βρονταί

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres subj mp 2nd sg

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres ind mp 2nd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres subj act 3rd sg

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres ind act 3rd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάζω

fut ind mid 2nd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάζω

fut ind act 3rd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντή

thunder: fem dat sg (doric aeolic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres subj mp 2nd sg

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres ind mp 2nd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres subj act 3rd sg

βροντᾷ, βροντάω

thunder: pres ind act 3rd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάζω

fut ind mid 2nd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντάζω

fut ind act 3rd sg (epic)

βροντᾷ, βροντή

thunder: fem dat sg (doric aeolic)

βροντή

thunder: fem nom /voc pl

φωνή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① an auditory effect, sound, tone, noise the source of which is added in the gen.: of musical instruments (Pla., Rep. 3, 397a ὀργάνων; Eur., Tro. 127 συρίγγων; Plut., Mor. 713c ψαλτηρίου καὶ αὐλοῦ; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 6; Paus. Attic. α, 169; Ex 19:16, Is 18:3 and PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος; cp. ParJer 3:2; Is 24:8 κιθάρας; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 13=p. 144, 94f Holladay) σάλπιγγος Mt 24:31 v.l.; D 16:6. φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος blasts of the trumpet Rv 8:13b; or of those who play them κιθαρῳδῶν 14:2d; 18:22a; cp. 10:7. Of the noise made by a millstone 18:22b. Of a shout produced by a crowd of people φωνὴ ὄχλου πολλοῦ 19:1, 6a (cp. Da 10:6 Theod.; also λαοῦ πολλοῦ PsSol 8:2). Of the sound caused by spoken words (Da 10:9; Just., D. 131, 2 μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς) ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου Lk 1:44. φωνὴ ῥημάτων sound of words Hb 12:19. Cp. 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). ἔσομαι φωνή I will be just a meaningless sound (in contrast to Ignatius functioning as a λόγος θεοῦ [=meaningful expression of God] if his adherents abstain from pleas in his behalf) IRo 2:1 (s. ἠχώ). Abs. of the sound made by a wail of sorrow (cp. TestJob 40:9; TestIss 1:4) Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). μεγάλη φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ GPt 9:35.—Of musical instruments it is said that they φωνὴν διδόναι produce sound (in ref. to mere sonant capability in contrast to distinguishable notes) 1 Cor 14:7f.—In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm? In Ex 19:16 φωναὶ κ. ἀστραπαί are surely thunder and lightning. But in Ex 9:23, 28; 1 Km 12:18 the mng. of φωναί remains unclear. Cp. also Esth 1:1d φωναί, βρονταί).—Freq. in imagery: of wind sound J 3:8; cp. Ac 2:6. Of thunderclap (1 Km 7:10; GrBar 6:13) Rv 6:1; 14:2c; 19:6c. Of roar of water (Ezk 1:24b) 1:15b; 14:2b; 19:6b. Of whirring of wings (Ezk 1:24a) 9:9a. Of the clatter of chariots 9:9 b (cp. Ezk 3:13; 26:10).

② the faculty of utterance, voice (Tat. 15:3 προύχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθον φωνήν=humankind excels beasts in articulate utterance)

ⓐ gener. of sonant aspect: any form of speech or other utterance w. the voice can take place μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης Lk 17:15; ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Rv 5:2; 14:7, 9; mostly φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; Achilles Tat. 8, 1, 1; SibOr 3, 669; 5, 63) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 1:42 v.l. (s. κραυγή 1b); 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 6:10; 7:2, 10 al.; IPhld 7:1a. μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῃ (Diod S 1, 70, 5; 8, 23, 3; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 1, Tim. 9; ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) Ac 14:10 v.l. 26:24; ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ Rv 18:2. ἐν φωνῇ μιᾷ IEph 4:2; μιᾷ φ. (Pla., Laws 1, 634e; Diod S 11, 9, 3; 11, 26, 6; 19, 81, 2; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.; Lucian, Nigr. 14) ApcPt 5:19.—αἴρειν φωνήν (αἴρω 1b) Lk 17:13; πρός τινα Ac 4:24. ἐπαίρειν φωνήν (ParJer 9:14; s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 11:27; Ac 2:14; 14:11; 22:22; AcPl Ha 6, 33. ἀκούειν τῆς φωνῆς τινος hear someone speaking or calling (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 42:3; TestJos 9:4; ParJer 3:10) J 5:25, 28; 10:3; Hb 3:7, 15; 4:7 (the last three Ps 94:7); w. a neg. and acc. (φωνήν) Mt 12:19 (cp. Is 42:2); J 5:37. The same expr.=listen to someone’s speech or call, follow someone (Gen 3:17) 10:16, 27; 18:37; Rv 3:20; B 8:7; cp. 9:2 (s. Ex 15:26).—(ἡ) φωνὴ (τοῦ) νυμφίου (cp. Jer 25:10) J 3:29 (cp. Arrian, Cyneg. 17, 1 the dogs χαίρουσιν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ δεσπότου γνωρίζουσαι); Rv 18:23.

