νεκτάρ-εος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `nectar, drink of the gods' (Il.).

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in νεκταρο-σταγής `dripping nectar' (com.).

Derivatives: νεκτάρ-εος `of nectar, smelling as nectar' (Il.), - ώδης `nectar-like' (Gp.); νεκτάριον n. plantname = ἑλένιον (Dsc.), also name of a medicine and several eye-salves (Gal.), with νεκταρίτης ( οἶνος) `wine spiced with νεκτάριον' (Dsc., Plin., Redard 98).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: As opposed to the comparable ἀμβροσία (s. βροτός) without certain etymology. Often considered as compoound of νεκ- in νέκ-ες (cf. νέκ-υς, νεκ-ρός) and a verb `get over, overcome', which is found a.o. in Skt. tárati and as zero grade final member in ap-túr `passing the waters', viśva-túr `overcoming everything' etc. (cf. τέρμα). Thus (after Grimm a.o.) esp. Thieme Studien 5ff. with extensive argumentation and criticism of other views: νέκταρ prop. as expression of the IE poetic language "das über die [Todes -]Vernichtung Hinwegrettende". Doubts in Leumann Gnomon 25, 190 f.; agreeing Schmitt KZ 77, 88 who refers to Skt. mr̥tyúmáti tr̥̄ `overcome death' (odanéna `through rice-milk' AV 4, 35). -- To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 161 ff. (agreeing Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 218 A.): νέ-κταρ prop. "Nichttotsein" (to κτέρες νεκροί H.; but s. on κτέρας), not better Grošelj Razprave II 46 f.: to Lith. nė̃koti `stir, knead'. New hypothesis by v. Windekens Rev.. belge de phil. 21, 146 ff.: to Toch. A ñkät, B ñakte `god'; thus Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 84, 13ff., but as Anatolian LW [loanword]. - Fur. 320 compares νικὰριον, an eye-salve. If this is correct, the word is clearly Pre-Greek; he also points to the Pre-Greek words in - αρ (134 n. 75). He holds that the existing interpretations are too Indo-Iranian in character, not so much Greek.

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     γλυκύς

     γλῠκύς

    I

    γλῠκεῖα, γλυκύ

    1) сладкий

    

(μέλι, νέκταρ Hom.; χυμός Arst.)

    2) пресный

    

(τὸ πότιμον καὴ γλυκὺ ὕδωρ Arst.)

    3) сладостный, приятный

    

(ὕπνος Hom.; ἵμερος Hom., Pind.; μέλος, ἐλπίς, βίοτος Pind.)

    4) приветливый, ласковый, милый, кроткий

    

(φρήν, γέλως Pind.; θυμός Anacr.; παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου Soph.)

    II

    - έος ὅ (sc. οἶνος) сладкое вино Arst.

στάζω, Hippon.57, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

στάξω LXXJe.49(42).18

, [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 3pl.

στάξοισι Pi.P.9.63

, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.

σταξεῦμες Theoc.18.46

: [tense] aor.

ἔσταξα E. HF 1355

, [dialect] Ep.

στάξα Il.19.39

, Pi.N.10.82:—[voice] Pass., ([etym.] ἐν-) Dsc.2.179: [tense] aor. 1 ἐστάχθην ([etym.] ἐπ-) Hp.Ulc.21: [tense] aor. 2 ἐστάγην ([etym.] ἐπ-, ἐν-) Dsc.1.19, 2.35:

I c. acc. rei, drop, let fall or shed drop by drop, [

Θέτις] Πατρόκλῳ.. νέκταρ στάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν Il.19.39

, cf. 348, 354;

σπέρμα θνατὸν ματρὶ τεᾷ στάξεν Pi.N.10.81

;

ἐξ ὀμμάτων σ. αἷμα A. Ch. 1058

;

ἱδρῶτα σώματος ἄπο E.Ba. 620

(troch.), cf. Tr. 1199;

βότρυν Id.Ph. 230

(lyr.);

ὕδωρ σ. πέτρα Id.Hipp. 122

(lyr.); esp. of tears,

σ. δάκρυ Id.IA 1466

;

ἀπ' ὀμμάτων ἔσταξα πηγάς Id.HF 1355

; and metaph.,

κατ' ὀμμάτων σ. πόθον Id.Hipp. 526

(lyr.);

μυριάδας χαρίτων AP5.12

(Phld.);

ἵμερον ἐξ ὀμμάτων Callistr.Stat.14

.

