ĭn-hūmānus

hūmānĭtas, ātis, f. [humanus], human nature, humanity, in a good sense; the qualities, feelings, and inclinations of mankind.

In gen. (for the most part only in Cic.):

magna est vis humanitatis, multum valet communio sanguinis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

naturas hominum vimque omnem humanitatis penitus perspicere,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 53:

humanitatis societas,

id. Rep. 2, 26:

communis humanitatis jus,

id. Fl. 11, 24; cf.:

communis humanitatis causa,

id. Quint. 16, 51:

peterem errato veniam ex humanitate communi,

id. Sull. 23, 64:

humanitatis prima species,

id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

at natura certe dedit, ut humanitatis non parum haberes,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

humanitatem tuam amoremque in tuos reditus celeritas declarabit,

id. Att. 4, 15, 2:

nec potuisse (te) non commoveri (viri amicissimi morte) nec fuisse id humanitatis tuae,

id. Lael. 2, 8:

fac, id quod est humanitatis tuae, ne quid aliud cures hoc tempore, nisi ut quam commodissime convalescas,

which you owe to yourself as a man, id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

assiduitate molestiarum sensum omnem humanitatis ex animis amittimus,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154 fin.; cf.:

jam ad ista obduruimus et humanitatem omnem exuimus,

id. Att. 13, 2, 1; id. Lig. 5, 14:

nisi ex ejus animo exstirpatam humanitatem arbitramur,

id. Lael. 13, 48:

age vero, quid esse potest in otio aut jucundius aut magis proprium humanitatis quam sermo facetus ac nulla in re rudis?

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

homines quidem pereunt: ipsa humanitas, ad quam homo effingitur, permanet,

Sen. Ep. 65.—

Transf., concr., i. q. humanum genus, the human race, mankind (very rare;

mostly post-class.): ista in figura hominis feritas a communi tamquam humanitatis corpore segreganda est,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 32:

humanitatem hoc loco dicimus omne hominum genus,

Hier. Ep. 147:

timorem omnem, quo humanitas regitur, sustulerunt,

Min. Fel. Oct. 8; App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 11; id. Trism. p. 288.

In partic.

Humane or gentle conduct towards others, humanity, philanthropy, gentleness, kindness, politeness (syn.: comitas, facilitas, mansuetudo, clementia, opp. severitas;

very freq. and class.): quemquamne existimas Catone proavo tuo commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?... Sed si illius comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 31, 66; cf.:

pro tua facilitate et humanitate,

id. Fam. 13, 24, 2:

difficillimam illam societatem gravitatis cum humanitate,

id. Leg. 3, 1, 1:

ut summa severitas summa cum humanitate jungatur,

id. Fam. 12, 27:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum, studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14; cf. id. Sull. 33, 92; id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 42; cf.

also: omnia plena clementiae, mansuetudinis, humanitatis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8 fin.; and: pro sua clementia atque humanitate, Hirt. B. G. 8, 21, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 2:

tantaque poena (eos) afficiamus, quantam aequitas humanitasque patitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 18:

singularis humanitas suavissimique mores,

id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6:

Caesaris summa erga nos humanitas,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 2; cf.:

amorem erga me, humanitatem suavitatemque desidero,

id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1:

humanitas vetat superbum esse adversus socios,

Sen. Ep. 88 med.:

humanitatis praecipua pars est, honestissimum quemque complecti, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 9, 5, 1:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, invicem qualiacumque laudandi,

Quint. 2, 2, 10.—

Mental cultivation befitting a man, liberal education, good breeding, elegance of manners or language, refinement (cf. on this signif. Gell. 13, 16; syn.: doctrina, litterae, eruditio;

freq. and class.): homo non communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

esse politum propriis humanitatis artibus,

id. Rep. 1, 17; cf.:

humanitate politiores,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

in omni recto studio atque humanitate versari,

id. ib. 1, 60, 256:

sine ulla bona arte, sine humanitate, sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

doctrinae studium atque humanitatis,

id. Cael. 10, 24; cf.:

propter humanitatem atque doctrinam Anco regi familiaris,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

in omni genere sermonis, in omni parte humanitatis dixerim oratorem perfectum esse debere,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 35 (Ellendt ad loc.):

orator inops quidam humanitatis atque inurbanus,

id. ib. 2, 10, 40:

ea quae multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut si quis in foro cantet,

good manners, id. Off. 1, 40, 145:

