `scratching, provoke etc.' (Ar.), ἀπόκνισμα`piece' (Ar.), ἀπό-, ἐπί-κνισις `scratching' (Thphr.). As backformation *κνίς, acc. κνίδα (Opp.), pl. κνίδες (LXX) `nettle', κνίζα `id.' (Gloss.). Comp. with verbal (aoristic) 2. member φιλό-κνῐσος `desirous' (AP), also κνισότερος (Ath. 12, 549a).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [??] * knid-? ?

Etymology: The basis is κνιδ- or κνιτ- (Schwyzer 716), and also κνι(σ)-. In the first case connection is possible (except with longvocalic κνί̄δη, κνῖσα) with Baltic and Germanic forms, e. g. Latv. knidêt `itch, geminate, creep', OWNo. hnīta (pret. hneit) `push against'; note also MIr. cned `wound' (\< *knĭdā); further with -t-, e. g. Lith. kni-n-tù (pret. knit-aũ), knìs-ti `scratch, itch, tickle'. In the the last case one could at best compare Lith. knis-ù `grub up'. Further Baltic forms in Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knìsti; cf. also de Vries IF 62, 142f.

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ἐπι-κνίζω,

A scratch the surface, Thphr.HP4.2.1, CP5.2.4 ([voice] Pass.); of the plough, AP6.238 (Apollonid.).

ἐπι-κνίζω, auf der Oberfläche ritzen, aufritzen

     ἐπικνίζω

     ἐπι-κνίζω

    скрести, скоблить, царапать

    

(ἄροτρον ἐπικνίζον χέρσον Anth.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `scrape, scratch', only with prefix, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-κναίω (Hp., Trag. in lyr., Att.);

Other forms: also as simplex, Att. inf. κνῆ-ν, κνῆ-σθαι, 1. a. 3. sg. pres. κνῶ, κνῃ̃, ipf. ἐπὶ... κνῆ (Λ 639), also κνᾶ-ν (Hdt.), κνᾶ-σθαι, κνᾳ̃ (hell.); further κνήθω, also with κατα-, ἐν-, ἐπι- a. o. (Arist., hell.). Non-pres. forms: 1. - κναῖσαι, - κναισθῆναι, - κναίσω, - κεκναισμένος (Ar., E. in lyr., Pl.,Theoc.); more usual (as simpl. a. comp.) 2. κνῆσαι, Dor. opt. midd. (Theoc.) κνάσαιο, κνησθῆναι, κνήσω, κέκνησμαι (IA.).