2 c. dat. rei, αἵματι στάζοντα χεῖρας having one's hands dripping with blood, A. Eu.42;

κάρα στάζων ἱδρῶτι S.Aj.10

;

ἀφρῷ γένειον E.IT 308

: also without acc., the part affected being in the nom.,

στάζουσι κόραι δακρύοισι Id. Ion 876

(anap.);

χέρ' αἵματι στάζουσαν Id.Ba. 1163

(lyr.): rarely c. gen.,

χεὶρ στάζει θυηλῆς εος S.El. 1423

.

3 abs., leak,

τῶν νεωρίων ἐπεσκευάσθαι τὰ στάζοντα Aen.Tact.11.3

.

II fall in drops, drip, trickle, ὕδωρ ς. Hdt.6.74;

στάζει.. φοίνιον τόδ'.. αἷμα S.Ph. 783

: metaph.,

σ. δ' ἐν ὕπνῳ πρὸ καρδίας.. πόνος A.Ag. 179

(lyr.);

ψόφος σ. δι' ὤτων E.Rh. 566

;

στάζω λισσάδος ὡς πέτρας λιβὰς ἀνήλιος Id.Andr. 533

(lyr.): c. gen., ὀπὸν στάζοντα τομῆς dripping from the cut, S.Fr. 534 (anap.);

αἷμα ἐξ ἄκρου ἔσταζε κρατός E.Med. 1199

, etc.;

σμικρὸν ἀπὸ ῥινῶν ἔσταξεν Hp.Epid.1.14

.

2 of dry things, as ripe fruit, drop off, A.Supp. 1001 (dub. l.).

σφεῖς,

A FORMS: nom.

σφεῖς Hdt.7.168

, Th.5.46,65, X.An. 7.5.9, HG5.2.8, Pl.R. 487c:—the uncontr, form σφέες is never found, cf. A.D.Pron.93.1, though recognized by Greg.Cor.p.479 S.:—the obl. cases only are used by Hom.

2 Gen. σφέων, in Hom. a monosyll., and sts. enclitic, Il.18.311, Od.3.134; poet. σφείων only in Il., and always in phrase ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων, 4.535, 5.626, 13.148; σφέων also in Hdt.2.4, 4.35, al.; [dialect] Att.

σφῶν IG12.39.67

, al., Th.1.120, al., Antipho 6.23, etc., also in Hom. in the phrase σφῶν αὐτῶν, Il.12.155, 19.302.

3 Dat. σφίσι ([etym.] ν ) or σφισι ([etym.] ν) 4.2, 17.453, 22.288, 474, A. Pr. 481, Hdt.1.4, al., Th.1.19, al., X.HG1.7.5, etc.; more freq. in the forms σφι, σφιν, Il.2.612, 614, al., A.Pr. 254, al., Hdt.1.31, al. (not in [dialect] Att. Prose); in Trag. never σφι; sts. elided σφ', Il.3.300, 8.4, etc.; σφιν also in [dialect] Dor. Prose, SIG56.48 (Argos, v B.C.), IG22.1126.25 (Delph. Amphict., iv B.C.), Schwyzer 92.5 (Argos, iii B.C.), Anon. in PSI9.1091.21:— σφίσι ([etym.] ν) is not enclitic acc. to A.D.Pron.98.12, sts. enclitic acc. to Hdn.Gr.2.42 (who says elsewh. (2.57 ) that pronouns beginning with σφ- are always enclitic); σφι ([etym.] ν) is enclitic, exc. at the beginning of a phrase, as

σφὶν δ' αὐτοῖς Hes.Fr.49

(cited by A.D.Pron.98.11).

4 Acc., [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. σφέᾰς (enclit. σφεας) Hom. (v. infr.), Archil.27.2, Hdt.1.4,5, al.; freq. to be pronounced as one long syllable, as in

οὐ μέν σφεας ἔτ' ἔολπα Od.8.315

, cf. 480, 13.213, 276; but also as a disyll., Il.12.43, Od.12.225, al.; σφᾰς enclit. in Il.5.567, Parm.1.12, Theoc.21.16, not enclit. in Opp.C.1.471, H.2.231; [dialect] Att.