Socratem opinor in hac ironia dissimulantiaque longe lepore et humanitate omnibus praestisse,

polished language, id. de Or. 2, 67, 270:

(epistulae) humanitatis sparsae sale,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

alicujus litteras aut humanitatem adamare,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

litteris, et humanitate alicujus delectari,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8.

hūmānĭtus, adv. [humanus, like divinitus from divinus], humanly, after the manner of men.

In gen. (very rare but class.): ferre humana humanitus, Afran. ap. Non. 514, 20 (Com. Fragm. v. 290 Rib.); so, quicquam facere, Turp. ib. (Com. Fragm. v. 165 Rib.): si quid me (i. e. mihi) fuerit humanitus, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 161 Müll. (Ann. v. 128 Vahl.):

si quid mihi humanitus accidisset,

i. e. should I die, Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 10; and:

si quid ei humanitus attigisset,

App. Mag. 337:

ursi coëunt humanitus strati,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 174.—

In partic., for the usual humane and humaniter, humanely, kindly, tenderly:

tractare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 47.

ĭn-hūmānus, a, um, adj., not suitable to the human condition, that does not befit a human being.

Rude, savage, barbarous:

quis tam fuit durus et ferreus, quis tam inhumanus, qui non illorum miseria commoveretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121:

vox,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

scelus,

Liv. 1, 48, 7:

crudelitas,

id. 21, 4, 9:

via,

covered with corpses, Tac. H. 2, 70:

securitas,

that enjoyed itself during the slaughter, id. ib. 3, 83:

testamentum,

cruel, unjust, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107.—

Unpolished, uncivil, unmannerly, ill-bred, churlish, discourteous:

quis contumacior, quis inhumanior, quis superbior,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192:

moderati nec difficiles, nec inhumani senes,

id. de Sen. 3, 7:

at hoc idem si in convivio faciat, inhumanus videatur,

ill-bred, id. Off. 1, 40, 144:

agrestis et inhumana neglegentia,

id. ib. 36, 130:

homo inhumanissimus,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 24:

aures,

uncultivated, Cic. Or. 51, 172.—

Superhuman, godlike:

mensae,

App. M. 5, p. 334:

sententia,

id. de Deo Soc. 5, p. 44, 24.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

ĭnhūmānē, inhumanly, savagely, cruelly:

nimis graviter cruciat adulescentulum, nimisque inhumane,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 2:

facere contraque naturae legem,

Cic. Off. 3, 6, 30:

muta (oratio),

Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 16.— Comp.:

inhumanius dicere,

Cic. Lael. 13, 46.—

ĭn-hūmānĭter, uncivilly, discourteously:

me miratum esse istum tam inhumaniter fecisse, ut, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 21; id. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 137, acc. to Prisc. p. 1010 P. (where the MSS. have inhumane).

in-sătĭābĭlis, e, adj.

That cannot be satisfied, insatiable:

cupiditas,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

gaudium,

id. ib. 5, 25, 70:

crudelitas,

id. Phil. 1, 3, 8:

humanus animus,

Liv. 4, 13, 4:

acquirendi votum,

Juv. 14, 125. —

With gen.:

sanguinis,

Just. 1, 8, 13:

laudis,

Val. Max. 8, 14. 3:

spectaculi,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 1.—

That cannot cloy or sate, that never produces satiety:

varietas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 38:

nulla est insatiabilior species,

id. ib. 2, 62, 155.— Adv.: insătĭābĭlĭter, insatiably:

deflere,

Lucr. 3, 907:

in re inani desidere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 6, 3:

parare memoriam sui,

Tac. A. 4, 38:

opes congerere,

Lact. Ep. 4.

insŏlesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [insolens], to become unusual or strange.

