πίε

πῖος

masc voc sg

πῖος

masc voc sg

πίε, πιεῖν, πίεσαι s. πίνω.

πίνω

Aër.

aor imperat act 2nd sg

πίνω

Aër.

aor ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

πίε, πίνω

Aër.

aor imperat act 2nd sg

πίε, πίνω

Aër.

aor ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

πί̱ᾱͅ, πῖος

fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

πίνω [pron. full] [ῑ], [dialect] Ep. inf. πινέμεναι and - έμεν, Il.4.346, Od.7.220: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

πίνεσκον Il.16.226

: [tense] fut.

πίομαι 13.493

, Thgn.962, A.Ch. 578, S. OC 622, Ar.Eq. 1289, 1401, Fr. 311; later

πῐοῦμαι Arist.Rh. 1370b18

, Ael.VH12.49, etc.; also as f.l. in earlier authors,

πιεῖσθαι Hp.Int.12

,

πιεῖσθε X.Smp.4.7

, but rejected by Phryn.23, Ath.10.446d; [ per.] 2sg.

πίεσαι LXXDe.28.39

, Ev.Luc.17.8: [tense] aor. ἔπῐον, [dialect] Ep.

πίον Il.22.2

, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. subj.

πίῃσθα 6.260

; imper.

πίε Od.9.347

, Men.151, Carm.Pop. 33, (ἐκ-) E.Cyc. 563, Orph.Fr.32 b iii; also

πῖθι Cratin.141

, Ion Trag. 27, Ar.V. 1489, Amips.18, Antiph.163.1, etc., (ἔκ-) E.Cyc. 570; πίει, πίεις, Kretschmer Griech. Vaseninschr.p.195; inf.

πιεῖν Od.8.70

, Hdt. 4.172, etc.; later [var] contr.

πεῖν AP11.140

(Lucill.), Mim.Oxy.413.66, PMag.Lond.121.738, PFlor.101.8 (i A. D.), etc.; [dialect] Ep.

πῐέμεν Od.15.378

,

πιέειν Il.4.263

, πιέναι f.l. for ὑπιέναι in Hp.Epid.5.18; part. πῐών, πῐοῦσα, Il.24.102, etc.,

πῐέουσα Hp.Epid.7.11

:—[voice] Med., subj.

πινώμεθα Hermipp.25

; imper.

πίνεο Nic.Th. 912

: [full] πίομαι [pron. full] [ῑ] as [tense] pres. [voice] Med., Ibyc.17 (s.v.l.), Pi.O.6.86, and so ἐκπίομαι [ῑ] Ar.Ach. 199, ἐμπίομαι [ῐ] Thgn.1129 ([voice] Pass. in AP5.43 (Rufin.)):—[voice] Pass., Od.20.312, Hp.Aër. 9, etc.: [dialect] Ep.[tense] impf.

πίνετο Od.9.45

.—Other tenses are from πω- or πο-, [tense] pf.

πέπωκα A.Th. 821

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ποθήσομαι ( κατα-) Ar.V. 1502, (ἐκ- ) Plu.2.240e: [tense] aor. ἐπόθην (ἐξ-) A.Ch.66, ( κατ-) Pl.Criti. 111d: [tense] pf. inf.

πεπόσθαι Thgn.477

: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. [full] πώνω Alc.20,52, Supp.20.3: [tense] aor. imper. πῶθι, τῶ, EM698.52. [[pron. full] ῑ always in πίνω. πίνομαι; ῐ always in [tense] aor. ἔπιον, hence πίε must be read for πῖνε in AP11.19 (Strat.), and ἔπῑνον for ἔπιον in Anacreont.5.5: Hom. has

ἐθέλουσι δὲ πῑέμεν ἄμφω Il.16.825

, cf. Od.18.3; but

καὶ φαγέμεν πῐέμεν τε 15.378

; in imper. πῖθι, ῑ always.—In [tense] fut.

πίομαι Hom.

and Trag. use [pron. full] ῑ, Il.13.493, A.Ch. 578, S.OC 622, cf. Thgn.962, Ar.Eq. 1289, 1401, Fr. 311; but [pron. full] ῐ in lon Lyr.2.10 (nisi leg. πιέτω), (ἐκ-) Pl.Com.9, Amips.22; also in later Poetry, AP11.8,25.5 (Apollonid.); for [tense] pres. [voice] Med. πίομαι, v. supr.]: — drink, freq. from Hom. downwds., c. acc., π. οἶνον, ὐρόν, αἷμα, etc., Od.15.391, 17.225, S.OC 622, etc.; π. ὕδωρ Αἰσήποιο drink its water, i.e. live on its banks, Il.2.825, cf. Pi.O.6.86 ([voice] Med.): c. gen. partit., drink of a thing,