ⓑ voice as it varies from individual to individual or fr. one mood to another (X., An. 2, 6, 9; Gen 27:22; Tat. 5:2) ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου Ac 12:14. Cp. J 10:4f (s. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 320, horses). ἤθελον ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου Gal 4:20 (ἀλλάσσω 1; φωνή=tone: Diod. S 8, 5, 4 πᾶσαν φωνήν=every variation in tone; Artem. 4, 56 p. 235, 15).

ⓒ that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (Sb 7251, 21 [III/IV A.D.]=order, command) ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην Mk 15:37. φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία a single outcry arose Ac 19:34 (cp. Jos., Vi. 133). Cp. 22:14; 24:21. Pl. (Ael. Aristid. 52, 3 K.=28 p. 551 D.: ἦσαν φωναί; Jos., Vi. 231, Ant. 15, 52) φωναὶ μεγάλαι loud cries Lk 23:23a; cp. 23b. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς the thunders sounded forth their crashing peals Rv 10:3b. θεοῦ φωνὴ (D φωναί) καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου (this is) the utterance of a god and not of a mere mortal Ac 12:22 (Just., D. 119, 6 τῇ φωνῇ τοῦ θεοῦ; cp. 21, 1 αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine φωνή sounds forth fr. a φῶς μέγα that appears suddenly; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 11 D.: Πυθίας φωνή; Epict. 3, 23, 20 ἰδοὺ φωναὶ φιλοσόφου; 3, 22, 50; Biogr. p. 454 people received sayings of Hippocr. ὡς θεοῦ φωνὰς κ. οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνου προελθούσας ἐκ στόματος). φωνὴ ἐνεχθεῖσα αὐτῷ a declaration (was) borne to him 2 Pt 1:17; cp. vs. 18. Also of sayings in scripture αἱ φωναὶ τῶν προφητῶν Ac 13:27 (Ath. 9, 1; cp. Diod S 19, 1, 4 ἡ Σόλωνος φωνή; 20, 30, 2 τῆς τοῦ μάντεως [=τοῦ δαιμονίου] φωνῆς; Diog. L. 8, 14 sayings of Pythagoras). Of apostolic tradition τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης Papias (2:4) (s. ζάω, end; on Papias’ ‘living voice’ s. ABaum, NTS 44, ’98, 144–51).

ⓓ In accordance w. OT and Jewish usage gener. (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 315. The Socratic δαιμόνιον [=ὁ θεός Ep. 1, 7] is called ἡ φωνή: Socrat., Ep. 1, 9 [p. 222, 34 Malherbe] τὸ δαιμόνιόν μοι, ἡ φωνή, γέγονεν, cp. Pla., Apol. 31d) ‘the voice’ oft. speaks, though the (heavenly) speaker neither appears nor is mentioned (cp. PGM 3, 119 ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τῆς ἑβραικῆς φωνῆς.—In most cases the divine voice is differentiated fr. the divinity: Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 69 Jac. [in Diog. L. 1, 115] when Epimenides wishes to build τὸ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἱερόν: ῥαγῆναι φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ‘Ἐπιμενίδη, μὴ Νυμφῶν, ἀλλὰ Διός’=[when E. was building] a shrine for the Nymphs: a voice cried out from heaven, “Epimenides! Not for the Nymphs, but for Zeus!”; Plut., Mor. 355e; 775b; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 Lycurgus receives the laws ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ φωνῆς in Delphi; Artapanus; 726 Fgm. 3, 21 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 21]; Jos., Ant. 1, 185 φ. θεία παρῆν; 3, 90 φ. ὑψόθεν; cp. 2, 267) ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα (on the voice fr. heaven s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2a; also JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36, esp. 140–90, and FDölger, Ac V/3, ’36, 218–23) Mt 3:17; cp. 17:5. ἦλθεν φ. (ἐκ) Mk 9:7 v.l.; J 12:28; 30 v.l. (TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 15 [Stone p. 24] al.; cp. Ps. Callisth, 1, 45, 2f ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου the divine saying follows in direct discourse). ἐξῆλθεν φ. Rv 16:17 (ἐκ); 19:5 (ἀπό τοῦ θρόνου). γίνεται (ἐγένετο) φ. (ἐκ: Plut., Agis et Cleom. 807 [28, 3]: φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γενέσθαι φράζουσαν; Ael. Aristid. 40, 22 K.=5 p. 62 D.: φωνῆς θείας γενομένης … ἐκ τοῦ μητρῴου [=temple of the Mother of the Gods]) Mk 1:11; 9:7; Lk 3:22; 9:35f; J 12:30 (v.l. ἦλθεν; s. above); Ac 10:13, 15 (both πρὸς αὐτόν); MPol 9:1a; GEb 18, 37 (verb of origin understood), cp. ibid. ln. 38; ἐγένετο φ. κυρίου Ac 7:31 (cp. Jos., Vi. 259 ἐγένοντο φωναί). ἀπεκρίθη φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ 11:9; ἦχος φωνῆς μοι ἀπεκρίθη Hv 4, 1, 4. ἀκούειν φωνήν hear a voice (also w. such additions as λέγουσαν, ἐκ w. gen. of place, μεγάλην, gen. of the speaker) Ac 9:4; 22:9; 26:14; Rv 6:6f; 9:13; 10:4, 8; 12:10; 14:2; 18:4; MPol 9:1b; EpilMosq 4; φωνῆς w. the same mng. (w. corresp. additions) Ac 9:7; 11:7; 22:7 (MMeyer, The Light and Voice on the Damascus Road: Forum 2, ’86, 27–35 [Nag Hammadi pp. 30–32]); Rv 11:12; 14:13; 16:1; 21:3; GPt 10:41. Paul speaks διὰ φωνῆς πνεύματος ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 5.