Lit., of the voice, to begin to change, to become manly:

coepit Caelo vox insolescere,

Tert. ad Nat. 2, 12;

of the womb: uterus insolescens,

i. e. swelling up, Hier. in Helv. 18.—

Trop., to grow haughty or insolent, to become elated (mostly post-Aug.): ad superbiam, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 15:

per licentiam animus humanus insolescit,

Sall. C. 6, 7:

rebus secundis,

Tac. H. 2, 7; Just. 31, 8, 7.

is, ĕa, id (m. eis, C. I. L. 1, 198; n. it, ib. 5, 875 al., and freq. in MSS. of Plaut.), gen. ējus (old form eiius, C. I. L. 3, 1365 et saep.; v. Prisc. 1, 4, 18, p. 545;

also etius,

ib. 2, 1276 al.;

scanned ĕius,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 60; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374;

also Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 109: eius, monosyl.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 7 et saep.; dat. ĕï, in ante-class. poetry often ēi, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 46; Lucr. 2, 1136; 5, 300:

eiei, C. I. L. 1, 198, 12 al.: eei,

Inscr. Neap. 2423:

iei, C. I. L. 1, 205, col. 2, 12 al.: ei, monosyl.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 68; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138 et saep.; Cat. 82, 3; cf. Prisc. 7, 5, 21, p. 740; Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374:

eo,

Inscr. Murat. 582; f. eae, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 77 Ritschl; Cato, R. R. 46, 1; v. Varr. L. L. 8, 28, 51; acc. im for eum, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60; Charis. 1, 17, p. 107 sq.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 103; also em, Tab. XII., tab. 1, fr. 1.— Plur. nom. m. ĕi, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 32; id. Stich. 1, 3, 47; Ter. Ad. prol. 23; but in the MSS. ii; Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87 et saep.:

eei,

Inscr. Neap. 2423, 8: iei, C. I. L. 1, 185; Varr. L. L. 9, 1, 2 al.;

but ī,

Plaut. Trin. prol. 17; id. Mil. 3, 1, 158 al.; v. Ritschl prol. p. 98; gen. eum for eorum, Inscr. Murat. 582, 2; dat. and abl. eīs or iīs, also īs, C. I. L. 1, 198, 48; Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 140, and freq. in MSS.:

eis, monosyl.,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 36; id. Eun. 5, 8, 59 al.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 4, 934: ieis, C. I. L. 1, 204, col. 1, 5 al.;

old form also ībus,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 74; id. Truc. 1, 2, 17: ĭbus, Titin. et Pomp. ap. Non. p. 486; Lucr. 2, 88; cf. S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; v. Lachm. l. l.; f. eābus, Cato, R. R. 152; cf. Prisc. 7, 3, 11, p. 733; v. more on these forms, Neue, Formenl. 2, 191-196), pron. demonstr. [root i-; Sanscr. itas; hence, i-ha, here; cf. i-bi, i-ta, i-dem, etc.].

He, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing.

Referring to something already mentioned, in gen.

Referring to the third person:

fuit quidam senex Mercator: navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam: Is obiit mortem,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 16:

venit mihi obviam tuus puer: is mihi litteras abs te reddidit,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1:

objecit ut probrum nobiliori, quod is, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3.—

Of the first person:

ego me credidi Homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maxumo,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47:

haec omnia is feci, qui sodalis Dolabellae eram,

Cic. Fam. 12, 14; Sen. Ep. 63 al. —

Of the second person:

qui magister equitum fuisse tibi viderere, is per municipia cucurristi,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30.—

Esp.