π. οἴνοιο Od.22.11

; εἰς οἶνον.., ἔνθεν ἔπινον whereof.., 4.220;

αἵματος ὄφρα πίω 11.96

, cf. 15.373; also πίνειν κρητῆρας οῐνοιο to drink bowls of wine, Il.8.232;

κύπελλα ὄνου 4.346

; π. ἀπὸ κρήνης drink of a spring, Thgn.959 (but

κρήνης 962

); π. ἀπ' αὐτοῦ (sc. δέπαος) αἴθοπα οἶνον from it, Il.16.226;

δέπα ἔνθεν ἔπινον Od.19.62

;

ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο Il.9.469

;

ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς διδοῖ πιεῖν Hdt.4.172

;

ἐκ ταὐτοῦ.. ποτηρίου Ar.Eq. 1289

;

ἐξ ἀργύρου ἢ χρυσοῦ Pl. R. 417a

;

ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ X.Cyr.4.5.4

; σκύφος ᾧ περ ἔπινεν with which.., Od.14.112; π. κερατίνοις ποτηρίοις v.l. in X.An.6.1.4; τὰ φάρμακα π. παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ draughts sent by him, Pl.Grg. 467c.

2 abs., drink,

ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν Od.2.305

;

ὁ πῖνε καὶ ἦσθε 5.94

, 6.249, cf. Il.24.476, etc.; μῆλα πιόμεν' ἐκ βοτάνης going to drink after pasture, 13.493;

πρὸς βίαν πώνην Alc.20

;

πῖνε, πῖν' ἐπὶ συμφοραῖς Simon.14

;

π. πρὸς ἡδονήν Pl.Smp. 176e

;

εἰς μέθην Id.Lg. 775b

;

διδόναι πιεῖν Cratin.124

;

πιεῖν αἰτεῖν X.Cyr.8.3.41

; τινὶ πιεῖν ἐγχέας ib.1.3.9;

πιεῖν τις ἡμῖν ἐγχεάτω Philem.9

: in [tense] pf. πέπωκα, to be drunk, E.Cyc. 536; πίνοντά τε καὶ πεπωκότα drinking and having finished drinking, Pl.Phd. 117c.

II celebrate by a carouse,

νίκην Philostr.Gym. 54

.

III metaph., drink up, as the earth does rain, τὸ ὕδωρ, ὄμβρον, Hdt.3.117,4.198;

πιοῦσα κόνις μέλαν αἷμα A.Eu. 979

(lyr.), cf. Th. 736 (lyr.), 821, S.OT 1401; of plants, X.Smp.2.25; of a lamp,

π. τοὔλαιον Luc.Cat.27

;

λύχνος.. πολλὰ πιὼν μέλη AP5.196

(Mel., dub. l.). (I.-E. pōy- and pī-, cf. Skt. pāy-áyati 'cause to drink', pīti- 'a drink', Lat. pōtus, etc.)

Ἄ̱πιε, Ἆπις

masc nom /voc /acc dual (epic doric ionic aeolic)

ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

Ἄ̱πιε, Ἆπις

masc nom /voc /acc dual (epic doric ionic aeolic)

ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

ἄπιος 1

pear-tree: fem voc sg

ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

ἄ̱πιε, ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

ἄπιος 1

pear-tree: fem voc sg

ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

ἄ̱πιε, ἄπιος 2

far away: masc voc sg

τῆ, old [dialect] Ep. Interjection,

A there!, in Hom. always followed by imper.,

τῆ, σπεῖσον Διὶ.. Il.24.287

;

τῆ, πίε οἶνον Od.9.347

;

τῆ, τόδε φάρμακον ἐσθλὸν ἔχων ἔρχευ 10.287

;

τῆ νῦν.. ἱμάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ Il.14.219

;

τῆ νῦν, καὶ σοὶ τοῦτο κειμήλιον ἔστω 23.618

;

τῆ δὴ τοῦτο πόρε κρέας Od.8.477

;

τῆ δὲ τόδε κρήδεμνον.. τάνυσσαι 5.346

: rare after Hom.,

τῆ νῦν τόδε πῖθι λαβών Cratin.141

(adapting Hom., anap.);

τῆ νῦν καταδέχεσθε τοὺς φακούς Eup.350

;

τῆ, Γυλλί, πῖθι Herod.1.82

: without imper., prob. in Call.Epigr.33,38: folld. by an acc., Simm.26.3 (but f.l. in AP9.316.11 (Leon.)): pl.