ⓔ special cases: ἐπέστρεψα βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει μετʼ ἐμοῦ I turned around to see (to whom) the voice that was speaking to me (belonged) Rv 1, 12 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 1, 22 σκεψόμενοι τίς ἡ κραυγή; Aesop 248b H.=141 P.=146 H-H. ἐπεστράφη πρὸς τὴν φ.). φ. βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (it is) the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Is 40:3; cp. En 9:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4. Referring to Is 40:3, John the Baptist applies its words to himself J 1:23 the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Ael. Aristid. 49, 5 K.=25 p. 489 D.: φ. λέγοντός του ‘τεθεράπευσαι’; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 1 p. 364a φωνὴ βοῶντός του).—B 9:3.

③ a verbal code shared by a community to express ideas and feelings, language (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Cebes 33, 6; Aelian, VH 12, 48; Herodian 5, 3, 4; Diog. L. 8, 3; SEG VIII, 548, 17 [I B.C.]; PLond I, 77, 13 p. 232 [Christ. VIII A.D.]; PGM 12, 188 πᾶσα γλῶσσα κ. πᾶσα φωνή; Gen 11:1; Dt 28:49; 2 Macc 7:8, 21, 27; 4 Macc 12:7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; 50; 73 al.; Just., A I, 31, 1; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 29, 199) 1 Cor 14:10f; 2 Pt 2:16 (an animal w. ἀνθρώπου φ. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4:4 §14 βοῦς φωνὴν ἀφῆκεν ἀνθρώπου; schol. on Appolon. Rhod. 2, 1146 ὁ κριὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ χρησάμενος φωνῇ; sim. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; sim. TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [St. p. 62] a tree; ParJer 7:2 an eagle; Philo, Op. M. 156); Dg 5:1. ὁ λέων εἶπεν μιᾷ φωνῇ AcPlHa 5, 4 (on the probability that μια was misread for θεια s. the editor’s note, p. 41, 4).—B. 1248; 1260. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

λαλέω impf. ἐλάλουν; fut. λαλήσω; 1 aor. ἐλάλησα; pf. λελάληκα. Pass.: 1 fut. λαληθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐλαλήθην; pf. λελάλημαι (Soph.+). In older Gk. usu. of informal communication ranging from engagement in small talk to chattering and babbling, hence opp. of λέγω; in later Gk the trend, expressed esp. in the pseudepigr. and our lit., is toward equation with λέγω and broadening of the earlier usage.

① to make a sound, sound, give forth sounds/tones (Aesop fab. 248b H./146 H-H./202 Ch./v.l. 141 P.) that form a kind of speech, esp. of inanimate things (e.g. of the echo, Cass. Dio 74, 21, 14; of streams of water Achilles Tat. 2, 14, 8; OdeSol 11:6 τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λαλοῦν), of thunder ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταί Rv 10:4ab. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς vs. 3. Of a trumpet 4:1 (cp. Aristot., De Aud. p. 801a, 29 διὰ τούτων=flutes, etc.; Achilles Tat. 2, 14, 8 of the κιθάρα). Of the blood of Christ, that speaks more effectively than that of Abel (Gen 4:10) Hb 12:24; s. 11:4 (Goodsp., Probs. 188). Cp. J 12:29.

② to utter words, talk, speak, of pers.

ⓐ of the act of speaking, intr.

α. (be able to) speak; to have and use the faculty of speech, in contrast to one who is incapable of speaking (cp. Ps 113:13; 134:16; 3 Macc 4:16; TestSol 10:3 C λ. ἀνθρωπίνως) Mt 9:33; 12:22; 15:31; Mk 7:37; Lk 1:20, 64; 11:14. ἐλάλει ὀρθῶς he could speak plainly (in contrast to the unintelligible utterances of a deaf-mute) Mk 7:35.

