κατα-κληΐς

κατα-κλείς, εῖδος, or [full] κατάκλεις, ειδος, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [suff] κατα-κληΐς, ηῖδος, ἡ,

A instrument for shutting or fastening doors, distd. from the bolt ([etym.] μοχλός ) and bolt-pin ([etym.] βάλανος), Ar.V. 154, IG11(2).158A 65 (Delos, iii B.C., pl.); αἱ κ. τῶν ἀξόνων linch-pins, prob.l.in D.S.17.53.

2 pawl, check-hook, Ph.Bel.68.5, HeroBel.79.13.

3 κατακληΐς βελέμνων case for arrows, quiver, Call.Dian.82; cap or case fitted to an engine, Bito 59.3; also, socket for the arrow in the γαστραφέτης, Id.62.9.

4 pl., locks on a canal, PPetr.2p.43 (iii B.C.).

5 sheath for a pin, in pl., Sch.Od.18.294, Aristeas65, cf. Hsch. s.v. κληῖδα.

II = ἀκρώμιον, Heliod. ap. Orib.48.48.1, Sor.2.62, Gal.2.766.

2 first rib, Id.18(2).956.

3 clavicular region, Id.14.703, Hdn.4.13.5.

III final remark, conclusion, Cic.Att. 9.18.3, prob. l. in ib.2.3.3.

2 close of a verse or set of verses, Heph.5.1, 6.6, Aristid.Quint.1.27, Sch.Ar.Ach. 659.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).

Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)

Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόρος

Compounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);

Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [604 partly] * kleh₂-u- `lock'

Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.

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ἵξις, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἴξις,, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] ἵκω)

A coming, E.Tr. 396 (prob.l.);

οὐ πτύσις ἀλλ' ἀναγωγὴ καλέεται, τῆς ἄνω ἴξιος [τῆς ὁδοῦ] τοὔνομα ἔχουσα Aret. SA2.2

;

οἶνος ὠκὺς ἐς τὴν ἄνω ἴξιν Id.CA2.4

.

2 passage through, οὐδαμῆ.. κατὰ τὴν τοῦ θώρηκος ἴ. Hp.Acut.15 (but perh. simply, 'at no point in the θ.') ; ἵξιν παρέχεσθαι allow free passage, dub. in Sch. Epicur.Ep.1p.8U. (fort. εἶξιν).

II direction, straight line, esp. vertical line, καθημένῳ πόδες ἐς τὴν ἄνω ἴ. κατ' ἰθὺ γούνασι his feet when he is seated should be vortically opposite his knees, Hp.Off.3; ἐπιδεῖν δεξιὰ ἐπ' ἀριστερά, ἀριστερὰ ἐπὶ δεξιά, πλὴν κεφαλῆς· ταύτην δὲ κατ' ἴξιν vertically, ib.9; βάλλεσθαι χρὴ τὸ ὀθόνιον κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν ἴ. τοῦ ἕλκεος directly over the wound, Id.Fract.26; τοὺς νάρθηκας.. μὴ κατὰ τὴν ἴ. τοῦ ἕλκεος προστιθέναι ibid.; ὁκόσα κοινωνεῖ τοῖσι τῆς κνήμης ὀστέοισι καὶ αὐτέῃ τῇ ἴξει ib.9 codd. (

κατὰ τὴν ἴξιν Gal.18(2).423

; κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν ἴ. Ermerins).

2 κατ' ἴξιν c. gen., corresponding to, on the same side as, ἤλγησεν κατὰ βουβῶνα, σπληνὸς κατ' ἴ., i.e. on the spleen or left side of the body, Hp.Epid.1.26.γ, cf. 4.35,37, Art.33, Fract.16, 18, Mul.1.17; τῶν ὀδόντων τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κάτω κατ' ἴ. Id.Art.31; = ex ipsa parte, Cass.Fel.37; ἐν πυρετοῖσι ἀπὸ σπληνὸς καὶ ἥπατος διὰ ῥινῶν αἱμορραγέουσι, κατ' ἴ. τοῦ σπλάγχνου τοῦ μυκτῆρος ῥέοντος the nostril corresponding to the organ in question, Aret.SA 2.2; ἡ κατ' ἴ. κληίς the corresponding (i.e. liver or right side) collarbone, ib.2.7, cf. CA1.10; κατὰ τὴν ὄπισθεν ἴ. at the back of the leg, Hp.Art.60.