τῆτε Sophr.156

. (Prob. an old case-form (with pan-Hellenic η, cf. Sophr., Simm. ll. cc.) of demonstr. stem το-; cf. τῆδε: wrongly expld. by Gramm. as imper. ( = λαβέ) of*[full] τάω (Eust.980.4 ) or Τῆμι (Sch. Ar.Av. 1310): the variant τῇ, found in some Mss. (including papyri) of Hom., and in the papyrus of Herod. l.c.. is censured by Apollon.Lex.)

ἁρπακ-τί, Adv.

A = ἁρπάγδην, greedily,

ἁρπακτὶ πίε CIG8470b

(vase).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to press, to push, beset' (Il.).

Other forms: - έω (Hom. as v.l.; Hp., Herod., Plb.), aor. πιέσαι (IA.), pass. πιεσθῆναι (θ 336), also πι-έξαι, - εχθῆναι (Hp., Epidaur.); fut. πιέσω, perf. midd. πεπίεσμαι (Arist.; - ίεγμαι Hp.), act. πεπίεκα; besides πιάζω (Alcm., Alc., hell.). πιάσαι (- άξαι Theoc.), πιασθῆναι, πεπίασμαι (hell.), rarely w. ἐπ-, ἀπο- a.o.

Compounds: Often w. συν-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- a.o.

Derivatives: 1. πίε-(πία-)σις ( συν-, ἀπο-πιέζω) f. `pressing, pressure' (Pl., Arist.); 2. - σμός ( ἐκ-, συν- πιέζω a.o.) m. `id.' (Hp., Arist.); 3. - σμα ( ἀπο-, ἐκ- πιέζω a.o.) n. `pressure, pressed mass' (Hp., Eub.); 4. - στήρ m. `presser, press' (Att. inscr., medic.) with - στήριος `pressing', n. `press' (Dsc.); 5. - στρον n. `id.' (Hp., Gal.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: On πιεζ-έω as innovation beside older πιέζ-ω cf. κυρ-έω beside κύρ-ω a.o. (Schwyzer 721). Also πιάζω is an innovation (after the verbs in - άζω; perh. also phonet. explainable; s. Schwyzer 244 w. lit., a.o. Wackernagel IF 25, 336f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1032 f.). -- Not certainly interpreted. Great semantic and phonetic similarity shows Skt. pīḍáyati `squeeze, press, hurt', which stands first for * pizd- and would give Gr. *πίζω. For it πιέζω after ἕζω (Schwyzer 721 n. 5)? Diff., very hard, Kuiper Acta Or. 12, 227f.: πιέζω from *pii̯es-dō as full grade of * pis-d- in Skt. pīḍ-. Further combinations hypothetic: * piz-d- from * pis-d- as d-enlargement of IE * pis- in Lat. pīnsō `pound, crush' (Fick, Curtius a. A.; cf. πτίσσω). -- Earlier (Brugmann, Osthoff etc.; s. Bq s.v. and WP. 2, 486 [Pok. 887]) from *(e)pi-sed-i̯ō resp. *( e)pi-zd- (\> pīḍáyati) prop. *"sit upon" = `squeeze' explained; against this Kuiper l.c. and Mayrhofer s.v. w. rich lit. and many details.

Page in Frisk: 2,533-534

εὐφραίνω fut. εὐφρανῶ LXX; 1 aor. εὔ-and ηὔφρανα LXX; inf. εὐφρᾶναι Hm 12, 3, 4; B 21:9. Pass.: 1 fut. εὐφρανθήσομαι; 1 aor. ηὐφράνθην (also εὐ-LXX) (s. φρήν; Hom.+).

① to cause to be glad, gladden, cheer (up) τινά someone act. (Hom.+; OGI 504, 10 εὐφρᾶναι ὑμᾶς; PFlor 154 II, 12; LXX; En 107:3; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 186; Jos., Ant. 4, 117) τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; who makes me glad? 2 Cor 2:2. εἰς τὸ εὐφρᾶναι ὑμᾶς to cheer you B 21:9. Of the commandments of the angel of repentance δυνάμεναι εὐφρᾶναι καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου be able to gladden the heart of a person Hm 12, 3, 4 (cp. Ps 18:9; 103:15 εὐφραίνει καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου; Pr 23:15; Sir 40:20; PsSol 5:12 εὐφρᾶναι ψυχὴν ταπεινοῦ; Aelian, VH 1, 32; CB I/2 386 no. 232, 19 τὴν ψυχὴν εὐφραίνετε πάντοτε).