In connection with a noun:

ea re, quia turpe sit, faciendum non esse,

Cic. Off. 3, 13:

ea res ut est Helvetiis enuntiata, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

ne ob eam rem tribueret, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 13:

flumen est Arar... id flumen, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 12: sub id tempus, Liv. [p. 1004] 43, 5:

ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi,

Cic. Lael. 1, 3:

ante eam diem,

id. Att. 2, 11, 2:

ea tempestate,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

quam urbem is rex condidit,

Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61.—

When is, ea, id would stand in the same case with the relative it is usually omitted; when the relative precedes, it is sometimes employed for emphasis:

male se res habet, cum, quod virtute effici debet, id temptatur pecuniā,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22. —

Connected with que and quidem, it gives prominence to a preceding idea:

cum una legione eaque vacillante,

and that, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 31:

inprimis nobis sermo isque multus de te fuit,

id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

tuus dolor humanus is quidem, sed, etc.,

id. ib. 12, 10:

vincula et ea sempiterna,

id. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

certa flagitiis merces, nec ea parva,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—

It is sometimes used instead of the reflexive pronoun:

Helvetii persuadent Rauracis, ut una cum iis (for secum) proficiscantur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

Caesar etiam privatas injurias ultus est, quod ejus soceri avum Tigurini interfecerant,

id. ib. 1, 12. —

It is sometimes placed, for greater emphasis, after a relative:

multitudinem, quae fortunis vestris imminebat, eam... se fecisse commemorat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 35, 95; cf.:

urbem novam conditam vi et armis, jure eam legibusque de integro condere parat,

Liv. 1, 19, 1.—

Id, n., to designate an idea in the most general manner, that (thing, fact, thought, circumstance, etc.).

In gen.:

quando verba vana ad id locorum fuerint, rebus standum esse,

hitherto, till now, Liv. 9, 45, 2; so,

ad id (sc. tempus),

id. 3, 22:

ad id diei,

Gell. 17, 8:

ad id quod natura cogeret, i. e. death,

Nep. Att. 22, 2:

id temporis,

at that time, Cic. Mil. 10, 28; id. Cat. 4, 1, 10: id. Att. 13, 33:

id aetatis,

at that age, id. de Or. 1, 47; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91.—

Esp.

Id, therefore, for that reason, on that account:

id ego gaudeo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3:

id misera maesta est,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 66:

idne estis auctores mihi?

do you advise me to that? Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 16.—

Id genus = ejus generis, Gell. 9, 12, 13:

aliquid id genus scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3.—

Ad id, for that purpose:

ad id quod sua quemque mala cogebant, evocati,

Liv. 3, 7, 8: ad id quod = praeterquam quod, besides that:

consul ad id, quod, etc., tunc quoque, etc.,

id. 44, 37, 12; 3, 62, 1; 26, 45, 8 al.—

In id, to that end, on that account, therefore:

in id fide a rege accepta,

Liv. 28, 17.—

In eo est, it is gone so far, is at that pass:

quod ad me de Lentulo scribis, non est in eo,

it is not come to that, is not so, Cic. Att. 12, 40:

cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,

when the soldiers were just on the point of scaling the walls, Liv. 2, 17, 5; 28, 22, 8; Nep. Milt. 7, 3: in eo est, also, it consists in that, depends upon that:

totum in eo est tectorium, ut sit concinnum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 254:

sic velim enitare quasi in eo mihi sint omnia,

id. Fam. 15, 14.—

Ex eo, from that, hence:

sed tamen ex eo, quod eam voluptatem videtur amplexari saepe vehementius, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9. —

Cum eo, ut (with subj.), with the condition or stipulation that, etc., Liv. 8, 14.—

Eo, adverbially, with the comp., so much, by so much; but frequently to be expressed in English by the, Cic. Quint. 9; so id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5.—