σφᾶς IG12.101.3

, Th.1.24, E.Med. 1378, Or. 1127, etc.; enclit. σφας [ᾱ, cf. S.Ant. 128 (anap.)] S.OT 1470, 1508, OC 486; also σφε Il.19.265, Simon.99, Pi.P.5.86, A.Th. 630 (lyr.), 788 (lyr.), 864 (anap.), S.OT 1505, OC 605, 1669, E.Med. 394, etc.; never in Com. (for Ar.Eq. 1020 is a burlesque oracle), nor in [dialect] Att. Prose; once in Hdt. (7.170, sed leg. σφέας): neut. σφεα (v. infr. 111).

II Rare dialectic forms:—[dialect] Lacon. dat. φιν, EM702.41; used also by Emp.22.3, Call.Dian. 125, 213, Fr. 183, Nic.Th. 725: [dialect] Aeol. dat. and acc. ἄσφι, ἄσφε, Sapph.43, Alc.73: Syrac. dat. and acc. ψιν, ψε, Sophr.93,94, Theoc.4.3; ψε and ψεαυτόνς also Cretan, Rendic.Pont. Accad.Rom. di Arch.7.106, Riv.Fil.58(1930).473; Cret. dat.

ψιναυτοῖς Riv.Ist.Arch.2.19

: Arc. dat. σφεις IG5(2).6.10, 18 ([place name] Tegea).-- For the dual v. σφωέ: like other pl. forms σφε can be used with reference to two persons, Il.11.111, Od.8.271, 21.192, 206; so σφεας, Il.11.128.

III Gender:—in Hom. this Pron. has no neut.; in Od.9.70, 10.355, it refers to things, denoted by feminine nouns: but in [dialect] Ion. Prose occurs the neut. pl. σφεα, Hdt.1.46,89, 2.119, 3.53 ( σφε codd.), 7.50, Abyd.9; σφε is acc. pl. neut. in Theoc.15.80.

B MEANINGS:

I they, them, pl. of οὗ B.I,

ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη Il.18.311

;

τῶ σφεων πολέες κακὸν οἶτον ἐπέσπον Od.3.134

;

μετὰ δέ σφισι πότνια Ἥβη νέκταρ ἐῳνοχόει Il.4.2

;

οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει 2.614

;

ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα κράσεις ἠπίων ἀκεσμάτων A.Pr. 481

, cf. 443, 457, S.OT 1470, al., E.Med. 1378; this use is not found in Prose, exc. in dialects, SIG56.48 (Argos, v B.C.), IG22.1126.25 (Delph. Amphict., iv B.C.), Hdt.1.3, 2.15, al.

b παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι ἑστᾶσι beside each of them, Il.5.195.

2 reflexively, as pl. of

οὗ B. 11.1

,

ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων 4.535

, al.;

αἵ ἑ μετὰ σφίσιν εἶχον 22.474

, cf. Th.2.76; later with the same restriction as for

οὗ B. 11.1

, e.g.

φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη· ἢν γὰρ σφαλῇ, σφεῖς γε οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ δουλεύσουσι τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.7.168

, cf. Th.5.46,65, X.An.7.5.9, HG5.2.8, Pl.R. 487c.

3 oblique cases in combination with αὐτῶν, αὐτούς, etc., forming a reflex. Pron. used without the foreg. restriction,

ἐντὸς δὲ πυκάζοιεν σφέας αὐτούς Od.12.225

;

σφῶν δ' αὐτῶν κήδε' ἑκάστη Il.19.302

, cf. 12.155;

σφᾶς δ' αὐτάς Hes.Th.34

;

Κερκυραῖοι σφῶν αὐτῶν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς δοκοῦντας εἶναι ἐφόνευον Th.3.81

, cf. 1.139, al.; it sts. = ἀλλήλους ([etym.] - ων)

, ἀλλήλοις κοτέοντες ἐπὶ σφέας ὁρμήσωσι Hes.Sc. 403

;

ποθεινοτέρως σφῶν αὐτῶν ἔχειν X.Lac.1.5

; σφᾶς ( σφὰς cod. L) αὐτοὺς.. ἐπέφραδον informed one another, A.R.2.959; but σφᾶς ἑωυτάς is prob. f.l. in Hp.Epid.2.1.3: cf. Thom.Mag.p.329 R.