② to be glad or delighted, be glad, enjoy oneself, rejoice, celebrate pass. w. act. sense (Hom.+; also OdeSol 11:15; Ar. [Milne 76, 30]; Just., D. 80, 1 al; Mel., P. 16, 103 al.) ἐπί τινι (Aristoph., Acharn. 5; X., Symp. 7, 5; Epict. 4, 4, 46; BGU 1080, 7; Sir 16:1, 2; 18:32; 1 Macc 11:44; 12:12; Philo, Mos. 1. 247; TestLevi 18:13) Rv 18:20; B 10:11. ἐπί τινα (Is 61:10; Ps 31:11) Rv 18:20 v.l. ἔν τινι in, about, or over someone or someth. (X., Hier. 1, 16; BGU 248, 28; Sir 14:5; 39:31; 51:15, 29; PsSol 5:18; ApcMos 43; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 194) Hs 9, 18, 4; Rv 18:20 v.l. ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν Ac 7:41 (s. 3 below); ἐν τοῖς δικαιώμασιν αὐτοῦ εὐ. take delight in God’s ordinances B 4:11 (cp. Ps 18:9). διά τινος be gladdened by someth. = rejoice in someth. (X., Hier. 1, 8; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 194) 1:8. Abs. (PGM 3, 24; 4, 2389; En 25:6; TestSol 1:1 A; 1:10 D; ParJer 6:6; Philo, Cher. 86; SibOr 3, 785) Lk 15:32 (but s. 3 below); Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9); Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43); Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1); Rv 11:10; 12:12; 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:32); 2 Cl 2:1 (Is 54:1); 19:4; Dg 12:9; Hv 3, 4, 2; m 5, 1, 2; Hs 5, 7, 1; 9, 11, 8; ApcPt 4:18. Esp. of the joys of dining (Od. 2, 311; X., Cyr. 8, 7, 12; Dt 14:26; 27:7; TestAbr 4 p. 80, 25 [Stone p. 8], B 5 p. 109, 16 [Stone p. 66]) φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου eat, drink, be merry Lk 12:19 (cp. Eccl 8:15; Eur., Alcest. 788; for the theme cp. Is 22:13; 1 Cor 15:32 and s. ἐσθίω 1d); cp. 15:23f, 29 and s. 3 below; 16:19. τελεσθέντος τοῦ δείπνου κατέβησαν εὐφρανόμενοι GJs 6:3.

③ to observe a special occasion with festivity, celebrate pass., in this sense prob. Lk 15:23, 29, 32; Ac 7:41 (s. 2 above).—DELG s.v. φρήν. M-M. EDNT. TW.

πίνω (Hom.+) impf. ἔπινον; fut. πίομαι (W-S. 13, 6; 17; B-D-F §74, 2; 77; Rob. 354), 2 sg. πίεσαι (Ruth 2:9; B-D-F §87; Thackeray p. 218; 282; Rob. 340; Mlt-H. 198); 2 aor. ἔπιον (on ἔπιαν 1 Cor 10:4 D s. B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208), impv. πίε, πιέτω, inf. πιεῖν (edd. contracted πεῖν [πῖν]; s. B-D-F §101 p. 48; §31, 2; W-S. §5, 23b; Rob. 72; 204; Mayser 365; Thackeray p. 63f; W-H., app. 170); perf. πέπωκα; plpf. 3 sg. πεπώκει 1 Km 30:12 (W-S. §13, 15; B-D-F §83, 1).