β. speak, express oneself (Aesop, Fab. 146 H-H. et al.) οὐ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες it is not you who (will) speak Mt 10:20 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 5 [Stone p. 14] ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐστὶν ὁ λαλῶν; AscIs 1, 7, τὸ πνεῦμα … τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί). προφῆται δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν two or three prophets are to express themselves 1 Cor 14:29. ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος while he was still speaking Mt 17:5; 26:47; Mk 5:35; 14:43; Lk 8:49; 22:47, 60. μηκέτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος AcPl Ha 5, 14 of a lion (?); μηκέτι λαλήσας 10, 25=MartPl Aa I 115, 16.—Lk 5:4; 1 Cor 14:11ab, al.—In contrast to listening (Plut., Mor. 502c λαλοῦντι μὲν πρὸς τ. ἀκούοντας μὴ ἀκούοντι δὲ τ. λαλούντων) Js 1:19; cp. 1 Cor 14:35.—In contrast to keeping silent (Lucian, Vit. Auct. 3) οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τ. δαιμόνια Mk 1:34; Lk 4:41 (λέγειν v.l.). λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς Ac 18:9. οὐ γὰρ ἐπιτρέπεται λαλείν (women) are not permitted to express themselves 1 Cor 14:34f (cp. Plut., Mor. 142d: a woman ought to take care of her home and be quiet; for she should either converse with her husband or through him). This pass. refers to expression in a congregational assembly, which would engage not only in worship but in discussion of congregational affairs; the latter appears to be implied here, for it was contrary to custom for Hellenic women, in contrast to their privileges in certain cultic rites (cp. 1 Cor 11:5), to participate in public deliberations (s. Danker, Benefactor 164, w. ref. to IG II, 1369, 107–9; for other views s. comm.).—In contrast to acting Js 2:12.

γ. The pers. to whom or with whom one is speaking is mentioned in various ways: in the dat. λ. τινί speak to or with someone (Aristoph., Equ. 348; Philemon Com. 11 Kock; Menander, Periciromene 220 σοί; Aelian, Ep. 14 p. 181, 1; Diog. L. 9, 64; pseudepigr.; Just., A I, 63, 14. λ. ἑαυτῷ=with oneself; Lev 1:1f; Ezk 33:30b) Mt 12:46ab, 47; 13:10; Mk 16:19; Lk 1:22; 24:6, 32; J 4:26 (cp. CB I/2, 566f no. 467–69 Ἀθάνατος Ἐπιτύνχανος says of himself: ἐγὼ εἶμαι ὁ λαλῶν πάντα); 9:29; 12:29; 15:22; Ac 9:27; Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 3:1; 1 Th 2:16; Hb 1:1f; by πρός and the acc. (Plut. Mor. 502c [s. β above]; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 44; Gen 27:6; Ex 30:11, 17, 22; JosAs 14:7 al.; ParJer 3:5; ApcMos 28; SibOr 3, 669; Just., D. 27, 3) Lk 1:19, 55; Ac 4:1; 8:26; 11:20; 26:31 (cp. Lat. ire in consilium; Taubenschlag, OpMin. II 725 [the pap ref. is unsatisfactory]); by μετά and the gen. (Gen 35:13) Mk 6:50; J 4:27; 9:37; 14:30; Rv 1:12; 10:8; 17:1; 21:9, 15. μὴ διαλίπῃς λαλῶν εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῶν ἁγίων Hv 4, 3, 6.—The pers. or thing spoken about is expressed by περί w. the gen. (PSI 361, 5 [251 B.C.] λαλήσας περί μου; PFay 126, 4 [c. 200 A.D.]; Gen 19:21; Ezk 33:30a; TestAbr B 8 p. 112 14 [Stone p. 72]; TestJob 46:7; JosAs 6:2 al.; Philo, Fuga 33, 30a) J 8:26; 12:41; Ac 2:31; Hb 2:5; 4:8.—τινὶ περί τινος (PPetr II, 13 (6), 9 [III B.C.]) Lk 2:38; 9:11; pass. Ac 22:10.

δ. The speaking or uttering can be more closely defined: κακῶς, καλῶς J 18:23. ὡς νήπιος 1 Cor 13:11. ὡς δράκων (hissed?) Rv 13:11. στόμα πρὸς στόμα face to face (cp. Num 12:8; ApcEsdr 6:6 p. 31, 10 Tdf.) 2J 12; 3J 14. εἰς ἀέρα 1 Cor 14:9. κατὰ κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ Mt 12:34; Lk 6:45. ἐκ τῆς γῆς J 3:31 (cp. Lev 1:1 λ. ἐκ τῆς σκηνῆς). ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων J 8:44. παρρησίᾳ 7:13, 26. ἐν παρρησίᾳ 16:29. ἐν παραβολαῖς Mt 13:10, 13. χωρὶς παραβολῆς Mk 4:34. λ. (ἐν) ψαλμοῖς speak in psalms Eph 5:19. Of prophets λ. ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7 (Just., D. 7, 1). Of God λ. διὰ στόματος τ. προφητῶν Lk 1:70; cp. Ac 28:25.

ε. as subst. ptc. τὰ λαλούμενα (Paradox. Vat. 2 Keller; Jos., Ant. 16, 321; Just., D. 7, 2) ὑπό τινος Ac 13:45; 16:14. τὰ λελαλημένα (EpArist 299; cp. TestSol 20:21 τὰ … λαληθέντα μοι) αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου Lk 1:45.—For λαλεῖν γλώσσῃ and λ. γλώσσαις s. γλῶσσα 3.