Sometimes is refers to the foll. substantive, instead of to the preceding relative:

quae vectigalia locasset, ea rata locatio (for eorum),

Liv. 23, 11:

ea libera conjectura est (for de hac re),

id. 4, 20:

quae pars major erit, eo stabitur consilio (for ejus),

id. 7, 35:

existit ea, quae gemma dicitur,

Cic. de Sen. 15.—Sometimes, for emphasis, it is placed before the relative quod, to represent a thought or clause:

ratus, id quod negotium poscebat, Jugurtham venturum,

Sall. J. 56, 1; id. C. 51, 20:

sive ille hoc ingenio potuisset, sive, id quod constaret, Platonis studiosus audiendi fuisset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 89:

si nos, id quod debet, nostra patria delectat,

id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

si, id quod facile factu fuit, vi armisque superassem,

id. Sest. 17, 39; 13, 30; so,

id quo,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

id de quo,

Liv. 21, 10, 9. — It is thus apparently pleonastic after substantives: Octavio Mamilio—is longe princeps Latini nominis erat...—ei Mamilio filiam nuptum dat, Liv. 1, 49, 9:

cultrum, quem habebat, eum defigit,

id. 1, 58, 11; cf. id. 3, 58, 1.—It is rarely pleonastic after the relative:

quod ne id facere posses, idcirco dixeram,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 79 dub. (B. and K. bracket id). —

He, she, it; that man or the man ( woman, thing), the one, that one, as a correlative to qui:

si is, qui erit adductus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207:

is mihi profecto servus spectatus satis, Cui dominus curae est,

Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 5. And also in the first person:

haec tibi scribo... is, qui flevi,

Sen. Ep. 1.—

Such, of such a sort, character, or quality:

in eum jam rediit locum, ut, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 118:

neque enim tu is es, qui, quid sis, nescias,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6; 4, 7, 2:

itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse vis,

id. Att. 7, 8, 1:

is eram natus... ut potuerim,

Liv. 7, 40, 8.— Adj.:

nec tamen eas cenas quaero, ut magnae reliquiae fiant,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8; id. Clu. 70:

quae causae sunt ejus modi, ut de earum jure dubium esse non possit,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 241:

est enim credo is vir iste, ut civitatis nomen sua auctoritate sustineat,

id. Fl. 15, 34. —

Such, so great, of so high a degree:

L. Mescinius ea mecum consuetudine conjunctus est, quod mihi quaestor fuit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 1.—Hence, advv.

ĕā (sc. parte, viā, etc.), on that side, by that way, there:

quod eā proxime accedi poterat,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 21:

itinera muniit: effecit ut eā elephantus ornatus ire posset, quā antea, etc.,

Nep. Ham. 3 fin.:

postquam comperit, transitum eā non esse,

Liv. 21, 32, 9; 5, 43, 2; 24, 2 fin.; 26, 11 fin.; 27, 15 fin. al. —

ĕō, v. 2. eo.

jŏcōsus, a, um, adj. [jocus], full of jesting, jocose, humorous, droll, facetious (class.).

Of persons:

homo humanus et jocosus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

Maecenas,

Hor. Epod. 3, 20:

Musa,

Ov. Tr. 2, 354.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

res,

Cic. Off. 1, 37:

lis,

Ov. M. 3, 332:

verba,

id. F. 6, 692:

furtum,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 7: Nilus, the sportive Nile, with reference to the merry lives of the Egyptians, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 80.— Adv.: jŏ-cōsē, jestingly, jocosely:

eumque lusi jocose satis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 2.— Comp.:

dicere aliquid jocosius,

Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 4; Hor. S. 1, 4, 104.

prospectus, a, um, Part., from prospicio.

prospectus, ūs, m. [prospicio].

Lit., a lookout, distant view, prospect (class.):

sterilis prospectus,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 15:

cum saepibus prospectus impediretur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 22; cf. Sall. J. 53, 1:

non prospectu modo extra vallum adempto, sed propinquo etiam congredientium inter se conspectu,

Liv. 10, 32:

petere prospectum ex arce,

Cat. 64, 241:

habere prospectum in praeceps,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 13, 5.—

Transf.