① to take in a liquid internally, drink, w. acc. of someth. that is drunk Mt 6:25; Mk 16:18; Lk 12:29. αἷμα (Num 23:24; 1 Ch 11:19 al.; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]): J 6:53f, 56 (cp. the imagery in Jos., Bell. 5, 344 ἐσθίειν … καὶ τὸ τῆς πόλεως αἷμα πίνειν). οἶνον Lk 1:15 (cp. Dt 29:5); 5:39; cp. Mt 26:29b; Ro 14:21 (Is 22:13) al. τί πίωμεν; what will we have to drink? Mt 6:31. φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν ὅσον ἄν βούλωνται MPol 7:2. ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν τὰ παρά τινος eat and drink what someone sets before one Lk 10:7. Foll. by ἀπό τινος drink (of) someth. (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 1lβ p. 433 Jac. [Sotion Fgm. 17 in Παραδοξογράφοι W. p. 185] π. ἀπʼ αὐτῆς [a spring], resulting in confession of things perpetrated in secret; Ael. Aristid. 39, 4 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Jer 28:7; GrBar 4:6; Just., D. 140, 1) 22:18. μηδεὶς φαγέτω μηδὲ πιέτω ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας D 9:5. Foll. by ἔκ τινος (of) someth. (Gen 9:21; TestJos 19:5; GrBar 5:2; Syntipas p. 43, 15 ἐκ τοῦ δηλητηρίου πίομαι) Mt 26:29a; Mk 14:25a; J 4:13f. Foll. by acc. of the vessel fr. which one drinks, in which case the vessel and its contents are identified (ποτήριον a) ποτήριον κυρίου πίνειν 1 Cor 10:21; cp. 11:26f. The vessel can also be introduced by ἐκ (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 16 and 17 D.²; Aristoph., Equ. 1289; Pla., Rep. 417a; X., An. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ ποτηρίων; SIG 1168, 80) ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω (s. 2 Km 12:3) 1 Cor 11:28; cp. Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23. Likew. ἐξ αὐτοῦ (=ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος.—Paus. Attic. κ, 56 κρήνη, ἐξ ἧς ἔπινον; Num 21:22; Philo, Deus Imm. 155) from it J 4:12. ἐκ πέτρας 1 Cor 10:4b.—On the acc. κρίμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει 11:29b cp. κρίμα 4b.—Abs. Mt 27:34b. W. ἐσθίειν 11:18f; Lk 5:33; 12:19 (Phoenix Col. 1, 9 [Coll. Alex. p. 231]), 45 al.; cp 17:8 (on the protocol in 17:7 cp. ViAesopi G 61 P.). ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔπιεν 1 Cl 3:1 (cp. Dt. 32:15); I Tr 9:1. οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ φαγεῖν οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ πεῖν (=πιεῖν) AcPl Ox 6, 7f (=Aa 1, 241, 12f). τρώγειν καὶ π. Mt 24:38; cp. 1 Cor 15:32. ἐσθίειν καὶ π. μετά τινος eat and drink w. someone Mt 24:49; Mk 2:16 v.l.; Lk 5:30. δοῦναί τινι πιεῖν (τι) give someone someth. to drink (numerous exx. of δοῦναι πιεῖν in AKnox and WHeadlam, Herodas 1922 p. 55f; Jos., Ant. 2, 64) Mt 27:34a; Mk 15:23 v.l.; J 4:7 (δὸς πεῖν as POxy 1088, 55 [I A.D.] and Cyranides p. 49, 16. Cp. Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915 p. 12 σοι δώσουσι πιεῖν θείης ἀπὸ κρήνης [IV/III B.C.]), vs. 10. πῶς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς, how can you ask me for a drink? vs. 9.—In imagery, of the earth: γῆ ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν ὑετόν Hb 6:7 (this figure and corresp. exprs. Trag. et al.; cp. Hdt. 3, 117; 4, 198; Anacreontea 21, 1; Dt 11:11; SibOr 3, 696). In J, Jesus calls those who are thirsty to him, that they may drink the water he gives them and never thirst again (cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 5 πίνειν τῆς ἀθανασίας) J 4:14; 7:37.

② In an idiom πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον w. added words that make the sense clear drink the cup=submit to a severe trial, or death (ποτήριον b) Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f; J 18:11; cp. Mt 26:42; ApcPt Rainer 16 (for the fig. use cp. Herodas 1, 25 π. ἐκ καινῆς=from the new cup. Then, as Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f of those who suffer the same fate: Aristoph., Eq. 1289 οὔποτʼ ἐκ ταὐτοῦ μεθʼ ἡμῶν πίεται ποτηρίου=he will never drink from the same cup as we do; Libanius, Ep. 355, 4 F. μνήμη τῶν ἐκ ταὐτοῦ κρατῆρος πεπωκότων). Sim. πίεται ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 14:10; cp. 18:3 (on the rdg. s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 50f; θυμός 1; 2; cp. w. acc. τρώγειν καὶ π. τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸν τῆς ἀθανασίας ἄρτον Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 293, 12]).—B. 331. DELG s.v. πίνω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ποτήριον, ου, τό (dim. of ποτήρ [πίνω]; Alcaeus, Sappho, Hdt.+) a vessel used for drinking, cup (in Gk. lit. mostly for drinking of wine)

ⓐ lit. Mt 23:25f; Mk 7:4, 8 v.l.; Lk 11:39. π. χρυσοῦν (ChronLind B, 42) Rv 17:4 (s. on πόρνη 2). W. gen. of its contents: π. ὕδατος Mk 9:41 (Just., D. 65, 3; 66, 4). π. ψυχροῦ a cup of cold water Mt 10:42 (on the ellipsis s. B-D-F §241, 7; Rob. 1202). Oft. in the language of the Eucharist λαβὼν ποτήριον Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; cp. Lk 22:17, 20a; 1 Cor 11:25a; IPhld 4; D 9:2.—The cup stands, by metonymy, for what it contains (Pr 23:31) Lk 22:20b; 1 Cor 11:25b, 26 (τὸ ποτ. corresponds to τὸν ἄρτον).—ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πίνειν vs. 28 (Alcaeus 34 D.²). τὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας (JosAs 8:11; s. εὐλογία 3bβ) 1 Cor 10:16. W. gen. of the pers. who bestows the drink (τὸ) ποτήριον (τοῦ) κυρίου πίνειν vs. 21a; 11:27. Opp. ποτήριον δαιμονίων 10:21b (FDölger, D. Kelch der Dämonen: Ac IV 266–70).

