δεκά-μαζος

δεκά-μαζος, ον,

A with ten breasts, of Ephesian Artemis, Epigr.Gr.406.10.

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `nipple, motherbreast, breast', metaph. `hill, hight', also name of a beaker (Apollod. Cyren. ap. Ath. 11, 487b, Oropos, Delos); cf. Jaeger RhM 102, 337ff. (on the use in Clem. Al. and Ph.).

Other forms: μαστός (posthom.), μαζός, Dor. (Theoc.) μασδός, hell. also μασθός; μαστίχη s. μάσταξ.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. φιλό-μαστος `breastloving' (A.), γυναικό-μαστος (- θος) `with female breasts' (medic.), δεκά-μαζος `with ten breasts' ( Epigr. Gr.); μαστό-δε-τον n. `breast-band' (AP); cf. e.g. ἀκμό-θε-τον.

Derivatives: Diminutives: μαστίον `small cup' (Oropos), μαστάριον `id.' (Delos), also `small breast' (Alciphr.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The attempt to reduce μαζός, μαστός, μασθός to three different pre-forms, IE * mad-dos, * mad-tos, * mad-dhos, (Schrader KZ 30, 476; also [IE *th \> θ] Specht Ursprung 224 f., 231), does not recognise the familiar character of the word. The only late attested μασθός can be explained easily as reshaping after words with comparable meaning or associated words like στῆθος (WP. 2, 231), κύσθος, βρόχθος (s. v. sub βρόξαι). The older μαζός and μαστός can be derived with i̯o- ( do-?) resp. to-suffix from the root of μαδάω, but semantically this connection is rather non-committal, which is true also for the comparison with OHG mast `fattening, (Germ.) Eichelmast, fodder'. The nasalized form mand- `suckle, breast' (Alb. mënt `suckle, suck' posited by WP. 2, 232) is quite hypothetical; cf. W.-Hofmann s. mannus. Remote connection with the nursery word mā (s. μάμμη) is as well possible. - If the form is Pre-Greek, mazdos mastos only differ in voice: non voiced (and aspirated in masthos),which are no phonemic distinction in Pre-Greek.

Page in Frisk: 2,183

κύκλος, ὁ ([dialect] Dor. ἁ, v. infr. 11.11), also with heterocl. pl.

A

κύκλα Il.

, etc., v. infr.11.1, 3,9, 111.1:—ring, circle, ὅπποτέ μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσιν, of the circle which hunters draw round their game, Od.4.792; κ. δέκα χάλκεοι (concentric) circles of brass on a round shield, Il.11.33, cf. 20.280; but ἀσπίδος κύκλον λέγω the round shield itself, A.Th. 489, cf. 496, 591.

2 Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about,

κ. ἁπάντῃ Od.8.278

;

κ. πάντῃ X.An.3.1.2

;

πανταχῇ D.4.9

;

τὸ κ. πέδον Pi.O.10(11).46

;

κ. περιάγειν Hdt.4.180

;

λίμνη.. ἐργασμένη εὖ κ. Id.2.170

;

τρέχειν κ. Ar.Th. 662

;

περιέπλεον αὐτοὺς κ. Th.2.84

;

οἱ κ. βασιλεῖς X.Cyr.7.2.23

; ἡ κ. περιφορά, κίνησις, Pl.Lg. 747a, Alex. Aphr.in Top.218.3: freq. with περί or words compounded there with, round about,

κ. πέριξ A.Pers. 368

, 418;

περιστῆναι κ. Hdt.1.43

;

βωμὸν κ. περιστῆναι A.Fr. 379

;

ἀμφιχανὼν κ. S.Ant. 118

(lyr.);

περιστεφῆ κ. Id.El. 895

;

περισταδὸν κ. E.Andr. 1137

;

κ. περιϊέναι Pl.Phd. 72b

, etc.;

τοῦ φλοιοῦ περιαιρεθέντος κ. Thphr.HP4.15.1

; so κ. περὶ αὐτήν round about it, Hdt.1.185;

περὶ τὰ δώματα κ. Id.2.62

; also κύκλῳ c. acc., without

περί, ἐπιστήσαντες κ. σῆμα Id.4.72

;

πάντα τὸν τόπον τοῦτον κ. D.4.4

: c.gen.,

κ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου X.Cyr.4.5.5

;

τὰ κ. τῆς Ἀττικῆς D.18.96

, cf. PFay. 110.7 (i A.D.), etc.: metaph., around or from all sides, S.Ant. 241, etc.; κεντουμένη κύκλῳ ἡ ψυχή all over, Pl.Phdr. 251d; τὰ κ. the circumstances, Arist.Rh. 1367b29, EN 1117b2; ἡ κ. ἀπόδειξις, of arguing in a circle, Id.APo. 72b17, cf. APr. 57b18: with Preps.,

ἐν κ. S.Aj. 723

, Ph. 356, E.Ba. 653, Ar.V. 432, etc.;

ἅπαντες ἐν κ. Id.Eq. 170

, Pl. 679: c. gen., E.HF 926, Th.3.74;

κατὰ κύκλον Emp.17.13

.

II any circular body:

1 wheel, Il.23.340; in which sense the heterocl. pl. κύκλα is mostly used, 5.722, 18.375; τοὺς λίθους ἀνατιθεῖσι ἐπὶ τὰ κύκλα on the janker, IG12.350.47.

2 trencher, SIG57.32 (Milet., v B.C.), Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).29 ([place name] Cos), Poll.6.84.