Derivatives: Action nouns: 1. κνῆσις `scratching, tickling' (Pl.) with κνησιάω `desire to tickle' (Ar., Pl.), also κνηστιάω `id.' (Gal., Jul.; after the verbs in - τιάω) and κνηθιάω `id.' (Hdn., EM; after κνήθω, cf. Schwyzer 732). 2. κνῆσμα (rarely κνῆμα) `id.' (Hp., X.); 3. κνησμονή `id.' (medic.; πῆμα: πημονή etc.); 4. κνησμός `id.' (Hp., Arist.) with κνησμώδης `affected with itching' (Hp., Arist., Str.). 5. κνηθμός `itching' (Nic.). - Agent nouns and instruments: 6. κνῆστις f. (from *κνήστης m.) `knife for scratching, cheese-grater' (Λ 640, Nic., Opp.), also `spine' (κ 161; cf. ἄκνηστις s.v.); diff. on κνῆστις z. B. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 41ff., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77; 7. κνηστήρ `scratching knife' (Nic.). 8. κνηστίς -ίδος f. `hollow hair-pin' (Plu.). 9. κνῆστρον `stinging plant, Daphne oleoides, θυμελαία' (Hp., Dsc.); κνηστρίον `scraper', ( Edict. Diocl.). - Adj. 10. κνηστικός `scratching, itching' (Sch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Of the presents κναίειν, κνῆν, κνήθειν the last can be an innovation to κνῆ-σαι etc. after πλῆ-σαι: πλή-θ-ω, λῆ-σαι: λήθ-ω a. o. The pair κνῆν: κναίειν agrees with the semantically close ψῆν: ψαίειν. - One compares several words with initial IE. * k(e)n- but with different forms, which is not surprising in view of the emotional value of expressions for `scratch, grate'. With κνῆ-ν (prob. orig. athematic; Schwyzer 675f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297 a. 307) from IE. * knē- agree best in Baltic and Germanic Lith. kn(i)ó-tis `peek (oneself) off, get loose', OHG nuoen `make smooth by scratching, fit exactly' (with OHG hnuo `joint, groove' etc.) from IE. * knō-? (cf. κνώ-δ-αλον?), perh. * knā- as in Alb. krromë `scab, mange' form IE. *knā-mn̥ (Gr. κνῆμα is independent). Lat. cnāsonas however, acc. pl. `scratching nails' (Paul. Fest. 52) from hell. *κνά̄σων `scratcher' ( κνᾶσαι ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι H.); cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207. - The - αι- in κναίω however has no direct counterpart (Lith. knaisýti is secondary to knìsti `scratch', s. κνίζω). Connecting κνῆ-ν and κναί-ειν to an old paradigma (* knē[i]-mi: knǝi-mé (Schwyzer 676; cf. Specht Ursprung 325; the last form is impossible since the laryngeal theory) is quite hypothetical. - Cf. κνίζω, κνύω, κνάπτω; κνώδαλον, κνήφη, κνέωρος and κόνις; s. Pok. 559ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. - Strangely enough it has not been proposed that the words could well be Pre-Greek; the meaning makes this quite possible; the connections in Pok. 599 are far from convincing. Cf. also κναδάλλεται κνήθεται H., with which compare γνάφαλλον, γνόφαλον, which are clearly Pre-Greek (s.s.v. κνάπτω); is κναδ- a variant of κνηθ-? For κναδ- no PIE prefrom can be reconstructed (cf. on γνάθος). Note that Kuiper assumed that words with kn- in Germanic were prob. substrate, NOWELE 25 (1995) 68 a.70. The formation of κνήσων (and the Latin loan cnāsōn- cited above) seems non-IE; cf. DELG s.v. Also the formation of a verb in - αίω is unknown.

See also: - S. noch κνέωρος, κνήφη.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `card, comb, full (cloth)' as thechnical term, also metaph. `mangle, tear' in gen. (IA)

Other forms: rarely κνάμπτω, cf. γνάμπτω and Güntert Reimwortbildungen 115f.), young Att., hell., also Ion. γνάπτω,

Dialectal forms: Myc. kanapeu \/ knapheus\/

Compounds: sometimes with ἀνα-, ἐπι-,

Derivatives: Young Att. γν- for κν- (here not noted): κνάφος m. `teasel of the fuller', also `bur(r), folter-instrument' (Hdt., Hp., Com.) with κναφεύς `fuller' (IA.), also as fish-name (Dorio; on the motive Strömberg Fischnamen 93); κναφεῖον, -ήϊον `fuller's shop' (IA.), κναφευτική ( τέχνη) `art of fulling' (Pl.), κναφεύω `full' (Ar.) and, as late feminine formation, κνάφισσα `fuller-ess' (pap.; Chantraine Formation 110); κναφικός `belonging to fulling' (Dsc., pap.). - γνάψις `fulling' (Pl.), γνάπτωρ = κναφεύς (Man.). - γνάφαλλον `flocken, cushion of wool' (pap. a. ostr.) with γναφαλ(λ)ώδης `γ.-like', γναφάλλιον, - αλλίς plant-name, `Diotis maritima' (Dsc., Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 105); also κνέφαλλον `cushion' (com., E.; vv. ll. κναφ-, γναφ-) and γνόφαλλον (Alc. Ζ 14, 8; beside μόλθακον). - Verbal adj.: ἄ-γναπτος (Pl. com., Plu.) and ἄ-γναφος (NT, pap.) `unfulled, new', ἐπί-γναφος (: ἐπι-γνάπτω) `fulled again', of clothes (Poll.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Cf. κναίω, κνῆν, κνίζω, κνύω (s. vv.) with ending as in ῥάπτω, σκάπτω, ἅπτω etc.; κνάφος as ῥαφή etc. The forms with γν- cannot be explained as Greek, so they point to Pre-Greek; cf. Schwyzer 414 (who unconvincingly takes κνάπτω as assimilated from γνάπτω. Note the typical ο for α in γνόφαλλον bei Alc. ( κνέφαλλον cannot be old ablaut (cf. Persson Beitr. 1, 139f., Schwyzer 343). - As non-Greek cognate one cites a Celtic word for `fleece', e. g. Welsh cnaif (s. Vendryes WuS 12, 243); other forms in Germanic and Baltic are semantically further off, e. g. OWNo. * hnafa, pret. hnof `cut off' (with gemination hneppa `pinch, press'), Lith. knabénti `pick in, off', s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. The variation κ\/γ, α\/ο shows quite clearly Pre-Greek origin. (Not in Fur.) S. further κνήφη and κνώψ.

