πώνω

πώνω, [dialect] Dor.and [dialect] Aeol.,= πίνω, Alc.20,52, Eub.12;

A

μαστὸς τὸν ἔπωνε Call.Cer.96

.

εὔπωνος ὄμβρος· εὔποτος, Hsch.; cf. πώνω, γακουπώνης.

πίνω [pron. full] [ῑ], [dialect] Ep. inf. πινέμεναι and - έμεν, Il.4.346, Od.7.220: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

πίνεσκον Il.16.226

: [tense] fut.

πίομαι 13.493

, Thgn.962, A.Ch. 578, S. OC 622, Ar.Eq. 1289, 1401, Fr. 311; later

πῐοῦμαι Arist.Rh. 1370b18

, Ael.VH12.49, etc.; also as f.l. in earlier authors,

πιεῖσθαι Hp.Int.12

,

πιεῖσθε X.Smp.4.7

, but rejected by Phryn.23, Ath.10.446d; [ per.] 2sg.

πίεσαι LXXDe.28.39

, Ev.Luc.17.8: [tense] aor. ἔπῐον, [dialect] Ep.

πίον Il.22.2

, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. subj.

πίῃσθα 6.260

; imper.

πίε Od.9.347

, Men.151, Carm.Pop. 33, (ἐκ-) E.Cyc. 563, Orph.Fr.32 b iii; also

πῖθι Cratin.141

, Ion Trag. 27, Ar.V. 1489, Amips.18, Antiph.163.1, etc., (ἔκ-) E.Cyc. 570; πίει, πίεις, Kretschmer Griech. Vaseninschr.p.195; inf.

πιεῖν Od.8.70

, Hdt. 4.172, etc.; later [var] contr.

πεῖν AP11.140

(Lucill.), Mim.Oxy.413.66, PMag.Lond.121.738, PFlor.101.8 (i A. D.), etc.; [dialect] Ep.

πῐέμεν Od.15.378

,

πιέειν Il.4.263

, πιέναι f.l. for ὑπιέναι in Hp.Epid.5.18; part. πῐών, πῐοῦσα, Il.24.102, etc.,

πῐέουσα Hp.Epid.7.11

:—[voice] Med., subj.

πινώμεθα Hermipp.25

; imper.

πίνεο Nic.Th. 912

: [full] πίομαι [pron. full] [ῑ] as [tense] pres. [voice] Med., Ibyc.17 (s.v.l.), Pi.O.6.86, and so ἐκπίομαι [ῑ] Ar.Ach. 199, ἐμπίομαι [ῐ] Thgn.1129 ([voice] Pass. in AP5.43 (Rufin.)):—[voice] Pass., Od.20.312, Hp.Aër. 9, etc.: [dialect] Ep.[tense] impf.

πίνετο Od.9.45

.—Other tenses are from πω- or πο-, [tense] pf.

πέπωκα A.Th. 821

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ποθήσομαι ( κατα-) Ar.V. 1502, (ἐκ- ) Plu.2.240e: [tense] aor. ἐπόθην (ἐξ-) A.Ch.66, ( κατ-) Pl.Criti. 111d: [tense] pf. inf.

πεπόσθαι Thgn.477

: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. [full] πώνω Alc.20,52, Supp.20.3: [tense] aor. imper. πῶθι, τῶ, EM698.52. [[pron. full] ῑ always in πίνω. πίνομαι; ῐ always in [tense] aor. ἔπιον, hence πίε must be read for πῖνε in AP11.19 (Strat.), and ἔπῑνον for ἔπιον in Anacreont.5.5: Hom. has

ἐθέλουσι δὲ πῑέμεν ἄμφω Il.16.825

, cf. Od.18.3; but

καὶ φαγέμεν πῐέμεν τε 15.378

; in imper. πῖθι, ῑ always.—In [tense] fut.

πίομαι Hom.

and Trag. use [pron. full] ῑ, Il.13.493, A.Ch. 578, S.OC 622, cf. Thgn.962, Ar.Eq. 1289, 1401, Fr. 311; but [pron. full] ῐ in lon Lyr.2.10 (nisi leg. πιέτω), (ἐκ-) Pl.Com.9, Amips.22; also in later Poetry, AP11.8,25.5 (Apollonid.); for [tense] pres. [voice] Med. πίομαι, v. supr.]: — drink, freq. from Hom. downwds., c. acc., π. οἶνον, ὐρόν, αἷμα, etc., Od.15.391, 17.225, S.OC 622, etc.; π. ὕδωρ Αἰσήποιο drink its water, i.e. live on its banks, Il.2.825, cf. Pi.O.6.86 ([voice] Med.): c. gen. partit., drink of a thing,

π. οἴνοιο Od.22.11

; εἰς οἶνον.., ἔνθεν ἔπινον whereof.., 4.220;