ⓑ fig. (in the OT ποτήριον is an expr. for destiny in both good and bad senses, for death in general TestAbr A 1 al. On the concept of drinking a cup of suffering cp. Is 51:17, 22; La 4:21; Ps 10:6; 74:9.—WLotz, D. Sinnbild des Bechers: NKZ 28, 1917, 396–407; F-JLeenhardt, Le Sacrement de la Sainte Cène ’48, 43–45) of undergoing a violent death; first of Christ himself τὸ ποτήριον ὸ̔ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ πατὴρ οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό; shall I not drink the cup which the Father has given me? J 18:11. Cp. Mt 20:22; 26:39, 42 v.l.; Mk 10:38; 14:36 (Cranfield, ET 59, ’47/48, 137f; DDaube, A Prayer Pattern in Judaism, Studia Evangelica 73, ’59, 539–45); Lk 22:42. Of Peter’s martyrdom πίε τὸ ποτήριον … ἐν χειροῖν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου drink the cup from the hands of the son, (who is) in Hades ApcPt Rainer 16–18 (on the quest. of the identity of the υἱός s. the comments by Ja. p. 274). The martyrdom of a Christian is corresp. described as a λαβεῖν μέρος ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ share in the cup of Christ MPol 14:2. Cp. Mt 20:23; Mk 10:39 (s. on these pass. ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei: GGAbh. n.s. VII/5, 1904, NGG 1907, 266ff, ZNW 11, 1910, 89–104; FSpitta, ibid. 39–58; CBruston, RTQR 19, 1910, 338–44, RHPR 5, 1925, 69–71; VWeber, Der Katholik 92, 1912, 434–45; JBernard, ET 39, 1928, 456–58).—On τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ Rv 16:19 s. θυμός 1 and 2. On the pass. connected w. it, i.e. Rv 14:10; 18:6, s. κεράννυμι 1.—B. 348. DELG s.v. C 7. M-M. EDNT. TW.

χείρ, χειρός, ἡ (Hom.+); on the acc. form χεῖραν J 20:25 v.l.; 1 Pt 5:6 v.l.; GJs 15:4 23:2 s. JPsichari, Essai sur le Grec de la Septante 1908, 164–70. Exx. fr. the pap in the Hdb. at J 20:25. Dual acc. τὼ χεῖρε only Tat. 22, 1. Dat. χειροῖν ApcPt Rainer ‘hand’.