ⓑ of speech with ref. to what is expressed (the ability to λ. can generate λόγοι Aesop, Vi. G 7f P.), trans. speak and thereby assert, proclaim, say τὶ someth. (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 1 πολλά; Demosth. 45, 77 μέγα; Paradox. Vat. 2 τὰ ὀνόματα) τὰ ῥήματα τ. θεοῦ J 3:34. ῥῆμα Mt 12:36; cp. J 8:20 (JosAs 14:14 al.; ParJer 3:4.). τὸν λόγον Mk 8:32; J 12:48; Ac 4:29, 31 (λαλ. τι μετὰ παρρησίας as Jos., Ant. 16, 113); 8:25; 14:25; 16:6, 32. τὰ μεγαλεῖα τ. θεοῦ Ac 2:11 (TestJob 38:1). βλασφημίας Lk 5:21; cp. Ac 6:11 (JosAs 13:9; Just., D. 32, 3). σοφίαν 1 Cor 2:6f. μυστήρια 14:2; cp. Col 4:3. τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13. τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα Jd 16; μεγάλα Rv 13:5. τί Mt 10:19; Mk 13:11; J 12:49. ὸ̔ λαλεῖ Mk 11:23; cp. J 10:6; 12:50. ταῦτα Lk 24:36; J 8:28, 30; 12:36; 17:1; AcPl Ha 10, 11. ἐλάλησέν τι περὶ σοῦ πονηρόν Ac 28:21 (cp. 3 Km 22:8, 13b; JosAs 12:5). ἐσύρετο μηδὲν λαλῶν (Paul) let himself be dragged in without saying a word AcPl Ha 4, 11.—Pass. λαλεῖταί τι someth. is said, proclaimed, reported (cp. the ins for mother and brother [APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24, 8] ὧν καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τ. κόσμον λελάληται, also Ps 86:3) Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Hb 2:3; 9:19 ἡ λαλουμένη διδαχή Ac 17:19. ὁ λαληθεὶς λόγος Hb 2:2. ἐλαλήθη ὅτι 11:18 (B-D-F §397, 3).—Oft., in addition, the pers. spoken to is mentioned, in the dat. ἄλλην παραβολὴν ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς Mt 13:33. ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον he proclaimed the word to them Mk 2:2; 4:33; J 15:3; Ac 11:19. ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἐν παραβολαῖς Mt 13:3; cp. vs. 34. τὸ ῥῆμα … αὐτοῖς Lk 2:50; cp. J 6:63.—8:40 (ἀλήθειαν λ. as Eph 4:25 below); 14:25; 15:11; 16:1, 4, 6. ἀνθρώποις λαλεῖ οἰκοδομήν 1 Cor 14:3; w. πρός and acc. (Gen 18:19; Zech 8:16) λόγους … ἐλάλησα πρὸς ὑμᾶς Lk 24:44 (cp. Dt 10:4).—Ac 3:22; 11:14; 1 Th 2:2; w. ἐν and the dat. σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τ. τελείοις we discourse of wisdom among those who are mature 1 Cor 2:6; w. μετά and the gen. λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν ἕκαστος μετὰ τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ Eph 4:25 (cp. Zech 8:16). ὅσα ἂν λαλήσω μετὰ σοῦ Hs 5, 3, 2; cp. Hs ins.—W. the speaking definitely characterized ταῦτα ἐν παροιμίαις λελάληκα ὑμῖν J 16:25a. κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ταῦτα λαλῶ 1 Cor 9:8. ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ θέλω πέντε λόγους τῷ νοί̈ μου λαλῆσαι 14:19. πάντα ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ἐλαλήσαμεν ὑμῖν 2 Cor 7:14. ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ λαλεῖν Phil 1:14. λ. τι εἰς τὰ ὦτά τινος communicate someth. to someone personally (cp. Dt 5:1) Hv 3, 8, 11 (for 4, 3, 6 s. 2aγ above). λ. τι πρὸς τὸ οὖς whisper someth. in someone’s ear (so that no one else hears it; cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 165) Lk 12:3.

③ In a number of passages the content of the speaking is introduced by λέγων (s. λέγω 1bθא), just as in the OT (Gen 34:8; 41:9; 42:22; Ex 31:12; Lev 20:1; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 28 [Stone p. 80]; TestJob 7:1 al.; ParJer 1:1; 1:6 al.; ApcMos 16) Mt 13:3; 14:27; 23:1; 28:18; J 8:12; Ac 8:26; Rv 4:1; 17:1 al. Optional: εἶπον, q.v., end.—B. 1254. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

βᾰρῠ-ᾱχής, ές, [dialect] Dor. for

A

βαρυηχής, ταῦροι

bellowing,

B.15.18

; Ὠκεανός, βρονταί, Ar.Nu. 278, Av. 1750;

μέλισσαι Lyr.Alex.Adesp.7.15

.

II awakening sore lament, S.OC 1561, Sch. (al. βαρυαχεῖ).