Sight, view:

aliquem in prospectum populi Romani producere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 122:

cum jam extremi essent in prospectu,

to be in sight, Caes. B. G. 5, 10; cf. Hirt. B. Afr. 62:

lugubris,

Tac. H. 1, 4:

praeclarus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

praebere prospectum navium,

Liv. 27, 23:

prospectum eripiens oculis,

Verg. A. 8, 254.—

Poet., sight, vision:

late Aequora prospectu metior,

Ov. H. 10, 28.—

Trop.

Regard, respect (post-class.):

cujus rationem prospectumque Bias non habuit,

Gell. 5, 11, 10; so,

prospectum officii deponere,

Val. Max. 5, 1, 3 ext. —

Foresight (eccl. Lat.):

humanus prospectus,

Tert. Spect. 1.

quam-vīs, adv. and conj.

Adv., as you will, as much as you will or like, ever so much, ever so; hence, to designate a very high degree, as much as possible, very much, exceedingly (class.):

quamvis multos nominatim proferre,

as many as you will, very many, Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

esse quamvis facetum atque salsum,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

quamvis callide, quamvis audacter, quamvis impudenter,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

quamvis subito,

id. Lael. 5, 17: et praeter eos quamvis enumeres multos licet, ever so many, id. Leg. 3, 10, 24:

per populum quamvis justum et moderatum,

id. Rep. 1, 27, 43; 2, 30, 101:

quamvis pauci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

quamvis pernix,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 79:

ridiculus,

id. Men. 2, 2, 43:

humanus et jocosus homo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5.—With sup.:

quamvis vitiosissimus orator,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103; Col. 7, 8, 4; 2, 2, 25; 4, 24, 19; Tac. H. 2, 30; 3, 28; Quint. 6, prooem. 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1.—

Conj., as much as ever you will, i. e. how much soever, however much, although, albeit; regularly joined with subj. (not so in Livy); only rarely, and mostly post-Aug., with indic. (v. infra).

With subj.:

homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 39:

non igitur potestas est cum velis opitulandi rei publicae, quamvis ea prematur periculis, nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

quamvis sit magna (exspectatio), tamen eam vinces,

id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

quamvis prudens ad cogitandum sis sicut es, tamen nisi, etc.,

id. Att. 12, 37, 2;

and with this cf.: huc accedit, quod quamvis ille felix sit sicut est, tamen, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

ipsas quamvis angusti terminus aevi Excipiat... At genus immortale manet,

Verg. G. 4, 206.—

In a negative clause: senectus enim quamvis non sit gravis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11; 26, 97; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23:

quamvis non fueris suasor,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 2.—

With indic.:

erat inter eos dignitate regiā, quamvis carebat nomine,

Nep. Milt. 2, 2:

quamvis infesto animo et minaci perveneras,

Liv. 2, 40, 7; Cels. 1 praef.:

quamvis est enim omnis hyperbole ultra finem, non tamen esse debet ultra modum,

Quint. 8, 6, 73:

carne tamen quamvis distat nil,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 29:

quamvis tacet Hermogenes,

id. ib. 1, 3, 129; cf. Dillenb. ad Hor. C. 1, 28, 13; Verg. A. 5, 542; Ov. M. 2, 782. In Cic. only in joining to his discourse a Lucilian verse beginning with quamvis, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86.—

Without a verb, Carm. Marci ap. Fest. s. v. negumate, p. 165 Müll.:

res bello gesserat, quamvis rei publicae calamitosas, attamen magnas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

quamvis iniqua passi,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224; Col. 9, 14, 14.

ulciscor, ultus, 3, v. inch. dep. [etym. dub.].

To avenge one's self on, take vengeance on, or punish for wrong done (very freq. and class.; cf.: vindico, punio, persequor).

