δείδῐθι

δείδω

perf imperat act 2nd sg (epic)

δείξω, (for δε-δϝοψ-α) [ per.] 1st sg. [tense] pf. in [tense] pres. sense, Il.14.44, Od.5.300 ( δείδιτε should prob. be restored for δείδετε in AP9.147 (Antag.)): [tense] fut.

A

δείσομαι Il.15.299

, etc.; later

δείσω Q.S.4.36

, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔδεισα, in Hom. ἔδδεισα (i.e. ἔδϝεισα, cf. ὑποδδείσας, = ὑποδϝείσας): [tense] aor. 2

δίον Il.22.251

(v. infr. 7), [ per.] 3sg.

δίε 5.566

; [tense] pf. δέδοικα, ας, ε, (in [tense] pres. sense), freq. in sg., Thgn.39, A.Pers. 751, Ar.Eq.38, etc.; rare in pl.,

δεδοίκαμεν Men.534.11

, Luc.Charid.24,

- κατε Ar.Ec. 181

; [dialect] Ep. δείδοικα (i.e. δε-δϝ-) Il.1.555, al.; subj.

δεδοίκωσι Hp.Art.37

; inf.

δεδοικέναι E.Supp. 548

, Ar.V. 1091, Pl.Ax. 372, etc.; part.

- κώς Anacr.43

, Ar. Pax 607, Hdt.1.107, etc.: [tense] plpf. in [tense] impf. sense, Ar. Pl. 684, Pl.R. 472a, etc.; [ per.] 3pl.

- οίκεσαν Th.4.27

, X.An.3.5.18 :— also

δέδια A.Pr. 184

(lyr.), S.OC 1469 (lyr.), commonly used in Prose, D.14.4, Luc.Prom.Es5, etc.;

δέδιε Amphis 33.6

, Men.223.13; pl. δέδιμεν, δέδιτε, Th.3.53,56, 4.126, etc.;

δεδίασι Ar.Eq. 224

, Pl.Ap. 29a, etc. (once in Hom., Il.24.663); [dialect] Ep. δείδια ib.13.49, al., [ per.] 3sg.

δείδιε Od.16.306

; pl.

δείδῐμεν Il.9.230

, etc.; δείδῐτε APl.c. (v. supr.); imper.

δέδῐθι Ar.Eq. 230

, V. 273, [dialect] Ep.

δείδῐθι Il.5.827

, etc.; later

δείδῑθι Nic.Al. 443

( δείδιχθι cod. opt.),

δέδῑθι Babr.75.2

codd.; subj.

δεδίη X.Ath.1.11

;

δεδίωσι Isoc.4.156

, etc.; inf.

δεδιέναι Th. 1.136

, Pl.Phd. 88b, etc., [dialect] Ep. δειδίμεν (to be distd. from [ per.] 1pl. indic. δείδιμεν) Od.9.274, 10.381; part.

δεδιώς Ar.Ec. 643

, Pl.. 448, Th.6.24, etc., fem. δεδιυῖα prob. in Pl.Phdr. 254e, [dialect] Ep. acc. δειδιότα, pl. -ιότες, -ιότων, -ιότας, Il.6.137, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐδεδίειν, εις, ει, Hyp.Lyc.6, D.34.27, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

δείδιε Il.18.34

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἐδεδίεσαν Th.4.55

codd., X. An.5.7.36,

ἐδέδισαν Pl.Lg. 685c

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl.

ἐδείδιμεν Il.6.99

, [ per.] 3pl.

ἐδείδισαν 5.790

, al.,

δείδισαν 15.652

(hence in late [dialect] Ep., [tense] impf. ἐδείδιου, -ιες, -ιε, Q.S.10.450, Nonn.D.2.608, 35.30):—in Prose the shorter forms are generally preferred:—fear, distd. from φοβέομαι (v. δέος): Construct.:

1 abs., Hom., etc.

2 folld. by a Prep., δ. περί τινι to be alarmed, anxious about.., Il.17.242, 5.566, etc.;

ἀμφί τινι A.Pr. 184

(lyr.);

τῆς τυραννίδος πέρι E.Supp. 446

;

ὑπέρ τινος Th.1.74

;

δ. ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων Plb.5.52.13

;

θορύβῳ Plu.Dem.9

.

3 folld. by a relat. clause, mostly with μή.., and folld. by subj., Il.1.555, etc.; rarely by indic.,

δείδω μὴ.. νημερτέα εἶπεν Od.5.300

;

ὃν δέδοικ' ἐγὼ μή μοι βεβήκη S.Ph. 493

, cf. OT 767, Th.6.88; δέδοιχ' ὅπως μὴ.. ἀναρρήξει κακά, = δέδοικα μή.., S.OT 1074, cf. D.8.53, 9.75, Ar.Eq. 112;

μὴ δείσῃς ποθ' ὡς.. ὄψεται S.El. 1309

; δ. μὴ οὐ, folld. by subj.,

δέδιμεν μὴ οὐ βέβαιοι ἦτε Th.3.57

, cf. Hdt.7.163, X.Mem.2.3.10, E.Andr. 626, etc.; also

δ. ὅπως λάθω E.IT 995

;

μὴ δείσητε ὡς οὐχ ἡδέως καθευδήσετε X. Cyr.6.2.30

.

4 c. inf., fear to do,

δεῖσαν δ' ὑποδέχθαι Il.7.93

, Th.1.136: c. acc. et inf.,

δ. νέμεσιν ἔσεσθαι Od.22.40

;

θανεῖν σε δείσας E. Ion 1564

: c. inf. [voice] Pass.,

οὐκ ἐδεδίεσαν βασανισθῆναι Lys.13.27

.