βᾰρῠ-βρομος, ον,

A loud-roaring,

βαρύβρομα θωύσσοντες Hom.Fr. 25

;

πέλαγος B.16.76

; Trag. only in lyr., βρονταί, κῦμα, E.Ph. 183, Hel. 1305;

ἀκταί Id.Hyps.Fr.41.80

; loud-sounding, αὐλός, τύμπανα, Id.Hel. 1351, Ba. 156, cf.Ar.Nu. 313;

β. ἁρμονία Αἰολίς Lasus 1

.

βρενταί· βρονταί, Hsch. [full] βρέουιον,

A v. βρέβιον.

διατελ-ής, ές,

A continuous, incessant,

βρονταί S.OC 1514

; ever-flowing,

ὕδατα Ael.VH13.1

; permanent,

τυραννίδες Pl.R. 618a

; perpetual,

ἀρετή IG7.2509

([place name] Thebes). ( διὰ τέλους serves as the Adv.)

διηχ-ής, ές,

A conducting sound, Ar.Did.Epit.17, Plu.2.721e, Phlp.in de An.353.12, al.

II loud,

βρονταί Lyd.Ost.22

([comp] Sup.).

περιρρήγνῡμι and [suff] περι-ύω (Plu.Publ.6),

A break off all round,

τὸν γήλοφον κύκλῳ Pl.Criti. 113d

: freq. of clothes, rend and tear off,

τὸν χιτωνίσκον D.19.197

;

τὴν χλαμύδα Plb. 15.33.4

: also c. acc. pers., strip, Parth. 15.3 :—[voice] Med., περιερρήξατο τοὺς πέπλους tore off her own garments, Plu.Ant.77, cf. Ph.2.44 : abs., J.AJ9.7.3, Arr.An.7.24.3, D.Chr.35.9 ; [

γυναῖκες], περιερρηγμέναι Id.46.12

:—[voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 - ερράγην, intr. [tense] pf.

περιέρρωγα, περιρρηγνυμένων φαρέων A.Th. 328

(lyr.); of the case or membrane that encloses pupa or shellfish,

περιρρήγνυται τὸ κέλυφος Arist.HA 551a23

, cf. 552a6 ; περιερρωγέναι τὸ ὄστρακον ib. 601a13 (so in [voice] Act., ἡ σχάδων.. τὸν ὑμένα περιρρήξας (sic) ἐκπέταται ib. 554a30.—[voice] Med., τὰ ζῷα τὰ ἐκ τῶν σκωλήκων περιρρηγνύμενα ib. 552a9); πέτρα περιρραγεῖσα ib. 578b22 ; of dead flesh, break away, Hp.Fract. 26.

II cause a stream to break or divide round a piece of land, [

Βούσιρις] τὸν Νεῖλον περὶ τὴν χώραν περιέρρηξε Isoc.11.31

:—[voice] Pass.,

τοῦ Δέλτα κατὰ τὸ ὀξὺ περιρρήγνυται ὁ Νεῖλος Hdt.2.16

, cf. Ael.NA7.24 ; βρονταὶ περιερρήγνυντο kept breaking round a place, Plu.Crass. 19.

III break a thing round or on another, wreck,

τὸ σκαφίδιον πρὸς πέτραν Luc.Merc.Cond.2

, cf. Poll.1.114 ;

ἀλλήλοισι π. ἀέλλας Q.S.8.61

.

IV ὄρος περιερρωγός broken all round, i.e. precipitous, Nic.Dam.1 J.

πρηστήρ, ῆρος, ὁ, ([etym.] πρήθω)

A hurricane or waterspout attended with lightning (Placit.3.3.1, Arist.Mete. 371a16, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.203, Epicur. Ep.2p.47U., Lucr.6.424, 445),

πρηστήρων ἀνέμων Hes.Th. 846

;

θαλάσσης τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ γῆ, τὸ δ' ἥμισυ π. Heraclit.31

;

βρονταί τε καὶ πρηστῆρες ἐπεσπίπτουσι Hdt.7.42

;

τυφῷ καὶ πρηστῆρι Ar.Lys. 974

;

ὁ.. νεὼς τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἐνεπρήσθη π. ἐμπεσόντος X.HG1.3.1

;

π. χθόνιος

tornado,

Arist.Mu. 395a10

;

πρηστῆρες καὶ κεραυνοί Thphr.Ign.1

.

2 ὀμμάτων ἄπο αἱμοσταγῆ πρηστῆρε ῥεύσονται κάτω two jets of blood, E. Fr. 384.

II pair of bellows,

πρηστῆρος αὐλός Placit.2.20.1

, 2.25.1: pl., A.R.4.777.

III pl., veins of the neck when swollen by anger, Poll.2.134, Hsch.

IV a kind of serpent, whose bite is poisonous, Dsc.4.37, Philum.Ven.19, Ael.NA6.51.

σκληρός, ά, όν, also [dialect] Dor., Pi.O.7.29, Epich.[288], hyperdor. [full] σκλᾱρός Ti.Locr.104c:—

A hard, opp. μαλακός in all senses:

I hard to the touch,

ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν Thgn.1194

; ἐλαία Pi.l.c.;

γῆ A.Pers. 319

, cf. X.Oec.16.11;

κοίτη Pl.Lg. 942d

, etc.

