ἀκμό-θε-τον

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `place of retreat, resuge' (Hdt., D. H., Luc.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Acc. to Wackernagel KZ 33, 56 f. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 735f.) from *χρησφύγε-τον, dissimilated with contraction from *χρηεσ-φ., compound wit suffix το- (cf. ἀκμό-θε-τον) from φυγεῖν and χρῆος `guilt', so prop. "flying from guilt"; see Wackernagel l.c. Criticized by Kretschmer KZ 33, 273f.; cf. Brugmann IF 18, 431; Chantr. calls it more ingenious than convincing; he assumes a suffix - ετον. - The connection with κάρᾱ `head' (Kretschmer KZ 31, 410, Solmsen RhM 53, 155f.) gives no convincing meaning; wrong Charpentier BB 30, 155ff. (s. Bq a. WP. 1, 486). Kapsomenos, Glotta 40 (19662) 43-50 assumes *πρησφ-, with a variant of πρεσ- = προς.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `nipple, motherbreast, breast', metaph. `hill, hight', also name of a beaker (Apollod. Cyren. ap. Ath. 11, 487b, Oropos, Delos); cf. Jaeger RhM 102, 337ff. (on the use in Clem. Al. and Ph.).

Other forms: μαστός (posthom.), μαζός, Dor. (Theoc.) μασδός, hell. also μασθός; μαστίχη s. μάσταξ.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. φιλό-μαστος `breastloving' (A.), γυναικό-μαστος (- θος) `with female breasts' (medic.), δεκά-μαζος `with ten breasts' ( Epigr. Gr.); μαστό-δε-τον n. `breast-band' (AP); cf. e.g. ἀκμό-θε-τον.

Derivatives: Diminutives: μαστίον `small cup' (Oropos), μαστάριον `id.' (Delos), also `small breast' (Alciphr.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The attempt to reduce μαζός, μαστός, μασθός to three different pre-forms, IE * mad-dos, * mad-tos, * mad-dhos, (Schrader KZ 30, 476; also [IE *th \> θ] Specht Ursprung 224 f., 231), does not recognise the familiar character of the word. The only late attested μασθός can be explained easily as reshaping after words with comparable meaning or associated words like στῆθος (WP. 2, 231), κύσθος, βρόχθος (s. v. sub βρόξαι). The older μαζός and μαστός can be derived with i̯o- ( do-?) resp. to-suffix from the root of μαδάω, but semantically this connection is rather non-committal, which is true also for the comparison with OHG mast `fattening, (Germ.) Eichelmast, fodder'. The nasalized form mand- `suckle, breast' (Alb. mënt `suckle, suck' posited by WP. 2, 232) is quite hypothetical; cf. W.-Hofmann s. mannus. Remote connection with the nursery word mā (s. μάμμη) is as well possible. - If the form is Pre-Greek, mazdos mastos only differ in voice: non voiced (and aspirated in masthos),which are no phonemic distinction in Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `anvil' (Il.), also `meteoric stone' (Hes. Th. 722), = οὑρανός η σίδηρον H., = ἀλετρίβανος (`pestle'), Κύπριοι H.

Compounds: ἀκμό-θε-τον n. (Hom.) `basis of an anvil', with the root of τίθημι.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [19] *h₂eḱmōn `stone'

Etymology: Old word for `stone', found in several languages: Skt. áśman- m. `stone, heaven(?)' (a stone vault?, Reichelt IF 32, 23ff., Fraenkel KZ 63, 183f., cf. ἄκμων `meteoric stone' and `heaven'); Av. asman- `stone, heaven', OP. asman- `heaven'; Lith. akmuõ, -eñs `stone' (with regular depalatalization before m; ãšmens `sharp side, edge' with aš- from other positions). - The relation of these words to OCS kamy, - ene `stone' and the Germanic group ON hamarr `hammer' (orig. of stone) is much discussed. One supposes the root aḱ- `sharp' in ἀκή etc. On these questions see the lit. in Mayrh. EWAia 1.137, e.g. Maher, JIES 1 (1973) 441ff. and EIEC 547.

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Grammatical information: m. pl.

Meaning: `railing or latticed partition, balcony, bar (in court)' (Ar.);

Other forms: (rarely sg. - ος); also δρύφρακτοι (Lib.) with restored (?) ρ, and τρύφακτοι (hell. u. late inscr., Hdn. Gr.) from regressive assimilation (? cf. Schwyzer 257), and folketymology after τρυφη?

Derivatives: Denomin. δρυφάσσω `fence in' (Lyc.), δρυφάξαι ++ δακεῖν H. ( alphabetically at wrong place). Also δρυθακτόω.

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Generally taken as a conbination of δρῠ- (in δόρυ) and φράσσω with το-suffix (cf. e. g. ἀκμό-θε-τον). (But the τ- is hard to understand as assimilation.) See on φράσσω.

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Grammatical information: f. pl.

Meaning: `(unmealed) barley corns, roasted and sprinkled between the horns of the sacrificial animal' (Ion. since γ 441); Lat. mola salsa (on the meaning Buttmann Lexil. 1, 191ff.).

Other forms: ὀλαί (Att.), ὀλοαί (Arc. II^a). Cf. ὄλπα χὸνδρου τις ἕψησις.... ἔδεσμά τι H.

Compounds: As 1. member in οὑλο-χύτας acc. pl. f. `id.' (Hom.); οὑλό-χυτα τὰ κατάργματα H.; comp. of οὑλαί and χέω (s.v.) with το-suffix (cf. e.g. ἀκμό-θε-τον); οὑλο-χύτας followed in gender οὑλαι (diff. Schwyzer 439: for *οὑλὰς χυτάς); from this οὑλοχυτ-έομαι `to besprinkle with οὑ.' (Thphr. ap. Porph.). Also οὑλο-χόϊον (- χοεῖον?) ἀγγεῖον, εἰς ὅ αἱ ὀλαὶ ἐμβάλλονται πρὸς ἀπαρχὰς τῶν θυσιῶν H.; as if from *οὑλο-χόος, - χοέω.

Derivatives: ( ὀλβ-άχνιον (with ὀλβ- = ὀλϜ-) n. `basket for the ὀλαί' (EM 257, 53 [Syracus.]; also ὀλβάχιον κανοῦν. Δεινόλοχος H.; ὀλβακήϊα `id.' (Dor. after H. s. εὔπλουτον κανοῦν). See s.v. ὀλαγμεύειν ὀλὰς βάλλειν Phot. with ὀλαιμεύς ὁ (cod. τὸ) τὰς ὀλὰς βάλλων H.; on γ οὑλαί ι s.v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 22. S.s.v. λαίγματα; these words do not belong to οὐλαί as then the suffix α + velar cannot be explained.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: As in Arc. ὀλοαί ο can stand for F (Brugmann-Thumb 44; cf. δοάν = δϜάν s. δήν), we get a basic ὀλϜαί. -- Technical word without convincing connection. The comparison with ὄλυραι and ἔλυμος `barley' (s.v.) is quite hypothetic. Even more doubtful combinations in Specht Ursprung 114, 127 a. 146. - Prob. Pre-Greek; cf. ὄλπα in H..

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