3 place of assembly, of the

ἀγορά, ἱερὸς κ. Il.18.504

;

ὁ κ. τοῦ Ζηνὸς τὠγοραίου Schwyzer 701

B6 (Erythrae, v B.C.); ἀγορᾶς κ. (cf. κυκλόεις) E.Or. 919; of the amphitheatre, D.C.72.19.

b crowd of people standing round, ring or circle of people,

κ. τυραννικός S.Aj. 749

; κύκλα χαλκέων ὅπλων, i.e. of armed men, dub. in Id.Fr.210.9, cf. X. Cyr.7.5.41: abs., E.Andr. 1089, X.An.5.7.2 (both pl.), Diph.55.3.

c place in the ἀγορά where domestic utensils were sold, Alex.99.

4 vault of the sky,

ὁ κ. τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Hdt.1.131

, LXX 1 Es.4.34;

πυραυγέα κ. αἰθέρος h.Hom.8.6

, cf. E. Ion 1147;

ὁ ἄνω κ. S.Ph. 815

;

ἐς βάθος κύκλου Ar.Av. 1715

;

νυκτὸς αἰανὴς κ. S.Aj. 672

; γαλαξίας κ. the milky way, Placit.2.7.1, al., Poll.4.159; also

ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κ. Arist. Mete. 345a25

;

πολιοῖο γάλακτος κ. Arat.511

.

b μέγιστος κ. great circle, Autol.Sph.2, al.;

μ. κ. τῶν ἐν τῇ σφαίρᾳ Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.30

, cf. Gem.5.70; κ. ἰσημερινός, θερινός, etc., Ph.1.27;

χειμερινός Gem.5.7

, Cleom.1.2; ἀρκτικός, ἀνταρκτικός, Gem.5.2,9;

ὁ κ. ὁ τῶν ζῳδίων Arist. Mete. 343a24

; ὁ ὁρίζων κ. the horizon, Id.Cael. 297b34; παράλληλοι κ., of parallels of latitude, Autol.Sph.1: in pl., the zones, Stoic.2.196.

5 orb, disk of the sun and moon,

ἡλίου κ. A.Pr.91

, Pers. 504, S.Ant. 416;

πανσέληνος κ. E. Ion 1155

; μὴ οὐ πλήρεος ἐόντος τοῦ κύκλου (sc. τῆς σελήνης) Hdt.6.106: in pl., the heavenly bodies, IG14.2012A9 (Sulp. Max.).

6 circle or wall round a city, esp. round Athens,

ὁ Ἀθηνέων κ. Hdt.1.98

, cf. Th.2.13, etc.;

οὐχὶ τὸν κ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς, οὐδὲ τοῦ ἄστεως D.18.300

.

b circular fort, Th.6.99, al.

7 round shield, v. sub init.

8 in pl., eye-balls, eyes, S.OT 1270, Ph. 1354;

ὀμμάτων κ. Id.Ant. 974

(lyr.): rarely in sg., eye,

ὁ αἰὲν ὁρῶν κ. Διός Id.OC 704

(lyr.).

9 οἱ κ. τοῦ προσώπου cheeks, Hp.Morb.2.50;

κύκλα παρειῆς Nonn.D.33.190

, 37.412; but κύκλος μαζοῦ, poet. for μαζός, is f.l. in Tryph.34.

10 κ. ἐλαίης an olive wreath, Orph.A. 325 (pl.).

11 cycle or collection of legends or poems,

κύκλον ἱστορημέναν ὑπὲρ Κρήτας GDI5187.9

([place name] Crete); esp. of the Epic cycle,

ὁ ἐπικὸς κ. Ath. 7.277e

, Procl. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.319 B., cf. Arist.Rh. 1417a15; of the corpus of legends compiled by Dionysius Scytobrachion, Ath.11.481e, cf. Sch. Od.2.120; κ. ἐπιγραμμάτων Suid.s.v. Ἀγαθίας; cf.

κυκλικός 11

.

III circular motion, orbit of the heavenly bodies,

κύκλον ἰέναι Pl.Ti. 38d

;

οὐρανὸς.. μιᾷ περιαγωγῇ καὶ κύκλῳ συναναχορεύει τούτοις Arist.Mu. 391b18

; revolution of the seasons,

ἐνιαυτοῦ κ. E.Or. 1645

, Ph. 477; τὸν ἐνιαύσιον κ. the yearly cycle, ib. 544;

ἑπτὰ.. ἐτῶν κ. Id.Hel. 112

; μυρία κύκλα ζώειν, i.e. years, AP7.575 (Leont.): hence κ. τῶν ἀνθρωπηΐων ἐστὶ πρηγμάτων human affairs revolve in cycles, Hdt.1.207;

φασὶ.. κύκλον εἶναι τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα Arist.Ph. 223b24

, al.;

κ. κακῶν D.C.44.29

; κύκλου ἐξέπταν, i.e. from the cycle of rebirths, Orph.Fr. 32c.6.

b ἐν τοῖς κ. εἶναι to be in train, of an affair, PEleph.14.24 (iii B.C.).

2 circular dance (cf. κύκλιος)

, χωρεῖτε νῦν ἱερὸν ἀνὰ κ. Ar.Ra. 445

, cf. Simon.148.9, E.Alc. 449 (lyr.).

3 in Rhet., a rounded period,

περιόδου κύκλος D.H.Comp.19

, cf. 22, 23.

b period which begins and ends with the same word, Hermog.Inv.4.8.

4 in Metre, a kind of anapaest, v.l. for κυκλικός in D.H.Comp.17.

IV sphere, globe, Pl.Lg. 898a. [[pron. full] ῠ by nature, S.Ant. 416, Aj. 672, etc., but freq. long by position in Hom. and Trag.]