5 c. acc., fear, dread,

Δία Od.14.389

; σημάντορας ib.4.431, etc.;

τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον S.OT 448

;

τοὺς γονέας Pl.R. 562e

; coupled with

φοβοῦμαι, τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἡγούμενοι ἅπερ ἐδεδίεσαν φοβεῖσθαι Th.4.117

;

οὐδὲ δέδοικα οὐδὲ φοβοῦμαι τὸν μέλλοντα ἀγῶνα D.21.200

, cf. Isoc.12.48, Pl.Euthphr. 12b, 12c.

6 part. [tense] pf., τὸ δεδιός one's fearing, much like δέος, Th.1.36.

7 flee from, c. acc. (by assimilation to φοβήσομαι), Il.22.251.

δείδιτε, δείδω

perf imperat act 2nd pl (epic)

δείδιθι, δείδω

perf imperat act 2nd sg (epic)

δείληθι· φοβοῦ, Hsch. (leg. δείδιθι).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `appease, be merciful', perf. intr. and aor. pass. `be gracious' (Il.)

Other forms: rarely ἵλαμαι (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. ἵλασθαι Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), ἱλάονται (Β 550, ἱλάεσθαι A. R. 2, 847); aor. ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), ἱλάξασθαι (Delph., A. R.), pass. ἱλασθῆναι (LXX); fut. ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), ἱλάξομαι (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. ἔλλαθι (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. ἔλλατε (Call. Fr. 121); besides ἵλᾰθι, ἵλᾰτε (Theoc., A. R.), ἵληθι (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. ἱλήκῃσι (φ 365), opt. ἱλήκοι etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),

Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐξ-,

Derivatives: ἐξίλασις, ( ἐξ-)ἱλασμός (LXX), ἱλασία (inscr. Rom. empire), ( ἐξ-)ἵλασμα `appeasement, expiatory sacrifice' (LXX), ἱλάσιμος `appeasing' (M.Ant.; after ἰάσιμος a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 93), ἱλαστήριος `appeasing', - ιον `propitiatory gift' (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) ἱλατήριον ( Chron. Lind.), ἱλαστής `appeaser' (Aq., Thd.) with ἐξιλαστικός (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. ἵλαος (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the α below), ἵλεως (Att., also Ion.), ἵλεος (Cret. since III<sup>a</sup>, also Hdt.), hιλέ̄Ϝο̄ι dat. (Lac., IG 5: 1, 1562, VI-V<sup>a</sup>), ἴλλαος (Aeol., gramm.) `merciful, benevolent'; Arc. `appeased'; denomin. verb ἱλαόομαι ( ΜΑΜΑ 1, 230), ἱλεῶμαι, ἱλεόομαι (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) `appease' with ἱλέωσις (Plu.), ἱλεωτήριον (Phot., Suid.). 2. ἱλαρός `clear, glad', also = ἵλεως (Ar., X.) with ἱλαρότης, ἱλαρία, ἱλαρόω, - ρύνω, - ρεύομαι (hell.); Lat. loan hilarus, -is. 3. ἰλλάεις, - εντος (Alc.), ἱλᾶς, - ᾶντος (Hdn. Gr., H.) = ἴλλαος, ἵλαος and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. ἱλάειρα f. of φλόξ and σελήνη (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also ἑλάειρα (sch., Steph. Byz.) and ΕΛΕΡΑ (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after πίειρα, κτεάτειρα, Δάειρα etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [900] * selh₂- `make favourable'

Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative ἔλλαθι, ἔλλατε, for *σε-σλα-θι, - τε and so like τέ-τλα-θι, ἕ-στα-θι, δείδιθι = δέ-δϜι-θι to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des α in ἔλλᾱθι bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in ἵλᾱος (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA *εἵλαθι, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after φάνηθι etc. replaced by εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present ἱ̄λάσκομαι \< *σι-σλᾰ́-σκομαι, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. ἱλήκῃσι, ἱλήκοι for *εἱλ- (ind. *εἵληκα like εἴρηκα, τέ-τλη-κα), perh. also in ἵλᾰθι, - τε and Hom. ἵληθι (cf. εἵληθι H.), (or from *σι-σλη-θι). Also in the aorist- and future-forms ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι, ἱλάξασθαι, ἱλάσσομαι, ἱλάξομαι the length was introduced; beside it there is short in ἱλάσσεαι (Α 147), ἱλασσάμενοι (Α 100), ἵλαμαι (h. Hom.; but ἵ̄λασθαι Orph.), ἱλάομαι, also in ἱλαρός and ἱλάειρα (Emp. 85). The short ῐ- which is ununderstandable, may replace the ε- ( ἑλάειρα [s. above], *ἕλαμαι, *ἑλαρός) after ἱλάσκομαι. - Also ἵληϜος, ἵλεως, ἵλᾰος from reduplicated *σι-σλη-, σι-σλᾰ-. The old ablaut selǝ-: sleh₁-: slǝ- (cf. telǝ-: tlā-: tlǝ- in τελα-μών: ἔ-τλᾱ-ν: τέ-τλᾰ-θι) of which sla- is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. aɫač`em `pray' \< *slh₂-ske\/o- is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on *si-slh₂-ske\/o-; the aorist would have been * selh₂-s- of which the initial has been influenced by the present.

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