αἵματος ὄφρα πίω 11.96

, cf. 15.373; also πίνειν κρητῆρας οῐνοιο to drink bowls of wine, Il.8.232;

κύπελλα ὄνου 4.346

; π. ἀπὸ κρήνης drink of a spring, Thgn.959 (but

κρήνης 962

); π. ἀπ' αὐτοῦ (sc. δέπαος) αἴθοπα οἶνον from it, Il.16.226;

δέπα ἔνθεν ἔπινον Od.19.62

;

ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο Il.9.469

;

ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς διδοῖ πιεῖν Hdt.4.172

;

ἐκ ταὐτοῦ.. ποτηρίου Ar.Eq. 1289

;

ἐξ ἀργύρου ἢ χρυσοῦ Pl. R. 417a

;

ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ X.Cyr.4.5.4

; σκύφος ᾧ περ ἔπινεν with which.., Od.14.112; π. κερατίνοις ποτηρίοις v.l. in X.An.6.1.4; τὰ φάρμακα π. παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ draughts sent by him, Pl.Grg. 467c.

2 abs., drink,

ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Od.2.305

;

ὁ πῖνε καὶ ἦσθε 5.94

, 6.249, cf. Il.24.476, etc.; μῆλα πιόμεν' ἐκ βοτάνης going to drink after pasture, 13.493;

πρὸς βίαν πώνην Alc.20

;

πῖνε, πῖν' ἐπὶ συμφοραῖς Simon.14

;

π. πρὸς ἡδονήν Pl.Smp. 176e

;

εἰς μέθην Id.Lg. 775b

;

διδόναι πιεῖν Cratin.124

;

πιεῖν αἰτεῖν X.Cyr.8.3.41

; τινὶ πιεῖν ἐγχέας ib.1.3.9;

πιεῖν τις ἡμῖν ἐγχεάτω Philem.9

: in [tense] pf. πέπωκα, to be drunk, E.Cyc. 536; πίνοντά τε καὶ πεπωκότα drinking and having finished drinking, Pl.Phd. 117c.

II celebrate by a carouse,

νίκην Philostr.Gym. 54

.

III metaph., drink up, as the earth does rain, τὸ ὕδωρ, ὄμβρον, Hdt.3.117,4.198;

πιοῦσα κόνις μέλαν αἷμα A.Eu. 979

(lyr.), cf. Th. 736 (lyr.), 821, S.OT 1401; of plants, X.Smp.2.25; of a lamp,

π. τοὔλαιον Luc.Cat.27

;

λύχνος.. πολλὰ πιὼν μέλη AP5.196

(Mel., dub. l.). (I.-E. pōy- and pī-, cf. Skt. pāy-áyati 'cause to drink', pīti- 'a drink', Lat. pōtus, etc.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to drink'

Other forms: Aeol., also Dor. (Call. Cer. 95) πώνω, fut. πίομαι, aor. ἔπιον, πιεῖν (all Hom.; later πεῖν), ipv. πῖθι (com. a.o.), Aeol. πῶθι, pass. ἐπόθην with fut. ποθήσομαι, perf. act. πέπωκα (all Att.), midd. πέπομαι (Od.); besides as causat. πιπίσκω, fut. πίσω, aor. πῖσαι, πισθῆναι, also w. προ-, ἐν-, συν- a.o. `give to drink, water' (Pi., Hp., Nic.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. κατα-, ἐκ-, προ-, ὑπο-, ἐν-.