See also: S. noch κνήφη und κνώψ.

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σῡκοφαντ-έω,

A to be a

συκοφάντης 1

,

παππῷος ὁ βίος συκοφαντεῖν ἐστί μοι Ar.Av. 1452

, cf. Ach. 828, Ec. 562, al., Lys.22.1, Isoc.15.23, 21.5, al., D.53.1, 55.1, al., Men.Epit.1, al.;

ς κατ' ἀγοράν Diph.32.16

: c. acc. pers., prosecute vexatiously, blackmail, συκοφαντεῖς τοὺς ξένους; Ar. Av. 1431, cf. V. 1096 (lyr.);

τοὺς συμμάχους Isoc.15.318

;

ἑτέρους ἔσειε καὶ ἐσυκοφάντει Antipho 6.43

;

σ. τοὺς τὰς οὐσίας ἔχοντας Arist.Pol. 1304b22

, cf. Lys.19.9 ([voice] Pass.);

συκοφαντοῦμαι νῦν ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀδίκως Id.Fr.43

, cf.X.Oec.11.21, Thphr.Char.23.4;

ἰδόντες.. σε ὑπὸ Δημέου συκοφαντούμενον PMich.Zen.57.2

(iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.212.4, 628.3 (iii B.C.), CPR232.3 (ii/iii A.D.); freq. of blackmail by officials, PTeb. 43.26, 789.21 (ii B.C.), UPZ 112i4, 113.10,16 (ii B.C.);

συκοφαντῆσαι ἡμᾶς καὶ διασεῖσαι BGU1756.11

(i B.C.);

μηδένα διασείσητε μηδὲ συκοφαντήσητε Ev.Luc.3.14

, cf. CPR238.6 (ii A.D.), PFlor.382.57 (iii A.D.); τοῦ συκοφαντῆσαι ἡμᾶς to seek occasion against us, oppress us, LXX Ge.43.18; ὁ συκοφαντῶν πένητα ib.Pr.14.31; accuse falsely, ταυτὶ γὰρ συκοφαντεῖσθαι τὸν Ἕκτορα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου that is a false charge brought against Hector by Homer, Philostr.Her. 12b;

κύριε Γάϊε, συκοφαντούμεθα Ph.2.598

, cf. 1.145, D.C.38.28, al.: c. acc. et gen.,

τὸν θεὸν ὀλιγωρίας Ael.Fr.40

: c. acc. rei, denounce as contraband,

Μεγαρέων τὰ χλανίσκια Ar.Ach. 519

; extort by false charges or threats,

τριάκοντα μνᾶς Lys.26.24

;

εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα, ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλοῦν Ev.Luc.19.8

: abs., Isoc.18.10.

2 criticize in a pettifogging way,

τοὺς ποιητάς Arist.Po. 1456a5

, cf. D.H.Th.52, Dem.34, D.S.26.1; lay verbal traps for one, τὸν ῥήτορα βουλόμενος δικαίως ἐξετάζειν καὶ μὴ ς. D.18.232;

σ. Θρασύμαχον Pl.R. 341c

; ὑποσκελίζειν καὶ ς. D.18.138: c. acc. rei, quibble about, μὴ τὰ συμβάντα συκοφάντει ib.192;

σ. τὸ πρᾶγμα Id.23.61

, D.H.Dem.25; carp at, stint,

τὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς καλλίστοις ἔργοις ἔπαινον D.S.4.8

: abs., quibble, Pl.R. 341b, Arist.Top. 139b26, 157a32, D.20.62.

II = κνίζω ἐρωτικῶς, Pl.Com. 255, Men.1071.