With a personal object:

ego pol illum ulciscar hodie Thessalum veneficum, Qui, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 4, 5, 9:

ego illum fame, ego illum Siti, maledictis, malefactis, amatorem Ulciscar,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 10:

inimicos,

id. Trin. 3, 1, 18:

aliquem pro scelere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 14:

ulciscendi Romanos pro iis, quas acceperant, injuriis occasio,

id. ib. 5, 38:

odi hominem et odero: utinam ulcisci possem! sed illum ulciscentur mores sui,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 2:

numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,

id. Mil. 33, 88:

quos ego non tam ulcisci studeo, quam sanare,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 17:

quos intellegis non, ut per te alium, sed ut per alium aliquem te ipsum ulciscantur, laborare,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 22:

victos acerbius,

Sall. J. 42, 4:

Alphesiboea suos ulta est pro conjuge fratres,

Prop. 1, 15, 15 (19):

ulta pellicem,

Hor. Epod. 3, 13; 5, 63; cf.:

inimici ulciscendi causā,

Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18:

ejus casūs, quem ulciscitur,

Quint. 6, 1, 18.— Absol.:

has tris ulciscendi rationes Taurus scriptas reliquit,

Gell. 7, 14, 5.—

To take revenge for, to avenge, punish injustice, wrongs, etc.;

with a non-personal object: quā in re Caesar non solum publicas sed etiam privatas injurias ultus est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

statuerunt, istius injurias per vos ulcisci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2:

injurias rei publicae,

id. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

Etruscorum injurias bello,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 38:

cum alii ulcisci dolorem aliquem suum vellent,

id. Sest. 20, 46:

injuriam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 28, § 72:

peccata peccatis et injurias injuriis,

id. Inv. 2, 27, 81 al.; cf.:

ultum ire injurias festinare,

to proceed to revenge, to revenge, Sall. J. 68, 1:

ultum ire scelera et injurias,

Quint. 11, 1, 42:

istius nefarium scelus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68:

patrui mortem,

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 14:

senis iracundiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12:

offensas tuas,

Ov. Tr. 2, 134:

barbaras Regum libidines,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 8:

illatum a Persis Graeciae bellum,

Just. 2, 15, 13.—

Transf., with the person to whom wrong has been done as the object, to take vengeance for, to avenge a person (much less freq. but class.):

quos nobis poëtae tradiderunt patris ulciscendi causā supplicium de matre sumpsisse,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66; Auct. Her. 1, 16, 26:

caesos fratres,

Ov. M. 12, 603:

fratrem,

id. ib. 8, 442:

patrem justa per arma,

id. F. 3, 710:

numen utrumque,

id. ib. 5, 574:

cadentem patriam,

Verg. A. 2, 576:

quibus (armis) possis te ulcisci lacessitus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

se,

id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87; Plin. Ep. 8, 7, 2; Ov. M. 7, 397; id. P. 1, 8, 20:

Hannibal se a transfugis ultus est,

Front. Strat. 3, 16, 4.— Transf., of things:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur: contactum namque eo celerius subinde rubiginem trahit,

Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 146.—With the two constructions combined:

non hercle ego is sum, qui sum, ni hanc injuriam meque ultus pulcre fuero,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 7.

Act. collat. form ulcisco, ĕre: nisi patrem materno sanguine exanclando ulciscerem, Enn. ap. Non. 292, 16 (Trag. v. 184 Vahl.).—

ulciscor, ci, in a passive signif.:

quicquid sine sanguine civium ulcisci nequitur, jure factum sit,

Sall. J. 31, 8: ob iras graviter ultas, graviter ultae, Liv 2, 17, 7; so,

ultus,

avenged, Val. Fl. 4, 753:

ulta ossa patris,

Ov. H. 8, 120.

urbānus, a, um, adj. [urbs], of or belonging to the city or town, city-, town- (opp. rusticus; cf.: urbicus, oppidanus).

Lit.