II as sg., = him, her, in the dat. and acc. forms σφι (ν), σφε; σφιν is so used in h.Pan.19, h.Hom.30.9, A.Pers. 759, S.OC 1490 (in Od.15.524 σφιν refers to all the suitors, and in Hes.Sc. 113 to Ares and Cycnus); σφι in Lyc.1242; σφε = him, her, in Pi.I.6(5).74, A.Pr.9, Th. 469, al., S.OT 761, Ant.44, Ph. 200 (anap.), al., E.Alc. 107 (lyr.), 149, 200, Med.33, al.; = it (of a masc. noun) in S.OC40: f.l. for σφεα in Hdt.3.52,53, and for σφεας Id.1.71, al.

III once as 2 pers. pl. reflex.,

ἠνώγει δέ μ' ἰόντα.. πυθέσθαι ἠὲ.. ἦ.. φύξιν βουλεύοιτε μετὰ σφίσιν Il.10.398

(reported from φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν ib. 311); σφέας for ὑμᾶς in Hdt.3.71 (but with v.l. σφεα).

IV later as 1 pers. pl. (cf. σφέτερος, σφωΐτερος, ἑός)

, ἧμιν ἐνὶ σφίσι A.R.2.1278

; σφᾶς = ἡμᾶς, Men.Prot.p.119 D.; censured by Luc.Sol.8,9.

χεῖλος ([dialect] Dor. [full] χῆλος Cerc.1.5, [dialect] Aeol. [full] χέλλος Choerob. in An.Ox. 2.278), εος, τό: pl., gen.

A

χειλῶν Arist.HA 492b26

;

χειλέων Herod. 3.4

, LXXPr.12.13, al., Plu.Cat.Ma.12, v.l. in D.H.Comp.14: poet. dat. χείλεσσι (v. infr.):—lip, Hom., etc.: prov., ἐγέλασσε χείλεσιν laughed with the lips only, Il.15.102; χείλεα μέν τ' ἐδίην', ὑπερῴην δ' οὐκ ἐδίηνε wetted the lips, but not the palate, i.e. drank sparingly, 22.495;

νέκταρ ἐν χείλεσσι στάξοισι Pi.P.9.63

; πειθώ τις ἐπεκάθιζεν ἐπὶ τοῖς χ., of Pericles, Eup.94.5;

χείλεσιν διδοὺς ὀδόντας E.Ba. 621

(troch.); χείλεσιν ἀμφιλάλοις, of incessant talk, Ar.Ra. 678 (lyr.); δάκνων τὰ χ., of one in a difficulty, Eub.53.6;

ἄχρις ἡ ψυχή.. ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ Herod.

l.c.; ἐπὶ τοῖς χείλεσι τὰς ψυχὰς ἔχοντες 'with their hearts in their mouths', D.Chr.32.50; ἀπὸ χειλέων, opp. ἀπὸ καρδίας, Plu. l.c.;

ἀπ' ἄκρου χ. φιλοσοφεῖν

on the surface only,

Luc.Apol.6

; ἐπ' ἄκρου τοῦ χ. on the tip of one's tongue, Id.Ind.26; προσαρμόσαι τὰ χ. (sc. τῇ κύλικι) Id.DDeor.5.2; προσαρμόζειν τὰ χ., χείλη προσεγγίσαι χείλεσιν, of persons kissing, Id.DMeretr.5.3, Am.53; χείλεσιν διερρυηκόσιν with gaping lips, Ar.Nu. 873;

ἐν τοῖς χ. τιμᾶν LXXIs.29.13

; ἐν χ. ἑτέρων λαλεῖν, i.e. in strange speech, 1 Ep.Cor.14.21;

χ. ἓν πάντων LXXGe.11.6

, cf. Pr.10.19.

2 of horses, X.Eq.6.8: of birds, bill, beak, E. Ion 1199, Opp.H.3.247, AP9.333 (Mnasalc.).

II metaph. of things, edge, brink, rim, of a bowl,

χρυσῷ δ' ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράανται Od.4.616

, cf. 132;

Ἐλπὶς.. ἔμιμνε πίθου ὑπὸ χείλεσιν Hes.Op.97

, cf. Hdt.3.123, Ar.Ach. 459; of a ditch, Il.12.52, Hdt.1.179, Th.3.23; of the ocean, Mimn.11.7, cf. LXXGe.22.17;

τῶν τῆς γῆς τροχῶν Pl. Criti. 115e

; of rivers, lakes, Hdt.2.70,94, Arist.HA 570a22; of the whorls, Pl.R. 616d, 616e; αὐλαίας, τείχους, LXXEx.26.4, Plb.10.44.11; of the womb, Arist.HA 583a16; of a wound, Gal.11.127.