3 more generally, in line with, κατ' ἴ. τοῦ πυγαίου ποιησάμενον τὴν σανίδα ib.75; κατ' ἴ. τῇ ἐντομῇ τῇ ἐς τὸν τοῖχον ib.47.

κατ-άγνῡμι, inf. - ύναι [pron. full] [ῠ] Th.4.11, Pl.Phdr. 265e; [full] καταγνύω Eub. 107.14, X.Oec.6.5; late [tense] pres. [full] κατάσσω, [full] κατεάσσω (qq. v.): [tense] fut.

A

κατάξω Eup.323

: [tense] aor.

κατέαξα Hom.

, etc. (v. infr.); [dialect] Ion.

κατῆξα Hp.Epid.5.26

; [ per.] 3sg. subj.

κατάξει SIG38.37

(Teos, v B.C.); part. κατάξας (Dobree for κατεάξας) Lys.3.42, Plu.2.526b (v.l. κατεάξας, κατάγξας); [dialect] Ep. opt. καυάξαις = καϝϝάξαις for κατ-ϝάξαις, Hes.Op. 666, 693:—[voice] Pass.,

κατάγνῠμαι Hp.Fract.45

, Art.67, Ar. Pax 703: [tense] impf.

κατεάγνυτο Epicur.Nat.113G.

: [tense] aor. 2 κατεάγην [prob. [pron. full] ᾰ] Ar. V. 1428, subj. κατ-ᾱγῶ ([var] contr. fr. κατᾰ-ϝᾰγ-) Id.Fr. 604, prob. in Id.Ach. 928, opt. κατᾱγείην ib. 944; part. καταγείς [prob. [pron. full] ᾱ] IG2.1673.33, 39, al., later

κατᾰγέντος APl.4.187

: [tense] fut.

καταγήσομαι

Cat.Cod. Astr.

8(4).129

: [tense] pf. κατέᾱγα, [dialect] Ion.

κατέηγα Hp.Art.67

(in pass. sense); part. κατεαγώς, written

κατειαγώς IG22.1673.55

, [var] contr. κατηγώς Phoenix5.1: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

κατέαγμαι Luc.Tim.10

, Paus.8.46.5, Artem. 5.32: [tense] aor. 1

κατεάχθην LXXJe.31(48).25

; inf.

καταχθῆναι Arist.PA 640a22

; part.

καταχθείς Anon.Lond.26.52

, D.Chr.11.82.--The forms κατέαξα, κατεάγην led the copyists to insert the ε in unaugmented forms, as

κατεάξας Lys.

l.c.,

κατεαγῇ Hp.Art.50

,

κατεαγῆναι Pl.Grg. 469d

, and such forms were in use in later Gr., as

κατεάξει Ev.Matt.12.20

,

κατεαγῶσιν Ev.Jo.19.31

,

κατέαξαν BGU908.25

(ii A.D.):— break in pieces, shatter,

κατά θ' ἅρματα ἄξω Il.8.403

;

ἄξονα Hes.Op. 693

; τὸ (sc. ἔγχος)

γὰρ κατεάξαμεν Il.13.257

;

νέα μέν μοι κατέαξε Ποσειδάων Od.9.283

, cf. Hes.Op. 666;

εἴ τινες μαχεσάμενοι ἔτυχον ἀλλήλων κατάξαντες τὰς κεφαλάς Lys.3.42

;

κατάξειέ τις αὐτοῦ μεθύων τὴν κεφαλήν Ar.Ach. 1166

cod. R (v.l. τῆς κεφαλῆς, cf.

οὐ γὰρ κατάξει τῆς κεφαλῆς τὰ ῥήματα Eup.323

,

κατῆξε τῶν πλευρέων Hp.Epid. 5.26

, v. sub fin.);

κατάξω τὴν κεφαλήν, ἄνθρωπέ, σου Men.Sam. 173

;

γυνὴ κατέαξ' ἐχῖνον Ar.V. 1436

;

Ναξίαν ἀμυγδάλην κατᾶξαι Phryn.