Derivatives: Many derivv. (condensed survey): A. From the zero grade πο-, most with τ-sufflx: 1. ποτόν n. `beverage' (Il.), ποτός `drinkable' (trag., Th.; ἔμποτος Aret.), πότος m. `drinking, beverage' (Att., Theoc.); from this πότ-ιμος `drinkable, fresh, pleasant' (IA; Arbenz 50f.), - ικός `inclined towards drinking etc.' (Alc. com., Plu.), most συμ- πίνω `belonging to the bacchanalia, pot companion' (Att.: συμπό-της, - σιον, s. v.); - ίζω, Dor. - ίσδω, also with προ- a.o., `to make drink, to drench' (IA., Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ισμα, - ιστές, - ιστήριον, - ιστρίς, - ίστρα. 2. ποτή f. `drink, draught' (pap.) gen. a. acc. - ῆτος, - ῆτα (Hom.; metr. enlerged, orig. at verse-end; Schwyzer 529 w. n. 1 a. lit.; not haplolog. from *ποτο-τη-τος, - τη-τα with Fraenkel Gnomon 21, 40 a.o.); πότ-ημα n. `(medical) drink' (medic.; enlarged form, Chantraine Form. 178). 3. πόσις f. (also w. προ-, κατα- a.o. in diff. senses) `drinking, drink, bacchanalia' (Il.) with πόσιμος `drinkable' (pap. IV<sup>p</sup>, Ps.-Callisth.; cf. πότιμος above); πόμα s.v. 4. ποτήρ m. `drinking cup' (E.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Aeol. IA.); πότης m. `drinker' (only in πότης λύχνος Ar. Nu. 57), f. πότις (com.); both from the usual compp., e.g. συμπό-της (Pi.), οἰνο-πό-της, - τις (Anacr. etc.), disjoined? (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 12 = Kl. Schr. 226); superl. ποτίστατος (Ar. a.o.); to this derivv. like συμπόσ-ιον `bacchanalia' (Pi., Alc.), καταπότ-ιον `pill' (medic.; καταπότης `throat' H., Suid.); οἰνοποτ-ά-ζω `to drink wine' (Hom.). 5. καταπό-θρα f. `(region of the) throat' (Paul. Aeg.). -- B. From the full grade: πῶμα n. `draught, drink, beverage' (Att.), ἔκπω-μα n. `drinking ware' (IA.), beside πόμα ( πρό-, κατά-, ἔκ- πίνω) n. `id.' (Pi., Ion. hell.); ἔκπωτις = ἄμπωτις ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); εὔπωνος ὄμβρος εὔποτος H., γακου-πώνης ἡδυπότης H. -- C. From the zero grade πῑ-: 1. πίστρα f., πῖστρα n. pl. `drinks' (E. Kyk., Str.), also πισμός, πιστήρ, πιστήριον H.; with analog. - σ- as 2. πιστός `drinkable, fluid' (A.; after χριστός, Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 79 = Kl. Schr. 264), πιστικός `id.' (Ev. Marc., Ev. Io.); 3. Boeot. πιτεύω `to drench, to water' with ἀ-πίτευτος `unwatered' (Thespiae III<sup>a</sup>), from a noun *πῑτ(ο)-; cf. below. To be rejected Brugmann IF 39, 149 ff. (to πίων, OCS pitati `to feed' etc.); cf. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 f. w. lit.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [839] * peh₃-, piH- `drink'

Etymology: The above system developed on the basis of an IE starting point independently inside Greek. From the imperatives πῖ-θι and πῶ-θι we can conclude to two athematic root-aorists *ἔ-πῑ-ν and *ἔ-πω-ν; to the latter provides Skt. á-pā-m (with pā-hí = πῶ-θι) an exact agreement: IE *é-peh₃-m. As zero grade was pī- in the plur. at home: IE *é-piH-me, which in Skt. was replaced by full grade á-pā-ma but in Greek πῖθι left a trace; note further OCS 2. a. 3. sg. aor. pi. Further, in Greek the athemat. forms wer replaced by the themat. ἔ-πι-ον with generalized zero grade. The origin of the form piH- is not well known. The shortvocalic subj. of this root-aorist lives on in fut. πί-ο-μαι (like ἔδ-ο-μαι; s. ἔδω); to the aorist still the nasal prsesents πί-ν-ω and πώ-ν-ω; cf. ἔ-δῡ-ν: δύ̄-ν-ω. To *ἔ-πῑ-ν was formed the factitive ἔ-πῑ-σα `I gave to drink' after ἔ-στη-ν: ἔ-στη-σα, ἔ-φῡν: ἔ-φῡ-σα a.o.; to this the reduplicated pres. πι-πί-σκω (cf. δι-δά-σκω: δα-ῆναι, βι-βά-σκω: ἔ-βη-σα: ἔ-βη-ν). The strongly spread zero grade πο- ( πέποται, ἐπόθην, πόσις usw.) is a Greek innovation after δο- ( δέδοται, ἐδόθην, δόσις). The perf. act. πέ-πω-κα agrees with Skt. pa-páu, but can also have been created newly to *ἔ-πω-ν. The nominal stem πῑτ- in πιτεύω is inherited and is found also in Skt. pī-tá- `drunk(en)', pī-ti ́'drinking, drink'. The 2. member in εὔ-πωνος and γακου-πώνης agrees with Skt. pā́-na-m n. `drink'. In ablaut deviating are πο-τήρ `drinking cup' (only E.; οἰνο-ποτῆρας acc. pl. θ 456 metr. for - πότας) and Skt. pā-tár- 'drinker', comparable πό-σις and pī-tí- (s. ab.); rather parallel innovations than old inherited material. -- Among the remaining many representatives of this family we mention only the reduplicated zero grade themat. pres. Sk. pí-b-ati, Lat. bi-b-ō, OIr. 2. pl. ipv. i-b-id (phonetically in detail uncertain) and the Lat. nouns pō-tus, pō-culum. (The Skt. caus. pāy-áyati goes back on *po-i-ei̯-, not a full grade *pōi̯-) -- On the histoy of the Greek forms s. Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 75ff. (= Kl. Schr. 260ff.); further material of the other languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 71 f., Pok. 839 f., W.-Hofmann s. bibō, Mayrhofer s. píbati and pā́ti ². -- On ἄμπωτις and πῖνον s. v.

Page in Frisk: 2,540-542