2 of sound, harsh,

σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε Hes.Th. 839

;

βρονταί Hdt.8.12

;

ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα Arist.Aud. 801b38

, al.

3 of taste and smell, harsh, bitter, σ. ὕδατα (springing from a rocky soil) Hp.Aër.1; so

σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος Plb.4.21.5

; of wine, dry, Ar.Fr. 579, Dsc. Alex.Praef.;

ὀσμαί Thphr.CP6.14.12

([comp] Comp.): metaph.,

σ. φράσις D.H.Pomp.2

.

4 stiff, unyielding, opp. ὑγρός (lithe and supple),

τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια Ar.Ach. 1199

;

σκληρότεροι μαστοί Arist.PA 688a27

;

σκέλη X.Eq.1.6

; τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ ς. ib.10.10; of the hair (cf. σκληρόθριξ), Arist.HA 517b11 ([comp] Comp.), al.; σ. δέρμα, σάρξ, Id.PA 665a2, Phgn. 806b22, etc.; of persons, Pl.Tht. 162b, Smp. 196a, Plu.Ages.13, Luc.Salt.21; of dogs, X.Cyn.3.2; τράχηλος ib.5.30; οἱ τὸ σῶμα ς. Arist.Pr. 873a34, al.

5 κοιλίη ς. costive, Hp.Aph. 3.25, cf. Arist.PA 670b9.

6 of light, strong,

ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ Id.Col. 793b17

.

7 of a wind, strong, Ep.Jac.3.4, Poll.1.110, Ael.NA9.57.

II metaph.,

1 of things, hard, austere,

μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς Epich.

l.c.;

τροφή S.OC 1615

;

δίαιται E.Fr.525.5

;

βίος Men.522

; τὰ ς. hard words, S.OC 1406;

σ. συμφοραί E.Fr.684.3

;

σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων S.OC 774

; τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ ς. Plu.Phoc.2; τὸ σ. = σκληρότης, ἡ δίαιτα.. ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. Arist.Pol. 1270b33.

2 of persons, harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn, S.Fr.24.7, Pl.Tht. 155e, Ti.Locr. l.c.; σ. ἀοιδός, of the Sphinx, S.OT36;

σ. γὰρ αἰεί E.Alc. 500

;

ὦ σ. δαῖμον Ar.Nu. 1264

;

τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός Id. Pax 350

; ἄγροικοι καὶ ς. Arist.EN 1128a9;

σ. ψυχή S.Aj. 1361

, Tr. 1260(anap.);

σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα Id.Ant. 473

;

ἦθος Pl.Smp. 195e

; σ. θράσος stubborn courage, E.Andr. 261.

III Adv., - ρῶς καθῆσθαι, i.e. on a hard seat, Ar.Eq. 783;

εὐνάζεσθαι X. Cyn.12.2

.

2 hardly, with difficulty, E.Fr.282.9.

3 harshly, obstinately,

σ. διαμάχεσθαι Pl.Lg. 629a

; ἀπειλεῖν ib. 885d;

τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν Arist.Rh. 1408b9

;

σ. αὐλεῖν Id.Aud. 803a20

. (Prob. cogn. with σκέλλω.)

σύμφῡλ-ος, ον,

A of the same stock or race with,

αἱ μέλιτται καὶ τὰ σ. ζῷα ταύταις Arist.PA 682b10

; οἱ σύμφυλοι his congeners, Babr.101.3.

II metaph., of the same class with, βρονταί τε καὶ ἀστραπαὶ.. καὶ τἆλλα ἃ δὴ τούτοις ἐστὶ ς. Arist.Mu. 394a19; cognaie, suitable, νομή, τροφή, Plu.2.729c,991b; τὸ ς. ib.661e; of digested food,

συμφυλοτέραν τῷ ζῴῳ γενομένην Gal.6.303

;

τὰ σ. τῷ σώματι Plu.2.137b

; τὸ -ότατον [τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ] Phld.Vit.p.28 J.;

τῶν σ. ἡμῖν οἶνος Orib. Fr.124

;

σ. ἡ νόησις τῷ μερισμῷ Dam.Pr. 146

.

2 συμφύλων (- φίλων cod.) Χειρῶν προσαφῇ ( πρὸς ἁφήν cod.) θάλποντα (translated cum quodam calidarum manuum amplexu, Cael.Aur.TP3.22) Sor.2.28 (dub.).

τρόχ-ωσις, εως, ἡ,

A circular motion, [ βρονταὶ] -ώσεις ἐμποιοῦσι τῷ κενῷ Lyd. Ost.21.

ἀμφι-λᾰφής, ές, (prob. from [root ] λαφ-, cf. εἴ-ληφ-α; so)

A taking in on all sides, wide-spreading, of large trees. Hdt.4.172;

πλάτανος.. ἀ. τε καὶ ὑψηλή Pl.Phdr. 230b

.