Com.68;

τὰς ἀμυγδαλᾶς.. κάταξον τῇ κεφαλῇ σαυτοῦ λίθῳ Ar.Fr. 590

: metaph., break up into species,

μὴ κ. μηδὲ κερματίζειν τὴν ἀρετήν Pl.Men. 79a

.

2 weaken, enervate,

πατρίδα θ', ἢν αὔξειν Χρεὼν καὶ μὴ κατᾶξαι E.Supp. 508

;

τὰς ψυχὰς καταγνύουσι X.Oec.6.5

: abs. in [tense] pf. part. κατεαγώς effeminate, D.H.Comp.18, Ath.12.524f; αὐλητὴς τῶν κ. Plu.Dem.4;

κ. μουσική S.E.M.6.14

.

II [voice] Pass. with [tense] pf. [voice] Act., to be broken,

δόρατα κατεηγότα Hdt.7.224

;

ὀστέα Hp. Fract.8

;

κληΐς Id.Art.14

;

περὶ δ' ἐμῷ κάρᾳ κατάγνυται τὸ τεῦχος S. Fr.565.3

;

κατέαγεν ἡ Χύτρα Ar.Th. 403

; esp. καταγῆναι τὴν κεφαλήν have one's head broken, And.1.61, Lys.3.14;

τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεαγέναι D.54.35

: Com.,

στάμνου κεφαλὴν κατεαγότος Ar.Pl. 545

;

τὸ κρανίον E.Cyc. 684

;

τὸ σκάφιον Ar.Fr. 604

; κατεαγέναι or κατάγνυσθαι τὰ ὦτα, of pugilists, Pl.Grg. 515e, Prt. 342b;

τὴν κλεῖν κατεαγώς D.18.67

: also c. gen. partit. (

οὐ πᾶσαν τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀλλὰ μέρος τι αὐτῆς Hdn.Philet. p.448

P.),

τῆς κεφαλῆς κατέαγε περὶ λίθῳ πεσών Ar.Ach. 1180

; κατεάγη τῆς κ. Id.V. 1428; τῆς κ. καταγῆναι (-εαγῆναι, -εαγέναι codd.)

δεῖν Pl.Grg. 469d

;

κατέαγα τοῦ κρανίου Luc.Tim.48

: metaph., to be shattered, of an argument, Epicur. l. c.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `stin (of blood), spot, defilement' (Trag., Antipho, X., Arist.).

Derivatives: κηλιδόω ( καλ- Ekphant. ap. Stob. 4, 7, 64) `stain, soil' (E., Arist., Ph.), κηλιδωτός (Suid., Gloss.). - Besides κηλάς, - άδος f. adjunct of the stormclouds (Thphr.), after H. also = χειμερινη ἡμέρα and αἴξ, ἥτις κατὰ τὸ μέτωπον σημεῖον ἔχει τυλοειδές, so prop. `spotted, sparkled'; also κηλήνη μέλαινα H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [547] * keh₂l- `white spot'?

Etymology: Formation as κληΐς, κνημίς a. o. (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.), like these from a noun. Whether κηλάς, κηλήνη go back on this noun is uncertain, as we must reckom with suffix-change and backformation. - An unknown word is the basis of an Italic adjective with comparable meaning Lat. cālidus `with a bless on the head' = Umbr. ( buf) kaleřuf `boves calidos' (like candidus, nitidus). To the same semantic sphere also Lith. kalýbas, -ývas `white-necked, of dogs' (with short vowel); further OIr. caile `stain' (IE. *kali̯o-). Semantically further off is Lat. cālīgō `fog, darkness', which Ernout-Meillet keep away. (Away remain Skt. kāla- `(blue)black', kalmaṣa- `spot, soil' (prob. LW [loanword], s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. vv.). Not here κελαινός with deviating vowel and peculiar formation. - Details in Pok. 547f., W.-Hofmann s. (2.) callidus and cālīgō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kalýbas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kal. Note that the suffix -ῑδ- is prob. Pre-Greek

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.

Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).

Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.

Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).

Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).

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