Adj.:

nostri majores non sine causā praeponebant rusticos Romanos urbanis,

Varr. R. R. 2, praef. §

1: rustica et urbana vita,

id. ib. 3, 1, 1:

vita (opp. rustica),

Quint. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 17:

urbani assidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165:

scurra,

id. Most. 1, 1, 14:

leges,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 85:

tribus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

praetor,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20:

plebes,

Sall. C. 37, 4:

servitia,

id. ib. 24, 4:

exercitus,

Liv. 27, 3, 9:

administratio rei publicae (opp. provincialis),

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

res,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 13; Caes. B. G. 7, 6:

motus,

id. ib. 7, 1:

luxus,

Tac. A. 2, 44: praedia, land and houses, all land covered by buildings (v. praedium), Dig. 50, 16, 198; 8, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8, tit. 2:

fundus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2:

rus,

Just. 31, 2:

cohortes,

Dig. 25, 1, 8, § 9.—

Subst.: urbā-nus, i, m., an inhabitant of a city, a city man, citizen:

urbani fiunt rustici,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 15 sq.:

omnes urbani, rustici,

Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 77:

sermo omnis non modo urbanorum, sed etiam rusticorum,

id. Or. 24, 81:

otiosi,

Liv. 5, 20, 6:

obrepere urbanis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 2.—

Esp., devoted to the city, fond of city life:

diligere secessum, quem tu nimis urbanus es, nisi concupiscis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 29.—

Transf., in the city fashion, in the city style, citizenlike, both in a good and a bad sense.

In a good sense.

Polished, refined, cultivated, courteous, affable, urbane (syn.:

comis, humanus): hominem non solum sapientem, verum etiam, ut nunc loquimur urbanum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 3; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 34 sq.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17.—

Transf., of plants, improved, cultivated, ornamental: sunt arborum quaedam urbaniores, quas his placet nominibus distinguere. Hae mites, quae fructu atque aliqua dote umbrarumve officio humaniusjuvant, non improbe dicantur urbanae. Plin. 16, 19, 32, § 78:

acanthi topiariae et urbanae herbae,

id. 22, 22, 34, § 76.—

Of speech.

In gen., refined, polished, elegant. nice, choice:

in vocibus nostrorum oratorum recinit quiddam et resonat urbanius,

Cic. Brut. 46, 171:

genus dicendi,

Quint. 2, 8, 4:

os facile, explanatum, jucundum, urbanum, id est, in quo nulla neque rusticitas neque peregrinitas resonet,

id. 11, 3, 30:

distinctior et urbanior et altior Cicero,

Tac. Or. 18.—

In [p. 1935] partic., of wit, witty, humorous, facetious: urbanus homo erit, cujus multa bene dicta responsaque erunt: et qui in sermonibus, circulis, conviviis, item in contionibus, omni denique loco ridicule commodeque dicet, Domit. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 105:

dictum per se urbanum,

id. 6, 3, 54:

circumfertur Marcii Philippi velut urbanissimum factum atque dictum,

Col. 8, 16, 3:

qui est in isto genere urbanissimus,

Cic. Cael. 15, 36:

Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

homines lauti et urbani,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17:

hic tibi comis et urbanus liberque videtur,

witty, clever, Hor. S. 1, 4, 90:

urbanus coepit haberi,

id. Ep. 1, 15, 27:

in senatu dicax et urbanus et bellus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 25, 3:

urbanos qui illa censuerunt dicam an miseros? Dicerem urbanos, si senatum deceret urbanitas,

id. ib. 8, 6, 3.—

In a bad sense, bold, forward, impudent:

frontis ad urbanae descendi praemia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 11:

audacia,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 8.— Adv.: urbānē (acc. to II. A.).

Courteously, civilly, affably, politely, urbanely:

severe et graviter et prisce agere, an remisse ac leniter et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

urbanius agere,

id. ib. 15, 36: urbanissime et prudentissime adjuvit, Treb. Gallien. 14.—More freq.,

Of speech, wittily, acutely, elegantly, happily:

aliquem facete et urbane ridere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 39:

bene et urbane dicere,

Quint. 6, 3, 42; 5, 7, 26; 6, 1, 46 al.:

interrogare,

id. 11, 3, 126:

emendare,

id. 8, 3, 54:

urbanius elabi,

id. 2, 11, 2:

urbanissime respondere,

Gell. 15, 5, 3.