2 thickly grown, thick,

ἀ. ἄλσος δένδρεσιν Call.Cer.27

, cf. Ael.NA7.6; also of hair, Philostr. Jun.Im.8, etc.;

ἀ. φολίδεσσι δράκων Nonn.D.5.153

.

3 generally, abundant, enormous,

δύναμις Pi.O.9.82

; βρονταί, χιών, Hdt.4.28,50; δόσις ἀ. a bounteous gift, A.Ag. 1015; γόος ἀ. loud wail, Ch. 331;

πήματα Id.Fr. 149

A;

κατάλυσις Jul.Ep.36

. Adv.

- φῶς

copiously,

Plu. Eum.6

; ἀ. ἔχειν, c. gen., Alciphr.3.60.

4 bulky, huge,

ἐλέφαντες Hdt.3.114

;

ἵππος A.R.4.1366

; νῆσος ib. 983;

παστάς Theoc.24.46

;

χορός Call.Dian.3

, etc.

b (as if Passive, held on all sides), palpable, Dam.Pr.13, 111.

5 rarely of persons, ἀ. τέχνῃ great in art, Call.Ap.42;

ἀ. τὴν διάνοιαν Dam.

ap. Suid.—Not in Hom. or in Early Prose.

ἐξαίσι-ος, ον, also α, ον X.HG4.3.8:—

A beyond what is ordained or fated, opp. ἐναίσιος: hence,

1 outstepping right, lawless, ῥέξας ἐξαίσιον having done some lawless act, Od.4.690; ἦ τινά που δείσας ἐ... fearing some lawless man, 17.577;

Θέτιδος.. ἐ. ἀρήν Il.15.598

;

ἀφροσύναι B.14.58

.

2 of omens, portentous, opp. ἐναίσιος, D.C. 38.13: [comp] Sup., Id.45.17.

3 of things, extraordinary,

ἐ. τὸ θερμόν Hp.Epid.7.94

; violent, of a wind, Hdt.3.26, X.HG5.4.17; χειμών, σεισμοί, Pl.Ti. 22e, 25c;

ὄμβροι X.Oec.5.18

;

ἐ. δεῖμα A.Supp. 514

;

γέλωτες καὶ δάκρυα Pl.Lg. 732c

: ἐ. φυγή headlong flight, X.HG4.3.8;

ἐ. βρονταί Plb.18.20.7

, cf. J.BJ4.4.5;

ὑπουργία Vit.Philonid.p.5C.

;

κάλλος Ph.2.166

;

χελῶναι ἐ. τοῖς μεγέθεσιν D.S.3.21

;

ἐ. τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τὸ ὕψος Id.13.82

. Adv.

- ίως Them.Or.26.312d

.

ἐπεισ-πίπτω,

A fall or burst in upon, c. dat.,

ναυστάθμοις E.Rh. 448

;

ἐ. αὐτοῖς πίνουσι X.Cyr.7.5.27

: also c. acc.,

ἐ. πόλιν E.HF34

: abs.,

τὰ ἐπεσπίπτοντα Hp.Vict.1.10

; burst in, S.OC 915, E.Hec. 1042, J.BJ6.9.4.

2 fall upon,

βρονταὶ καὶ πρηστῆρές τινι ἐπεσπίπτουσι Hdt.7.42

.

3 metaph.,

ἐπεισπίπτει οἰκοτ ριβὴς δαπάνη Critias 6.14

.

ὀμβρο-φόρος, ον,

A rain-bringing,

ἄνεμοι A.Supp.35

(anap.) ; παρθένοι (of the clouds) Ar.Nu. 299 ;

βρονταί Id.Av. 1750

;

κορῶναι Luc. JTr.31

.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `roar, grumble' (Il.).

Other forms: Only pres.

Compounds: βαρύ-βρομος etc. - βρεμέ-της in ἐρι-, ὑψι-βρεμέ-της (Il.). -βρέν-τᾱς in ἀναξι-βρέν-τᾱς, ἀργι-βρέν-τᾱς. Also αἰολο-βρόντᾱς from βροντάω.

Derivatives: βρόμος `loud noise' (Il.) with βρόμιος `boisterous' (Pi.), Βρόμιος as name of Bacchos (A.). - βροντή `thunder' (Il.), Βρόντης name of a Cyklops (Hes.), Βροντήσιος ( Ζεύς); βροντέα name of a precious stone (Plin.). Denom. βροντάω `thunder' (Il.). - βρενταί βρονταί H. from - βρεμέτης? - Deverb. βρομέω (iterat.-intens.) (Il.); βρωμάομαι `cry ' (Ar.). - Further βρεμεαίνων ἠχῶν H., s. βλεμεαίνω. βρόμος \/ βόρμος a plant = `oats' (Hp.), is probably Pre-Gr. (Fur. 392). Note that the - ντ-forms refer to thunder, whereas the forms with μ without τ indicate low sounds more in general.

Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]

Etymology: Resembles Lat. fremo `rumble, roar', OHG breman, Welsh brefu (Pok. 142) but they go back on * bhrem- whereas Greek has β-. So a (onom.) variant. Cf. χρεμετίζω.

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