① lit. Mt 12:10; Mk 3:1; Lk 6:6, 8; Ac 12:7; 20:34 al.; AcPlCor 2:35. πόδες καὶ χεῖρες Mt 22:13; cp. Lk 24:39, 40; Ac 21:11a. W. other parts of the body in sing. and pl. Mt 5:(29), 30; 18:8ab, (9); J 11:44. In the gen. w. the verbs ἅπτομαι Mt 8:15; ἐπιλαμβάνομαι (q.v. 1); κρατέω (q.v. 3b). In the acc. w. the verbs αἴρω (q.v. 1a); ἀπονίπτομαι (q.v.); βάλλω J 20:25b; δέω (q.v. 1b); δίδωμι (q.v. 2); ἐκπετάννυμι (q.v.); ἐκτείνω (q.v. 1); ἐπαίρω (q.v. 1); ἐπιβάλλω (q.v. 1b); ἐπισείω (q.v. 1); ἐπιτίθημι (q.v. 1aα; s. New Docs 4, 248 on laying on of hands; JCoppens, L’imposition des mains dans les Actes des Apôtres: Les Actes des Apôtres, ed. JKremer ’79, 405–38); cp. ἐπίθεσις (τῶν) χειρῶν (s. ἐπίθεσις); κατασείω (q.v.); νίπτομαι (s. νίπτω 1bβ and the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 1; also JDöller, Das rituelle Händewaschen bei den Juden: Theol.-prakt. Quartalschr. 64, 1911, 748–58); τίθημι (q.v. 1aβ); ποιεῖν: ὀπίσω τὰς χεῖρας (ὀπίσω 1aβ) and τὰς χ. ἐναλλάξ (s. ἐναλλάξ); προσφέρω (q.v. 1bβ).—In the instrumental dat. ἔγραψα τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί (cp. Chariton 8, 4, 6; BGU 326 II, 2 al. in pap.—χείρ= handwriting as early as Hyperides in Pollux 2, 152, also Philod., π. ποιημ. 4, 33; 6, 14 Jens.; PMagd 25, 2 [III B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 52) Gal 6:11; Phlm 19. ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί (i.e. γέγραπται) 1 Cor 16:21; Col 4:18; 2 Th 3:17 (on the conclusion of a letter written in the sender’s own handwriting, in pap letters as well as in the works of the Emperor Julian [Epistulae, Leges etc., ed. Bidez and Cumont 1922, nos. 9; 11], s. CBruns, Die Unterschriften in den röm. Rechtsurkunden: ABA 1876, 41–138; KDziatzko, entry Brief: Pauly-W. III 1899, 836ff; Dssm., LO 132f; 137f [LAE 166f; 171f]; s. also lit. s.v. χαίρω 2b). ἐννεύω τῇ χ. (s. ἐννεύω). κατασείω τῇ χ. (s. κατασείω 2). κρατέω τῇ χ. (κρατέω 3b). Pl. ταῖς χερσίν with the hands (Demetr. Phaler.: 228 Fgm. 38, 28 Jac. [in Diog. L. 2, 13] ταῖς ἰδίαις χερσίν; Diod S 16, 33, 1 τ. ἰδίαις χ. 17, 17, 7 al.; Aesop, Fab. 272 P.=425 H.; Herm. Wr. 5, 2) Lk 6:1; 1 Cor 4:12; Eph 4:28; 1 Th 4:11 (s. HPreisker, Das Ethos d. Arbeit im NT ’36); Papias (3:3).—τὸ ἔργον τῶν χειρῶν τινος s. ἔργον 3 and Rv 9:20.—W. prepositions: the hand on or in which someth. lies or fr. which someth. comes or is taken: ἐν τῇ χειρί Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. (ἔχειν τι) εἰς τὰς χεῖρας Hv 1, 2, 2. ἐπὶ τὴν χεῖρα Rv 20:1. ἐπὶ χειρῶν Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12; s. end of this section). ἐκ (τῆς) χειρός (Diod S 2, 8, 6) Rv 8:4; 10:10. The hand by which someth. comes about: of deities θεοὶ οἱ διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι gods that are made by hand Ac 19:26 (cp. Just., A I, 20, 5). Of an earthly temple οἰκοδομητὸς ναὸς διὰ χειρός B 16:7.—The arm may be meant (as Hes., Theog. 150; Hdt. 2, 121, 5 ἐν τῷ ὤμῳ τὴν χεῖρα; Herodas 5, 83 ἐν τῇσι χερσὶ τῇσʼ ἐμῇσι=in my arms; Paus. 6, 14, 7; Galen, De Usu Part. 2, 2 vol. I p. 67, 1 Helmreich; Longus 1, 4, 2 χεῖρες εἰς ὤμους γυμναί) in ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12; but s. above). Whole for the part: finger Lk 15:22.

② an acting agent, hand (of), fig. ext. of 1. In this sense the focus is on the person or thing as the source of an activity.

ⓐ The OT (but cp. Diod S 3, 65, 3 ταῖς τῶν γυναικῶν χερσί=by the women; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 70 D.: μετὰ τῆς χειρὸς τῶν δικαίων; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 29; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 165 χειρὶ βαρβάρων) has a tendency to speak of a person’s activity as the work of one’s hand; διὰ χειρός ([τῶν] χειρῶν) τινος (בְּיַד פּ׳) through or by someone or someone’s activity, at the hand of Mk 6:2; Ac 2:23; 5:12; 7:25; 11:30; 14:3; 15:23; 19:11. Also ἐν χειρί (PsSol 16:14 ἐν χειρὶ σαπρίας by corruption; cp. AscIs 2:5 ἐν χερσίν) Gal 3:19. Corresp. the hands can represent the one who is acting οὐδὲ ὐπὸ χειρῶν ἀνθρωπίνων θεραπεύεται nor does God need to be served by humans Ac 17:25.

ⓑ The hand of deity means divine power (Il. 15, 695; Ael. Aristid. 47, 42 K.=23 p. 455 D.: ἐν χερσὶ τοῦ θεοῦ; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 1; 7–9 [p. 138 Holladay]; Ezk. Trag. 239 in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14; SibOr 3, 672; 795.—Porphyr. in Eus., PE 4, 23, 6 ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἔχων ὑπὸ χεῖρα, sc. τ. δαίμονας; Ath. 33, 2 παραβαίνων τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ). S. New Docs 2, 44.

α. as Creator (Ath. 34, 1) Ac 7:50 (Is 66:2). ποίησις χειρῶν αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:2). τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σου Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; ApcEsdr 1:10 p. 25, 2 Tdf.); 2:7 v.l. (Ps 8:7). Cp. B 5:10. In connection w. the account of creation the words ἄνθρωπον ταῖς ἱεραῖς χερσὶν ἔπλασεν 1 Cl 33:4 could be taken in the lit. sense.

β. as ruler, helper, worker of wonders, regulator of the universe: χεὶρ κυρίου ἦν μετʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 1:66; Ac 11:21 (TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 21 [Stone p. 48]).—Lk 23:46 (Ps 30:6); J 10:29; Ac 4:28 (w. βουλή, hence almost=‘will’; cp. Sir 25:26), 30; 1 Pt 5:6 (cp. Gen 16:9); 1 Cl 60:3. ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖραν GJs 15:4.

γ. as punisher (PsSol 5:6 μὴν βαρύνῃς τὴν χεῖρά σου ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1043a ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ τῶν θεῶν νέμεσις) χεὶρ κυρίου ἐπί σε (1 Km 12:15) Ac 13:11. ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας θεοῦ ζῶντος (s. ἐμπίπτω 2) Hb 10:31. Cp. 1 Cl 28:2.

δ. of the powerful hand of Christ or of an angel J 3:35; 10:28; 13:3. ἐκ χειρὸς ἀγγέλου GJs 8:1; 13:2; cp. ἀγγέλων 15:3.—σὺν χειρὶ ἀγγέλου with the help of an angel Ac 7:35.

ⓒ hostile power (Hom. et al.; LXX) παραδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς χεῖράς τινος hand over to someone(’s power) (TestJob 20:3; ParJer 1:6; s. παραδίδωμι 1b; cp. PsSol 2:7 ἐγκαταλείπειν; Jos., Ant 6, 273.—B-D-F §217, 2) Ac 21:11b; pass. Mt 17:22; 26:45; Mk 9:31; Lk 9:44; 24:7; Ac 28:17; D 16:4. Also παραδιδ. τινὰ ἐν χειρί τινος 1 Cl 55:5. τὸ αἷμα σου ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖράν μού ἐστιν your blood is in my power GJs 23:2; escape, etc. ἐκ (τῆς) χειρός τινος from someone’s power (UPZ 79, 18 [159 B.C.] ἐκπέφευγεν ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου; Gen 32:12; Ex 18:10; Jos., Vi. 83) Lk 1:71, 74; J 10:39; Ac 12:11; AcPl Ha 8, 10f; AcPlCor 1:8. ἐκ χειρὸς σιδήρου λύσει σε he will free you from the power of the sword 1 Cl 56:9 (Job 5:20; Mel., P. 67, 478). ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν ἡμῶν Ac 24:6 (7) v.l. (cp. X., An. 6, 3, 4; Lucian, Hermot. 9, end). ἐξέφυγον τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ 2 Cor 11:33 (Diod S 18, 73, 4 τὰς τοῦ Σελεύκου χεῖρας διαφυγῶν). ὑπὸ χειρὸς ἀνθρώπων παθεῖν B 5:5. πίε τὸ ποτήριον … ἐν χειροῖν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου drink the cup out of the hand of the son, who is in the nether world ApcPtRainer 17f.

③ distinctive prepositional combinations: ἐν χερσίν of someth. that one has in hand, w. which one is concerned at the moment (Hdt. 1, 35 τὸν γάμον ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 81 §342 τὰ ἐν χερσίν; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 74 D.; PPetr II, 9 [2], 4 [III B.C.] ἃ εἶχον ἐν ταῖς χερσίν; Jos., Bell. 43 165) ἐν χερσὶν ὁ ἀγών the contest is our concern at present 2 Cl 7:1. ὑπὸ χεῖρα continually (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 52; Jos., Ant. 12, 185) Hv 3, 10, 7; 5:5; m 4, 3, 6 (B-D-F §232, 1.—In pap we have the mng. ‘privately’, ‘little by little’: PTebt 71, 15 [II B.C.]; Gnomon [=BGU V] prooem. 2f; PAmh 136, 17).—KGrayston, The Significance of ‘Hand’ in the NT: B Rigaux Festschr. ’70, 479–87.—B. 237ff. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.